What is the best way to install heating in a private home? Typical heating wiring diagrams in a private house: a complete classification of device options. Advantages of an air heating system

Shopping

What you need to install a working water heating system?

Here's the full list:

Boiler. It should provide minimal operating costs and, if possible, require minimal attention from the owner;
Boiler piping— safety group (air vent, pressure gauge and safety valve), circulation pump and expansion tank, compensating for the increase in volume when heated;

I deliberately excluded from consideration open gravity systems, in which the functions of the entire piping are performed by an open expansion tank. They are extremely simple in design, but differ from closed systems with forced circulation in that they take a long time to heat up, a large temperature spread between heating devices and the formation of scale in the boiler heat exchanger.

Pipes— bottling, connections to radiators and (optional) heating risers;
Actually heating devices and their piping— shut-off taps or throttles for separate adjustment.

Boiler

How to choose a boiler for water heating?

If you have gas in your house or area, great. A cheaper source of heat cannot be found: the thermal energy obtained by burning natural gas costs only 50-70 kopecks per kilowatt-hour.

The most economical type of gas boilers is with electric ignition.

What are the savings?

The absence of a pilot burner saves up to 25% of the gas that burns when the boiler is idle, when the coolant is heated to a sufficiently high temperature;
Another 10 - 12% savings are provided by the utilization of the heat of condensation of water vapor, which in traditional boilers leaves the house along with the rest of the combustion products.

In the absence of a gas pipeline near the house, the remaining heat sources are arranged according to efficiency in the following order:

A few nuances:

The power source for a gas boiler can be not only main gas, but also cylinders or its own gas tank. But in this case, the cost of a kilowatt-hour will increase to 3 and 2.3 rubles, respectively;
I gave average prices at the time of writing (beginning of 2017), relevant for the central regions of the country at a short distance from the capital. However, regional energy prices and local utility tariffs may make their own adjustments.
Let's say, in Moscow, a kilowatt-hour of electricity costs not 4, but 5 rubles at a single-rate tariff. In Sevastopol, where I live, pellets are twice as expensive as in the Moscow region - 15,000 rubles per ton versus 7,000;
To light a solid fuel boiler using coal, firewood is needed, which will further increase operating costs and time;

Gas, diesel and electric boilers can operate without maintenance as long as electricity, gas or oil is supplied. A pellet boiler with a hopper and a pellet feeding mechanism is capable of autonomous operation for a week. The solid fuel boiler will have to be melted and cleaned of ash several times a day;

Some types of boilers are designed for longer autonomous operation. For example, pyrolysis (smoldering of wood with limited access of air followed by afterburning of combustion products in a separate chamber) increases autonomy to 10-12 hours. Top combustion boilers with a telescopic air duct are even capable of operating on one burner for up to a day.

Replacing diesel fuel with waste fuel will reduce operating costs by 5-6 times. However, waste boilers are not very popular, since only car service workers have a permanent supply channel for used motor oil.

Another source of cheap heat is an exhaust boiler.

For a private house with high-quality insulation of walls and ceilings, located in the central regions of the country, the boiler power is selected at the rate of 100 watts per square meter of area.

For houses in the northern or southern regions, buildings with poor quality or, conversely, very effective insulation and with high ceiling heights, it is better to use the formula Q=V*Dt*k/860.

Variables in this formula (from left to right):

Heat demand of the room in kilowatts;
Its volume in cubic meters;
The temperature difference between the street and the house (it is usually taken equal to the difference between the sanitary norm -18 - 22 degrees - and the temperature of the coldest five-day period in your locality);
Insulation coefficient. It can be selected from the table:

For example, for a house measuring 10x10x6 meters with brick walls 50 cm thick and double-glazed windows, located in Surgut (the temperature of the coldest five days of winter is -43), the heat requirement will be (10*10*6)*(22 - -43) *1.9/860=86 kilowatts.

Is there an inexpensive alternative to solid fuel boilers in the absence of gas??

Heat pumps operate on electricity, but do not use it to directly heat the air in the house, but to pump heat from a low-potential source - soil, water or air.

Since electricity is consumed only by the compressor, for every kilowatt-hour of electricity the owner receives from three to six kilowatt-hours of heat, which reduces heating costs to comparable with solid fuel heating and even gas.

Many potential buyers are put off by the high cost of heat pumps and the expensive installation of a heating system. Suffice it to say that installing a geothermal pump requires drilling wells several tens of meters deep or laying a horizontal collector in a pit with an area three times the size of the house.

However, in warm regions, an air-to-air heating scheme can be implemented: a heat pump takes energy from the air outside the house and heats it without the mediation of a coolant, simply by blowing on the internal heat exchanger.

Doesn't remind you of anything?

That's right, this is exactly how any household air conditioner works in heating mode.

A household split system is a special case of a heat pump.

I use air conditioners as the main source of heat for my home.

Here is a brief report on their operation:

Four inverters constantly working in winter, together with the installation, cost me about 110 thousand rubles;
The heated area of the house is 154 m2. It maintains a temperature of 20-22 degrees;
Air conditioners continue to operate for heating even during the rare frosts in Sevastopol (the minimum temperature with which the heating system was tested was -21 degrees);
Electricity consumption for heating in the winter months is approximately 1500 kWh. The reader can calculate how much this is in money using local tariffs.

The photo shows external units of air conditioners heating the bedroom and children's room on the first floor.

Boiler piping

How to choose a boiler piping?

I have already listed its main elements. However, there are subtleties here too.

When choosing a circulation pump, look first at its performance. A minimum pressure of 2 meters (0.2 kgf/cm2) is quite enough to make the heating system of an apartment building work.

The pump capacity is selected using the formula Q=0.86R/Dt.

In it:

Q is the desired value in cubic meters per hour;
R - power of the boiler or circuit served by a pump with forced circulation of coolant;
Dt is the temperature difference between supply and return (usually it is approximately 20 degrees).

So, for our freezing house in Surgut we will need a pump with a capacity of 0.86*86/20=3.7 m3/h.

The safety valve must be set to the maximum permissible pressure for the heating system (usually 2.5 kgf/cm2.

The volume of the membrane expansion tank is usually taken with a small margin equal to 1/10 of the volume of coolant in the circuit. To find out the last parameter with maximum accuracy, just fill the circuit with water and pour it into a container of known volume.

In a balanced heating system with aluminum or bimetallic radiators, the volume of coolant is approximately 15 liters per kilowatt of boiler power.

The standard charging pressure for the expansion tank is 1.5 kgf/cm2. Approximately the same operating pressure should be maintained in the heating system during operation. It can be increased using a tap connecting the heating circuit to the cold water system, or by simply pumping air into the expansion tank through the spool.

Pipes

What pipes should be used for heating in the house??

In my opinion, the best material for an autonomous water heating system is polypropylene reinforced with aluminum foil.

Why him?

These pipes are among the cheapest. So, with an outer diameter of 20 mm, a linear meter of pipe costs only 70 rubles. Compare this cost with corrugated stainless steel (from 290 rubles per meter) and copper (from 400 rubles);
Their connections are maintenance-free and are as durable as a solid pipe. The fitting can be hidden in a groove or screed;
The strength and heat resistance of polypropylene is quite sufficient for the modest operating parameters of an autonomous system (up to +75C at a pressure of no more than 2.5 atmospheres).

Why do I recommend reinforced pipes and specifically aluminum?

The point is not in resistance to hydrostatic pressure - it is already excessive. The key words are “elongation when heated.” In this parameter, polypropylene without reinforcement is ahead of the rest: a meter-long pipe heated by 50 degrees becomes 6.5 mm longer. Reinforcement with glass fiber reduces elongation to 3.1 mm, and with aluminum to 1.5 mm/meter.

For comparison, a steel pipe under the same conditions will lengthen by 0.5 mm.

When installing long straight bottling sections, the pipes are opened with compensators - ring or U-shaped bends, which avoid deformation of the pipeline.

What should the diameter of the pipes be??

The internal diameter is selected depending on the thermal load on the corresponding section of the circuit. For bottling, the heat load is equal to the power of the boiler, for connections - the power of the heating device, for the riser - the total heat transfer of all devices connected to it.

The internal diameter values are selected from another table.

The diameter can be reduced by increasing the coolant speed (read: pump performance). However, a trap awaits us here: as the flow speed increases, hydraulic noise will appear - first at the throttling valves, and then at all fitting connections. Therefore, it is better to select the speed from the range 0.4 - 0.6 m/s (blue columns in the table).

In a natural circulation system, the filling diameter increases by at least one step. The instruction is related to the minimum hydraulic pressure that ensures the movement of the coolant: as the diameter increases, the hydraulic resistance of the pipeline decreases.

Heating devices

Which batteries are best to buy??

Our choice is aluminum sectional radiators. Cheap and cheerful: maximum heat transfer (with a standard battery size - approximately 200 watts per section) and minimum price (from 300 rubles).

How to choose the number of sections?

The power of a heating device for a separate room is calculated according to the same scheme as the heat demand of the house. To convert the power into the number of sections, it is enough to divide it by the heat flow from one section. It is always indicated by the manufacturer in the technical documentation for the device.

There is one subtlety here. As a rule, the manufacturer indicates the heat flow for a very specific temperature difference between the coolant and the air in the room - 70 degrees (90C/20C).

As the coolant cools or the air heats up, the power of the section will drop in proportion to the temperature delta: say, at 60C in the battery and 25C in the room, the section will deliver half the rated power.

Heating appliances

What fittings are needed to disconnect and adjust batteries?

If you only plan to turn off the radiators (if there is excess heat or for repairs), install ball valves on both connections to the battery. They are durable, fail-safe and always seal in the closed position.

For throttling (adjusting the flow rate) it is customary to use needle throttles, or valves for radiators. The inside is a typical screw valve with a metal valve.

If you want the passage of the connections to be adjusted automatically, your choice is valves with thermal heads. After rough adjustment, they will change their capacity depending on the air temperature in the room.

Wiring

How to heat the house?

The simplest and most fault-tolerant scheme is a single-pipe Leningrad, a filling ring around the perimeter of the house with heating devices connected parallel to it. Its main drawback is the large temperature difference between the first and last radiators.

If the house has several heated floors, a two-pipe heating system is usually installed. It can be dead-end (when the coolant, when flowing from supply to return, turns 180 degrees) and passing (the direction of movement of the coolant is maintained).

A dead-end circuit requires mandatory balancing - limiting the passage of the radiators closest to the boiler with chokes. Without balancing, the main volume of the coolant circulates through these radiators, and distant devices practically do not heat. In my memory, this at least once led to a serious accident - defrosting of the circuit in extreme cold.

The associated circuit (Tichelman loop) forms several parallel circuits of the same length. In it, the temperature of the radiators is always approximately the same without balancing.

A dead-end two-pipe scheme is used in cases where some obstacle (high opening, load-bearing wall, etc.) prevents the Tichelman loop from looping.

Installation

How to solder polypropylene pipes yourself?

For this you will need:

Shaver (stripping) to remove reinforcement from the soldering area;

The shaver also removes the outer chamfer on the pipe, simplifying installation of the fitting.

Scissors - pipe cutter;
Soldering iron with nozzles of the appropriate diameter and operating temperature of 260 degrees.

The connection is installed as follows:

The shaver is placed on the pipe and made several turns, removing the aluminum foil;

If left, the foil in contact with water will gradually deteriorate. This will lead to delamination of the pipe and a decrease in the strength of the connection.

The pipe is inserted into the socket of the nozzle heated to operating temperature. At the same time, a fitting is put on the second side of the nozzle;
The melted parts are combined in a translational (without rotation) motion and held motionless for several seconds. After the melted plastic has set, you can proceed to installing the next connection.

Where to install the security group?

At the outlet of the boiler. This is where the pressure begins to increase when the filling capacity is insufficient or the circulation rate is low.

Where is the expansion tank installed??

At any point in the circuit, but no closer than two filling diameters from the pump when installed in front of it and no closer than ten filling diameters when installed after the pump. Otherwise, the turbulence that occurs during rotation of the impeller will sharply reduce the service life of the tank membrane.

Can a gravity heating system be converted to forced circulation?

Quite: the pump can be installed in both a closed and an open circuit.

Typically, installation of heating with the ability to work with both natural and forced circulation is performed as follows:

The diameter and configuration of the filling (slope, accelerating manifold, height difference between the boiler and heating devices) are made typical for a gravity system;
In front of the boiler, two outlets are welded parallel to the filling, between which a pump is connected;
A ball check valve is installed between the taps.

When the pump is running, the valve is activated and closes the bypass. The coolant circulates at high speed forcibly. As soon as the pump turns off due to a power outage, the system automatically switches to natural circulation mode: the valve opens and water moves freely through the filling.

Instead of a check valve, a regular valve or ball valve is sometimes installed. In this case, the system must be switched to natural circulation mode with your own hands.

Conclusion

Of course, in a small volume of material it is difficult to answer all the questions related to autonomous heating. You will find more information in the video in this article. Feel free to leave your comments on the portal. Good luck, comrades!

If you live in a region where winter temperatures drop below zero, the issue of heating in private homes becomes extremely important. When creating a space heating system in a private house, one of the following heating schemes is used (the design, cost, advantages and disadvantages of each of them will be discussed below).

The most common types of home heating systems

The most ancient means of heating, known since time immemorial, is the Russian stove, the disadvantage of which is that the floor always remains cold, as warm air rises. Fireplaces, which also came to us from antiquity, have changed in many ways, but mainly play an auxiliary role in heating the house. The most popular are water heating systems based on the circulation of water heated from a boiler in pipes. There are boilers heated by different types of fuel. More rare, but no less effective, is air heating. Electric heating in homes is a relatively new type of heating, while the room can be heated without a coolant, and electrical energy is converted into heat.

Water heating

This system is considered the most reliable and simple: the boiler heats the water, which then flows through pipes to the room radiators, from there, giving off heat to the room through the radiators, and returns again to the boiler.

Scheme of water heating of a private house

Water circulation is maintained by a circulation pump. A water heating system is a closed chain consisting of a boiler-heat generator, pipeline, and batteries. Water or antifreeze constantly circulates through it. The fuel for heating the boiler can be coal, firewood, natural gas, kerosene, etc.; centralized power supply or alternative electricity: solar and wind converters, mini-hydro stations, etc.

In addition to the boiler, pipes and batteries, the water heating system includes devices for regulating the system: an expansion tank, where excess water or antifreeze that occurs during heating is discharged; thermostats, circulation pump, pressure gauge, shut-off, automatic air vent, safety valves.

Table 1: Selection of boiler power depending on the heated area of the house

For areas from 30 to 1000 sq. meters, you can also use electric boilers with a power of 3-105 kW, respectively. The following reasons may limit the use of electric boilers: there is not always enough electricity capacity supplied to the house, the high cost of electricity, taking into account the cost of 1 kW of energy per 10 sq.m. with ceiling heights up to 3 m, possible power outages.

Diagram of a water heating system for a private two-story house

Pipes made of different materials are used in a water heating system:

1.Steel, galvanized steel, stainless steel;
They are welded during installation.Steel pipes have a significant drawback: low corrosion resistance. Galvanized and stainless steel pipes do not have this drawback; it is advisable to use threaded connections in their installation. When assembling a pipeline from metal pipes, skill and qualifications are needed. Currently, in new construction of cottages, such pipes are used less.
2. Copper;
Copper pipes are reliable and can withstand very high temperatures and high pressures. They are connected by high-temperature soldering using silver-containing solder. They can be hidden in the walls of the house and then sealed. Working with such pipes requires high qualifications. Copper pipes are the most expensive of all, and are used mainly in exclusive construction.
3. Polymer(metal-plastic, polyethylene, polypropylene reinforced with aluminum).

Polymer pipes are convenient for installation and do not require special professional skills of the assembler. Metal-plastic pipes (aluminum is coated with plastic on both sides) are durable, resistant to corrosion, and do not allow sediment to be deposited on the inner surface. Metal-plastic pipes are installed using press or threaded connections without welding, which reduces the cost of installation work. However, they also have a drawback: a large coefficient of thermal expansion. If only hot water flowed in the pipe for a long time, and then cold water flowed, then they may leak. Therefore, temporarily stopping the boiler in winter and defrosting the heating systems leads to irreversible damage. Another reason for a possible leak: if you bend it at an acute angle, the aluminum layer may simply break.

The choice of material for pipes should be coordinated with the designers, taking into account the possibility of alternative or “emergency” heating of the house, as well as your material capabilities. Experts note that practically the only way to get an absolutely reliable system is to use a copper pipeline that will last for more than one generation.

Water heating system

The water heating system can be single-circuit or double-circuit. A single-circuit system is intended only for heating the room. A two-circuit system is created for both heating and heating water for domestic needs. Often two single-circuit systems are used, one of which is responsible for heating, the other for heating water, then in the warm season only one system can be used, taking into account that 25% of the boiler power is spent on heating water for domestic needs.

There are three options for installing pipes indoors: one-pipe and two-pipe, manifold. Two-pipe heating systems are considered optimal for individual houses.

Single-pipe water heating for a private house

Heated water from the boiler passes sequentially from one battery to another. The last battery in this chain will be colder than the first. This system is more often used in apartment buildings.

Note: It is difficult to control a system with a single-pipe distribution: without special techniques it is impossible to block the access of the coolant to one of the radiators, since this will block access to all the others.

It is easier to regulate the temperature in the premises if two-pipe wiring. With this type of wiring, two pipes are connected to each heating device: with hot and cold water. Such pipes can be routed in a star shape.

Scheme of two-pipe heating distribution for a private house

A pipe with hot water comes to the battery and leaves with cold water. The temperature of each battery is the same.

Scheme of a two-office "loop" system

In this case, the batteries located closer to the heat producer are warmer.

There is also a radial or collector wiring, when two pipes are supplied from the collector to each heating device - forward and return.

Note: A collector in a water heating system is a device that collects coolant - water.

Scheme of collector heating for heating a private house

Collector systems are universal; they allow you to create heating systems with hidden pipe wiring. Installation can be carried out by people without special skills. This wiring diagram makes it possible to regulate the system and install special electric motors that maintain a given temperature in the rooms. The advantage is easy temperature control in each room, relative ease of installation, and the ability to replace a damaged section of pipe without destroying the floor structure. On each floor, in a special cabinet there are collectors, from which pipes go to the heating radiators, independently connected to each radiator. All shut-off valves are located in the cabinet. The need to install cabinets and high pipe costs are among the disadvantages of the collector system.

Note: The cost of the pipes will depend on the selected wiring diagram (two-pipe or single-pipe). The single-pipe scheme has a lower cost.

Calculation of the cost of a heating water system

Calculation diagram for heating water system

It is believed that to heat a room with an area of 10 square meters. you need 1 kW of heating power.

There are also correction factors:

From 2 windows facing north - 1.3;

From 2 windows facing south and east - 1.2;

1 window facing north or west - 1.1.

Example: Area 10 x 10 sq.m., two floors. 4 rooms with 2 windows each.

Based on the footage, you need a single-circuit boiler with a capacity of 25 kW (let’s say it runs on gas) or a double-circuit boiler of 28 kW to heat domestic water. On average, such a boiler can cost approximately $800. You can also choose an electric boiler, which can also cost about $800-850 for a house of this size.

Equipment:

batteries (we’ll choose steel ones: 8 batteries on the first floor, two for each window, size 500x800, power 1645 W; and 4 batteries on the second floor, one under the window, size 600x1000, power 2353 W);
polypropylene pipes about 200 m;
brackets;
corners;
taps and other elements;
system installation;
system design;
approvals will be about $11,000.

If you need a gas supply for a gas boiler, you need a project with approvals, which will cost about $400. Then it is necessary to install a gas pipeline, which can cost about $1,500. When choosing an electric boiler, costs are reduced due to the fact that no additional wiring is required (unlike gas boilers); therefore, a chimney and boiler room are not needed.

Note: Water heating systems have the disadvantage of labor-intensive and expensive installation and the need for preventive maintenance. If antifreeze is used in the system, then you need to remember that all antifreeze can lead to leaks in the system; after five years, the antifreeze needs to be changed, as they age and their freezing point increases.

Air heating

Air heating scheme in a private house

Air heating systems include gravity and forced ventilation systems. With a gravity heating system, air moves due to natural circulation due to temperature differences. At different temperatures, different air densities arise, due to which natural air movement occurs in the system.

Warm air exits through the air ducts under the ceiling and, occupying a significant volume, displaces colder air (for example, near windows and doors) down and towards the air intake, thereby creating air circulation in the heated room. The disadvantage of gravitational (natural) circulation is that due to the intake of cold air from open windows, doors, and drafts, air circulation is disrupted and overheating occurs in the upper part of the room and cooling of its working part. The advantage is independence from electricity.

A forced ventilation system uses an electrically driven fan to increase air pressure and distribute it throughout the ducts and rooms. The heat carrier is air, which is heated by a heat generator, the main elements of which are a burner and a heat exchanger. The air supplied by the fan blows the heated the heat exchanger, where the combustion products exit, is heated to 45-60 degrees, then supplied through the air duct system to the rooms. Through return air ducts or through grilles, the cooled air is returned to the heat generator. The speed of air movement in systems with forced circulation is much higher. But there is a problem of noise in air ducts and distribution grilles.

The air heating system allows you to do without boilers, radiators, pipes and other elements that are used in water heating. Heat generators can operate on different types of fuel from the burner.

Operating principle and design of the system:

Heating of the premises occurs by supplying heated air there. The system operates in fully automatic mode. The main element of the system is the heat generator. Heat generators can be both stationary and mobile.

Design of a heat generator for an air heating system

In the combustion chamber of the heat generator, liquid fuel (diesel, kerosene) or gas supplied from the burner burns (gas and diesel burners have standard sizes and connections, therefore they are interchangeable). A diesel burner requires an additional tank, filters, and fuel lines for liquid fuel. Household gas heat generators can operate both on natural gas and bottled liquefied propane-butane.

Note: heating a residential building with an area of 100 sq. meters for a month at a temperature of + 24 degrees C, approximately 6 fifty-kilogram cylinders of liquefied propane will be required. An alternative to cylinders: propane tanks (sizes 2500-5000 liters) - gas holders buried in the ground; they do not require special heating).

A fan is located at the bottom of the combustion chamber; air from the room enters here, which is directed to the heat exchanger (heat generators can also carry out a small mixture of outside air). Next, the heated air is directed through the air ducts into the room, and the combustion products go into the chimney. Heated air (usually up to 45-60 degrees) and pumped directly or through air ducts, moving, creates uniform heating throughout the entire volume of the room. Through return ducts or through grates on the floor, the air returns back to the heat generator. Exhaust gases are removed through a chimney. To heat a house, an air flow rate of 1000 to 3800 m3/hour at a pressure of 150 Pa is sufficient.

If the room area is large, long air ducts can lead to heat loss, so sometimes it is possible to install several heat generators without air ducts instead of one heat generator with air ducts connected to it. The maximum length of the main air duct should be no more than 30 m, branches - no more than 15 m.

Air ducts vary:

1. In form: round And rectangular;
Round ducts usually have a circular cross-section with an internal diameter of 100-200 mm, they are durable and create little aerodynamic drag. Attached with a clampthe required diameter and studs.
Rectangular ducts in the form of boxes with dimensions from 100x150 mm to 3200x4000 mm. They have advantages when a large cross-sectional area is needed, or installation is carried out in difficult conditions; they fit better into the interior of rooms, save space, which is why they are more often used in private homes. They are fastened using a special profile and studs.
Both round and rectangular ducts are attached to the ceiling using drive-in anchors.
2. By hardness: hard And flexible;
Rigid ones are made of galvanized or stainless steel (both round and rectangular cross-sections). They are used in rooms of any layout and complexity. Flexible and semi-flexible air ducts of only circular cross-section are made of thermoplastic material using a spiral steel frame. They are easy to install, however, they increase aerodynamic drag
3. According to the material: metal And non-metallic;

Metal:

Chimneys are made from black steel (1.0-2.0 mm) with a primer;
Air ducts are made of copper in wet rooms: kitchens, bathrooms, bathrooms, swimming pools. This is the most expensive material;
Made of aluminum alloys: able to withstand high temperatures and do not corrode. Most often installed in kitchens;
Made from galvanized or stainless steel: produced with a thickness of 0.5-1.0 mm. Such air ducts have a low price, they have anti-corrosion properties, durability and increased fire resistance. (Air ducts made of galvanized steel are most often used).

Non-metallic:

Plastic air ducts have a low cost, are made of polyethylene, vinyl plastic, etc. They are light in weight, easy to install, do not corrode, and have antistatic properties. However, they have low fire resistance. Attached using metal or plastic mounting brackets.
Textile air ducts for transporting air are made of airtight fabric - polyamide, and permeable polyester fabrics are used for air supply (they are also an air filter). To ensure fire resistance, fiberglass is used. They are economical, easy to transport, easy to attach and install. However, textile air ducts only provide air flow.

Air ducts passing through unheated rooms or adjacent to an external wall must be insulated. If you plan to hide the air duct between the ceilings, then you need to place it in a metal frame and insulate it. In order to disinfect the air and refresh it, filters, humidifiers and fresheners can be built into the system. Air distributors and air intake devices are attached to the ends of the air ducts leading into the premises.

Calculation of the cost of an air heating device

Heating air system calculation diagram

Example: two-story private house with an insulated attic and basement with a total area of 300 sq. meters. Equipment and ductwork will cost approximately $8,000; consumables will be $550. (pipes and air duct wiring will cost $10-15 per p/m). Installation and commissioning works - $2300. Design and estimate work - $700.

In general, air heating without automation can cost approximately $11,000. Some companies offer the cost of installing air heating at 26-36 USD. for 1 sq. turnkey meter. Comparing these calculations with calculations for water heating, it is clear that the cost of wiring air heating, calculated at a minimum, will be lower than when creating water heating. Thanks to automation, the air heater can be turned on 3-4 times a day for 10-15 minutes to maintain the temperature. Fuel consumption during the heating season can be 30-40% lower compared to water heating.

The disadvantages of air heating include the fact that it is difficult to modify it, it requires competent calculation of air ducts and network topology, labor-intensive routing of air ducts, and installation must be done during new construction. It is necessary to condition and humidify the air in the room.

Electric heating

Among the various options for electric heating of private houses: electric convectors, ceiling infrared long-wave heaters, cable and film systems for heating floors and ceilings.

Let's consider the use of electric convectors. They are popular in low-rise suburban construction, especially in those regions where there are no gas mains.

Operating principle of electric convectors

The operation of an electric convector is based on the phenomenon of air convection (circulation), as a result of which over 80% of the heat is released into the air. The high moisture resistance and reliability of convectors allows them to be installed in bathrooms and children's rooms, since the temperature on their surface does not exceed +60 C. There are models of electric convectors that do not dehumidify the air in the room and do not burn oxygen. The operation of electric convectors is based on heating the cold air entering the device from the room. Heating is produced by a heating element made of a conductive component. After heating, the air increases in volume and rises through the louvers of the outlet grille. Additionally, the air is heated by radiation of heat from the surface of the electric convector.

Electric converter operation diagram

The level of comfort is ensured by an electronic system for maintaining the desired temperature. There are models with a built-in thermostat and with a remote thermostat. The thermostat saves energy. The air temperature sensor records the temperature in the room over a short period of time and sends a signal to the thermostat, which turns the heating element on or off. The presence of a thermostat allows you to set the operating mode once, and disconnect the device from the network only during a long absence. The built-in thermostat is affected by the temperature of the convector body, so its data may be inaccurate. The remote thermostat regulator takes into account the temperature of the point in the space in which it is installed. The remote thermostat is attached to the wall at a height of 1-1.5 m from the floor, away from drafts.

Electric convectors can be divided by size into two main groups: high - up to 45 cm high and baseboard - up to 20 cm high. High electric convectors are either placed on the floor or mounted using a special frame on the wall. Skirting convectors are convenient for installation under low windows and stained glass windows. Their power is 0.5-3.0 kW (in increments of 250 W). Dimensions in length, depending on the power, can be up to 2.5 m with a thickness of about 80 mm. For the greatest effect, it is recommended to install the electric convector at a height of up to 1 m, or under window openings. To ensure normal air flow circulation, the electric convector must not be obscured by objects at a distance of up to 0.1 m.

In terms of operating costs, this type of heating is inferior only to gas, but it is more reliable and safe. The control units are equipped with overheating protection. No grounding required. The devices are insensitive to voltage surges. The mains voltage is sufficient for operation of the device -220 V.

Calculation of the number of electric convectors

Diagram of the number of electric converters in a private house

The number and power of convectors are determined based on the volume of the room that will be heated.

The calculations can be based on the required heating power 1m3 of room: 20 W/m3 - for rooms with good thermal insulation (according to energy-saving standards of Scandinavian countries); 30 W/m3 - houses with insulated walls and ceilings, double-glazed windows; 40 W/m3. - poorly insulated houses; 50 W/m3 - poorly insulated buildings.

Example: The requirement for the main heating of a house with an area of 100 m2 and a height of 3 m (volume 300 m3) of a poorly insulated house, that is, with a need of 40 W/m3, is 12,000 W. Thus, it is possible to place four convectors with a power of 2.5 kW and one with a power of 2.0 kW in this area. Depending on the company and the availability of additional functions, the price of a convector can range from $100 to $200-250. Thus, the cost of electric convectors for this case (seven pieces) can be $1,250.

One can add to the advantages of electric convectors that, despite the generally low costs of equipment, there are no costs for maintenance and prevention.

Note: The disadvantage of electric convectors is that they heat the room unevenly in height: warm air accumulates under the ceiling, and the air temperature at the floor remains low, which is also typical for water heating; dependence on electricity can also become problematic when it is turned off; In addition, circulating flows carry dust with them. However, now some companies offer models of electric convectors that help reduce the collection of dust around the devices. If the room is large, you need to install a fan to speed up heating.

How to choose the type of heating for a private home

Based on the experience of various construction projects, we can say with confidence that the most correct choice of heating system for a particular house depends on what type of energy is most accessible, the distance of the home from populated areas, and the material capabilities of the owner. There are pros and cons to any heating system, so consult with the designers before making a decision.

Of course, if there is a gas supply to the house or even to the area, then it is best to choose water heating with a gas heat generator (boiler). Gas is currently the cheapest form of energy. However, in winter there are drops in gas pressure to 100-120 mm of water. Art., with a norm for boilers of 180 mm water. Art., which can lead to shutdown of the heating system.

For heating you can use electric convectors. If it is possible to supply electricity of sufficient power (if you have installed equipment with a power higher than 10 kW, you need to connect a three-phase wire and agree with the energy sales authorities), then you can use other types of electric heating. However, you will then be completely dependent on the electricity supply.

Owners of houses remote from civilization will have to think about creating an independent heating system.

For example: installation of solid fuel stoves and fireplaces in the house. The main danger with improperly installed stoves is the possibility of carbon dioxide entering the room, so good stove makers are needed. As an alternative to stoves, you can install a solid fuel boiler: wood and coal for water heating. By installing sensors, such boilers will be able to maintain the desired temperature without the use of electricity. Or use liquid fuel boilers, however, taking into account that emissions from burning diesel fuel are harmful to health, and also that 1 kW of energy will cost 4-5 times more than when using solid fuel.

In order to be sure that your home will always be warm, it may be worth making sure that you can use different energy sources. For example, to have a solid fuel fireplace or to purchase a boiler that runs on different types of fuel, which is produced by European manufacturers, however, its price will exceed the total price of single boilers that run on different fuels.

The most important characteristic of current costs is the cost of fuel and its consumption per unit of time.

Currently, fuel prices are approximately:

1 liter of diesel fuel - $0.4. The cost of 1 kWh of energy is $0.04.

1 m3 of natural gas for a private owner - $0.04. The cost of 1 kWh of energy is $0.005.

1 liter of propane-butane mixture - $0.2. The cost of 1 kWh of energy is $0.018.

1 kWh of electrical energy for a private owner - $0.03.

1 kg of coal averages $0.2. The cost of obtaining 1 kWh of energy ($0.04).

Attention! In this article, all prices are presented for the period of 2009.

Every home in the Russian climate requires an efficient heating system. For a private home, which, as a rule, is absent, there are quite a lot of options for its arrangement. Differing from each other in design, types of wiring and coolants, all these systems have their advantages and disadvantages.

Classification of heating systems for a private home

First of all, heating systems differ in the type of coolant and are:

water, the most common and practical;
air, a type of which is an open fire system (i.e. a classic fireplace);
electric, the most convenient to use.

In turn, in a private house they are classified according to the type of wiring and are single-pipe, collector and two-pipe. In addition, there is also a classification for them according to the energy carrier required to operate the heating device (gas, solid or liquid fuel, electricity), and according to the number of circuits (1 or 2). These systems are also divided by pipe material (copper, steel, polymers).

Water heating of a private house

Water heating in a private house is carried out using a closed circuit filled with hot water circulating through it. In this case, the heating device is a boiler, from which it is necessary to run pipes throughout the house to each radiator. The water passes through the radiators, gives off heat to the rooms and returns to the boiler. There it heats up again and enters the system. Antifreeze can also be used as a coolant.

Most often, the heating system consists of copper pipes, the most reliable, however, also the most expensive.

Steel is used less often, and water heating is almost never made from polymer materials that do not tolerate temperature changes well.

In addition to pipes, the circuits must be equipped with additional elements:

an expansion tank that collects excess liquid;
thermostats that control the temperature in front of the radiators;
a circulation pump that ensures forced movement of liquid through pipelines;
shut-off and safety valves.

Subspecies

A system of this type can be:

single-circuit, providing only air heating;
double-circuit, which also allows you to get hot water.

Based on the principle of fluid movement in pipes, one-pipe, two-pipe and manifold systems are distinguished. The first involves a sequential transfer of coolant from one battery to another. Its advantages include ease of wiring, while its disadvantages include low efficiency, impossibility of regulation and difficulty in replacing individual elements.

Two-pipe

A two-pipe system is better, as it is more maintainable and ensures minimal heat loss.

But the most convenient and effective way to set up a water heating circuit will be achieved if you carry out one that provides both quick replacement of a worn-out element and simple temperature control, but also costs more.

Pros and cons

The main advantage of all water heating systems in a private home is the efficient transfer of heat throughout all serviced rooms. Among the disadvantages are:

complexity and labor intensity of installation;
the need for regular maintenance of pipes and the boiler, which can be carried out either by yourself or using the services of specialists.

Application of gas boilers

Boilers used in a water system can use different types of fuel. The most common and convenient to use is gas equipment - although it can only be installed if a central gas supply is connected to the house. In addition, among the disadvantages of gas boilers is the need for their regular monitoring by the relevant utility services.

But such a system has the following advantages over others:

Easy to install and operate.
High efficiency in the use of energy resources. On average, gas costs are 30–40% lower than using liquid fuel or electricity.
Fast heating of rooms with coolant. Within an hour, the temperature in rooms with a water heating system, in which the heat source is a gas boiler, will increase noticeably.
Environmentally friendly use of gas.
The ability to automate the process, including programming the required temperature and hot water heating.

If there is no gas supply in a private home, it is necessary to use boilers that run on other types of fuel. For example, on wood, pellets or coal. Such a solid fuel boiler will be completely autonomous and independent of the supply of electricity or gas.

However, its environmental friendliness is significantly less compared to other options. And to store energy, you will need an additional storage device protected from moisture.

Heating using liquid fuel

Liquid fuel equipment should be installed correctly in buildings where the use of both gas and electricity is impossible or simply impractical (for example, the electrical network will not support such a powerful boiler). Its advantage can also be called independence from electricity and gas supplies. Although the disadvantages of such boilers usually outweigh the advantages:

for fuel it is necessary to install a special fireproof tank;
the energy carrier is very expensive, and this option turns out to be the most unprofitable;
large volumes of fuel combustion products are released.

Electric boilers

Using electric boilers in water heating systems is convenient and quite profitable. And at the same time, high automation of the process is ensured.

However, the rate of heating of the coolant by most electric boilers is not too high - and if more powerful equipment is installed, the electrical network may be overloaded.

In addition, electricity is best used as both an energy carrier and a coolant, without the intermediary role of water.

Air system

The principle of operation of the air system is to heat the air directly near the unit (usually a stove, boiler or fireplace). Next, hot air currents are forced (using a ventilation system) or under the influence of gravity to spread throughout the house, providing it with heat. The disadvantages of the forced method are the cost of electricity, while the gravitational method is the possibility of disruption of the air movement pattern due to open doors and drafts.

A wood, gas or liquid fuel unit can be installed as a heat generator in a private home. The advantages of the system include relatively simple maintenance and maximum energy independence (especially in the case of gravitational heat distribution). At the same time, it also has disadvantages:

the need to correctly design and install air ducts at the construction stage of the building. It is almost impossible to integrate them into already built housing;
mandatory thermal insulation of air ducts;
high cost of installation, even if you do the work yourself.

Electric heating

You can heat your home with electricity not only by installing a water system. Using electricity to directly heat rooms will be more correct and profitable. There are two device options:

electric convectors;
underfloor heating system;
infrared long-wave heaters.

Heating with electric convectors

Electric convectors are less profitable compared to water heating, which uses gas as an energy carrier. However, compared to other options, their use will be cost-effective.

In addition, installing such devices is much faster than water radiators, and no pipes are required - only wires and an electrical network capable of withstanding the required power.

"Warm floors"

The use of heated floors will allow you not to use indoor shoes even in the coldest time of the year. Their advantage compared to convectors is more uniform heating of rooms.

However, “warm floors” cannot be used as the main source of heat – but there is no better option for additional heating.

Using infrared heaters

Almost the only disadvantages of using infrared radiation to heat a private home are the discomfort caused by the luminous panel and the low accuracy of power control. At the same time, among its advantages are:

high heating rate;
an increase in the temperature not of the air, but of the interior items;
full automation of the equipment operation process.

What do we know about heating a private home? , or water - before choosing, you should calculate the costs of purchasing materials, installation and subsequent maintenance. If you have a house, you need to manually maintain a comfortable temperature every day. Electricity is quite expensive to operate. To install water heating, it is necessary to purchase all the wiring around the house, purchase and install it. But this is where the main costs end. We will tell you how to make economical water heating of a private house with your own hands. There are numerous installation schemes, so in this review we will try to consider the most popular of them.

Any heating system has advantages and some features that you need to familiarize yourself with in advance so that emergency situations do not arise in the future.

The positive points include:

all wiring around the house is brought into one place and connected to the boiler. This is much more convenient than installing it in every room;
moderate coolant temperature. With a maximum of 100°C, the temperature does not exceed +60°C, in a water floor system - no higher than +40°C. This prevents dust from burning and causing burns upon contact, and the heating of the premises is soft and comfortable.

Features of water heating in a private house include:

preliminary installation of all pipework, which increases the cost of the resource;
risk of coolant freezing in case of irregular or seasonal use. It is necessary to either drain the water during the absence of residents, or maintain heating during the cold season, or fill it up;
risk of leaks.

Coolant and its properties

There is no ideal coolant. Each option has an acceptable temperature range and technical parameters, if violated, the heating system can be damaged. Replacing equipment will be very expensive.

The main characteristics of the coolant that need to be taken into account when choosing:

temperature regime;
viscosity;
anti-corrosion properties;
toxicity when heated.

The best coolant is purified water and antifreeze.

The main advantages of antifreeze over water are presented in the table. Its use is especially recommended in houses with seasonal or periodic residence.

Coolant	freezing t, °C	Viscosity,mm²/s at 40°С	Fire hazard, critical temperature, °C
Purified water	0	0,9	Yes
Industrial oils	-15 (-18)	10÷40	140÷190
Salt compositions	-55	1	No
Alcohol compositions	-40	0,7	Yes
Antifreeze	-40	3,1	No

There is no need to drain it from the system during departure. When you return, simply turn on the boiler. If the temperature drops below the limit, the composition will turn into a viscous liquid - a gel, while its physical characteristics will not change. After the temperature rises to the required level, it will again acquire a liquid form while maintaining its original volume.

You should know this! The service life of antifreeze is at least 5 years. With one fill, the system can operate for up to ten heating seasons.

antifreeze for heating

Despite all the advantages of antifreeze, many people choose water. It is safe, there are no chemical impurities in it, especially if you dig your own. The only negative point is the mineral salts in the composition, which cause corrosion. To prevent it, you can use boiled or melt water. Or alternatively, use the .

Standards and requirements for water autonomous heating

The basic requirements are developed in building codes and regulations.

the temperature of the liquid in the pipes should not be higher than +90°C;
the optimal temperature regime should be within +60÷80°C;
for open installation of water heating, it is necessary to fasten the pipes using clips, clamps or install metal channels;
Concealed installation can be carried out in grooves, channels, baseboards. Can be covered with screens;
if necessary, it is necessary to thermally insulate pipes that will pass through an unheated room.

Features of a water heating system

The operating principle of a water heating system is based on physical laws. The heated coolant rises, the cooled coolant descends. In other words, the best circulation of liquid in the heating system will be with a large temperature difference between the outlet and return of the coolant. The optimal difference is 25°.

To know how to properly install heating in a private home, you need to familiarize yourself with the following rules.

The boiler must be installed 2 meters below the level of the pipe system and batteries, at the lowest point of the heating circuit;
If necessary, the riser through which the liquid rises into the premises should be thermally insulated;
with natural coolant circulation, the length of the pipes should be less than 30 meters;
for a one-story building with natural coolant movement, it is necessary to perform a return with a slope;
for multi-storey buildings it is necessary to install additional pumping equipment.

Main elements of the system

The heating system consists of a boiler, radiators and piping. During installation, it is necessary to install safety groups, control and shut-off elements, air outlet units and drainage devices. To effectively heat the upper floors of the house you need to install.

Boiler

The functionality and efficiency of heating a home depends on it. The principle of its operation is based on heating the coolant as it passes through the heating circuit. Hot flows are directed through the pipework, heating all rooms in the passage area.

long burning solid fuel boiler

Manufacturers offer equipment that runs on different types of fuel.

Boiler classification:

Gas	Gas is the most affordable fuel, especially if it is possible to connect to a gas pipeline. Installation is permitted only by gas services.
Electrical	Can be used as a main device or backup. Experts advise installing boilers that operate on different types of fuel. The advantages include the affordable price of the boiler, while the disadvantages include the high cost of electricity. The installation will pay off only in small 2-3 room houses that are well insulated.
Solid fuel	During operation, it is necessary to periodically add fuel. For coal, the loading time is 8 hours, for firewood – 5 hours. with a combustion cycle of up to 5 days are much more expensive.
Diesel fuel	This is an excellent alternative to gas equipment. You can choose a model with additional gas fuel. Diesel equipment has a significant disadvantage - noisy operation. In addition, the fuel container must be protected from fire.

long burning gas boiler

Related article:

What are their advantages and disadvantages, what is the principle of operation, what you need to pay attention to when choosing, a review of the best manufacturers and models, making it yourself - read in our material.

Pipes

Service life metal products not very big. There is a possibility of corrosion. Installation is carried out on threaded connections;
polymer pipes more reliable, they are affordable. You can install the heating yourself; it won’t cause any difficulties. Service life – up to 50 years;
metal-plastic pipes consist of aluminum and plastic. The elements are assembled using press or threaded connections. One disadvantage of the pipeline is that under the influence of elevated temperatures or during temperature surges there is a possibility of crack formation;
copper- the most expensive pipeline. Copper wiring has increased reliability and durability. The sections are connected using soldering.

Radiators

Negative features of the system include the need to install fittings on pipes. It acts to protect against emergency situations associated with increased coolant pressure. In addition, it is necessary to install safety valves on both sides of the circulation pump equipment.

Do-it-yourself water heating of a private house, installation diagrams and features

Before installing the heating, you should perform the calculations yourself and understand all the intricacies of the device. And after that, purchase materials for the chosen system and begin installation.

Do-it-yourself organization of a single-pipe heating system for a private house

For a one-story house, piping is carried out from the boiler throughout the entire area of the house, the batteries are connected in series. Accordingly, remote rooms will be heated less.

You should know this! It is impossible to provide for the supply of coolant to a specific device. If the radiator needs to be repaired, the heat supply to the entire house is cut off.

You can install a single-pipe heating system yourself; the diagram and installation procedure will not cause any difficulties.

DIY diagram of a two-pipe heating system in a private house

This system allows you to install two pipes for supplying cold and hot coolant with the ability to adjust the temperature on each device. Its own pipe enters and exits the battery. The second name of the circuit is parallel.

Installation of such a system requires a larger investment in the purchase of fittings and pipelines. However, its efficiency is higher. All batteries are heated at the same temperature.

It is advisable to install a two-pipe scheme in 2 or more storey buildings. Its main advantage is the ability to repair a single device without damaging all the others. It is possible to adjust the temperature of each battery, which significantly reduces heating costs. You can install the heating of a country house with your own hands, the circuit will not cause any particular difficulties.

Scheme of water heating of a two-story house

To heat a two-story house, it is important to correctly calculate the power of the system, taking into account the areas of all rooms and select the performance of the boiler and pump. Their parameters should be sufficient to heat the entire house. In this case, important characteristics are pressure loss and fluid flow.

Collector heating circuit for a one-story house with forced circulation

This is the most complex of all systems. The heated coolant is directed to collectors, which then distribute it to the batteries. It is possible to regulate the temperature not only on each circuit, but also on each radiator. To do this, you need to install the required number of thermostatic elements and shut-off valves. The main disadvantage of the system is the cost. In addition to the increased pipe footage, you also need to purchase and install collectors.

The principle of the device is as follows. A centrifugal pumping device must be inserted into the return pipe near the boiler, which will continuously supply coolant using an impeller. Such a device helps to establish a pressure with which all batteries will be heated evenly.

Features of self-installation of water heating

Do-it-yourself heating installation in a private house consists of the following steps:

installation of boiler equipment;
installation of batteries. The distance from the window sill should be 10 cm, from the floor - 6 cm. It is advisable to install an air valve, shut-off valve and regulator on each radiator;

the pipeline layout should start from the boiler;
installation of auxiliary equipment;
connection of elements in accordance with the material and type of pipes.

metal-plastic pipes for heating

Conclusion

The choice of system must be approached thoughtfully not only from a financial point of view, but also from subsequent costs that arise during operation. The basic rule of any heating is reliable and uninterrupted operation. For this, in addition to calculations, you need to perform high-quality installation. If you are not confident in your abilities, it is better to turn to professionals.

We hope that the material will help you in planning your heating. In the article we examined all the features of installing a water heating system. Ask questions in the comments, our team will be happy to take part in discussions.

You can see the principle of a water heating system in the video.

The layout of heating pipes is carried out taking into account many features. For example, it can be performed using a one- or two-pipe method. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the system must be selected on an individual basis. It must take into account the structural features of the building. Heating installation in a private house is carried out according to certain requirements, which should be considered in more detail.

One-pipe method

When creating a single-pipe heating distribution, all its components are connected to each other. They are connected in series into one network. The result is one long pipe.

Typically single-pipe systems are filled with water. The final point where the liquid enters is the radiators. Subsequently, the heat from the heated water is transferred to the premises through the radiators.

The water in the boiler is heated. It then moves through the pipes to enter the radiator. This heating system has several disadvantages. The main disadvantage is that the final radiator is located at a great distance from the boiler, due to which the water in it heats up weakly. This drawback can be eliminated with a small modification of the battery. It should be made with many sections. If you follow these tips, a single-pipe system becomes much more efficient.

This heating layout for a private house works great if installed in a building with two floors. It's quite simple to explain. If such wiring was installed in a one-story building, we would have to look for a suitable location for the collector. Such an element is necessary for the proper operation of the entire system.

An accelerating manifold is required to speed up the transfer of heat to the radiators. The device allows you to maintain the water temperature at the desired level and reduces the noise level.

The efficiency of operation is directly dependent on the location of the collector. The higher it is, the better. If you have a house with two floors, such problems do not arise - the collector will cope with the task of maintaining heat without creating unnecessary noise.

Other advantages of single-pipe wiring:

When choosing a single-pipe wiring, you do not have to spend a lot of money. Low cost is ensured due to the small number of pipes.
Another advantage of this method of heating is the possibility of installation even in the most inaccessible places.
Simple installation and aesthetics can also be considered among the advantages of installing such a system.

However, this wiring method also has its disadvantages. For example, if you need to replace broken elements, the heating in the house will have to be turned off completely. In addition, heating occurs unevenly. This depends on the distance between the boiler and the distant battery.

However, if the design is modernized and installed correctly, it will turn out to be quite effective. Such a system can be installed in several stages. You can do the work yourself.

Types of single-pipe wiring

Single-pipe heating wiring may vary in design. Different systems differ in certain features:

The diagrams of these types of single-pipe systems should be studied before determining the type of heating wiring.

Features of single-pipe wiring

It is quite simple to install all the parts of the system inside the house. In this case, it starts from the water supply point and ends at the heating equipment. The diagonal connection is the most effective, so it is chosen more often. An expansion tank must be placed in the building.

There is a simpler option that is easy to implement yourself. In this case, it is necessary to install the door on the flight of stairs. This will isolate the floors from each other. This option is quite effective, although not very aesthetically pleasing.

Advice! Before wiring, you need to study the various diagrams. Then it will be much easier to decide on the choice of system.

Two-pipe wiring

Such systems can be no less efficient than single-pipe systems. This method is suitable for heating houses with one and two floors. Its difference is that you can independently change the temperature in any room.

Another feature of the two-pipe type system is the fact that the forward and return circuits are separated from each other.

The heated liquid is supplied to the system through supply channels. Water begins to flow through the inlet pipes to the batteries. It can also be applied to heated floors. After the liquid has cooled, it is automatically withdrawn. Such systems have one positive feature - how water flows to certain batteries can be adjusted manually.

The overhead wiring can be invisible if you install the pipes above the doorways and cover them with decorative elements. In this case, the pipes will be masked as much as possible.

If the system is installed in a building with two floors, an open tank can be installed. However, it can only be placed in the attic. With lower wiring, the pipes will be located below the window sill.

This method is a little more difficult to implement, since, in addition to installing pipes, you will have to install an open expansion tank. It must be installed above the placement of straight pipes.

Vertical scheme with top wiring

When choosing this model, the coolant will go to the attic from the heating device. The liquid then goes to all the batteries in the house.

Attention! You can prevent the system from becoming airy by removing air from time to time. For this purpose it is necessary to install an expansion tank.

Such schemes are more effective for lower wiring. This is due to the high pressure supplied through the risers.

Bottom wiring of vertical type

A two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring is created sequentially:

A main pipeline must be laid along the floor of the basement or first floor. It will originate from the boiler.
It is necessary to run vertical pipes along the main pipe, which will ensure the movement of coolant to the batteries.

When designing a two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring, it is necessary to decide how air will be removed from the pipeline. This requirement can be satisfied by installing an air pipe and an expansion tank.

Horizontal system

The horizontal wiring option, in which the coolant circulates forcibly, is quite popular. There are several schemes:

When installing a beam system, you will have to spend money on pipes.

Beam wiring

For two-story buildings, as well as houses with many floors, if laying pipes along the walls is not possible, it is better to use radiant heating.

If radial wiring of the heating system is performed, the coolant is evenly distributed throughout all batteries. It does not matter how close to the room the boiler is located. All rooms are heated equally well. The system can be repaired without shutting it down.

For these reasons, many users choose radial heating systems. It is especially often installed in houses with two floors. Such systems also have another drawback - they are always made with two pipes. Therefore, their installation is quite expensive and requires more material.

This type of wiring is a collector type, since the main element in it is the collector. Thanks to this element, the coolant is distributed along the circuits, starting from the main line.

As you can see, heating wiring in a house is carried out in different ways. When choosing the most suitable system, you should understand the circuit that is most suitable for a particular home.

Pipes for distribution

The material of the pipes is important when installing a heating system. Quite often, products made from metal-plastic, polypropylene, and copper are chosen. Galvanized pipes and stainless steel models are often used.

Each type of pipe deserves separate consideration:

Such features of the choice of pipes from various materials must be taken into account.

As you can see, there are many features of creating wiring in a private house. This is due to differences in the areas of buildings and their number of floors. When choosing a specific scheme, it is important to consider such parameters. The installation of the heating system must comply with a pre-created wiring plan. When designing a circuit, it is better to enlist the help of professionals. This will help make your heating system as efficient as possible.