We continue the story of prayer for beginners. In this article, with the permission of Allah, we will talk about how to perform namaz for a beginner, which violates namaz and answer common questions about namaz

Each prayer consists of a certain amount rak'ats- a set of actions that include reading certain surahs of the Qur'an while standing, making one bow from the waist (ruku) and two bows to the earth (sajda).

morning prayer ( fajr) consists of two rak'ahs,

lunch ( zuhr) - from four,

afternoon ( asr) also from four,

evening prayer maghrib- from three,

and night prayer isha- from four.

However, in addition to the obligatory part (fard), each prayer includes a certain number of desirable prayers (sunnat), which are not obligatory, however, a reward is also promised for their fulfillment. Beginners, of course, should first accustom themselves to regularly performing the obligatory part of the five prayers, but then they should try to perform Sunnat prayers, in addition to the main ones.

Also, scientists of the Hanafi madhhab consider it obligatory ( wajib) performing namaz vitre, consisting of three rak'ahs which is performed after the night prayer of Isha.

After you have performed ablution and closed the ‘awrah, stand on a prayer rug (if you don’t have one yet, you can use a clean towel or sheet for this purpose), facing the qibla, and express your intention in your heart ( niyat) to pray. During the intention, you need to name the prayer that you are going to perform (mandatory or desirable and its name is fajr, zuhr, asr).

Intention is pronounced mentally, in the following words: “I intend to perform for the sake of Allah the fard (obligatory part) of this morning(For example) fajr prayer(or name the prayer you are going to perform).

Note: the intention to perform prayer must be pronounced mentally, but the introductory takbir, the suras of the Koran and the necessary duas are said aloud(not necessarily loud, you can whisper, but so that you can hear yourself, moving your lips and tongue).

1. After expressing your intention, raise your hands with your palms out to your shoulders and say (out loud!) The phrase “Allahu Akbar!” (this is the so-called introductory takbir) (as shown in the picture). While raising your hands, make sure that your sleeves do not fall and the awrah does not open - this can spoil your prayer!

2. Then fold your hands on your chest (right over left) and read Surah Al-Fatiha

Sura "Fatiha" (Opening)(approximate transliteration and translation):

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

[Bismillahi r-rahmani r-rahim]

In the name of Allah the Merciful, the Merciful

الحمد لله رب العالمين
[Al-hamdu lillahirabbil-alamin]

Glory to Allah, Lord of all the worlds

الرحمن الرحيم
[ar-rahmanir-rahim]

Gracious, Merciful

مالك يوم الدين
[maliki yaumid-din]

Ruler of Doomsday

إياك نعبد
[iyakya nabudu]

You alone we worship

و إياك نستعين

[wa iyyakya nastayyin]

and to You alone we cry for help

اهدنى الصراط المستقيم

[ihdinas-syratal-mustakyim]

Lead us to the right path

صراط الذين أنعمت عليهم
[sypatallazina an'amta aleihim]

the path of those whom You have bestowed with Your blessings

غير المغضوب عليهم
[Gairil-Magdubi Aleihim]

those who have not incurred Your disgrace

و لا الضآلين
[wa lad-dooollin (Amin)]

and those who did not fall into error. (Amen)

(as mentioned above, for the first time you can limit yourself to saying the phrases “Bismillah”, Alhamdulillah”, “La ilaha illallah”).

During the recitation of the suras, the gaze is turned to the supposed place of the prostration.

3. With the pronunciation of the words "Allahu Akbar" make a bow - hand '. Women bow not as deeply as men. The gaze is turned to the toes; the hands lie on the knees, not clasping them.

4. After making the ruku, straighten up again to a standing position.

5. With the words "Allahu Akbar" make a prostration (sajda). To perform it, they first kneel down, then lean on their hands and then touch the ground with their nose and forehead. The toes (at least two fingers) should rest on the ground, the elbows touch the floor and press against the body, the stomach is pressed against the hips.

6. With the words “Allahu Akbar”, rise to a sitting position for a short period of time, which is sufficient to pronounce the phrase “Subhanallah”. Then again say "Allahu Akbar" and make a second prostration.

Here the first rak'ah of prayer ends.

7. With the words "Allahu Akbar", rise to a vertical position for the second rak'ah of prayer and fold your arms over your chest, as described above.

2nd rak'ah:

8. First, as in the first rak'ah, read Sura Al-Fatiha (or say the words of dhikr - the remembrance of Allah). Usually, some short sura is also pronounced in the second rak'ah, but a beginner can limit himself to only one Al-Fatih sura. Then they perform ruku' and sajda as described above.

9. After making two earthly prostrations, sit on your feet (as shown in the picture), hands lie on your knees, both legs are shifted to the right side. You should not sit on your left foot, but on the floor. In this position, the dua Attahiyyat is pronounced.

Approximate transliteration and translation:

التحيات لله و الصلوات و الطيبات
[At-tahiyyatu lillahi was-salyawatu wat-tayyibat]

Greetings to Allah, prayers and good deeds.

السلام عليك أيها النبي و رحمة الله و بركاته
[As-salamu alaykya ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakyatuh]

Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of Allah and His blessings.

السلام علينا و على عباد الله الصالحين
[As-salamu 'alayna wa 'ala ibadillahis-salihin]

Peace be upon us and the true servants of Allah.

أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله و أشهد أن محمدا عبده و رسوله
[Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah wa ashhadu anna muhammadan abduhu wa rasulyuh]

I bear witness that there is no god but Allah
and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.

Attention! While pronouncing the words “la illaha”, you need to raise the index finger of your right hand, and lower it while pronouncing the words “illa Allah”.

11. If you perform the morning prayer (fajr) after pronouncing the dua At-Tahiyyat, a greeting (taslim) is pronounced at the end of the prayer. With the words "Assalamu alaikum var rahmatullah" turn your head towards the right shoulder, and then - with the same words - towards the left.

If a you perform a prayer consisting of more than two rak'ahs, then after pronouncing the dua At-Tahiyyat (without saying the greeting of the end of the prayer!) You need to rise to a standing position and perform one more (if you perform Maghrib prayer) or two more rak'ahs (if you perform prayers Zuhr, Asr, Isha). After the last (third or fourth rak'ah) is completed, sit down again and say the At-Tahiyat dua again, then say the greeting "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah!" Turning your head first to the right shoulder, then to the left.

After performing prayer, you can turn to Allah with your personal requests (in any language, not necessarily in Arabic).

Note:

In the third and fourth rak'ahs of the obligatory prayer, after reading the Fatih sura, it is not necessary to read the second sura. If you perform a sunnat prayer consisting of four rak'ahs, then the second sura in the third and fourth rak'ahs is pronounced.

Prayer Witr

As mentioned above, Hanafi scholars consider it obligatory to perform Witr prayer: a prayer performed after the night prayer of Isha and before the time of Fajr prayer. Namaz witr consists of three rak'ahs. Before committing it, the intention is pronounced something like this: “I intend to pray witr for the sake of Allah”- it is not indicated whether this is Sunnat or fard prayer, since there is disagreement among scientists on this issue. In the third rak'ah of this prayer, after reading Surah Al-Fatiha, you need to read a short surah, then saying "Allahu Akbar", raise your hands in the same way as for the introductory takbir, then fold them on your chest and say dua Kunut:

Approximate transliteration:

“Allaahumma inna nasta‘iinuka wa nastahdiika va nastagfiruk, wa natuubu ilaik, va nu’minu bikya va natavakkalyu ‘alayk, wa nusnii ‘alaykal-haira kullahu, wa nashkuruka wa laya nakfuruk, wa nahl‘u wa natruku man yafjuruk. Allahumma iyakya na’budu wa lakya nusalli wa nasjudu, wa ilyaykya nas’a va nakhfid, va narjuu rahmatakya va nakhshaa ‘azaabak, inna ‘azaabakya bil-kuffaari mulhik.

“O Allah! We appeal to Your help, we ask you to lead us on the right path, we ask You for forgiveness and repent. We believe and rely on You. We praise You in the best way. We thank you and do not deny. We reject and leave (leave) all those who commit lawlessness. Oh my God! We worship You alone, we pray, and before You we make prostrations. We strive for You and we go. We hope for Your mercy and we fear Your punishment. Verily, Your punishment befalls the godless!”

If a person has not yet learned dua Qunoot, you can say this dua:

“Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan, va fil-aakhyrati hasanatan va kynaa ‘azaaban-naar.”

“Our Lord! Give us good things in this and the next life, protect us from the torment of Hell.

What actions violate prayer

1. During prayer, you can’t talk, laugh - moreover, loud laughter (that people standing nearby can hear it) - violates not only prayer, but also ablution. However, a smile (without a sound) does not violate prayer.

2. You can not make any sounds or sigh. Sneezing or coughing does not break prayer.

3. You can not cry for worldly reasons (crying out of fear of Allah is allowed).

4. You can not perform multiple small actions without need (straighten clothes, itch). Small actions done for a good reason are forgiven, but care must be taken to reduce their number to a minimum.

Extra actions are defined, according to the strongest opinion, as actions which, if seen from a distance by an observer who does not know that you are praying, would completely convince him that you are NOT praying. If you have doubts, then this is not an extra act - and it does not violate prayer. Usually three continuous big acts are considered superfluous (based on Ibn Abidin's Radd al-Mukhtar).

5. A man and a woman should not pray while standing in the same row (there must be some distance or barrier).

Frequently Asked Questions about Prayer:

Is it possible to pray on a piece of paper or a book? Beginners often perform namaz by looking at a book or piece of paper with a hint. This should be avoided, because in this case it will turn out that you perform many unnecessary actions that make your prayer invalid.

Is it permissible to pray during haida or nifaas? - Not, a woman does not pray during menstruation (haid) and postpartum bleeding (nifas). If she still prays at this time, she falls into sin. For the validity of worship, it is very important to learn how to correctly determine the beginning and end of the haid - because if you start praying before your periods are over, such prayers will not be valid, and vice versa, if you do not pray when your periods have already ended, it will turn out that you miss prayers without a good reason. In both cases, you will have to make up for missed prayers later. You can read about Hyde here. Prayers missed at this time (haida and nifasa) do not need to be made up.

Do I need to make up for missed prayers?- Missed prayers - for any reason (except those that were missed due to menstruation and postpartum bleeding) - must be made up! So if you overslept the morning prayer or were unable to pray at work or school, you must definitely make up for these prayers later.

If a person began to pray not with the onset of adulthood(in particular, a woman - not from the moment when her period began), but at a more mature age, is it necessary to make up for these prayers? - Yes, such prayers must be filled.

How to pray at work or school?—People often say that they are unable to pray at work or at an educational institution. These reasons are not considered valid - you should make every effort to find a time and place for prayer.

What if my parents do not allow me to pray?- If direct violence is not used against you (for example, you are not threatened to be killed or seriously maimed - and you must be sure that the threat will really be carried out!), And this is unlikely in the case of loved ones, you should start praying, despite their discontent. Your loved ones are not at home all day, they do not follow your every move - so choose a time when you are not being noticed, find a secluded place in the house and pray. Be patient and firm in your decision - inshaAllah, over time, your relatives will come to terms with your choice and will even respect you for your strength of character.

Is it possible for women to read namaz by a separate women's jamaat(not after a male imam, but to choose some knowledgeable sister and pray after her). Hanafi scholars consider such an action to be makruh tahrimi (close to forbidden), so one should refrain from it (although the scholars of the Shafi'i madhhab allow this).

Women sometimes ask: is it possible to pray with a child in her arms or what to do if, during prayer, the child climbs onto the back or into the arms of the mother (or touches her): In this article, you can read a detailed explanation of this issue “Prayer with a child in her arms”
Muslima (Anya) Kobulova

Based on materials from the Darul-Fikr website

The correct performance of the daily five times prayer is a condition for accepting the worship of the believer and receiving a reward from the Almighty. At the same time, in Islam, some concessions are provided for women in prayer.

On the Internet, you can find many sites and personal pages of Muslims teaching namaz. Some of them erroneously claim that there are no differences between men and women, except in the nuances of covering the awrah. This statement is only partly true, because in general, everyone performs the same rite of worship (it is described in detail), they read surahs from the Koran, the same prayers inside the prayer and at its completion, the order of actions in such elements as qiyam (standing) are the same , rukug (bow from the waist) and sujud (sajda, prostration). However, there are differences between genders. This is explained by the wisdom of our Creator, who took into account the male and female essence.

Main differences

As you know, all women in Islam are primarily prescribed modesty. And this is especially noticeable in prayer.

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) paid attention to the differences in the postures of brothers and sisters in faith during the prayer-salat, justifying this by the fact that a woman should perform the elements of worship more restrained, as Imam Baykhaki says in the work “Sunan al-Kubra": "All the rules of prayer, in which a woman differs from a man, are based on the principle of satr (concealment). This means that a woman should perform the prayer movements in such a way as to hide herself as much as possible.

Based on this, women not allowed to read aloud verses from the Koran, duas, azkars and everything that is read aloud during certain prayers. They do not make a call to prayer (azan), they do not say kamat (ikamat).

Woman in takbir raises arms only to shoulder level and put it on his chest. Thus, it covers this part of the body. According to Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, a Muslim woman should only raise her hands a little. There is also an opinion that she should not raise them at all.

While standing in qiyam, she must not spread elbows- it is supposed to press them to the body as much as possible, and you should also not spread your legs wide apart. According to the Hanafi madhhab, the distance between the feet is approximately equal to the width of four fingers.

In a waist bow (ruku’) woman should not arch your back and straighten it, bending as low as men. The fair sex is only required to lean forward slightly, while slightly bending the knees. This is done for the same purpose of maintaining modesty.

Bowing to the ground, like standing, implies maximum compactness. The woman presses her elbows to the body and to the floor, and the stomach to the hips. This posture allows you not to expose your body parts during prayer. For men, it is advisable to slightly spread their arms and leave such a distance between the thigh and the body so that the lamb can crawl through:

“When you go to sajda, then press a part of the flesh (body, torso, for example, elbows) to the ground, because a woman in this (i.e. prostration) is not like a man” (hadith narrated by al-Bayhaqi).

It is also necessary to focus on sitting between rak'ahs - tashahhud, when the prayer "at-tahiyat" is read and at the end of the prayer. If men sit on the left leg, and the right foot rests on the toe, then the female gender is prescribed to sit on the left buttock and place both legs on the right without arching the feet (more-in video). Sitting in prayer in this position allows a woman to hide her body to the greatest extent. All the founders of the Sunni madhhabs confirm this difference. In particular, Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal said: “In my opinion, for our sisters, “sadl” (putting both feet to the right side) is much better.”

In order to save a woman, she is recommended pray at home and not in the mosque. After all, even attending the collective holiday prayers and the Friday sermon is only a duty for men. In Islamic doctrine, a man receives a greater reward when performing prayer with a jamaat, especially in a mosque. For women, the reward increases when she reads a prayer at home, since the main purpose of a woman is to preserve the family hearth.

It should also be borne in mind that, unlike men, for Muslim women indulgences during haida periods () and nifasa(postpartum hemorrhage). These days it is not allowed to pray, fast and read the Koran. However, if the missed days of uraza in Ramadan should be made up within a year before the next month of fasting, then prayers are no longer re-read, and there will be no sin for this. This is another Grace of the Almighty, which allows women to leave prayer due to physiological reasons, because during this period the body weakens, and someone painfully endures the entire period.

Reading a collective prayer by women

The attitude in Islam towards a woman who becomes an imam in prayer is not reprehensible, and at the same time it is not approved. She is forbidden to lead a male jamaat. There are some other features that differ from the male collective prayer:

1) The imam woman does not move forward from the row of other Muslim women (for men, the imam stands in front and the first row of worshipers stands behind him).

2) If a woman who has taken on the role of imam makes a mistake in prayer, she is signaled by patting her right hand on the back of her left hand. In men, in similar cases, they say: "SubhanAllah."

3) The female gender is advised to confine itself to pronouncing "Iqamah" to itself. It is forbidden to read the azan aloud, even if the call to prayer is carried out in the presence of only women and even if it is done in a whisper or very quietly. This is condemned in Islam for women, unlike men, who should call for prayer with a loud and beautiful voice.

4) Reading the festive collective prayer for women is not forbidden, however, according to the faqihs, it is best if she does not go to the mosque, but performs a gayet-namaz (id-namaz) within the walls of the house. It is narrated in the hadith:

“Young girls who have not yet married, women who live behind the curtain in their homes, and women who have menstruation, let them go out of their homes, let them be witnesses of the blessings and prayers of believers. But let women who are menstruating stand apart from people who read prayers ”(narrated by Imam Bukhari).

5) It is allowed to read the collective Friday prayer for female representatives, but this is also not obligatory. A Muslim woman can perform the usual noon prayer at home, unlike men who are required to go to the mosque on Fridays for zuhr prayer.

On this you can view and download, as well as print the schedule of prayers in the cities of Russia.

The period of time during which a person must have time to perform the morning prayer is the time from the beginning of dawn to the beginning of sunrise. It lasts about an hour and a half. During sunrise (if it has already begun to rise above the horizon), prayer cannot be read. If the sun rises while praying, then the prayer is ruined.

Morning prayer consists of two prayers (sunnah and fard) which consist of two rak'ahs. The sunnah prayer is performed first, then the fard of the morning prayer.

The conditions for prayer are as follows - a person must be in a state of ritual ablution, the time for prayer must come, it is necessary to wear appropriate clean clothes (the place for reading prayer must also be clean), stand in the direction of the qibla, etc.

Sunnah prayer and fard morning prayers are performed in the same way (with the exception that men in fard prayer takbirs and the Koran read aloud and in the sunnah to themselves). Let us give an example of reading two rak'ah prayers. Audio recordings have also been added to the visual instructions for prayer, do not forget to listen to them in order to pronounce prayers correctly.

HOW THE MORNING Prayer Is Performed

1) Intention (Niyat)

Before starting the prayer, the first thing to do is to stand in the direction of the qibla and mentally pronounce the niyat (intention). The intention is not to get confused and to specifically decide what kind of prayer is being performed.

The intention is done like this, for example, before the Sunnah:

« I intend to perform two rak'ahs of the sunnah of the morning prayer.".

And before the fard, respectively:

« I intend to perform two rak'ahs of the fard of the morning prayer."

(You can use your own words if you like)

2) Saying Takbir

Having made the intention, we proceed to perform the prayer. Namaz begins with takbir (takbir - pronouncing the words "Allahu Akbar"). Simultaneously with the pronunciation of the takbir, we raise our hands at shoulder level as in the figure below. After this action, prayer begins and it is impossible to interrupt prayer without a good reason.

3) Qiyam (standing)

After pronouncing the takbir, you need to fold your hands on your chest (as in the figure below - the right palm is placed on the left hand) and proceed to reading the dua "Sana":

Subhanaka Allahhumma wa bihamdika,

ya tabarakasmuka,

wa ta'ala jadduka,

Aʼuzu billahi minash-shaitanir-rajim,

Bismillahi-r-Rahmani-r-Rahim.

4) Reading the Quran (qiraat)

Next, the sura "Al-Fatiha" is read, and any other short sura from the Koran is read (for example, we cited the sura "al-Kawthar"). At the end of Surah Al-Fatiha, you should say "Amin" ( "Amine" pronounced softly).

Surah Al-Fatiha

Ar-Rahmanir-Rahim

Maliki yaumid-din

Ihdinas-syratol-mustakym

(Amin - pronounced softly)

Surah Al-Kawthar

Inna a'toynakal-kausar

Bean li robbika uanhar

Inna shaniaka hual-abtar

5) Ruku '(bow from the waist)

After reading the Qur'an, saying takbir (Allahu Akbar), the worshiper makes a waist bow (see picture). Women, unlike men, do not bend much.

While in your hand, it is advisable to say praise to Allah three times to yourself:

“Subhana robbiyal-ʼazim,

Subhana robbiyal-ʼazim,

Subhana robbiyal-ʼazim".

6) Straightening

"Sami'allahu Estuary Hamidah"

"Rabbana (wa) lakal-hamd".

7) Sajda (bow to the earth)

Again we say takbir: "Allahu Akbar"

“Subhana robbiyal-aʼla

Subhana robbiyal-aʼla

Subhana robbiyal-aʼla.

8) Sitting between prostrations

"Allahu Akbar"

9) The second sajda (bow to the earth)

In prayer, the prostration is always done twice. Again we say takbir: "Allahu Akbar" and bow to the earth. The second bow is performed in the same way as the first one, we also pronounce it 3 times:

“Subhana robbiyal-aʼla

Subhana robbiyal-aʼla

Subhana robbiyal-aʼla.

And with the takbir "Allahu Akbar" we stand on our feet, the next rak'ah of prayer begins.

Pay attention after performing all these actions, one rak'ah of prayer ends and then it goes on as a repetition of the previous actions (rak'ah is like a set of certain actions of the prayer)

10) The second rak'ah. Standing (qiyam)

The next rak'ah of prayer begins with qiyam (standing). Returning to the qiyam position, one should read: Bismillahi-r-Rahmani-r-Rahim

11) Reading the Quran (qiraat)

Surah Al-Fatiha

Al-hamdu lillahi robbil-ʼalamin

Ar-Rahmanir-Rahim

Maliki yaumid-din

Iyyaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'in

Ihdinas-syratol-mustakym

Syratol-lyazina anʼamta ʼaleihim

Goyril Magdubi ʼaleihim wa lyad-doooollin

(Amin - pronounced softly)

Surah Al-Ihlyas

Kul huallahu ahad

Allahu-s-somad
Lam yalid wa lam yulad

Wa lam yakul-lahu kufuan ahad

12) Ruku '(bow from the waist)

After reading the Qur'an, saying takbir (Allahu Akbar), the worshiper makes a waist bow and three times to himself we pronounce praise to Allah:

“Subhana robbiyal-ʼazim,

Subhana robbiyal-ʼazim,

Subhana robbiyal-ʼazim".

13) Straightening

Straightening up after a waist bow, you must say:

"Sami'allahu Estuary Hamidah"

Straightening up, you should say:

"Rabbana (wa) lakal-hamd".

14) Sajda (prostration)

Again we say takbir: "Allahu Akbar", and bow down to the ground.

In this position, it is advisable to quietly pronounce the words of praise to Allah three times slowly:

“Subhana robbiyal-aʼla

Subhana robbiyal-aʼla

Subhana robbiyal-aʼla.

15) Sitting between prostrations

After the first bow to the earth, saying: "Allahu Akbar" sit on your left thigh, folding both legs to the right and placing your left foot on the shin of your right.

Stay in this position for as long as you can at least once say: "SubhanAllah." You can say (optional): "Robbie Gfir Lee, Robbie Gfir Lee".

Starting the day with worship to Allah Almighty is a duty for Muslims. Reading the obligatory prayer five times a day, the followers of the Final Messenger of God (LGV) constantly keep themselves in good shape, recharge with positive energy and a creative attitude in order to make the world around them better.

Sabah Prayer Procedure

Fajr prayer is very simple in its structure. It includes two rakats (rakats) sunnat and the same number - fard. In general, their execution is almost identical, with the exception of a few points, which will be mentioned below. Here we will describe how it is necessary to read the morning prayer using the example of two rak'ahs of fard. Follow this guide and also watch the video.

We pay attention that the positions of the body of the worshiper described later in the text apply to men. For the female, they are slightly.

2 rakahah fard morning prayers

Rakagat #1

Intention (niyat). Everything starts with an intention and will be judged by it - this is exactly the message of one of the most famous sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) (see the collections of Al-Bukhari and Muslim). Prayer is no exception. To perform this element of prayer, you do not need to memorize any special prayer formulas. It is enough just to think that now the time has come for Fajr prayer, and the believer is ready for it. You can also mentally formulate a phrase about the intention to pray (in any language). In Russian, it might sound something like this: "Oh Lord! I intend to recite two rak'ahs of the fard of the sabah prayer."

After pronouncing the intention, the believer, standing towards the kiibla, loudly pronounces takbir tahrim(the words "Allahu Akbar"), raises the hands to the level of the head (with the back of the palms back). The thumbs at this moment touch the earlobes (if the worshiper is a representative of the Hanafi or Maliki madhhab) or not (for Shafiites and Hanbalites). It is from this starting point that a person fully begins the morning prayer - he cannot be distracted, speak extraneous words, look at everything around. During the worship, one should stand quietly, quietly, directing his gaze to the place where the earthly bow will be performed.

Dua-sana. The believer folds his hands on his stomach so that the right palm clasps the left wrist with the extreme fingers of the hand. The Hanafis place their hands folded in this way below the navel, the Shafiites - above, and the Hanbalis are free to decide what is more convenient for them. The Malikis, on the other hand, freely put their hands down.

Having taken the described position (it is called qiyam), must read dua sana. There are certain differences in its formulation among the Shafiites and representatives of other areas of theological and legal thought of Sunni Islam. Here are both versions.

Shafiites read the following text:

“Wajahtu wajhiya lillazii fataras-samauaati ual-ard, haniifyam muslima, wa maa ana minal-mushrikiin, innas-salati wa nusuki, wa mahyaya wa mamati lilLyahi Rabbil-'alamiin, la sharika lyakh, wa bi zyalika die wa ana minal-muslimeen »

Translation:“I direct my face towards the One who created the heavens and the earth. I am not one of the polytheists who worship someone else, because, truly, my faith and actions based on it, life and death - all this is with Allah, Who is one and has no partners. This is what I am obliged to do, I am truly a believing Muslim.”

In other madhhabs another - shorter - text is read:

“Subhanyaka Allahummya wa bihamdika, wa tabarakasmukya, wa ta’ala jaddukya, wa la Ilyaha gairuk”

Translation: “Praise be to Thee, Supreme Creator! Your name is the greatest, nothing compares to it. No one is worthy to be equal to You. No one is worthy to worship him but You."

Koranic suras and verses in Qiyam. After the prayer-san, it is necessary to pronounce t'auuz and bismillah: "A'uzu billahi minashshaitanir-rajim, bismil-Lakhir-Rahmyanir-Rahim"(“I turn to Allah Almighty from the wiles of Satan, who must be stoned. In the name of Allah, the Gracious and Merciful”) and read aloud the first sura of the Qur'an "Al-Fatiha". It is followed by an additional sura (usually a short one, for example) or at least 3 verses from any other sura (if it is long).

Ruku (bow from the waist). After reading the sacred verses from the Book of Allah and saying takbir ("Allahu Akbar"), we go to the waist bow. To do this, we rest the center of the palms on the kneecaps, the back bends so as to be as parallel to the floor as possible. The gaze is fixed on the feet. That is, if you look at the prayer from the side, then his position will be similar to the letter "G". In a waist bow, the believer says the formula three times: "Subhanya Rabbial-‘Azym" (“The most pure [from everything bad, negative] is our Lord”). Then he says the formula "Sami'Allahu limyan Hyamide" (“Allah Almighty knows everything, all the glorifications [that come to Him]”). Having said this, the worshiper leaves the waist bow and takes a vertical position (here the hands are lowered at the seams), after which he says once the phrase "Rabbanya, LaKal-hyamde" (“O Lord of the worlds! All these praises are directed to You”).

Sajda (bow to the earth) or sujud). proclaiming the takbir ("Allahu Akbar"), we begin to bow to the ground, lowering our knees to the surface of the floor, and then our hands and head. Forehead and nose touch the floor, eyes remain open. The hands are placed at the level of the head so that the elbows are raised above the floor. For Shafiites, the palms are on the line of the shoulders, the elbows are also torn off the floor. The Hanbalis bow to the ground in a different way: at the beginning they touch the floor with their hands, and only after them do their knees.

Lowering his head to the floor, the worshiper says three times to himself: "Subhanya Rabbi al-A'la" (“Pure [from any negativity] My Great Lord”). After that, the worshiper pronounces the takbir and leaves the sajda for a few seconds, sitting on his left foot and holding his right in the so-called half position - the weight of the body does not fall on it, it is slightly removed to the side, while the toes are turned in the direction of the qibla. The hands are on the knees. Further, the believer, having said takbir, again goes into a state of prostration, where he pronounces the same phrase "Subhanya Rabbi al-A'la".

The return from sujud marks the takbir and the upright position of qiyam. We proceed to the next rakahat of the fard part of the Fajr prayer.

Rakagat #2

Here, in qiyam, the believer no longer reads dua-san, but immediately proceeds to the Fatiha sura, followed by an additional one (for example,). Further, everything is similar to the previous rakagat - ruku 'and sajda.

Differences begin at the end of the Sujud. In the 2nd rakagat, after prostration, the person sits down in the same position as in the middle of both prostrations. It's called ku'ud(from Arabic literally - "sitting"). In this position, it is pronounced to oneself dua tashahhud:

“At-tahiyatu lillahi was-salyawatu wat-tayyibat. Assalamu ‘alayka, ayyuhannabiyu, wa rahmatullahi wabarakyatuhu. Assalamu ‘alayna wa ‘ala ‘yibadillahi-s-salihiin. Ashkhadu al-la-ilaha illa-Llahu, wa ashhadu an-na Muhammadan gabduhu wa Rasulukh "

Translation:“Our greetings, prayers, supplications and praises to You, Almighty. Peace be upon you, our Prophet, mercy on you from Allah Almighty, Lord of the Worlds, and His blessings. I testify that there is no one who could be worthy of worship except Allah Almighty. I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger."

Often dua-tashshahud is accompanied by special gestures. At the moment of pronouncing “Ashkhadu al-la-ilyaha illa-Llahu”, the index finger of the right hand is raised until the second part of the testimony “wa ashkhadu an-na ...” begins.

Then comes another prayer - dua salavat:

“Allahumma sally ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala Ali Muhammad. Kama salaita ‘ala Ibrahim wa ‘ala Ali Ibrahim. Innyaka hamidun majid. Allahumma barik ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala Ali Muhammad. Kama baraktya ‘ala Ibrahima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahima, innyaka hamidun majid”

Translation:“Oh, Almighty Allah! Bless Muhammad and his family as You blessed Ibrahim and his family. Verily, You are worthy of praise. Oh, Supreme Creator! Send blessings to Muhammad and his family as You blessed Ibrahim and his family. Verily, You are worthy of glory and praise.”

Salawat is followed by part of the verse from Surah Al-Baqarah:

"Rabbani-attiina fid-dunya hasanatyau-wa fil ahirati hasanatau wa kyyna gazabannar" (2:201)

Translation: “O our Great Lord! Grant us goodness in this world and the Eternal world. Provide us with protection from Hell and its torments."

The prayer reads this to himself, as well as tashakhhud with salavat.

Taslim (greeting). Finally, the greeting time comes when the one who reads the prayer turns his head first to the right and then to the left, looking at his shoulders. At each turn, say aloud the words: "As-salamu galaykum wa rahmatullaa." (“Greetings to you and the mercy of Allah”).“You” here means other believers who pray nearby, angels who record our deeds, and Muslim genies.

Then the one who prays says three times "Astaghfirullakhi" ("Forgive me, Allah Almighty") and speaks out loud dua greetings:

“Allahumma, Antas-salamu waminKyas-salaam. Tabarakta I zal-jalali wal-ikram"

Translation: "OAlmighty Allah! You are the world, and You are the source of the world. Grant us Your blessing."

While making this final dua, one should keep the hands in front of the chest. Having completed it, “amen” is pronounced, and the believer rubs his face with his palms. This concludes the two rak'ahs of the fard part of the Sabah prayer.

Sunnat in 2 rak'ahs

As mentioned above, the sunnat in Fajr prayer practically does not differ from the obligatory part of the prayer. It is only necessary to remember that takbirs, Qur'anic suras and other elements that are pronounced loudly in fard are not spoken aloud during the rak'ahs of the sunnat. In addition, it must be recalled that 2 rakahats of the sunnat in the Sabah prayer precede the fard.

Dua-kunut as part of the Fajr prayer

This is perhaps one of the few discussion points that relate to this prayer. True, the level of intensity in discussions between different theological and legal schools is relatively low. In particular, the Shafiites are sure that the dua-kunut is a sunnah, since its reading was practiced by the Prophet (s.g.v.). The basis for such a statement is a hadith in the collection of al-Hakim, which tells how in the fard part of the morning prayer, the Grace of the Worlds Muhammad (s.g.v.) after leaving the hand ’ in the 2nd rakahah, raising his hands to the level of his chest, he read the following dua:

“Allahummya, ihdinya (a) fimya (a) n hyadyaytya vya gafinya (a) fimya (a) n ‘afaytya. Vya tyavallyana fiimyan tyavallyaita. Vya bya (a) rik lyan (a) fi name (a) a’taykya. Vya kynya (a) shyarra me (a) kadayta. Fiinnyakya takdi va la (a) yuqda ‘alaikya. Vya innahu la ya’izzu myan ‘adyaita. Tyabya (a) raktya Rabban (a) I pull (a) lie. Falyakal-hyamdu ‘ala (a) me (a) kadayta. Nyastyagfirukya ya nyatuubu ilyakya. Vya sally-lLahummya gala (a) sayyidinya (a) Muhammyadin, an-Nyabiyi-l-ummiyi vya gala (a) aalihi vya sahibihi vya sallim "

Translation: "Oh Great Lord! Make us the same as You made those who, by Your will, are on the straight path - guide us along this path! We ask You to protect us from adversity, like those who were delivered from this by You! Grant us a blessing on what You have ordained for us. Protect us from evil! It is You who rules everything, and Your decision changes everything. No one who has received Your support can be harmed. No one can achieve strength and power who is deprived of Your mercy. Your blessings are great, You are pure from everything negative that can be attributed to You due to ignorance or unbelief. Forgive us, Almighty. And we ask for blessings for our Prophet Muhammad and his family, as well as his Sahaba.

Hanafis and other Sunnis consider the hadeeth from al-Hakim to be weak. In addition, there is an opinion according to which the Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.) read dua-kunut in the Fajr prayer for only one month, but after him he abandoned this practice.

If you adhere to the Shafi'i madhhab and are going to say dua-kunut in sabah prayer, then you need to follow this routine:

Coming out of the waist bow and saying "Rabbanya, LaKal-hyamde", keep your hands at chest level, pointing your palms to the sky, and read the above text of the dua-kunut. Next, go to sujud and complete the prayer, as described above.

The time of the morning prayer begins from the moment the dawn appears and lasts until the beginning of sunrise. Morning prayer consists of four rak'ahs, two of which are sunnah and two are fard. First, 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah are performed, then 2 rak'ahs of the fard.

Sunnah of Morning Prayer

First rak'ah

"I intend for the sake of Allah to perform 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah of the morning (Fajr or Subh) prayer". (Fig. 1)

"Allahu Akbar"

Then and (Fig. 3)

Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"azim" "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah" after you speak "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"(Fig. 4)

After you speak "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya" "Allahu Akbar"

And again with words "Allahu Akbar" sink into soot again and say again: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar" rise from soot to the second rak'ah. (Fig. 6)

Second rak'ah

speak "Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim"(Fig. 3)

Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar" and make a hand "(bow from the waist). In the bow, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"azim"- 3 times. After the hand, straighten the body to a vertical position, saying: "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah" after you speak "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"(Fig. 4)

After you speak "Allahu Akbar", perform soot (bow to the earth). When performing soot, you must first kneel down, then lean on both hands, and only after that, touch the place of soot with your forehead and nose. In bow, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar" rise from soot to a sitting position after pausing in this position for 2-3 seconds (Fig. 5)

And again with the words "Allahu Akbar" again sink into soot and say again: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After pronounce "Allahu Akbar" Learn from the sedentary position and read the Arc Attachyat "Attachyaty Lillyah Vassalavaty Wayyibyatu. Assalemy Aleik Ayyhannabiyua Va Rakhmatyllahi UA Barakatyh. Assalyamy Alena Va Galya Galyhbadillahi S-Salikhih. Ashkhad Ashkhady Anna Mukhammadan. Then you read Salavat "Allahuma sally ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad, kama sallayaita ala Ibrahim wa ala ali Ibrahim, innakya Hamidum-Majid. Allahuma, barik ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad, kama barakta ala Ibrahima wa ala ali Ibrahim-Majidum-Majid Hamidum "Then read du" and Rabban. (Fig. 5)

Say a greeting: with a turn of the head, first towards the right shoulder, and then towards the left. (Fig. 7)

This completes the prayer.

Then we read two fard rak'ats. Fard of morning prayer. In principle, fard and sunnah prayers are no different from each other, only the intention that you perform fard prayers for men also changes, as well as those who have become imams in prayer need to read suras and takbirs aloud "Allahu Akbar".

Fard of Morning Prayer

The fard of morning prayer, in principle, is no different from the sunnah of prayer, only the intention that you perform fard prayer for men, as well as those who have become an imam in prayer, you need to read surah al-Fatiha and a short surah, takbirs "Allahu Akbar", some dhikrs out loud.

First rak'ah

Standing, make the intention (niyat) to perform prayer: "I intend for the sake of Allah to perform 2 rak'ahs of the morning (Fajr or Subh) fard prayer". (Fig. 1)

Raise both hands, fingers apart, palms facing Qibla, to ear level, touching earlobes with thumbs (women raise their hands at chest level) and say "Allahu Akbar", then place the right hand with the palm on the left hand, clasping the little finger and thumb of the right hand around the wrist of the left hand, and lower the hands folded in this way just below the navel (women put their hands at chest level). (Fig. 2)

Standing in this position, read du'a Sana "Subhaanakya allahumma va bihamdika, va tabaarakyasmuka, va ta'alaya jadduka, va laya ilyayahe gairuk", then "Auzu billahi minashshaitaanir-rajim" and "Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim" after reading sura al-Fatiha "Alhamdu lillahi rabbil" alamin. Arrahmanir-rahim. Maaliki Yaumiddin. Iyyakya na "bydy va iyyakya nasta" yn. Ikhdina s-syraatal mustekim. Syraatallyazina an "amta" aleihim gairil magdubi "aleihim valad-daaaalliin. Aamin!" after sura al-Fatiha, we read another short sura or one long verse, for example, sura al-Kyausar "Inna a" taynakya l Kyausar. fasally li rabbika uanhar. inna shani akya huva l-abtar" "Amine" pronounced to oneself) (Fig. 3)

Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"azim"- 3 times. After the hand, straighten the body to a vertical position, saying: "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah" "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"(Fig. 4)

After you speak "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar"

And again with words "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar"(Imam, as well as men read aloud) rise from soot to the second rak'ah. (Fig. 6)

Second rak'ah

speak "Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim" then read sura al-Fatiha "Alhamdu lillahi rabbil" alamin. Arrahmanir-rahim. Maaliki Yaumiddin. Iyyakya na "bydy va iyyakya nasta" yn. Ikhdina s-syraatal mustekim. Syraatallyazina an "amta" aleihim gairil magdubi "aleihim valad-daaaalliin. Aamin!" after sura al-Fatiha, we read another short sura or one long verse, for example, sura al-Ikhlas "Kul huva Allahu Ahad. Allahu s-samad. Lam yalid wa lam yuulad. Wa lam yakullahuu kufuvan ahad"(Sura al-Fatiha and a short sura imam, as well as men read aloud, "Amine" pronounced to oneself) (Fig. 3)

Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar"(imam, as well as men read aloud) and make a hand "(bow from the waist). In the bow, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"azim"- 3 times. After the hand, straighten the body to a vertical position, saying: "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah"(imam, as well as men read aloud) after you say "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"(Fig. 4)

After you speak "Allahu Akbar"(the imam, as well as men read aloud), perform sazd (prostration). When performing soot, you must first kneel down, then lean on both hands, and only after that, touch the place of soot with your forehead and nose. In bow, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar"(the imam, as well as men read aloud) rise from the soot to a sitting position, after pausing in this position for 2-3 seconds (Fig. 5)

And again with words "Allahu Akbar"(the imam, as well as the men read aloud) sink into soot again and say again: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After pronounce "Allahu Akbar"(Imam, as well as men read aloud) rise from soot to a sitting position and read the arc Attahiyat "Attahiyaty lillahi vassalavaty watayibat. Anna Muhammadan. Gabdyhu wa rasylyukh ". Then you read Salavat "Allahuma sally ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad, kama sallayaita ala Ibrahim wa ala ali Ibrahim, innakya Hamidum-Majid. Allahuma, barik ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad, kama barakta ala Ibrahima wa ala ali Ibrahim-Majidum-Majid Hamidum "Then read du" and Rabbana "Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan va fil-akhirati hasanat va kyna ‘azaban-nar". (Fig. 5)

Say the greeting: "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah"(the imam, as well as men read aloud) with the head turned first towards the right shoulder, and then towards the left. (Fig. 7)

Raise your hand to make du "a "Allahumma anta-s-salamu wa minka-s-salaam! Tabarakta ya za-l-jalali wa-l-ikram" This completes the prayer.