Diseases from rats and mice. What is mouse fever: symptoms in men. Sodoku: how dangerous is this disease

Do you know what diseases rats and mice carry? If not, then our article is a must-read for you right now - this is vital. So, diseases that are transmitted to humans from animals are called natural focal. Most of them an infected person cannot transmit to another person or animal. Often, contact with the focus of infection entails serious consequences - up to death. To avoid such tragic consequences, both the villager and the city dweller must have information about how such diseases are transmitted, the stages of their development, and know the preventive measures in order to prevent infection.

How can infection occur?

There are several ways infection can be transmitted from mice and rats to humans:

Through bites.
The use of infected vegetables, fruits, water.
Through pests living on mice or rats.
Viruses can also enter through the respiratory tract if a person works in rooms where rats or mice have been found to congregate.

What infectious diseases do rodents carry?

Bubonic plague

The infection can be transmitted to humans, both from direct carriers and from pests living on rodents. If a person is bitten by an infected insect or inhales the plague bacteria, death can occur in a few days. But, fortunately, modern antibiotics can cure this terrible disease.

Hemorrhagic fever

An airborne disease. When a person inhales contaminated dust, for example, when excavating, carrying straw or hay, cleaning rooms inhabited by rodents. And also by direct contact with infected animals. The period of fever is 10-45 days. The disease manifests itself immediately and abruptly - severe headaches, fever, pain in the lumbar region begin. After a few days, symptoms such as vomiting, dizziness, weakness, thirst, brittleness in the body, problems with urination (pain) are added. Complications with this disease are very dangerous: cardiovascular or renal failure, swelling of the respiratory system, hemorrhages in the brain.

Leptospirosis

The infection enters the human body through contaminated water or food, as well as through long-term contact with an infected animal. The disease can be caught by swimming in unknown open water bodies, while using unboiled water from such water bodies for domestic needs.

The infection can also enter the human body through microtraumas on the skin or mucous membranes (for example, when treating infected animals). The period of development of the disease is from 5 to 30 days. In the initial stages, a person's temperature rises to 39 degrees, there is a severe headache, nausea, dizziness. Along with these symptoms, pain in the joints and calf muscles also appears, which only intensifies when walking. The face and neck are swollen and red. Sometimes a person may develop a dotted rash, jaundice, less often meningitis. The disease can have serious complications - kidney failure, problems with the liver and the cardiovascular system, clouding of the cornea of the eyeball.

Tapeworms

They live in the body of rodents, and enter the human through contaminated food or water consumed by him. Therefore, it is necessary to wash hands and food. Larvae of tapeworms, when they enter the digestive tract, begin to develop and multiply. Exposing human health to great risks and complications.

Murine typhus

Is it possible to get this disease from mice? Yes, you can - infection occurs when a person is directly bitten by mice or rats. This disease can be cured by taking antibiotics. However, for the elderly or immunocompromised, typhoid infection can be fatal. The main signs of the disease: nausea, fever, fever, severe cough, pain during any movement.

Pseudotuberculosis

This disease has many manifestations, several stages of course, can affect any organs and systems. The infection enters the human body when he consumes products that have not been heat-treated or have lain in vegetable stores for a long time. Less commonly, a person becomes infected after drinking milk or dairy products, untreated water. The most dangerous months of the year, when the risk of getting sick increases several times, are February and March.

The incubation period of the disease is from 5 to 20 days. Most often, the manifestations of pseudotuberculosis are acute and fast - the general condition of a person worsens sharply, weakness, fragility of muscles and joints sets in, the temperature rises, and the head hurts. A severe runny nose is also possible, the skin of the face, neck and palms turns red, the throat tickles, it hurts to swallow. After a couple of days, an infected person has a decrease in appetite, nausea; a large punctate rash appears on the skin, similar to a rash with scarlet fever.

Preventive measures

First of all, in all situations it is necessary to avoid direct contact with rodents and their droppings.
Do not eat food with obvious bites or excretions of mice or rats.
Stocks of food should always be stored in closed boxes so that pests cannot climb through.
In dusty warehouses and storage facilities, there should be only wet cleaning. To be carried out, you need to wear protective clothing and a mask.
The yard and personal plot should always be clean, without debris, which attracts small pests.
To prevent leptospirosis, do not allow animals to drink water from open water sources, do not swim in unknown water bodies, and vaccinate pets.
Before eating, be sure to thoroughly wash vegetables and fruits that have been stored in warehouses or in the basement.

The problem of what kind of disease can be contracted from mice or rats of the owners who are fighting the appearance of these "uninvited" guests is not worried. These are also preventive measures that will protect against infection with life-saving diseases of infectious origin. Even installing a household repeller is a big deal, especially during the cold season.

Which specialist to contact for help

If, after contact with rodents, or after their bite, you observe signs similar to the symptoms of an infectious disease - malaise, nausea, weakness in the body, high temperature, contact an infectious disease specialist immediately. If the bite sites are very reddened and swollen, it may be necessary to treat the infected area with special compounds, and possibly surgery.

The time has come for the first trips to the country, to the village. You joyfully open the door of your favorite house and understand that in your absence, the rightful owners there were ... mice. And these gray tailed little animals are not as harmless as they seem! Moreover, gnawed food and bed linen, filthy rooms are not the biggest damage that mice bring. Often, rodents become carriers of severe infections, such as hemorrhagic fever or yersiniosis. Why are these dangerous and how can you get rid of harmful mice?

Hemorrhagic fever

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome- a particularly dangerous viral infection, the source and spread of which are small rodents: mice and rats. Usually the disease begins very rapidly, its characteristic symptoms - severe headache, pain in the muscles and eyes, a sharp increase in body temperature up to 39 C. After 2-3 days there are skin hemorrhages, bleeding, and severe kidney damage which can lead to death in severe cases. The incubation period for hemorrhagic fever is usually 13–15 days. Treatment should be carried out in a hospital under the supervision of doctors.
There is no vaccine against "mouse" fever, so the main disease prevention method - personal hygiene and extermination of rodents. Remember that most often infection occurs in the household way: by inhalation of dust contaminated with mouse secretions, by eating food that has been in contact with mice. So the most important thing is to be careful and try to avoid all this.

Last year, a wave of hemorrhagic fever swept through our country. Cases of the disease have been registered in Tatarstan, Mari El, Bashkiria, Udmurtia, the Jewish Autonomous Region, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg and other regions of Russia. Experts attribute this to the fact that the winter was quite snowy, and the mouse army felt excellent under these conditions and noticeably replenished its strength. This winter, too, was not distinguished by a harsh temper, and therefore it can be predicted that the "mouse" fever will again not bypass us.

In winter, the "mouse" problem mainly affects rural residents. And in the spring, she will stand sharply in front of gardeners who will go out of town to put their country houses and plots in order. You should always remember about disinfectants, work in a mask and gloves, wash your hands thoroughly, and pack the food and water that you take with you.

Yersiniosis

Another problem associated with mice is yersiniosis, an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the intestinal group of the genus Yersinia (Yersinia). The natural reservoir of infection is rodents and birds, which excrete bacteria with feces and urine into the environment. Most often, infection occurs through poorly washed and damaged vegetables and fruits, especially those stored for long periods of time.
The incubation period of the disease is from 1 to 6 days. After that, symptoms of yersiniosis appear: chills, headache, malaise, weakness, muscle and joint pain, sore throat, loss of appetite. The body temperature is subfebrile, sometimes it rises to 38-40 degrees. Along with this, there are often signs of damage to the gastrointestinal tract(pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loose stools with a sharp unpleasant odor, occasionally mixed with mucus, blood.). Small-spotted and punctate rash sometimes appears on the skin followed by peeling. The duration of the gastroenterocolitic form of yersineosis with appropriate treatment is about two weeks.
There are other forms of yersiniosis: eczematous, arthritic, icteric, meningeal, catarrhal, mixed. Rarely, some patients develop yersinia sepsis.
For the diagnosis of yersiniosis, laboratory methods are of decisive importance - bacteriological and serological. The main materials for the study are blood, feces and vomit. In the first days of the disease, if there are changes in the pharynx, a smear is taken from the mucous membrane.
Treatment of yersiniosis is carried out only in a hospital, antibiotics, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and other drugs are used. The course of treatment depends on the form and severity of the disease. After the illness, as a rule, there are no complications (with the exception of the septic form), the negative consequences of yersiniosis are insignificant. However, the ill person should be observed by a doctor and do the necessary tests for another three months.

Prevention of yersiniosis

Cases of infection of children with infectious diseases in kindergartens and health camps, alas, are quite common. The reason may be gnawed by mice and poorly washed cucumbers, carrots, cabbage, beets. This food can be a source of a number of harmful and even dangerous non-food factors for the body, including many bacterial and viral microorganisms, among which the most famous are the causative agents of salmonellosis and botulism, dysentery and typhoid bacilli, etc. Yerseniasis is one of the same diseases.
To protect yourself from harmful pathogens, you need to thoroughly wash vegetables and fruits and observe personal hygiene, including keeping your hands clean. Vegetables and fruits, especially those brought from the market, are washed with boiled water, and the damaged areas of the peel must be cut out.

How to get rid of mice?

The most traditional remedy for mice is, of course, mousetraps. They are placed around the house in the places of "walks" of uninvited guests, stuffed with various mouse goodies. You can also use special glue to catch mice (ALT, Clean House, etc.). It is smeared on a piece of hard plastic or linoleum, and the bait is placed in the middle. Unlike a mousetrap, a glue trap can hold multiple mice at once. By the way, about baits. For some reason, many people believe that mice love cheese more than anything in the world, this delusion probably comes from the time of children's cartoons and fairy tales about mice. In fact, mice prefer food that is more familiar to them: cereals, grains, root crops, bread. For example, a good bait for mice is a piece of bread flavored with a few drops of odorous vegetable oil (sunflower, sesame, corn) for smell.
There are all sorts of chemical poisons against mice, but many do not like to use them. Firstly, there is a risk of poisoning accidentally beloved cats and dogs living in the house or on the site. Secondly, who knows at what point the poison will work. Suddenly, a mouse will hide in some crack to die, of which there are many in a wooden house. The fact that the mouse is dead, you will immediately understand by the smell, which will then haunt you for a long time.
There are some folk remedies for fighting mice. For example, it is recommended to sprinkle the subfloor of the house, the floors in the dry cellar and inside the courtyard buildings with cooled finely chopped wood ash at the rate of one bucket per 5 square meters. m. After such a procedure, the rodents leave within a few days.
Even as a folk remedy, you can finely chop the cork (from the bark of a cork tree), fry it in lard over medium heat and scatter it in accessible places, and put water nearby for drinking.
There is also such a way: grind glass into powder (it is better to take from a burnt out light bulb, it is thinner and crumbles more easily), add zoocoumarin (this poison is sold in nature stores) and vegetable oil with a smell to the glass, mix everything. Spread the resulting slurry into jar lids and arrange around the house. According to many, mice disappear after that.

Little gray mice look very cute. But…!!! They are a source of infection and very often are carriers of many diseases that can be dangerous for humans, and often incompatible with life. High fever, severe headache, shortness of breath, lethargy or confusion, a rapidly spreading rash, sharp pains in the lumbar and kidney areas are clear symptoms of mouse fever in adults.

According to the analytical data of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, a number of infectious diseases are transmitted to humans precisely from rodents (field mice, rats, squirrels). Adults endure the course of the disease much harder than children. Their body is characterized by the appearance of extensive symptoms and the development of various complications, while sometimes it can only proceed like a cold. The most susceptible to infection are men aged 16-50 years.

Incorrect or late diagnosis, improperly selected treatment or its absence can provoke a fatal outcome. Although there is no cure for the virus itself, maintenance therapy makes it easier to endure the disease.

mouse fever- a natural focal rare infectious disease with an acute course (hemorrhagic fever, accompanied by renal, pulmonary or cardiac syndrome), where the reservoir of the pathogen is an animal (rodent class).

The causative agent of the disease: Hantavirus (Hantavirus), having different strains.

Damage zones: small vessels, renal apparatus, lungs, heart.

Geography: in Eurasia, a type of virus is common that causes kidney syndrome, i.e. damages the kidneys. In this case, the disease has a medical name (HFRS), leading to mortality in 10% of cases. Mostly found in Scandinavian countries epidemic nephropathy(EN), which is one of the types of HFRS, but its mortality is several times lower.

An infected rodent is a carrier of the infection for two years. And it is assumed that only certain types of virus can kill them. In other cases, the virus does not pose a serious danger to the rodent.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome- a rarer type of mouse fever, which is predominantly ill in America. But according to statistics, it leads to death about 7 times more often (76%).

Demography: Anyone can get sick, but men aged 16-50 are more likely to get sick.

Incubation period averages 12-15 days, but the individual tolerance of an adult, as well as the state of the immune system and a predisposition to resistance, can increase the incubation period from up to 8 weeks.

Disease severity: varies depending on the virus causing the disease. Hantaan and Dobrava virus infections tend to cause severe symptoms, while Saaremaa and Puumala are more easily tolerated. Full recovery may take several weeks or months.

Since we usually have a mouse fever accompanied by a renal syndrome, the article will focus mainly on it.

Etiology (paths of infection)

Adults can contract mouse fever in several ways.

Indirect contact with mouse feces or urine (airborne)

A common way for adults to contract mouse fever is to ingest the virus from mice through inhalation of dust particles that have been contaminated with the feces or urine of an infected rodent. Dust particles contain infected rodent excrement and, getting into the upper respiratory tract, the virus infects the body. Most of all, people are susceptible to infection, in whose work contact with dust containing rodent secretions is possible. These are janitors, cleaners, builders in old buildings, etc.

Direct contact with urine and feces of mice (alimentary route)

Mouse feces or urine may contain viruses and bacteria. Thus, direct physical contact with mouse feces, especially if through open wounds or mucous membranes, can be a route of disease transmission to humans. Ingestion of food or water contaminated with mouse droppings and urine can also cause fever.

Bites and scratches

An infected mouse contains disease-causing bacteria and viruses on its teeth, in saliva and under its claws. Therefore, often scratches and bites of mice are potential sources of fever infection.

Insect bites

Fleas and ticks that can live in the fur of rodents can also become carriers of the disease. As a result, they can bite people. With this outcome, viruses and bacteria are transmitted to humans and cause mouse fever.

Carcass contact

Mouse fever is an acute infectious disease, the active virus of which lingers in the tissue of a rodent even after its death. Contact of an adult with a mouse carcass without proper protection may result in transmission.

Positive moment. Mouse fever is a one-sided disease. This means that it is transmitted only from mice to humans. An infected person is not the source of the mouse fever virus. Mouse fever infection is not transmitted from person to person.

But for all the time, there was still a single case of transmission of the disease from person to person in Argentina during the outbreak of the virus.

Clinical signs

The disease is characterized by three stages of development:

severe intoxication of the body;
severe kidney damage;
hemorrhage (hemorrhage of the affected from the affected vessels).

A neglected disease (lack of timely treatment) often acquires an irreversible process with a fatal outcome.

Diagnostics

Complicated diagnosis of the disease hinders its treatment. Experienced doctors recommend paying attention to the color of urine, as well as to the quantitative indicators and frequency of urination (sudden changes in the "habitual" indicators clearly indicate the disease).

Fever goes through four stages of its manifestation:

Initial (phase of origin or prodromal phase).
Oligouric (phase of progression of the disease).

At this stage of the development of the disease in an adult, the kidneys are affected and the hemorrhagic syndrome begins its active phase.

Polyuric phase
Stage of convalescence (passive phase of the disease).

The second and third periods are distinguished by a clear progression of the disease. New symptoms appear, which are characterized by the intensity of development.

Symptoms

The first symptoms of mouse fever in adults:

mouse fever is always accompanied by fever;
the mark is located within 40 0 ;
severe dizziness and pain;
the whole body overcomes weakness, malaise;
the mucous membrane of the pharynx acquires a red color;
pains in the kidneys and lumbar region become noticeable.

Sometimes signal symptoms are supplemented:

decrease in heart rate;
decrease in blood pressure;
acute reaction to bright light (the patient's negative reaction to light fluxes is accompanied by the formation of a "grid" in front of the eyes);
redness on the face, neck;
the appearance of flat rashes in the armpit and on the body.

initial stage

The initial (prodromal or febrile) phase is accompanied by a number of symptoms:

a sharp rise in temperature;
trembling and chills;
headaches;
muscle pain;
blurred vision (eyes turn red);
hemorrhagic rashes on the neck, shoulders due to vascular damage;
inability to concentrate.

Symptoms of mouse fever in men at the initial stage are usually more pronounced than in women. On examination, the doctor very often detects Pasternatsky's symptom (pain in the kidneys when tapped). If the disease is advanced, then signs of meningitis may also be observed.

This phase takes 3-7 days and usually occurs 2-3 weeks after the bite.

Hypotensive phase

In addition to the above symptoms, the patient receives tachycardia, hypoxemia (lack of oxygen) and. This is due to the fact that the level of platelets in the blood falls. This condition can last up to 2 days.

Oligouric stage

The oliguric stage (impaired kidney function) begins its active phase after 4-7 days and is accompanied by:

decrease in temperature in the patient;
the appearance of sharp unbearable pain in the lumbar region;
dehydration. The volume of urine decreases significantly (urine acquires a reddish color, and its daily amount fluctuates between 200-500 ml). Symptoms of dehydration include dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, and decreased urine output in most people.
lack of proper sleep;
decreased appetite (possible severe vomiting);
heart rhythm is abnormal. His score is much lower.

Hemorrhage becomes pronounced:

possible hemorrhage into the skin (fragility of small vessels)
various types of bleeding.

Despite the drop in temperature, the patient feels just as bad.

The duration of the stage is usually 3-7 days.

Polyuric (diuretic) stage

Symptoms:

frequent urination (symptoms of diuresis) 3-6 liters per day;
the proper functioning of the kidneys is impaired;
swelling of the eyelids, face;
worried about headaches;
there is no sleep.

It may take from several days to several weeks.

Stage of convalescence (rehabilitation eta)

Signs:

general health improves;
urination indicators are normalized;
there is a good appetite;
pain in the lumbar region is less pronounced.

This stage lasts 4-5 days., and indicates an amendment, but not yet a complete recovery. In an adult, the process of convalescence lasts much longer than in children and it may take more than one month for a full recovery.

Complications - what to fear?

Mouse fever is dangerous for its side effects. Bacterial microorganisms can affect almost any organ system.

Extreme temperatures (typically greater than 105.8°F or 41°C) can be devastating. High body temperature can lead to poor performance of most organs. Such an extreme height of the body temperature entails serious illnesses (for example, sepsis, malaria, meningitis).

Mouse fever is an acute viral pathology. It is spread by rodents. The scientific name of the disease is hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The infection is characterized by severe manifestations of the excretory organs and blood vessels. The initial symptoms of the disease may resemble those of the flu. Often the patient does not attach importance to them, and the visit to the doctor is postponed. Meanwhile, the pathology progresses, and the virus infects the kidneys. Late treatment can lead to serious complications and even death.

The causative agent of the disease and ways of spread

Mouse fever is caused by hantavirus. It is quite resistant to cold, but quickly dies at temperatures above +50 degrees. In Russia, there are 2 types of this infection:

East Virus. It is found in the regions of the Far East and is spread by mice - Manchurian voles. It causes the most severe and dangerous forms of the disease, in which mortality reaches 20%.
Western virus. Observed in the European part of Russia. It is spread by native species of mice - the red one, and the fever caused by this type of infection is milder. It leads to death in only 5% of cases, usually with untimely or insufficient treatment.

Hantavirus passes from mice to humans in the following ways:

Through dust and air. The virus enters the body by inhalation of dry rodent excrement in the form of dust.
Through food. If the food is contaminated with particles of mouse feces, then the infection enters the body through the stomach.
Through skin contact. You can become infected by coming into contact with objects contaminated with rodent secretions. Sometimes infection occurs through the bite of an animal.

It is important to remember that this disease is never transmitted from a sick person to a healthy one. A patient with mouse fever does not pose any danger to others. You can only get infected from animals.

After an illness, a person develops a strong immunity. It is impossible to re-infect this disease.

Mouse fever in men is much more common. Women suffer from this disease quite rarely. This is due to the fact that infection often occurs during agricultural work, in which predominantly men are employed. The incidence usually increases in autumn and winter.

However, this does not mean that you can get this disease only by living in the village. If mice live in a city apartment, then there is a rather high risk of infection.

Infection often occurs during the collection of mushrooms and berries in the forests where voles live, or during work in garden plots. Infection of children is noted in the summer, during the holiday season in pioneer camps and in summer cottages.

Stages of the disease

To understand the symptoms and treatment of mouse fever, you need to understand how the virus spreads throughout the body. The infectious agent enters the body through the respiratory tract, stomach or skin lesions. If a person's immune system works well, it quickly destroys the virus. But when the body is weakened, the infection begins to multiply, and a disease occurs. Pathology has several stages:

incubation period. It can last a different time - from 1 week to 1.5 months. But on average, the latent period lasts 12-14 days. At this time, the virus multiplies in the body.
feverish period. The infection enters the bloodstream and causes intoxication of the body. This stage does not last long, about 2-3 days.
period of oliguria. The virus begins to infect the vascular walls, which causes bleeding. The pathogen leaves the body with urine. This leads to damage to the vessels of the kidneys. This is the most severe stage of the pathology, which lasts from 3 to 9-11 days of the disease.
period of polyuria. This stage of the disease is the beginning of recovery. Symptoms of mouse fever gradually disappear from 11 to 30 days of illness.
Full recovery. This period lasts from 1 to 3 years.

It should be noted that the recovery of the body after an infection takes a long period. The consequences of infection can affect the functioning of the body for several months and even years after the disappearance of acute symptoms.

Mouse fever in women is milder than in men. The manifestations of the disease are not so pronounced. However, asymptomatic and erased pathology is not observed.

Incubation and febrile period

During the incubation period, the patient does not feel any change in well-being. Then the first signs of mouse fever appear:

The patient's temperature rises sharply (up to +39.5 ... +40 degrees). The febrile stage of pathology begins. The fever lasts for about 6 days. At the same time, higher temperatures are observed in the morning and afternoon. By evening, the fever is somewhat reduced.
There are phenomena of intoxication: aching joints, thirst, loss of appetite, general malaise.
The patient suffers from severe headaches, which are aggravated by bright light and eye movement.
The skin of the patient becomes hot, a plaque is noticeable on the tongue.
Patients have redness of the face, neck and eyes. Doctors call this symptom the "hood symptom." The face looks swollen.
At very high temperatures, symptoms resembling meningitis can occur: severe headache with vomiting, tension in the neck muscles, impaired consciousness. This is due to the reaction of the central nervous system to intoxication.
In severe cases, blood pressure drops sharply and a state of shock occurs.

It should be noted that the same manifestations are observed in many other pathologies. Symptoms of mouse fever in adults in the initial period resemble severe influenza, meningitis and many other diseases that occur with high fever and intoxication of the body. There are no specific signs of this infection (hemorrhages, kidney damage) yet. It is often difficult to make an accurate diagnosis at this stage.

Symptoms of mouse fever in children during this period are similar. But in a child, the disease is more severe. It begins acutely, without warning. Already at the initial stage, back pain is observed due to kidney damage. Children become lethargic, drowsy, constantly lying in bed.

Oliguria

At this stage, the specific symptoms of mouse fever develop. The temperature gradually drops, but the patient's condition does not improve, but becomes even more severe.

There are signs of kidney damage, which manifest themselves in lumbar pain of varying intensity. Often this is accompanied by bloating and discomfort in the abdominal cavity. The amount of urine excreted (oliguria) decreases sharply, even with sufficient fluid intake. Because of this, the patient develops edema. In the analysis of urine, the amount of protein increases.

Another manifestation of the disease are hemorrhages and bleeding (hemorrhagic syndrome). The skin is covered with small red dots. There are hemorrhages in the eyeballs. One of the symptoms of mouse fever in women is uterine bleeding. Reddish impurities can be found in urine and feces. Hemorrhages from the nose and intestines are noted. In the photo below you can see hemorrhagic rashes with this disease.

Patients have severe nausea. Sometimes patients vomit even from a sip of water. There are jumps in blood pressure. Frequent complaints of abdominal pain and diarrhea.

Hemorrhages in the brain may occur. At the same time, signs of damage to the central nervous system occur: confusion, delirium, hallucinations, fainting.

Polyuria

During this period, patients feel better. Hemorrhages gradually resolve. The excretory function of the kidneys is being improved. At this stage of the disease, patients dramatically increase the amount of urine (up to 10 liters per day). This is called polyuria. Approximately 1 month after the onset of the disease, urination returns to normal.

convalescence period

Recovery of the body after the disease takes a long period (1-3 years). There are residual effects in the form of weakness, increased fatigue. After the illness, many patients experience a slight dysfunction of the nervous and hormonal systems, which manifests itself in increased sensitivity of the limbs, thirst, and sweating. One of the residual symptoms of mouse fever in men during the recovery period may be impotence.

Within 3-6 months, discomfort and heaviness in the lower back, nighttime urge to urinate, thirst, increased diuresis may persist.

Possible Complications

The disease can lead to serious complications. They usually develop at the oligouric stage. The dangers of a fever include:

Uremia. Due to a sharp decrease in the amount of urine, the body is poisoned by decay products. There is vomiting, an unpleasant odor from the patient's skin, a state of inhibition. Urination may disappear completely. Often this condition ends in a coma with a fatal outcome.
Cardiovascular insufficiency. The complication occurs at the initial stage due to intoxication of the body or during the period of oliguria due to hemorrhage in the adrenal glands. The patient has a sharp drop in blood pressure, while there is a strong tachycardia.
Damage or complete rupture of the renal capsule with hemorrhages. In this case, there are severe unbearable pain in the lower back.
Hemorrhage in the pituitary gland. It is characterized by the development of drowsiness, and then a coma.
Accession of a bacterial infection. Against the background of hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia or pyelonephritis may occur.

Diagnostic methods

Diagnosis and treatment of mouse fever are carried out in a hospital setting. If this disease is suspected, the patient is hospitalized in the infectious or therapeutic department of the hospital.

The following types of examinations are prescribed:

general blood and urine tests;
Ultrasound of the kidneys;
test for antibodies to the virus.

Only an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies can unequivocally indicate the presence of a virus. The results of other studies speak about the disease only indirectly. In the general blood test, elevated ESR and leukocytes are usually noted, and in the urine a reduced density and an increase in protein are detected. Ultrasound of the kidneys shows swelling and changes in the parenchyma.

Treatment Methods

Treatment of the disease is carried out for at least 4 weeks. Within 2-4 weeks, the patient must comply with bed rest. The patient is prescribed a sparing diet with a restriction of coarse food and a predominance of fresh and lean food. It is necessary to ensure that the patient consumes a sufficient amount of fluid.

Therapy of the disease is carried out by the following methods:

A specific immunoglobulin is administered against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. This is the only method of treatment that affects the cause of the pathology. All other therapy is symptomatic.
Patients are given droppers with infusion solutions. This method of treatment helps to reduce intoxication and cause some increase in diuresis. Use solutions of glucose with insulin, "Prednisolone", "Lasix", as well as saline. If urination does not increase, then "Kurantil", "Eufillin", "Dopamine" are prescribed intravenously.
To stop the pain syndrome, "Analgin", "Ketorol", "Ibuprofen", "Baralgin", "Spazgan" are used.
To reduce the temperature, drugs with paracetamol are prescribed.
Antibiotics in this disease are ineffective, since the pathology is not caused by bacteria, but by a virus. Prescribe drugs "Ingavirin", "Amiksin", "Lavomax", "Jodantipirin", "Virazole". They are able to fight a viral infection.
Anti-inflammatory drugs are used: Piroxicam, Aspirin.
To increase immunity, general strengthening agents are used: vitamins C, K and group B.
Nausea and vomiting are stopped with drugs "Cerukal" and "Ceruglan".
In severe kidney damage, hemodialysis is performed ("artificial kidney").

The patient is discharged from the hospital not earlier than 3-4 weeks of illness. Within a year after recovery, you must follow a diet and avoid physical activity. Kidney function is fully restored only 2-3 years after the disease. Within 1-3 years, the patient must regularly visit the attending physician and undergo all necessary examinations.

Prevention measures

There is currently no vaccine for mouse fever. In natural foci during the outbreak of the disease, it is recommended to take the antiviral drug "Yodantipyrin" for prophylactic purposes.

Also, to prevent infection, deratization (destruction of rodents) is carried out. It is necessary to avoid contact with mice, keep food away from them and thoroughly wash vegetables and fruits. Food must be subjected to heat treatment, as the virus dies at high temperatures. When carrying out work in places where rodents accumulate, it is useful to use a gauze bandage on the face, this will protect against inhalation of contaminated dust.