Russian language rules quickly. How to easily learn traffic rules for women and men in order to pass the exam accurately

How to quickly learn the rules of the Russian language and remember them forever? The answer to this question is of interest not only to students, but also to those who graduated from school a long time ago. There is hardly a person who would not like to write and speak competently. The tips given in the article will help you cope with this task.

Where to start

How to quickly learn the rules of the Russian language? To begin with, you should stock up on a textbook and a collection of assignments, the completion of which will help you consolidate what you have learned. Proper preparation to classes is the key to success. You need to tune in to remember the rules. Under no circumstances should you teach them in a hurry, under the influence of certain distractions (music, TV, and so on). Best time for assimilation of new information - morning and evening hours.

A person must also understand why he is going to learn this or that rule, whether he will need it in later life and in what situations. Proper motivation is the key to success.

Understanding

How to quickly learn the rules of the Russian language and successfully apply them? The mistake is made by those who try to memorize a text without understanding the essence of its content. First, you should carefully read the rule, while each word is clearly pronounced out loud. Then you need to determine the meaning of each word.

Then you need to try to reformulate the rule. Let's assume that it has the following structure: “We do... when there is...”. You can say this: “If there is..., then we do...”. Next, you should highlight the keywords, for example, using color. This will ensure participation in the memorization process. You can also present the rule graphically, for example, in the form of a table or diagram. The more actions a person performs with a text, the higher the likelihood that he will remember its content.

How to quickly learn the rules of the Russian language, consisting of several points? First you need to understand the content of each part. Then all the points need to be linked together.

Let's use our imagination

People with a developed imagination can take advantage of this when memorizing the rules. This method is actively used by teachers primary classes, kindergarten teachers. If a person can figuratively imagine the content of the text, he will remember it better.

Fixing the material

How to learn the rules of the Russian language? Many people forget the importance of consolidating what they have learned. You should not neglect the exercises that will help you apply the rule. It is advisable to choose a variety of types of exercises, this will allow you to remember all the possible nuances. While performing the work, it is necessary to speak out the contents of the rule again and again.

Retelling the material studied is the shortest way to memorization. You can tell the contents of the rule to yourself or to someone in your household. It's also helpful to answer someone's questions about the material you've learned. For example, an assistant can ask a person about the occasion in which something specific is done or written, and he must name the condition. If there is no way to resort to someone else’s help, you can ask questions to yourself and answer them.

Read and write

How to quickly learn the rules of the Russian language on your own? Reading books is the shortest way to achieve this goal. We are talking specifically about books, and not about texts on the Internet, which are often overcrowded grammatical errors. Best choice will become classical literature. While reading books, visual memory works, and pronouncing text out loud allows you to use auditory memory. A person not only expands his vocabulary and develops the skill of combining and combining lexical units. His brain also records the correct spelling of various concepts and terms. This ensures a reduction in the number of spelling errors.

Copying books is another way to remember the rules of the Russian language. It is quite labor intensive, but the result is worth it. By copying a page a day, a person can become more literate in no time. While completing this task, be sure to work with the text. It is necessary to keep track of familiar rules that are found in sentences, to control the correct placement of punctuation marks and spelling of words. However, even if a person simply rewrites texts, the rules will begin to be deposited in his subconscious without additional effort.

Mnemonics - a quick way to learn the rules of the Russian language

Mnemonics is a memorization technique that has been used since before our era. This method was used by ancient orators who needed to learn their long speeches. Most researchers attribute its invention to Cicero. So, what is the most quick way learn the rules of the Russian language? Practical examples The following will help you figure this out.

• How to remember the use of the verbs “put on” and “dress”? “I dress Hope by putting on clothes.”
• “It’s not wonderful, not wonderful, but dangerous and terrible to write the letter “t” in the words “interesting” and “tasty” in vain. This text will help you better remember seven words that do not use the letter “t”.
• How to remember the cases of the Russian language? A funny tongue twister will help you cope with this task. For example, “Ivan Gave Birth to a Girl, Ordered to Drag the Diaper.” Or “Ivan Chopped the Wood, Varya Stoked the Stove.”
• How to quickly learn prefixes that need to be written together? It’s enough to remember the word “automobile, bicycle, photo and radio repairer.”
• After the letter “C,” “I” is always written, but there are exception words. They are quite easy to learn: “A gypsy on tiptoe tutted a chick to a chicken.”

The funnier the phrase, the easier it is to remember. For example, “Whoever writes “CA” in verbs is a real sheep.”

Creative methods

Using mnemonics is a quick way to learn the rules of the Russian language. Of course, there are other creative methods. For example, you can try to sing a rule that is difficult to remember. In this case, it will certainly be etched in memory.

Another effective way- speak complex text into the recorder. You should listen to this recording regularly before going to bed. Finally, the text of the rule can be shouted, this also promotes memorization.

Now it's time to write the second part. It turned out that quite a lot of people are interested in issues of quick memorization. Be sure to read the first part of the article. There you can find a lot useful information, which will really be useful to you in practice. It also highlights the basic principles that should be followed when memorizing quickly. Let's remember them:

1. Maximum concentration;

2. Physical condition;

3. Brightness of images;

4. Motivation;

5. Understanding;

I will not go into detail, since this was covered earlier.

By the way, between these posts I noticed another useful thing. To make memorization go faster, several actions are necessary. Surely you will say that this contradicts the principle of maximum concentration. It turned out, on the contrary, they live very well together.

I noticed this before. For example, in preparation for the session, I often played various shooters. Before the fight, I would read about 1 paragraph of text and then repeat it until they took me out. Then the next paragraph and so on. It turned out that I remembered quite a lot. I'm not saying this is the fastest option, but it got me thinking.

I tested my theory and in several sources I actually came across a similar statement in books about how to quickly learn. For example, I found information that while the teacher was memorizing a poem, she forced the boys to do push-ups. This allowed the boys to learn the verse much faster than before. So combine useful things. How can this be done?

o Repeat the information when you shower;

o Do stretching exercises and study;

o Drive a car and listen to audio books;

o Tell the text to yourself while primping yourself in front of the mirror;

o Prepare food and read the necessary information during breaks;

Personally, tips like this really help me, so I recommend you try them too. Now let's look at the processes of quickly mastering the material using specific examples.

How to quickly learn traffic rules

I immediately remember how I myself prepared for the driving test. To tell the truth, I skipped the theory and studied only occasionally, looking at the tickets from time to time. Of course, this did not bring me good results. And in general there were no results, since I poorly understood them. I learned everything in practice, but this was not enough. Not enough at all. The internal test exam was just around the corner and I was faced with a serious question: how quickly did the rules traffic?

The search led nowhere, so I decided to use the good old principles of quick memorization, and also did some analysis. I came across a very convenient program “Traffic Auto Exam”, with which you can solve tickets, look at statistics and comments. In general, I found it quite convenient, but it was paid. Looking at the amount (30 rubles, I think), I grinned and bought myself a version. This is not an advertisement for the app, it really helped me.

Over the course of 2 days, I literally spent 3-4 hours solving the tickets, and then I came and passed the exam on the first try. Although all the test options did not work for me. There were still mistakes. Out of 80 questions, there are only two. This was enough to gain admission.

So, if you want to learn the rules of the road quickly, just start learning them more intensively. You don’t have to buy the program, but use a regular ticket book. The most important thing is to constantly repeat them, sort out mistakes and you will succeed. If this option is convenient for you, please do so.

By the way, this memorization allowed me to really understand the rules. Situations that previously seemed incomprehensible to me have now become simple. I even gave advice to my mother, who had been driving for four years. So don’t think that you’ll just memorize the tickets and nothing will remain in your head. Quite the opposite. I honestly tried to understand all the traffic rules, but without examples it is quite problematic to do this. The ticket solution is ideal.

Perhaps it’s worth telling about one more way to quickly learn AB or CD tickets. Watch training videos. It was difficult for me to figure out how to behave in cases where the traffic controller determines the departure. It really seemed complicated and incomprehensible. I just typed a request in Yandex and watched a 10-minute video. That's it, after that the questions on this topic disappeared. And absolutely everything.

How to quickly learn text

The following is a specific example. Wow, it turns out I know a lot of useful information. Texts need to be learned in all educational institutions. And this is still a hassle. Nature has rewarded me with a good memory for words, which I made excellent use of at school. But when I arrived at the institute, I realized that this was not enough. Then I wondered how to quickly learn a large text, and even here my favorite books came to my aid (I wrote about another benefit of them in the article “How to become smarter”).

I would like to say right away that it is almost impossible to understand the meaning of the entire text in one reading. The authors recommend reading the text 3 to 5 times, and only then retelling it. I prefer the average value, that is, four.

1. During the first reading of the text, you just need to look through its eyes, note the content, some key phrases that are remembered most, and understand the structure. In general, it’s easy to get acquainted. Run through your head which sections you found particularly difficult and which sections became clear to you immediately. Focus your attention on words whose meaning you don't know.

2. The second reading is the longest. It is necessary to carefully read each sentence and fully understand the meaning. Re-read one line several times, but understand what the author wanted to tell you. If necessary, use the Internet if something is not clear. After this, try to retell the text out loud and identify the moments that you remember poorly.

3. For the third time, read only those sections that turned out to be the most difficult for you, try to tell them to yourself in a language that you understand.

4. Do the fourth reading backwards. Start from the last point and gradually move towards the beginning. After this, also retell the text from the end. This will allow you to completely remember any text and keep it in your head for a very long time. This is especially true for those who wanted to learn how to learn a story or any other prose.

Related information.

I think this will help:
step 1. open the textbook
step 2. read the rule
step 3. read it again
step 4. 1. Write letters. A 2008 study conducted at Kyoto University showed that if you spend 15-20 minutes remembering and writing down your sad thoughts and minor troubles that have happened recently before you start cramming, your study efficiency will increase dramatically. The fact is that we remember everything negative a priori very well. And all the information that arrives immediately after the epistolary outpourings will be perceived by the brain as “bad” by inertia, and therefore will be reliably recorded. Not the most fun method, but it really works.
2. Take care of nature. It turns out that the tradition of domestic students to prepare for exams at their dachas is very wise. Three years ago, psychologists from the University of Michigan found that contemplating nature increases cognitive function by as much as 20%. By the way, you don’t have to go out into this very nature; you can just look at the photographs for 5-10 minutes.
3. Scream louder. Words are remembered 10% better if you shout them. It is not necessary, of course, to yell “cat!” or “go for a walk!” at the whole house. It is enough to say each word loudly and clearly several times.
4. Be more expressive. Another tip for learning difficult languages: sign all the words and phrases you learn. Literally: if you are learning the conjugation of the verb “jump” - jump. And if you need to learn a dialogue or complex phrase, act out a scene. You'll see, everything will be remembered amazingly quickly.
5. Listen to yourself. Having learned some information, speak it into the recorder. And when you fall asleep, turn on this recording quietly - you need to sleep to it. This is amazing effective way in order to consolidate already familiar but poorly remembered things.
6. Don't sit still. Learn poems, textbooks and reports by making circles around the room. The fact is that walking activates your brain, and your ability to remember increases significantly.
7. Change your surroundings. If you need to prepare for two exams (or meetings) in one evening, do it in different rooms. The information that we remember under different circumstances is not mixed up in our heads.
8. Throw out words. A super way to learn a large amount of continuous text, for example, the words of a song or a report. Rewrite this text, leaving only the first letter of each word, and learn it, trying to remember these words. Naturally, at first you will have to look at the original, but in the end you will only need to look at the truncated version and the text will instantly come to mind. This cheat sheet is very convenient to take with you.
9. Get more sleep. The longer you sleep after you've learned something, the better you'll remember that information the next morning. Sleepless nights, on the contrary, significantly impair memory. It’s better to sleep a couple of hours before the exam than to try to learn “a couple more tickets.”
10. Play sports! A lot of research has been conducted on this topic, and everything has been confirmed: aerobic exercise improves cerebral circulation and memory. Do Fit-bo or dance before sitting down to read your books: you can even learn “Eugene Onegin” by heart. Well, or at least the first stanza.

Verb conjugation.

To the second conjugation

We will take it without a doubt

All verbs that are in -it,

Excluding shaving, laying.

And also: look, offend,

hear, see, hate,

drive, breathe, hold, endure,

And depend and twist.

You will remember, friends,

They cannot be conjugated with -E.

And here are some more verbs with -sya.

Whoever writes CA in verbs is a real SHEEP!

If you really want to, you can memorize any rule, but it’s easier and more fun with memory sticks.

A rule - that’s what it’s a rule for, that it’s needed learn, memorize, drive iron nails into your head. There is no other way!

This is why children at school study Russian for so many years in order to speak and write correctly and be able to express their thoughts.

If you failed at school, then that's your problem, because later in life you most likely won't have time to learn the rules of the Russian language.

Here is detailed material on how to remember the rules of the Russian language. I won’t retell the article. Don't be lazy to follow the link. http://mogu-pisat.ru/stat/metod/?ELEMENT_ID=202948amp;clear_cache=Y

Here is our method that was given to us by an old Russian language teacher.

This is how I remembered the roots for the rest of my life with alternating growth, growth and growth.

All the sonorant consonants in this word are lemonary.

Good luck in Russian.

At school we were taught to memorize questions that are answered by an adverb, so that it would be easier to parse the sentence according to its composition. We memorized in the form of a poem:

where, where, when, where, why, why and how?

We’ve already written about cases, so I won’t repeat them.

There are many interesting examples to remember the rules faster and better. But the most important thing in studying native language- this is (excuse the banality) constant training, memorization and repetition of all (!) spelling and punctuation grammars. It’s not at all difficult to memorize them if you start at least in the fifth grade. In the classroom, several rules are not taught. And one, small, lesson can be learned in 45 minutes. I am sure that if you pay attention in class, you can understand and learn all the rules included in the school curriculum without homework.

This is why the Russian language is considered very difficult for foreigners to learn (along with Chinese and Korean), because there is no specific system for rules. There are individual verses or phrases to memorize, but they cover only a small part of the Russian language. The rest will have to be learned through training and cramming.

Read more. Those who read a lot not only speak more correctly, but also write more correctly. Even without always knowing the rules, nevertheless, a person writes from mistakes, something like visual memory. So teach your children to love reading: they will broaden their horizons and improve their spelling. Well, the rules are a matter of technique.

When analyzing a sentence, when the main (subject, predicate) and secondary (object, definition and circumstance) members of the sentence are emphasized, the circumstance can be determined by the following questions:

Where? Where? where? How?

Why? For what? and how much?

Here's how to remember accents:

I poured merlot into the spout, it turned out to be bullshit!

Same (same) as

Also (can be replaced by I)

Glass, tin, wood (WINDOW: there is glass and wood and tin (iron))

Either, don’t forget a little line.

I have this diagram about the prefixes PRE and PRI:

at- means closeness to something, proximity (ex. coastal - close to the shore, arrive at the station, arrive by car, receive guests)

pre- means exaggeration, embellishment (excellent, beautiful, lovely).

And cases can be taught from the poem:

Ivan Gave Birth to a Girl, Ordered to Carry the Diaper.

And the rules can be outlined schematically, then it’s easy to remember.

How to learn a rule and learn to apply it

Read carefully

Things won't progress if you study while listening to music or with the TV on. Settle in convenient location and concentrate on the textbook. Read the rule carefully, paying attention to the highlighted words, examples and diagrams. If the essence of what was written did not fit into your head right away, read the text again.

Think about it

Don’t cram, but delve into the essence of the rule. Say each point to yourself. Deal with unclear words and formulations, try to retell the rule in your own words. Look carefully at the examples. They show the effect of the rule in practice. They will make it easier to understand the meaning.

Victoria Romanova, a teacher of the Russian language at the Adukar Educational Center, talks about writing complex nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.

Remember

By comprehending the rule, you start the process of memorization. All that remains is to keep the information in your head. Retelling it out loud will help with this. Memorizing is hard - train your memory. Learn to reproduce the theme at home, and you can easily repeat it at the board or to yourself when you encounter a spelling problem in the text or a problem with punctuation.

Put it into practice

The ability to write correctly can only be brought to automaticity through practice. After thoughtfully completing the exercises, you will no longer have to pronounce the rule every time. To keep it from fading, periodically return to theory and assignments on this topic.

What else will help you better understand and remember the rules?

Mnemonics

Places in the rules where you need to remember a lot of exception words are quickly stored in memory using mnemonic phrases (a way of remembering information using associations). One of these: “I healed the wound and climbed a tree.” This line helps to distinguish between words that are oral speech sound the same. You will find ready-made associations in the book by E. A. Lisovskaya “Knots for Memory, or Mnemonic Methods for Studying Spelling.”

Charts and tables

To collect a large rule into one picture, use diagrams or tables. Also look for infographics in Adukar’s public page on the Russian language.

It’s also good to learn a language from videos. You will find videos that follow all the rules that will be useful at the CT in our online Russian language training service.

Understanding word structure

To apply the rules correctly, you need to see the structure of the word. It is important to understand that the root or suffix contains the spelling. The easiest way to parse a lexeme into morphemes is to select words with the same root.

Definition of part of speech

The spelling often depends on the part of speech to which the word belongs. Learn to clearly distinguish between an adverb from a noun with a preposition or an infinitive from a verb in the imperative mood.

Syntactic skills

To use punctuation marks correctly, learn to understand the composition of a sentence and highlight its parts. Correctly constructed circuit non-union proposal, will save you from punctuation errors.

If a student is able to parse a sentence completely, this will help him when putting punctuation marks. The diagram will be useful for proposals with different types communications. You also need to pay attention to the presence of phrases (participial, adverbial), interjections, and addresses.

Svetlana Pashukevich, Russian language teacher at the Adukar educational center

Instructions

Without knowing the rules, you cannot master proper writing.

You must understand the main idea of ​​the rule, its essence.

A competent teacher will always structure a lesson in such a way that the student is not an object, but a subject of learning. He must teach the child not to receive ready-made knowledge, but to obtain it himself.

If a student comes to a discovery on his own during a lesson, then learning the rules is not difficult, because he understands what they are talking about.

Studying the spelling of the letters “i”, “s” after “ts”, students easily remember the exception words using the funny phrase: “A gypsy tiptoed to a chicken.” If you add an illustration of how funny a gypsy sneaks up on a chicken, then learning this rule will not cause any difficulties.

If children can identify parts of speech, this will also simplify the process of understanding the rule.

When learning the rules regarding punctuation marks, the ability to clearly see the structure of a sentence and highlight its parts will help you.

Learn to work with sentence diagrams. In graphical form using a diagram, the rule is much easier to remember.

Sources:

• how to remember the rules

Rules are various kinds of generally accepted norms. Without rules, human life would be chaos. Rules accompany us everywhere: on the street, at a party, in public places, etc. We are taught many norms of behavior from childhood, and we take them for granted. But there are rules that we must study, without which it is impossible to obtain an education or master a profession. These include, for example, the rules of the Russian language and various laws. Memorizing a huge number of such norms will help you successfully apply them in practice.

You will need

• - textbook
• - collection of tasks (exercises)

Instructions

Tune in to memorize the rule, determine how much time you will need for this. Learn the rules in a hurry and under the influence of any distractions (TV,).
Decide for yourself why you are memorizing - just to answer in class, or will you need it in later life.

Read the rule carefully, pronouncing each word clearly.
To successfully remember a rule, you need to understand the essence of its content. To do this, you need to determine the meaning of each word in it.
Keywords can be underlined or highlighted in color. This way, visual memory will work faster, and when you subsequently play the rule, you will remember the highlighted words.
In addition to highlighting keywords, if possible, it would be effective to present this rule graphically, for example, in the form of a diagram or table.
In order to better understand the content of the rule, you can restate it, if possible. For example, the rule has the following structure: “If there is..., then we do...”. Let's put it this way: “We do... when there is...”.
If a rule consists of several points, then first think about each part separately. To remember, associate the content of each item. This could be a cause-and-effect relationship between them, or the use of all points in one specific situation.
Use your imagination and creative imagination and try to figuratively imagine the content of the rule. This technique is actively used by kindergarten teachers when explaining any norms to children.

Connect new knowledge with previously learned knowledge. This way you will refresh your memory of the material you have covered and, in comparison with it, you will better remember the new one. New information is easier to remember when you already have knowledge about the topic.

After the formulation of a rule, it is usually followed by its application in practice. Check them out. Compare the phenomena that are in the sample with those mentioned in the rule.
Complete the suggested training exercises to consolidate the acquired knowledge. As you perform them, recite the wording of the rule.
Perform various types of exercises, so you will remember the possible nuances of this rule.
Repeat the contents of the rule even when you “automatically” use it in practice. This will allow you to confirm it correct application.

Retell the rule to someone close to you or repeat it to yourself by closing the . It is also helpful if someone reads the first part of the rule to you and you continue. Or, on the contrary, you are asked in what case something specific is being done, and you name this condition.

Video on the topic

Please note

When you remember the rule, try not to be distracted by extraneous matters and thoughts.

Useful advice

It is best to remember the rules in the morning or evening.

Sources:

• How to remember correctly in 2019

Mastery of spelling rules determines a person's literacy level. This aspect greatly influences his professional image. Russian spelling norms cover such sections as roots with alternating vowels, combined and separate spelling of “not” with various parts speeches, vowels after sibilants; continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of words, as well as rules spelling consoles.

Rules spelling consoles are needed not only to regulate the correct graphic design of a word. In some cases, one or another spelling of the prefix may affect. For example, “ ” means to be in some place for a long time, and “to arrive” means to arrive somewhere. In addition, the prefix can help in “deciphering” the meaning of the word. Thus, the prefix conveys the meaning of a high degree of quality or action, and it can be replaced with the words “very”, “very” (for example: pleasant, successful). In other cases, the meaning is acquired “through”, “in a different way”, as in the prefix re-, (for example: transgress, transform). The prefix pri-, in turn, can create a semantic meaning of spatial proximity (for example: coastal, ); additions, approximations, accessions (for example: attach, nail, adjoin); incomplete action (for example: open, pause), bringing an action to completion (for example: invent, prepare), performing an action in someone’s interests (for example: hide, save). The phonetic features of the language also influence consoles. The choice of consonant “s” or “z” without-/bes-, voz-/vos-, vz-/vs-, from-/is-, niz-/nis-, raz-/ras- depends on the subsequent sound. They are written with the letter “z” before vowels and voiced consonants (b, v, g, d, g, z, l, m, n, p) and with the letter “s” before voiceless consonants (k, p, s, t , f, x, c, h, w, sch). For example: irrevocable -, wound - scare, spread - open. However, it must be remembered that the prefix s- always remains the same, regardless of whether it is before a voiceless or voiced consonant (for example: do - cut, scrape - rake).Rules spelling consoles also regulate the graphic transmission of words with foreign language post-, sub-, -, dez-, counter-, trans-, post-, pan-. In these cases, the root begins with the vowel “and”, unlike spelling words with Russian prefixes, where instead of “and” there are “s” (for example: find, play along). Exceptions are the prefixes inter- and super-, after which “and” is retained (for example: super-interesting).

“On the boardwalk terrace, the well-known freckled Agrippina Savvichna treated the collegiate assessor Apollon Ippolitovich with vinaigrette, shellfish and other dishes.” This tricky dictation was written by our grandmothers to prove their literacy. As a rule, few people managed to get by without making mistakes the first time. But the examinees remembered for the rest of their lives the spelling of those words that they failed. Today, children need to first translate a passage from classical Russian to modern Russian. Because, as philologist teachers assure, the vocabulary of today's children and teenagers is rapidly declining.

Recently, in one of the Moscow schools, eleventh-graders, while recording a passage from dictation, unanimously wrote “with the rokobes” instead of “Griboyedov fought with the obscurantists.” Because “rock” and “demons” are somehow understandable, but no one has heard of “obscurantists.” As well as about “threshing” or, say, about “brochure”.

So if you want to raise a literate child, first of all inspect your home bookshelves: after all, in addition to the spelling dictionary ed. V.V. Lopatin, it would be good to include, at a minimum, an explanatory dictionary and an orthoepic one. And, of course, teach the child to use them.

But let’s return to the unforgettable freckled Agrippina: it turns out that the relevance of the text remains to this day. After all, almost every word in this dictation is based on some specific rule.

Judge for yourself:

• “cobblestone” - suffix -chat- (the suffix -schat- does not exist);
• “not unknown” is written together, because it can be replaced with the synonym “known”. And after Russian prefixes on consonants, instead of and, it is written ы;
• “regaled” - if in the 1st person the verb ends in -yu (I regaled), then we choose the suffix -eva-.

Well, you need to know the spelling of such names and patronymics as Agrippina Savvichna and Apollon Ippolitovich, because today ancient names in big fashion. So, in 20 years, this knowledge may come in handy when you have to write to your partners, colleagues, and even more so to your superiors.

Where are the literate ones?

“Recently, a 5th year student of the philology department of a well-known and respected university came to our practice. Her notes for the first lesson began like this: “Hello children” - without a comma!” — the director of a Moscow school says indignantly.

And many are ready to share this indignation. After all, it’s already somewhat banal to say that universal literacy is falling. Why is all this happening and what to do about it?

Causes of illiteracy:

1. The first, which is always cited by teachers, psychologists and sociologists, is the lack of reading habit. And it’s not just children and teenagers who don’t read, but everyone in general. Or they read, but that’s not it: in the “literary waste paper” not only will you not find examples of literate speech, but also with proofreading things are very bad.
2. Internet communication also makes its contribution: the abbreviations, slang, and careless handling of spelling involuntarily transferred into normal written speech.
3. We have to admit that training in schools and universities has deteriorated.
4. Much depends on the fact that parents are looking for the problem in the wrong place. A child gets bad marks in Russian, but is scolded for laziness. He can’t put two words together, but they push him into the strong class with a complicated program: they say, it’s better to be lagging behind there than in the usual average. And as a result, they trigger possible speech therapy problems, which tend to manifest themselves as illiteracy.

Cause: disease

So, in the pursuit of literacy, the first thing you need to do is show the future student to a speech therapist. And the sooner, the better.

“By the age of four,” says speech therapist Olga Kovalevskaya, “it is possible to determine whether a child is at risk. And this is exactly the age when treatment will be most effective.”

What should alert parents and become a reason to go to a specialist:

• the child does not pronounce all sounds clearly, replaces some with others (r - l, s - w);
• does not distinguish speech sounds by ear (voiced - dull, hard - soft, whistling - hissing);
• skips syllables in words: for example, instead of “ve-lo-si-ped” he pronounces “ve-lo-ped”;
• the baby is underdeveloped fine motor skills(cannot tie shoelaces, fasten buttons, etc.);
• visual-spatial representations are not sufficiently formed (cannot copy an image, confuses right - left, top - bottom, etc.).

Reading and writing impairments appear already by the middle of 1st grade. For example, a student with dyslexia rearranges or skips letters and sometimes syllables when reading aloud.

And those who have dysgraphia write lowercase y instead of lowercase d, and f instead of v. He also skips or rearranges letters in words. And even if he learns all the rules, he will make many mistakes in dictations. The last problem is faced by those who can be diagnosed with dysorthography by a speech therapist.

The Myth of Innate Literacy

It happens that it is not possible to find a test word due to a poor vocabulary. But a speech therapist will no longer help with this problem - if children read little, where will rich vocabulary come from?

Respect for books has been instilled since the age of 3. And it starts with how often the child sees mom and dad with a book. And how often and how much they read to him.

“Sometimes I hear a person boasting: “I never learned the rules, but I write without mistakes! I have innate literacy!” says psychologist Andrei Sokolov. “From here we can conclude that innate illiteracy also exists. Which means, learn - don’t study, the result is the same? I’m afraid to upset those who believe in this, but the ability to write without errors is, after all, an acquired property, it was simply acquired by those who seem to be able to do it automatically, at an early age.”

What is necessary for the so-called “innate literacy” to appear?

Firstly, you need to have excellent visual memory.

How to develop visual memory? There are many ways. Let's name the most common ones:

1. work with pictures "Find 10 differences";
2. game “What’s missing?”: place 7-10 objects on the table, and when the child says that he remembered them all, ask him to turn away and remove something or rearrange it. The challenge is to determine what has changed;
3. one of the most effective exercises: Show your child a piece of paper with simple shapes or patterns on it and ask him to try to draw them from memory.

Let's study

Suppose best option developments: your child does not have any speech therapy problems, and the family has a cult of reading. All this does not mean that the child will become literate on its own. The process must be controlled and directed.

Before school

1. When reading aloud, pronounce all words clearly.
2. Talk to your child more. Every time you read fairy tales, have a conversation: who main character, where he lives, what he does... And make sure that the child does not answer in monosyllables, but constructs sentences logically.

Primary school

1. In 1st grade, we look at which words the child makes mistakes and always work on the mistakes.
2. We set tasks: find in the text, for example, proper names (including animal names, names of cities). We ask: “How would you write them?”
3. In 2nd-3rd grade everything is the same, but we ask you to also find, for example, all the adjectives. Or all words with an unstressed vowel, etc.
4. To consolidate what has been learned, the so-called “letter with holes” is useful. That is, let him write words in which there are stressed vowels and vowels that the child is sure of, and skip those that he doubts. So that you can think about it later and choose test words with the same root. For example, say... The test word is "milk". This is a great technique for developing self-control.
5. When arranging home dictations, first be sure to read the text out loud and ask the child to close his eyes and, while listening, imagine what the text says. And only then start writing.

High school

1. The greatest mistake of parents of frequently ill children (and today these are the majority) is to forget that homework- this is only a third of what students go through in class. That is, simply completing everything that was assigned for homework is completely insufficient: you must also complete all the exercises that are in the textbook on the missed topic.

And in general, golden rule excellent student: it is not the most capable, but the most diligent who passes the exams best. That is, someone who is not lazy to complete the entire routine of daily tasks. Then the spelling rules will be followed automatically. Moreover, there are not many really difficult ones among them. And if they are not given, you need to turn to the teacher for help.

1. As in elementary school, working on mistakes remains the most important weapon in the fight against illiteracy. It must be inevitable and mandatory! With a good teacher, all students have a special notebook where they write down words in which they made mistakes. Then dictations are compiled from these words: it is quite enough to write them 2 times a week for 5 minutes.

Memos

Does your child, with unpleasant persistence, forget the rules and make a mistake out of a mistake? It is very difficult not to break down and scold him. But you will have to restrain yourself: anyway, shouting will not do any good, and intolerance in this matter is a bad help. Believe me, the more fun the fight, the easier it is to win.

The Russian language is very logical. Let's take the same Agrippina Savvichna as an example: what does she have on her nose - freckles or freckles? And it’s immediately clear why it’s spelled “freckled.” An experienced teacher knows: if children laugh at a mistake, they will probably remember it for the future correct spelling words.

How do you remember all the voiceless consonants? Try to memorize s - t - p - k - x - h - w - sch - c - f. It's a bit difficult, right? Attention - we turn on our imagination, and now: “Styopka, do you want a cheek? - Fi!” They're all here, and it's easy to remember.

And, for example, the phrase “Zosya is waiting” includes all consonants, after which the suffix -chik- should be placed.

Not sure how to spell "men" and "women"? Use Domostroev’s logic: “a rank for a husband, a cabbage soup for a wife.” You really can't go wrong! Usually children are delighted with such pedagogical tricks.

Discussion

02.12.2017 15:36:44, Rezada

Very good and instructive article. It will be very useful for young mothers, and not only for them, but for many others who want their children to study well and know their native language.

Comment on the article "Russian language: how to become literate. 9 ways and fun memories"

In a month and a half, I learned Russian like never before at school, admired every lesson - the subject in a strong school was a failure from the very beginning - phonetic analysis was trained from the age of six until I was blue in the face, and then from the age of 4...

Discussion

I studied with my son, although for a very long time, using Rusova’s textbook “Russian language for those entering universities.” Such a thin book. There, all the rules of the Russian language and exercises for them were given in a very concentrated form. We went through this textbook with him the summer after 6th grade. We studied for 1.5-2 months, 2-3 hours a day. We never returned to this. But it was enough for him to graduate from school with an A in Russian and enter a university.

04/05/2018 04:10:03, mn-kononova

If there is no time at all, then only a tutor. Optimally - via Skype, so as not to waste time on movement. Rep will identify failures, work on the necessary topics, and provide moral support. And it's not too expensive. Once a week is enough.
If you want trash, then yes, Foxford-interneturk-self-education. But you need to understand that this is 10 times more time-consuming.

How to improve Russian? Good afternoon everyone. Happy New Year everyone! Russian language tutor, preparation for the Unified State Exam. Adult Education: higher education, MBA, advanced training, training, learning foreign languages.

Russian language: a literate child – how? Rules of the Russian language: learn in the game. "Russian language for everyone. Rules of the Russian language. 44 rules that make learning grammar as easy as shelling pears!

Discussion

I join the request. You need the same thing, but online. On the computer the right rule somehow easier to search. Thank you!

I don’t really understand what “a collection of rules for beginners” means: are they special for the first 4 classes? There are simply rules of the Russian language. As for me, nothing better has been invented yet than Ditmar Elyashevich.

Russian language: a literate child – how? Rules of the Russian language: learn in the game. Student literacy. This happened to my daughter and I when we were 6 years old. When I was a child, they started learning the language in a special school in the second grade, that is, at the age of 8.

Discussion

But “Towards an A, Step by Step” somehow didn’t work for us (My son’s Russian grade is decided in almost every trimester - between 3 and 4, but in the last trimester I decided to push him up and took this matter seriously. Every evening!! we wrote a dictation from the book by Uzorova and Nefedova (for his 3rd grade) and did 1 exercise on grammar (sometimes more) from the same Uzorova and Nefedova (in my opinion, the entire course of the Russian language is called 3rd grade. This textbook is good because it is on). Each topic is given a lot of similar exercises that can be done in the textbook without copying it into a notebook. In general, even the teacher noticed that things were getting better. In the end, the grade was a solid 4. The only difficulty is to make me study extra every evening)))