The value of input distribution devices is lying. I'm lying about the electrician's decoding. Installation and assembly I lie, a detailed description of the process. Operating principle of the ASU

For distribution and control of incoming electrical energy A large number of different appliances are used in an apartment or house. The input distribution device allows you to group them and save the space they occupy.

Purpose

ASU, UVR or input switchgear is a set of various electricity metering devices, circuit breakers, fuses, etc. Depending on the size, several dozen different switches, transformers, and meters can be placed in it. There is also an IVRU - such a passport for a standard IVR means that it is an inventory one.

Photo - ASU with meters

The main difference between the modernized IVRU and the standard one is its increased degree of anti-vandal protection, the ability to be used in field conditions and at facilities under construction.

Photo - IVRU

The main purpose of the input switchgear is to supply the building or individual parts of residential and industrial premises with electrical energy. It consists of panels that are of one-way service type, i.e. they open only on one side. Depending on the design, there are single, two and three panels. Accordingly, these are VRU-1, VRU-2 and VRU-3. In Russia, even four-panel versions are sold - ASU Main Switchboard GM MAGNET.

Photo - input device diagram

Professional companies (ABB - ABB, VRU IEK, Schneider and others) manufacture the input switchgear directly in the container. This shield is protected from exposure environment, moisture and dust entering the moving mechanical parts of its parts and from physical impact from the outside. At the same time, the manufacturer can make a custom-made ASU, according to your requirements.

Why do you need an ASU:

For distribution electric current for residential and non-residential stock;
To install all protection, control, metering and current measurement devices in one place;
Many models are equipped with an additional switch that will help protect the electrical network of a cottage or apartment from short circuits and overloads;
To quickly turn on and off power to individual devices or parts of buildings.

Species

The classification of input distribution devices is made according to the rated current - 250, 400 and 630 Amperes, the size and number of built-in control and protection devices. They also come in the following types:

With automatic energy switches;
With lighting control devices;
With a special compartment for installing electrical energy meters.

For individual use most often they buy input switchgears with additional compartments for RCDs and circuit breakers. The fuse model will help not only protect you from power surges, but also, if necessary, quickly turn off the current in different parts apartment or private house.

Equipment with sensors and sensor receivers for lighting control are ideal for outdoor installation. They are installed on staircases, entrances, vestibules and other public places.

Photo - correctly installed shield

If the equipment has an additional compartment for installing meters, then they are used not only for protection and measurement, but also for monitoring electric current consumption.

The most affordable options are those with automatic machines, since they have relatively small dimensions. But if you cannot choose one option for installation, then you can combine several types of distribution panels to obtain a universal panel.

Photo - lighting control unit in VRU

Specifications

Each input switchgear has its own characteristics (with automatic transfer switch, without it, with automatic switches, etc.). Before starting installation, you must study all the data specified in the device data sheets. Let's look at the characteristics of the most popular models:

VP – model with switches. VP VRU-8500:

Depending on needs, overall dimensions may vary. ASU of this type is recommended for installation in in-house switchboards. Not suitable for outdoor use.

VRU-3-10-UHL4:

A VROOM type device has similar characteristics.

The description of this switchgear is somewhat different from those discussed above. It is mainly used for private or industrial buildings and is suitable for outdoor installation. Marking:

VRU (VU) – Input switchgear;
3 – panel third in development;
C – certificate of the plant, in this case, the Starookolsky plant;
M - a device of a modernized series (with a counter, automatic machines and lighting control).

Video: VRU apartment building

Requirements and installation of ASU

To assemble any input distribution board or connect finished device, You will need special circuits. Depending on the type of installation, you will need to obtain permission from your electricity supplier.

Photo - example of an input circuit

The photo shows approximate input diagrams of this type:

Switches and fuses for single input (a);
Single input and circuit breaker (b);
Switches and fuses (c);
Double input, similar to scheme B (d);
double with AVR (d).

The price of an input switchgear depends on its parameters and size. In addition to checking compliance with the quality certificate, it is also necessary to analyze the requirements that each ASU must meet:

In order for the device to operate reliably and without failures, it is very important to check that circuit breakers and other protective devices can be installed on all input and output lines;
When connecting an ASU, each node is connected according to the color coding of the wires and their purpose. It is also recommended to mark the cables if repairs to the input switchgear are required;
Before purchasing, be sure to calculate the required current and network voltage.

You can buy ASU in any city in Russia and the CIS countries: Moscow, Minsk and others. You can also purchase an old shield on radio markets or Internet portals. The cost varies from several hundred to tens of thousands of rubles.

The final stage in organizing the electrical transportation network is the installation of distribution and converting devices. They can also be found at intermediate nodes of trunk lines, but this concept of branching energy delivery circuits is most clearly manifested at the stage of direct supply to final objects. Input distribution devices (IDUs) such as transformers, fuse switches, etc. are responsible for this function.

Concept and purpose of ASU

As the name suggests, ASU systems perform the tasks of inputting and distributing electricity at consumption sites. Physically, an ASU is a set of technical means that provide power control, current conversion, its measurement in various parameters and accounting. For a more complete understanding of what an ASU is, it is worth familiarizing yourself with some modifications of devices and their purpose. So, at a basic level the following classification is used:

VRU-1. Complete input and distribution equipment, which is used for operation outside switchboard rooms. Such devices can be found on staircases or in basements.
VRU-2. Professional sets of control and control equipment designed for use in switchboard rooms. They can be used to ensure the operation of server rooms and technical electrical utility rooms.
VRU-3. Small-sized kits that can be integral part electrical panel of a suitable format.

The most commonly used means are VRU-1 and VRU-3. These are devices directly involved in the processes of receiving, accounting and distributing energy in networks at 220/380 V with a frequency of 50 Hz. Some modifications additionally perform protective functions in cases of overloads and short circuits.

Operating principle of the ASU

The work process begins with receiving electricity from the main network. The power cable supplies current to the input automation in accordance with standard values (rated current). Already at this stage, counters and other measuring instruments that measure input current parameters can be switched on. Again, it’s worth recalling what an ASU is in terms of functionality. This is a complex different devices, sometimes performing tasks of a completely different spectrum. In parallel with the measuring function, a protective function can be performed. Thus, the input switch generally controls the power supply and, when deviations from standard values are detected or emergency situations occur, it turns off the machine. Technically, the switch is implemented in the form of a switch or disconnector - manual or automatic.

Next, a group of arresters comes into operation, ensuring the connection of wires in phases. At this stage, the voltage parameters are necessarily recorded and, if necessary, they are corrected by transformers. Distribution is carried out in groups of wires using circuit breakers with different or similar ratings. The current parameters on each circuit depend on the needs of the consumer to which it leads. The branching task is not determined by the separation of wires according to current characteristics, but by the need to distribute energy in its own directions for each supply point. Distribution automation ensures load uniformity between phases, fixing the demand coefficient of electrical networks, taking into account their maximum load.

Composition of the Verkhovna Rada

Almost all devices of this type are made in the form of a panel enclosed in a metal box. The following devices and functional blocks are placed on this base using pre-installed connectors and modules:

Automatic switches.
Meters that record reactive and active energy.
Current transformers.
Converters.
Test devices.
Electromagnetic starters.
Measuring instruments(voltmeters, ammeters, multimeters, etc.).

Additional equipment depends on the specific set of functions of the device. They have several panels with control equipment for one-way maintenance. The peculiarity of such equipment is the possibility of independently connecting an auxiliary distribution cabinet with a source uninterruptible power supply(UPS) in case of loss of power to the target object.

Characteristics of the ASU

Most input and distribution systems are oriented towards work in three-phase and single-phase networks with a power point from 100 to 400 A and a frequency of 50-60 Hz. As for power, the entry level is represented by input and distribution devices from 0.4 kV to 1 kV. They are used to service municipal lighting systems, construction equipment at remote sites, etc. However, to supply large consumers, switchboards with ASU are used, the power of which is at least 10 kV, and sometimes exceeds 25 kV. The choice also takes into account such characteristics as connection time of the backup source (0.2-5 s), degree of protection (from IP00 to IP31 depending on the part of the case) and electrical resistance (from 10 MΩ).

ASU of residential buildings

To service multi-apartment residential buildings, devices for three-phase networks with alternating current, in which a solidly grounded neutral is provided. Among the main tasks in this case are electrical protection of the line in cases of short circuits, overloads and emergency power outages. What is a physical ASU for a residential building? This is a metal cabinet with provision for grounding, in which meters, switches, protection units, emergency panels for inputting UPS, load distribution sensors, etc. are installed. In modern designs, the doors of such boxes provide an indication of key parameters of the electrical network.

Implementation of ASU at industrial facilities

First of all, multi-panel cabinets are used, designed for branched control of several energy supply circuits. Power indicators and the degree of protection with insulation in this case are higher, but in small enterprises or in individual workshops with normal conditions In operation, household automatic machines can also be used. But what are ASUs intended for operation at large public and industrial facilities? Currently, factory-assembled cabinets of the ShchO-70 line are widely used. From a design point of view, these are panels for one- and two-way control, which also include automatic transfer switches and switches designed for long working sessions in a mode independent of the main power source.

Installation of ASU

Installation of a cabinet with an ASU is carried out on the basis of a design diagram drawn up in accordance with the operating conditions at a specific location of application. First, mounting holes are drilled to secure the brackets and screws under metal structure. According to the instructions, the installation of input and distribution devices is carried out at a height of at least 30 cm, and a dielectric insulating ceiling must be provided between the rear panel and the wall. There are also floor structures, the installation of which is carried out on a special foundation or platform, which is attached to a concrete screed.

Connecting equipment

After installing the ASU housing, the functional filling is assembled and connected. An aluminum armored circuit is used for cable entry. It is directly connected to the switch and control relay. Next, crimped wires extend from the relay into separate functional segments. Input distribution devices VRU-1 have two input blocks that can be connected to different supply networks. But an insulating partition must be maintained between them. On final stage The separated and connected wires are fixed with nylon ties at the bottom of the panel.

Conclusion

ASU systems perform important tasks in organizing electrical networks. The functionality of such equipment can be considered both as control and measuring, and as protective and control. Even 0.4 kV input-distribution devices provide ample opportunities to control the operation of the laid network, taking into account the volumes of supplied energy both at the input and output. But the main task still lies in the physical distribution of power supply channels while ensuring a sufficient degree of reliability and safety of equipment operation. The latest ASU models also place emphasis on improving control ergonomics with expanded automatic functions.

In electrical and energy engineering, the abbreviation VRU is an input-distribution device, sometimes it is also called UVR. Without this element electrical circuit indispensable in supplying electricity to residential buildings and public buildings. Today, an ASU is a closed steel box that contains a large number of devices used to control and meter electricity, as well as protect connected consumers. In this article we will tell you why an input distribution device is needed, what it consists of and what it can be equipped with

Purpose and scope

The ASU mainly serves to receive and subsequently distribute electrical energy. In addition, this element is designed to protect consumers connected to it from overloads, short circuits, current leaks and other emergency situations. It should also be noted that input distribution devices are used to account for consumed electricity, as well as control correct distribution loads throughout electrical network. Well, it should definitely be noted that with the help of a switchgear installed at the input, equipment that is connected to this section of the circuit can be quickly switched on and off.

The photo below shows what it looks like:

In short, the main purpose of the input distribution device is to combine in one place control and protective equipment, as well as instruments necessary for measuring and accounting for electrical energy. Thanks to this, all devices can be compactly assembled on site and controlled from one place, protected from adverse weather conditions and other hazards.

As we said above, ASU is used not only in administrative buildings and industrial enterprises, but also in residential buildings(private and multi-apartment). When drawing up a power supply project, the location of the input distribution device is indicated, as well as the characteristics of all the equipment that will be installed in it. According to the project, the ASU is assembled and the electricity meter is further sealed.

In a private house, an ASU is used if there is a need to distribute the load across several buildings (bathhouse, utility unit, garage, summer kitchen, etc.). In this case, the main ASU is installed, after which it is necessary to install an individual switchgear for each individual building.

ASU equipment

Input and distribution devices can be equipped in different ways, depending on the wishes of the customer and existing requirements. Basically, ASUs in electrical facilities are equipped with protective automatic equipment, an electrical energy meter, measuring equipment and buses.

If we talk in more detail about the components of the ASU, they are as follows:

Electricity meter.
Input circuit breaker and incoming RCD.
Group circuit breakers and RCDs (or automatic circuit breakers).
Busbars (grounding, neutral, conductive).
Wires and cables necessary for connecting all equipment.
Stacked terminal blocks for switching circuits.

In addition, depending on the field of application of input distribution devices, they can be equipped with current transformers, quartz fuses, voltage limiters, voltmeters, ammeters, arresters, protective equipment and other devices. As already mentioned, the configuration of the ASU depends on the power supply project and the individual preferences of the customer.

Types of input distribution devices

The last thing I would like to talk about in this article is what types of ASUs there are. So, we roughly divided them into the following types:

By rated current: 100, 250, 400, 630 A.
By type of execution: suspended, floor-mounted.
By purpose: input, distribution, input-distribution.
According to installation location: indoors and outdoors. It is important to point out here that the degree of protection can be from IP31 to IP65.
By type of service: single-sided, double-sided.
By the number of inputs: for 1 input or for several (2, 3, 4).

It is important to note that the distribution devices themselves can be one-, two-, three-panel or more (multi-panel). The dimensions of the box also depend on its configuration and area of application.

The ASU marking makes it clear what characteristics this device has. The abbreviation stands for as follows:

This is where we end our article. We hope that now it is clear to you what the input distribution device is used for and what design options exist. We hope the information provided was useful and interesting for you!

What is an ASU shield?

Input distribution devices (IDU)- a device needed in a building for receiving and distributing electricity at voltages less than 1000 V single- and three-phase AC frequency 50-60 Hz. In addition, ASU boards protect lines from high currents as a result of a short circuit or overload. It is used in lighting and power installations of industrial, public, administrative and other buildings.

In most cases, a minimum of equipment is placed inside the device, corresponding to one or several apartments, united on the floor by a landing, connected to the apartment by a group network.

1. Types and equipment.

ASU can be of three types:

Introductory: for input and metering of electrical energy;

Distribution: for distribution of electricity, used in conjunction with incoming ones;

Input-distribution: for input, distribution and metering of electricity.

The design can be made in various options, including according to your sizes. Production of ASU must comply with the established technical requirements of GOST R 51321.1-2000, GOST R 51321.3-99, GOST R 51732-2001, technical conditions - TU 3434-001-72059230-2005 and specific instructions of the customer, Can be multi-panel or single-panel. The standardized delivery set of the ASU (UVR) includes:

ASU shield;

Set of keys for door locks;

Required documents: technical specifications and operating instructions for the switchboard, a passport for the switchboard itself, passports for meters and current transformers;

Electricity meters (by agreement of the customer).

The following are used as input, distribution and protection equipment in the ASU:

switches;

load switches;

switches;

circuit breakers;

differential circuit breakers;

devices protective shutdown(RCD);

fuses;

2.Type of installation and design

According to the type of installation, the distribution board can be mounted or built into ceiling niches. As a rule, ASU switchboards are mounted on one-way service panels installed in metal cabinets, including those with removable partitions. The surfaces of cabinets and partitions are covered with paint or polymer coating for protection purposes.

The ASU panel may consist of one or more cabinets. If the input distribution device is connected to two independent power sources, it is possible to install input panels with circuit breaker in one closet. In this case, a partition is placed between the sections.

The design of the ASU switchboards is built in such a way as to provide the possibility of one-way service from the front side, while the controls can be installed both behind the cabinet doors and directly on them to ensure the ability to turn off the equipment without opening the cabinet.

The set of electrical equipment may include: circuit breakers, fuses, voltmeters, ammeters, meters of consumed electrical energy (common for input and for each consumer separately), current transformers (for three-phase power), buses, switches and others. Exact list of installed equipment and its technical parameters depend on the input voltage, phase phase and total power consumption.

3.Advantages

The indisputable advantages of the ASU cabinet include:

Possibility of installation in non-specialized premises (high degree of protection);

boards without side panels can be mounted in one line in order to increase and intelligently use the internal volume of the structure;

the door can be attached to both sides of the body;

the ability to enter and exit wires not only from below (standard version) but also from above (by agreement with the customer).

The panels are widely used in private homes, warehouses, garages, as well as in conditions of very low temperatures. The cabinet must be installed at least one meter away from hot or cold pipes. cold water, gas pipeline networks and sewer communications. Doors in the building where the ASU is installed should only open outwards. Maintenance work on the shield must be carried out by qualified workers. The price of a custom-made shield can vary greatly. At a minimum, the price of a switchboard depends on the order volume.

The ASU of a residential and/or public building is designed for use in a 220/380 V network.

There is also a main distribution board (MSB). There are induction, sectional and linear main switchboard cabinets. In fact, the main distribution board can be represented by a variety of devices: ShchO-70 distribution panels, ARU and ShR cabinets, PR distribution points and other electrical equipment.

VU, ASU and main switchboards refer to electrical switchboard devices designed for the safe reception of electrical energy for the purpose of its further distribution. That is, they separate the power supply chain coming from power lines or power substations and the power distribution networks of residential or public buildings, various institutions and any other structures.

What are these 3 devices?

1. VU – input device.
2. ASU – input distribution device.
3. Main switchboard - main distribution board.

They belong to the same type of electrical equipment, since they have the same purpose in electrical circuits - they receive electricity from transformers, electrical substations, and branches of power lines at sites and distribute it to end consumers.

VU, ASU and main switchboards differ in their configuration, additional functions and some other characteristics.

Input devices

In the VU there are no devices that divide the power supply circuit into several branch circuits; one cable enters and leaves the device. In this case, input devices can be equipped with equipment to provide protection against overloads and short circuits, as well as to account for electricity consumption. Regardless of the configuration, the input device must be equipped with an electrical disconnector, with the help of which the internal electrical circuit is disconnected from the general power supply circuit. Circuit breakers or switches can be installed as a circuit breaker. Input devices are most often used in private homes; they are mounted on power poles or on the façade of buildings. In this case, meters for recording consumed electricity are installed in a specially designed remote cabinet.

Input distribution devices

ASUs are equipped with electrical disconnectors, as well as devices that divide the main power supply line into a certain number of branching internal electrical circuits. Also, input distribution devices are equipped with devices for monitoring and accounting for electricity consumption, as well as automatic devices to provide protection against voltage surges, overloads and short circuits.

Main distribution board

This is an electrical panel equipment widely used in multi-storey buildings, public and administrative buildings, production and industrial facilities, and other structures where it is necessary to receive electricity from a common power line and distribute it across a large number sources of consumption. The main switchboard can replace the input distribution device or input device if the power supply of a private house is being installed.

You should be aware that energy regulatory authorities may require the installation of meters outside the house, on its façade or on a power pole. It must be mounted in a lockable cabinet with a high level of security.