How USE biology assignments are assessed. Biology. Points for each USE biology task

In 2018, more than 133 thousand people took part in the Unified State Examination in Biology, which is slightly more than the number of exam participants in 2017 (111,748), 2016 (126,006) and 2015 (122,936). The biology exam is traditionally in demand and is one of the five most popular final elective exams. It is chosen by biology-motivated graduates entering medical, veterinary, agricultural universities, psychological and biological faculties of universities, academies and institutes physical culture and sports and a number of other universities.

In 2018, the average test score was 51.4. Its slight decrease compared to last year is primarily due to a decrease in the proportion of participants in the test score range of 61–80 (by 2.26%) and an increase in the proportion of participants in the range of 41–60 (by 3.26%). At the same time, there is a persistent downward trend in the number of participants with results in the range of 81–100. The reduction in the proportion of high-scoring students can be explained by a set of measures to improve the quality of verification of detailed answers by experts of regional subject commissions, as well as the inclusion in Part 2 of the KIM of new topics of a specific, contextual, practice-oriented nature, which required clear argumentation, and not the reproduction of general or specific knowledge on the subject. This made it possible to better differentiate participants with high test scores.

The minimum test score in 2018, as in previous years, was 36 points, and the primary score was 16 points. The share of USE participants in biology who did not score the minimum number of points in 2018 was 17.4%. Compared to 2017, the share of participants who scored test scores in the range of 41–60 was 40.6% (in 2017 – 37.3%), and in the range of 61–80 was 25.6% (in 2017 – 27.9%).

Completed all tasks in 2018 exam paper and 48 graduates scored 100 points, which amounted to 0.04% of the total number of Unified State Exam participants. The data obtained indicates, on the one hand, a fairly high level of complexity of the 2018 Unified State Exam KIM model and, on the other hand, the accessibility of the tasks, which is confirmed by the distribution of the primary and test scores of the participants.

More detailed analytical and methodological materials for the 2018 Unified State Exam are available here.

Our website presents about 5,500 tasks for preparing for the Unified State Exam in biology in 2018. The general outline of the examination work is presented below.

EXAMINATION PLAN FOR THE USE OF BIOLOGY 2019

Designation of the level of difficulty of the task: B - basic, P - advanced, V - high.

Correspondence between minimum primary scores and 2019 minimum test scores. Order on amendments to Appendix No. 1 to the order of the Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science.

The demo version is intended in order to enable any examination participant and the general public to get an idea of ​​the structure of the examination paper, the number and form of tasks, as well as their level of difficulty. The given criteria for assessing the completion of tasks with a detailed answer, included in demo version examination work, will allow you to get an idea of ​​the requirements for the completeness and correctness of recording a detailed answer. This information gives graduates the opportunity to develop a strategy for preparing for the biology exam.

Instructions for performing the work
The examination paper consists of two parts, including 32 tasks. Part 1 contains 28 short-answer tasks, part 2 contains 4 long-answer tasks.
3 hours (180 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work in biology.
Answers to tasks 1-22 are written as one number, which corresponds to the number of the correct answer. Write this number in the answer field in the text of the work.
Answers to tasks 23-28 are written as a sequence of numbers in the answer field in the text of the work.
For tasks 29-32 you should give a detailed answer.
The points you receive for completed tasks are summed up.
Try to complete as many tasks as possible and gain greatest number points.

Characteristics of the structure and content of CMMs
The work includes 32 tasks and consists of two parts.
Part 1 contains 28 tasks with a short answer: 22 tasks of a basic level of difficulty with the answer in the form of one number corresponding to the number of the correct answer; 6 tasks increased level difficulties, of which 2 with choosing and recording three correct answers out of six, 3 with establishing the correspondence of elements of two information series (including the task of including terms and concepts missed in the text, correlating the morphological characteristics of an organism or its individual organs with proposed models according to a given algorithm), 1 to determine the sequence of biological processes, phenomena, objects.
Part 2 contains 4 tasks with a detailed answer, of which: 1 of an increased level of complexity for working with text, involving the use of information from the text of contextual knowledge to answer the questions posed; the rest are of a high level of complexity: 1 for the analysis of statistical data presented in tabular form; 2 on the application of biological knowledge to solve practical problems.
The distribution of exam work tasks by parts and types of tasks, taking into account the maximum primary score of each part and the work as a whole, is given in Table 1.

A system for assessing the performance of individual tasks and the examination work as a whole.
For correct completion of each of tasks 1-22, 1 point is awarded.
Otherwise - 0 points.
For correct completion of each of tasks 23-27, 2 points are awarded.
For answers to tasks 23 and 24, 1 point is given if the answer contains any two numbers presented in the answer standard, and 0 points in all other cases. If the examinee indicates more characters in the answer than in the correct answer, then for each extra character 1 point is reduced (up to 0 points inclusive).
For the answer to task 25, 1 point is given if one mistake is made, and 0 points if two or more mistakes are made.
For answers to tasks 26 and 27, 1 point is given if the symbol written in any one position of the answer is not the one presented in the answer standard, and 0 points in all other cases.
For complete correct completion of task 28, 3 points are awarded; 2 points if at any one position of the answer the symbol written is not the one presented in the answer standard; 1 point is given if any two positions of the answer contain characters other than those presented in the answer standard, and 0 points in all other cases.
Tasks 29-32 are graded depending on the completeness and correctness of the answer.
Maximum primary score for completing all the work - 46.

Changes in the OGE 2016 in biology - NO changes.​
Testing at the Independent Diagnostic Center of the educational site "Kursoteka".

Trial tests are checked and graded automatically. Verification and evaluation of detailed answers is carried out by experienced teachers in accordance with the criteria and recommendations of the Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science Russian Federation". Our teachers will correct the mistakes you made, give a complete and qualified analysis of errors and inaccuracies, if you wish, conduct an online consultation with you on the work completed and give special recommendations for eliminating errors and shortcomings. Assignments with detailed answers, which are checked manually by teachers , are paid - 198 rubles. The verification period is from 1 to 3 days.

Description of the exam taken from the official website of FIPI http://www.ctege.info/demoversii-oge-2016/demoversiya-oge-2016-po-biologii.html

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Average comprehensive school No. 4, Shebekino, Belgorod region"

Features of solving and evaluating tasks 22-28 Unified State Exam in biology

Prepared by: Arnautova Natalya Zakharovna,

teacher of chemistry and biology

MBOU "Secondary school No. 4, Shebekino, Belgorod region"

2017

EXAMINATION PLAN for the Unified State Exam in Biology

Generalization and application of knowledge about humans and the diversity of organisms

Task C4 (25) includes questions related to the content blocks “System and diversity of the organic world” and “The human body and its health.”

SYSTEM AND DIVERSITY OF THE ORGANIC WORLD

Solving cytology problems to apply knowledge in a new situation

Task C6 (26) includes tasks in cytology related to the processes of implementation of hereditary information and cell division.These problems are good because the questions are specific and precise. On the other hand, they are quite complex and require a deep understanding of the processes in question. An important point when solving tasks C5, it is necessary to explain the actions being performed, especially if the problem says: “Explain your answer.” The presence of explanations allows the evaluator to draw a conclusion about the student’s understanding of this topic, and their absence can lead to the loss of a very important point.

Task C6 (26) is worth three points, which are awarded in case of a completely correct solution. Therefore, when starting a task, first of all it is necessary to highlight all the issues. The number of answers must correspond to them, otherwise you may also lose a point.

When solving a number of problems in this section, it is necessary to use the genetic code table. The rules for using the table are usually indicated in the assignment, but it is better to learn this in advance. To determine the amino acid encoded by a particular triplet, you must perform the following steps. We find the first nucleotide of the triplet in the left vertical row, the second in the upper horizontal row, the third is in the right vertical row. The desired amino acid is located at the intersection point of the imaginary lines, coming from nucleotides.


TASKS ON QUANTITATIVE RELATIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HEREDITARY INFORMATION

must be indicated in the explanations following:

• each amino acid is delivered to the ribosomes by one tRNA, therefore, the number of amino acids in a protein is equal to the number of tRNA molecules involved in protein synthesis;

  each amino acid is encoded by three nucleotides (one triplet, or codon), so the number of coding nucleotides is always three times greater, and the number of triplets (codons) is equal to the number of amino acids in the protein;

each tRNA has an anticodon complementary to the mRNA codon, therefore the number of anticodons, and therefore the number of tRNA molecules in general, is equal to the number of mRNA codons;

mRNA is complementary to one of the DNA strands, so the number of nucleotides in mRNA is equal to the number of nucleotides in DNA. The number of triplets, of course, will also be the same.

Problem 1 . 75 tRNA molecules were involved in translation. Determine the number of amino acids that make up the protein being synthesized, as well as the number of triplets and nucleotides in the gene that encodes this protein.

Solution .

One tRNA molecule delivers one amino acid to the ribosome. 75 tRNA molecules were involved in translation, therefore, the synthesized protein includes 75 amino acids.

Each amino acid is encoded by one DNA triplet, so the region of DNA encoding a given protein contains 75 triplets.

Each triplet is three nucleotides, therefore, the indicated DNA section contains 75 x 3 = 225 nucleotides.

Answer:75 amino acids, 75 DNA triplets, 225 DNA nucleotides.

TASKS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF mRNA MOLECULES, tRNA ANTICODONS AND DETERMINATION OF AMINO ACIDS SEQUENCE IN PROTEINS

When solving problems of this type, it is necessary to rememberNecessarily indicate in explanations following:

mRNA nucleotides are complementary to DNA nucleotides;

instead of thymine, uracil is written in all types of RNA;

mRNA nucleotides are written in a row, without commas, since one molecule is meant;

tRNA anticodons are written separated by commas, since each anticodon belongs to a separate tRNA molecule;

we find amino acids using the genetic code table;

if a table of the genetic code for mRNA is given, thenuse mRNA codons :

amino acids in a protein are written with a hyphen, because it means that they have already combined and formed the primary structure of the protein.

Task 2. A fragment of a DNA chain has the sequence ACCGTTTGCCCAAT. Determine the nucleotide sequence of mRNA, tRNA anticodons and amino acid sequence in the synthesized protein.

Solution.



Task 3.

What chromosome set is characteristic of the embryonic and endosperm cells of the seed and leaves? flowering plant. Explain the result in each case.
Answer:

1) in the cells of the seed embryo, the diploid set of chromosomes is 2n, since the embryo develops from a zygote - a fertilized egg;
2) in the endosperm cells of the seed, the triploid set of chromosomes is 3n, as it is formed by the fusion of two nuclei of the central cell of the ovule (2n) and one sperm (n);
3) the cells of the leaves of a flowering plant have a diploid set of chromosomes - 2n, since an adult plant develops from an embryo.

The answer includes all the elements mentioned above and does not contain biological errors

The answer includes 2 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 3 of the above elements, but contains minor biological errors

The answer includes 1 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 2 of the above elements, but contains minor biological errors

Wrong answer

Maximum points

TASK No. 27 (C7)

SOLVING PROBLEMS IN GENETICS FOR APPLYING KNOWLEDGE IN A NEW SITUATION

The condition of genetic problems is often voluminous, therefore, first of all, the condition requires:

highlight the features in question and introduce the appropriate designations;

establish the type of crossing: monohybrid or dihybrid;

establish the nature of inheritance: complete or incomplete dominance, autosomal or sex-linked, independent (in the case of dihybrid crosses) or linked;

identify all “characters”, i.e. all individuals indicated in the condition (if there are large number for convenience, a genealogical chart can be drawn up for such individuals);

establish the genotypes of the “characters” and, if necessary, indicate them in the appropriate diagram;

highlight all the questions posed in the condition.

After this, you can begin to directly solve the problem. To avoid unnecessary losses (meaning points), it is better to accompany all your actions with comments, especially if the problem says “Explain the solution.”

Task. In a family where the parents have normal color vision, the son is color blind.

The genes for normal color vision (D) and color blindness (d) are located on the X chromosome.

Determine the genotypes of the parents, colorblind son, gender and the likelihood of having children who are carriers of the colorblind gene. Make a diagram for solving the problem.

Explanation

1) Genotypes of parents: mother – X DX d, father X DU;

2) son’s genotype – colorblind – X dU;

3) the probability of being born as carriers of the color blindness gene (X DX d) – 25%.

The answer includes all the elements mentioned above and does not contain biological errors.

The answer includes 1 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 3 of the above elements, but contains minor biological errors.

The answer includes 1 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 2 of the above elements, but contains minor biological errors.

Wrong answer

Maximum score

Bibliography

1. FIPI project of testing and measuring materials for the Unified State Exam 2018.

2. Demo versions, specifications, codifiers of the Unified State Exam 2018. FIPI website.

3. Information about planned changes to the 2018 CMM. FIPI website.

4.Site “I will solve the Unified State Exam”: biology, for an expert.

The biology exam is selective and only those who are confident in their knowledge will take it. The Unified State Exam in biology is considered a difficult subject, since it tests the knowledge accumulated over all years of study.

Unified State Exam assignments in biology, different types have been selected; to solve them, confident knowledge of the main topics of the school biology course is required. Based demo versions teachers developed over 10 test tasks for each topic.

Topics that need to be studied when completing assignments, see from FIPI. Each task has its own algorithm of actions that will help in solving problems.

There are no changes to the KIM Unified State Examination 2020 in biology.

Structure of Unified State Examination tasks in biology:

• Part 1– these are tasks from 1 to 21 with a short answer; approximately 5 minutes are allotted for completion.

Advice: Read the wording of the questions carefully.

• Part 2– these are tasks from 22 to 28 with a detailed answer; approximately 10-20 minutes are allotted for completion.

Advice: express your thoughts in a literary manner, answer the question in detail and comprehensively, define biological terms, even if this is not required in the assignments. The answer should have a plan, not write in continuous text, but highlight points.

What is required of the student in the exam?

• Ability to work with graphic information(diagrams, graphs, tables) – its analysis and use;
• Multiple choice;
• Establishing compliance;
• Sequencing.

Points for each USE biology task

In order to get the highest grade in biology, you need to score 58 primary points, which will be converted to one hundred on the scale.

• 1 point - for tasks 1, 2, 3, 6.
• 2 points - 4, 5, 7-22.
• 3 points - 23-28.

How to Prepare for Biology Tests

1. Repetition of the theory.
2. Correct distribution time for each task.
3. Solving practical problems several times.
4. Check your knowledge level by solving tests online.

Register, study and get a high score!

The USE in Biology 2018 is an optional exam, it is completely optional. At the same time, this subject takes 5th place after the compulsory Russian language and mathematics, followed by social studies and physics. 5th place – for biology (approximately 18% of graduates choose it).

Where is biology useful?

Biology is taken at many universities:

1. medical;
2. biological universities;
3. in pedagogy for the specialty “Teacher of Biology”;
4. in agriculture;
5. veterinary;
6. at the Faculty of Physical Education;
7. psychological;
8. environmental;
9. at the Faculty of Garden Design;
10. at the Faculty of Biology in technical universities, where biology is studied at the intersection with physics.

There are a lot of professions related to biology:

• an engineer who models problems related to human life;
• a doctor who will treat possible diseases in the future;
• an ecologist who cares about the health of the entire country. The task of an ecologist is to create conditions in which humanity will drink clean water, breathe clean air;
• psychologist;
• athlete.

These are the people who make a person’s life more fulfilling and meaningful and, moreover, prolong this life.

Required documents

The FIPI website contains the following documents needed to prepare for the Unified State Exam in history:

1. Specification (description of work, listed Required documents, the structure of the Unified State Exam in biology is reflected, a plan for the KIM version is given).
2. Codifier (list of skills and topics that are tested on the Unified State Exam in biology).
3. Demo version of the Unified State Exam in biology (one Unified State Exam option in biology), with which you need to start preparing for state exam on history.

Features of the structure of the Unified State Exam in biology

Total 28 tasks
Part 1 Part 2
21 tasks with a short answer 7 tasks with a detailed answer

Time to complete all work is 3 hours 30 minutes (210 minutes).
The maximum primary score is 59.
The established minimum test score for the Unified State Exam in biology is 36 points.

How are the key tasks of part 1 of the work organized?

Task No. 1 first appeared in 2017. Each student, preparing for an exam, reads the text, underlines key words, then finds key words and connections between them. These connections make it possible to build dependency. Thus, the text is structured, it contains connections between concepts. This task presents a certain fragment from biology, where it is required to show these connections.

Task No. 3 is interesting because the usual simple tasks are introduced, where you need to complete a solution knowing biology:

• count the number of chromosomes,
• indicate the number of cells that are formed during various processes, etc.

Task No. 4 requires choosing two statements that correspond to the description of the object that is presented.
Assignment No. 6 on genetics. These are tasks for monohybrid crossing, where you need to write a specific number, the ratio of numbers.
Task No. 8 on the relationship between examples and phenomena. This is the first example of a task. An alternative example of this task is also offered, where a blind drawing is given (without captions), and you need to find the positions where there are numbers 1 and 2. And only after that, having decided on the position, select the correct answers.
In task No. 9, you should find examples from the proposed text that correspond to the concepts of “stability,” “microscopicity,” and “pathogenicity.”
Task No. 15 on knowledge of species properties. In biology, the concept of “species” is a key concept around which all biology is built. The text is given. It is necessary to select only those criteria that correspond to the task posed in the text.

Task No. 20. A new (since 2017), original task that makes it possible to test several very important, key concepts in biology using one example.

• Example 1 tests understanding of speciation.

Example 2 involves filling out the empty columns in the table and finding some relationships between structure, object and function.

Task No. 21.

• Example 1. The formation of natural science literacy and research skills is possible only when a person knows how to work with information presented in various types. In biology, for example, such information is a table where a scientist, making observations, records data, writes them down, performing some kind of calculation. The applicant needs to read what is noted here, just as a biologist reads it, who selects the key ones from a palisade of numbers and draws conclusions on this basis. You need to select only 2 statements that strictly correspond to the given conditions.
• Example 2 requires you to select statements that can be formulated based on the analysis of the histogram. For example, you need to find species, see what they eat, encrypt this species (as if depersonalized) and propose a correlation of food preferences of this species. And then it is necessary to evaluate this species based on its food preferences or some other qualities.
• Example 3 is a graphical representation. This tests the ability to read a chart and understand the reasons for the movement of the curve up or down.

A few words about part 2

These are open-ended tasks where the graduate will have to answer a question and demonstrate deep knowledge of the subject. Special attention It is necessary to pay attention to the language of presentation of the answer. An 11th grade student must master a certain conceptual apparatus, biological terms used in answers to assignments.

What will help you effectively pass the Unified State Exam in biology?

Of course, the textbooks that are used in schools. These can be textbooks from different authors that can be combined.

Clear planning of your activities in preparation for the Unified State Exam in Biology 2018.

The student’s deep interest in studying and passing the subject with a high score.

You have to be motivated, you have to want to study the subject of biology, and then the result will not be long in coming.

The date for the Unified State Examination in biology will be known in January 2018.

You can find out about the results of the Unified State Exam in biology in 2018 in your general education organization or on the official website of the Unified State Exam.

If the Ministry of Education decides to make some changes to the Unified State Exam KIMs in biology, then we need to be prepared for everything, not waste time and start preparing now!