How much gas is left? Determination of remainder, quantity, fullness. Pressure of liquefied propane - butane. Full, filled propane tank. Calculation of gas in a cylinder Is it possible to smoke in a car with HBO

Oxygen

The parameters and dimensions of oxygen cylinders can be viewed according to GOST 949-73 “Small and medium steel cylinders for gases at Рр ≤ 19.7 MPa”. The most popular are cylinders with volumes of 5, 10 and 40 liters.

According to GOST 5583-78 “Gaseous technical and medical oxygen” (Appendix 2), the volume of gaseous oxygen in the cylinder (V) in cubic meters at normal conditions calculated by the formula:

Vb — cylinder capacity, dm3;

K1 - coefficient for determining the volume of oxygen in a cylinder under normal conditions, calculated by the formula

K 1 = (0.968P + 1) * *

P - gas pressure in the cylinder, measured by a pressure gauge, kgf/cm2;

0.968 - coefficient for converting technical atmospheres (kgf/cm2) into physical ones;

t - gas temperature in the cylinder, °C;

Z is the oxygen combustion coefficient at temperature t.

The values of coefficient K1 are given in Table 4, GOST 5583-78.

Let's calculate the volume of oxygen in the most common cylinder in construction: a volume of 40 liters with a working pressure of 14.7 MPa (150 kgf/cm2). Coefficient K1 is determined according to Table 4, GOST 5583-78 at a temperature of 15°C:

V = 0.159 40 = 6.36m3

Conclusion (for the case under consideration): 1 cylinder = 40l = 6.36m3

Propane-butane

The parameters and dimensions of oxygen cylinders for propane, butane and their mixtures can be viewed according to GOST 15860-84. Currently, four types of these products are used, with volumes of 5, 12, 27 and 50 liters.

Under normal atmospheric conditions and a temperature of 15°C, the density of propane in the liquid state is 510 kg/m3, and butane 580 kg/m3. Propane in the gas state at atmospheric pressure and temperature 15°C is 1.9 kg/m3, and butane is 2.55 kg/m3. Under normal atmospheric conditions and a temperature of 15°C, 0.392 m3 of gas is formed from 1 kg of liquid butane, and 0.526 m3 from 1 kg of propane.

Let's calculate the weight of the propane-butane mixture in the most common cylinder in construction: volume 50 with a maximum gas pressure of 1.6 MPa. The proportion of propane according to GOST 15860-84 must be at least 60% (note 1 to Table 2):

50l = 50dm3 = 0.05m3;

0.05 m3 (510 0.6 + 580 0.4) = 26.9 kg

But due to the gas pressure limitation of 1.6 MPa on the walls, more than 21 kg cannot be filled into a cylinder of this type.

Let's calculate the volume of the propane-butane mixture in the gaseous state:

21kg (0.526 0.6 + 0.392 0.4) = 9.93 m3

Conclusion (for the case under consideration): 1 cylinder = 50l = 21kg = 9.93m3

Acetylene

The parameters and dimensions of acetylene cylinders can be viewed according to GOST 949-73 “Small and medium steel cylinders for gases at Рр ≤ 19.7 MPa”. The most popular are cylinders with volumes of 5, 10 and 40 liters. The body of an acetylene cylinder differs from the body of an oxygen cylinder in its smaller size.

At a pressure of 1.0 MPa and a temperature of 20 °C, a 40-liter cylinder holds 5 - 5.8 kg of acetylene by mass (4.6 - 5.3 m3 of gas at a temperature of 20 °C and 760 mmHg).

The approximate amount of acetylene in the cylinder (determined by weighing) can be determined by the formula:

Va = 0.07 E (P – 0.1)

0.07 – coefficient, which takes into account the amount of acetone in the cylinder and the solubility of acetylene.

E – water volume of the cylinder in cubic dm;

P – pressure in the cylinder, MPa (pressure 1.9 MPa (19.0 kgf/cm2) at 20 °C according to GOST 5457-75 “Dissolved and gaseous technical acetylene”);

0.1 – atmospheric pressure in MPa;

Weight of 1 m3 of acetylene at a temperature of 0°C and 760 mmHg. is 1.17 kg.

Weight of 1 cubic meter of acetylene at a temperature of 20°C and 760 mm Hg. is 1.09 kg.

Let's calculate the volume of acetylene in a 40 liter cylinder with a working pressure of 1.9 MPa (19 kgf/cm2) at a temperature of 20°C:

Va = 0.07 40 (1.9 – 0.1) = 5.04 m3

Weight of acetylene in a 40 liter cylinder with a working pressure of 1.9 MPa (19 kgf/cm2) at a temperature of 20°C:

5.04 1.09 = 5.5kg

Conclusion (for the case under consideration): 1 cylinder = 40l = 5.5kg = 5.04m3

Carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide)

Carbon dioxide (according to GOST 8050-85 “Gaseous and liquid carbon dioxide”) is used as a shielding gas for electric welding work. Mixture composition: CO2; Ar + CO2 ; Ar + CO2 + O2. Manufacturers can also label it as a mixture MIX1 - MIX5.

At a working pressure of carbon dioxide in the cylinder of 14.7 MPa (150 kgf/cm2), filling factor: 0.60 kg/l; at 9.8 MPa (100 kgf/cm2) – 0.29 kg/l; at 12.25 MPa (125 kgf/cm2) – 0.47 kg/l.

The volumetric weight of carbon dioxide in the gaseous state is 1.98 kg/m³, under normal conditions.

Let's calculate the weight of carbon dioxide in the most common cylinder in construction: a volume of 40 liters with a working pressure of 14.7 MPa (150 kgf/cm2).

40l 0.6 = 24kg

Let's calculate the volume of carbon dioxide in the gaseous state:

24kg / 1.98 kg/m3 = 12.12m3

Conclusion (for the case under consideration): 1 cylinder = 40l = 24kg = 12.12m3

Here are the most frequently asked questions about the installation and operation of gas equipment. Some issues are covered in full, others are discussed in separate articles and references are provided. Let's go...

What gas is used in LPG?

LPG uses liquefied natural gas (aka propane, aka propane-butane, aka LPG) or compressed natural gas (aka CNG, aka methane, aka CNG). Since methane is poorly distributed in Russia, in the future we will talk about propane and equipment for it. Propane is the third most used motor fuel in the world.

Is HBO dangerous in a car?

No, it's not dangerous. A car running on gas is safer than a car running on gasoline. The gas itself is neutral. Its flash point is higher than that of gasoline or diesel fuel. A mixture of gas and air is dangerous, therefore, in a gas cylinder, unlike a gas tank, there is no air, which means there is no explosive mixture. Modern gas cylinders are equipped with four safety valves, which eliminate the possibility of explosion or gas leakage.

How profitable is installing LPG?

Installing gas equipment is beneficial for most cars. This issue is discussed separately in the article “Installing HBO: advantages and disadvantages.” To calculate the benefits of using it on your car, use the payback calculator for installing LPG.

What cars are gas equipment installed on?

Technical solutions exist for any car: gasoline and diesel, injection and carburetor, with direct and distributed injection, with or without a turbine. The only question is economic feasibility: installation on some cars costs big money and will pay off for more than one year.

What does the cost of HBO consist of?

The installation price consists of the price of equipment and the price of labor. Work in installation centers costs almost the same. The difference depends on several factors:
- car engine: number of cylinders and power
- equipment brand
- reducer type: with a combined gas valve or with a separate one
- type and quality of injector ramp
- type and capacity of the gas cylinder
- gas pipeline material
- quality of consumables
Some install expensive equipment and warn about it, others adhere to the golden mean, others dump and assemble kits from outright trash.
I advise you not to rush into cheap options and carefully discuss the package before installation. The saying “the miser pays twice” has not been canceled.

How long does installation take?

Complete installation of HBO takes 1 business day.

Is it possible to install HBO yourself?

If you have enough skills, you can do it. But such an installation will result in a number of difficulties in the future:
- You may not have a special tool at the right time
- You will not register the equipment with the traffic police
- It is unlikely that you will configure the software correctly
- You will not pressurize the cylinder
- You will not have a manufacturer's warranty on the equipment.
then there are serious restrictions and I advise you to think about it before making a decision about self-installation. Entrust it to an authorized center, where trained specialists will help you select equipment and install LPG on your car in accordance with current rules and standards.

Will the car run on gasoline after installing LPG?

Yes, gas equipment allows you to switch to gasoline manually at any time. When the gas runs out, the car will automatically switch to gasoline and signal about it.
For people who travel long distances, a redundant fuel system is an advantage. If problems arise with one fuel, you can switch to another.

Are there any risks when installing HBO?

When installing the LPG by a certified technician and regularly servicing it, there are no risks of use.

What are the warranties for gas equipment?

The electronic control unit and gearbox are guaranteed for 2 years or 80,000 km. For other components - 1 year or 75 thousand km.

Does HBO affect engine life?

Gas equipment facilitates engine operation. The use of gas equipment allows you to increase the service life of the engine and fuel system 1.5–2 times. The effect of gas on the engine is described in the article “Installing gas equipment: advantages and disadvantages”

What changes in a car when installing HBO?

HBO components are additional and do not replace gasoline elements. At any time, gas equipment can be removed and the car can be restored to its original state.
An electronic control unit with sensors and wiring, a gas reducer, a filter and a gas injector ramp are installed under the hood. Gas is supplied to the engine through inserts into the intake manifold.
Gas lines from a gas cylinder are supplied to the reducer. It is located in the trunk or in the spare wheel well. A remote filling device is connected to the gas cylinder. It is brought out into the gas tank flap, crashes into the bumper, or is carried under the bumper. A separate article will be devoted to the installation of gas cylinders and VZU

Is it mandatory to register gas equipment with the traffic police?

Yes, according to the law, the installed gas equipment must be registered with the traffic police. The installation procedure for HBO is as follows:
- Fill out an “Application for changes to the design of a vehicle (TC)” at the Department of Registration and Technical Inspection of Vehicles of the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate at the place of vehicle registration.
- Obtain permission for installation based on this application.
- Install gas equipment in a certified installation center
- With a package of documents from the installation center, obtain from the traffic police “Certificate of compliance of the vehicle design with safety requirements.”
This will be a document stating that the car was converted to gas legally. A separate article will be devoted to the registration of HBO with the traffic police.

How much will gas consumption increase compared to gasoline?

Depending on the quality of the HBO setting and the ratio of propane and butane in the mixture, gas consumption will exceed gasoline consumption by 10–15%.

How does the dynamics of a car change on gas?

Gas burns slower than gasoline. Its use reduces the load on the piston group, but causes a deterioration in dynamics. For 2nd generation HBO by 20%, for 4th generation HBO by 2–5% (depending on the compression ratio). We discussed this issue in the article “Myths about HBO: truth or fiction?”

Why do engine errors occur when installing LPG?

Engine errors occur for various reasons. When operating HBO, they are often related to the quality of the gas-air mixture: too rich or too lean. To solve the problem, stop by the service center and the technician will correct the gas map so that the error does not occur.

How does HBO affect the lambda probe?

HBO does not in any way affect the performance of the lambda probe. Modern gas equipment, on the contrary, uses this data in its work.

How often should you change the air filter after installing LPG?

The procedure for replacing the air filter is established by the vehicle manufacturer and does not change when installing an LPG.

How often should you adjust engine valves after installing LPG?

The procedure for adjusting engine valves is established by the vehicle manufacturer and does not change when installing an LPG.

Periodicity maintenance gas equipment

Replacement of the vapor phase filter - every 10,000 km. at least once a year
Check the system for leaks every 10,000 km.
Replacing the high pressure filter - every 30,000 km
Checking and configuring software - if necessary.
Maintenance should be carried out at a specialized service center. The work is carried out by a certified specialist.

Where is it installed? gas cylinder?

Depending on the design of the car, the gas cylinder is installed in the trunk, in the spare wheel well (passenger cars), under the body (SUVs), on the roof or on the side (buses, gazelles). Convenient option For passenger cars- into the spare wheel niche. This way the trunk space remains free. For cars with spare wheels R13-14, cylinders with a volume of 35 to 42 liters are suitable, for R15-16 from 53 to 60 liters. In sedans with non-folding rear seats, it is possible to install a cylindrical cylinder between the wheel arches.

How to find out the remaining gas in the cylinder?

The gas remaining indicator can be displayed on the fuel switch button. The accuracy of the indicator readings is low, since there are only 5 LEDs on the button. It is more correct to navigate by mileage, resetting it to zero at each refueling. Once you measure your mileage on a full tank, you will know how much fuel is left.

How to fill up with gas?

The car is filled with gas through a remote filling device. It is installed in the trunk, crashes into the bumper, into the gas filler flap, or is mounted under the bumper. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. VZU under the bumper is cheap, but it is often dirty. In the trunk - cheap and convenient, but when you disconnect the filling nozzle, gas enters the trunk. The smell of gas remains for some time. VZU in the gas tank flap is convenient, but expensive. You have to carry an adapter with you and screw it in every time you fill up. Not installed on every car. There is a risk of scratching the car with a broken pistol. VZU in the bumper - convenient, cheap, susceptible to contamination. Depending on the installation budget, I recommend installing the VZU in the gas tank flap or embedding it into the bumper.

Where is the fuel switch button installed?

The fuel switch button is installed in the car interior to make it convenient for the driver to use. It can be installed on a false button, on a panel next to the ignition switch or on the gearbox dashboard.

What types of gas cylinders are there?

For propane-butane, 2 types of cylinders are produced: cylindrical and toroidal. Cylindrical ones are installed in the trunk between the arches, and toroidal ones are installed in the spare wheel niche.
The structure and installation of gas cylinders is discussed in a separate article
How much gas does the cylinder contain when refilling?
According to safety standards, the gas cylinder is filled to 80%. The remaining 20% is used as a vapor cushion, so when the liquid gas is heated, the pressure in the cylinder remains normal and it will not explode. A standard 53-liter cylinder holds 42 liters of gas.

How long does it take to refill a cylinder?

Before the cutoff, the cylinder is refilled in three to five minutes.
How often should the cylinder be checked? According to the current rules, re-examination of automobile gas cylinders is carried out every 2 years. A re-inspection certificate is required to pass the technical inspection.

How is maintenance carried out on vehicles equipped with LPG?

When undergoing technical inspection, owners of cars with gas equipment must, in addition to the standard set of documents, have with them a passport for the cylinder, a certificate of installation of gas equipment on the car, and a copy of the installer’s certificate for the right to install gas equipment.

What is VZU?

VZU - “Remote filling device”. The car is filled with gas through it. It has a built-in check valve, which prevents gas from escaping from the cylinder and gas tube when the filling nozzle is turned off.
VZU installation options:
- Under the rear bumper of the car or on the tow bar;
- In the rear bumper of the car. Installed in a plastic casing;
- In the gas tank flap. When refilling, a removable adapter is used.

Is it possible to smoke in a car with HBO?

Can. Installing HBO does not impose additional restrictions on the use of the car.

Does gas equipment work in winter?

Yes, in winter the HBO operates normally. Read more about this in the article: Peculiarities of using HBO in winter.

Why can't you start on gas?

In the 4th generation HBO, already evaporated gas is supplied to the nozzles. To transform a gas from a liquid to a gaseous state, a certain amount of energy must be spent on heating it. When gas transitions from the liquid phase to the vapor phase, the heat energy of the coolant is absorbed (about 40 degrees). Therefore, if you switch to gas on a cold engine, the membranes inside the gearbox will lose elasticity and tear. Then the gearbox will fail. For this reason, the switch to gas is carried out at a coolant temperature of at least 45 degrees.

Why is gas more expensive in winter?

In accordance with GOST 20448–80, a distinction is made between summer and winter gas mixtures. Chemical properties propane and butane are different, so in summer they are mixed in proportions: 40% to 60%, and in winter 60% to 40%. Hence the difference in price.

HBO does not work. What is the reason?

Gas equipment can fail for various reasons. In order not to guess, contact qualified specialists - they will help solve the problem.

When such a question arises at home, it is easy to answer. We put the cylinder on the scale, take the readings, subtract the mass of the empty cylinder - and you're done! But what if you need to get this information on a hike?

There are at least three methods for determining the remaining gas in a cylinder that can be used in this case. Here they are, starting with the most accurate:

1. Condensate method
2. Floating balloon method
3. Shaking the container.

Everyone who has used the third number is familiar with gas burner or a lamp. Every time we pick up a cylinder, we automatically shake it to feel how much fuel is left in it. The accuracy of this method is far from true. But, you can show everyone what a cool and experienced tourist you are :)

The most accurate method is to determine the residue by condensate. Observe the balloon in the morning or while cooking. At suitable humidity, you will notice small drops of condensation on the surface of the cylinder. The level where the condensate ends corresponds to the gas level in the cylinder. When determining residues using this method, do not forget that the bottom of the cylinder is concave.

The floating balloon method is only slightly inferior in accuracy to the “condensate” method, but for it you do not need to wait for suitable humidity, but rather find a natural container of water (a rain puddle, a depression below a spring, any pond or stream). If you use a small cylinder, then a camping pot half filled with water will suffice. Now I will tell you in more detail about this method.

First, let's prepare: put markings on the cylinder. We lower the fully filled cylinder upside down into a container of water, holding it in an upright position. Using a waterproof marker, mark the level to which the cylinder has been submerged.

Then we do the same with the empty cylinder. If you do not have an empty one, you can continue marking when you have used up the gas from the full cylinder.

On a hike, when you need to find out the remaining gas, we lower the cylinder into any body of water and see to what level it has sunk. The closer the water level is to the bottom mark (when the cylinder is upside down), the less gas remains in the cylinder.

It is better to lower the cylinder into water with a plastic cap on to avoid water getting into the thread. Any water that has penetrated under the hood must be removed.

For those who use Kovea cylinders with a capacity of 450 grams, I’ll tell you a secret: the marks are located at a distance of 60 mm and 105 mm from the bottom of the cylinder.

If you know other methods, please share the information :)

Thank you for reading About Hiking!

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How to find out how full a cylinder is. What gas pressure is guaranteed during replacement? What is the relationship between the pressure in a propane tank and the amount of gas remaining? How to determine whether the cylinder was completely filled or deceived? (10+)

How to find out how much gas is in the cylinder? Pressure after refueling and during operation

The material is an explanation and addition to the article:
Household gas cylinders.
Safe Operation household gas cylinders.

Unfortunately, errors are periodically found in articles; they are corrected, articles are supplemented, developed, and new ones are prepared. Subscribe to the news to stay informed.

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Ask a question. Discussion of the article.

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If a gasoline level indicator is a mandatory attribute on the instrument panel in the interior of any car, then monitor the presence of fuel in the car with gas equipment it is not always possible. For example, a 4th generation electromechanical gas level sensor is provided as standard equipment for propane equipment. The 2nd generation is equipped only with a mechanical dial indicator on the multi-valve of the cylinder, but it is not very accurate. And it’s more convenient to control the gas level by looking at the indicator in the car’s interior, rather than in the trunk. It is possible to check the remaining methane, due to its gaseous state, only by the pressure shown by a standard pressure gauge.

Without special instruments, the approximate gas remaining () can only be determined experimentally (by mileage). After the cylinder is fully refilled, the speedometer counter (odometer) is reset to zero, and the car is operated exclusively at gas fuel until it is completely exhausted. After this, the distance traveled is recorded and the specific gas consumption is determined, which will serve as an indicator for further trips.

Obviously, the accuracy and ease of use of the above method leaves much to be desired for several reasons:

the conscientiousness of the gas station attendants does not always meet expectations;
influence of climatic conditions during movement;
manner of operation of transport.

Therefore, to find out how much gas is left in the cylinder, it is wiser to take advantage of the fruits of technological progress.

Types of sensors

Gas level sensors of the fourth generation of propane gas systems (they are also called fuel level sensors - FLS) can be classified according to two main parameters:

by resistance (for most models it is 50 kOhm or 90 Ohm);
by the number of contacts (there can be two or three).

HBO sensors (resistive and with microcircuit)

The 4th generation HBO FLS is equipped with an arrow and is installed on a multivalve. This device is an independent indicator; it also transmits readings to the gas/petrol switch (button) with LED indication. The button has 4 (less often 3) green and one red lights, which light up when the gas level drops to 5-10% of the volume, while the triple beeps beep and the system switches to gasoline. The display step is about 10 l. Not that it’s very informative, but the gasoline sensor is far from ideal in this regard.

The most “advanced” solution is to display the gas level on the standard fuel gauge, when the gasoline indicator located on the dashboard operates in two modes. That is, if the engine runs on gasoline, the device shows the remaining gasoline, and when switching to a gas mixture, the sensor “reorients” accordingly. This method is only possible by tampering with the car’s dashboard and altering the fuel injection system of the HBO. In addition, this idea cannot be implemented on all machines.

Video material about the implementation of the 4th generation gas level sensor on the instrument panel:

Also, not so long ago electronic digital (touch) gas quantity indicators appeared on sale. Such a sensor operates autonomously, without communication with elements of gas equipment. A special emitter is connected to the bottom of the cylinder, where it calculates the fuel level and projects the readings onto an indicator in the car’s interior.

Ultrasonic level sensor

For methane gas equipment there is also a pressure gauge with a gas pressure indication output to the car interior.

Electronic digital indicator (methane pressure gauge)

Design and principle of operation of gas sensors

The level of the liquid fraction of the propane-butane mixture in the cylinder is fixed by a float, the same as in a gasoline tank. However, the gas cylinder, unlike the gas tank, is sealed and is under high pressure, so the float-sensor connection works taking this feature into account. Namely, the movement of the float causes rotation of a moving magnet located in the multivalve body, which transmits rotation to the pointer magnets.

The mechanical part of the sensors is identical, but the fourth generation FLS also transmits a signal to the HBO button using built-in series-connected resistors or a microcircuit. Where the LED track shows the remaining fuel.

How to display the gas level in the interior of a car with 2nd generation gas equipment

Owners can independently attach a gas level sensor and display its readings on a button in the car interior. In order to be able to control the remaining fuel in a car with second-generation gas equipment, you just need to select the desired fuel selection key with indication and the sensor/indicator for it. It is important to remember that at least two conditions are met:

the multivalve must be class A (have an internal cavity for installing a sensor);
The sensor resistance must be identical to the switch resistance.

Selection of an indicator key and sensor for the 2nd generation HBO:

Connecting and setting up the 4th generation HBO sensor

There is no need to purchase anything additional for the equipment: as noted above, an electronic pointer (most often it is WPG, WPGH (HALLA), WPGH-1 or Stag WPG-4) and an indicator button are included in the delivery package. But setting up and calibrating the 4th generation gas level sensor will be required.

First of all, in order to correctly calibrate the sensor, you need to make sure that the float is made correctly.

Then install the pointer and make its initial settings (positioning). For this purpose, the multifunction valve body has three holes on each side of the sensor ear. Next, according to the diagram for connecting the FLS (included in the kit), connect the connectors on the equipment ECU with the sensor.

Gas quantity indicator sensor connection diagram

The initial calibration of the sensor is carried out along the way and during the first filling (that is, when the cylinder is empty). After which you can apply several adjustment methods. But in any case you will need:

a laptop with special software (in particular, for STAG this is AC GAS SYNCHRO);
connecting cord with a USB connector for connection to the HBO diagnostic connector.

The first method is to fit, i.e. fill up 10 liters of propane-butane at a gas station. Install given value in the program, then use up the fuel. Then refuel again, but already 20 liters, set the parameters, etc.

The following methods are manual calibration and auto-tuning.

Experience in setting up and operating gas level sensors suggests that, despite all efforts, accurate calibration is still not possible. This is attributed to the oval shape of the gas cylinder, the imperfection of the float design and the specific properties of the liquid gas fraction. So the road for further modernization of gas equipment remains open.

You can learn more about how automatic configuration and manual calibration of the 4th generation LPG gas level sensor is performed in the video: