Symptoms and treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis. Intestinal dysbacteriosis - symptoms, causes, treatment and prevention of dysbacteriosis All about intestinal dysbacteriosis

This article describes what dysbacteriosis is, its features, symptoms and causes. The disease differs in types and stages, which are characterized by certain signs. The article contains detailed information about the treatment.

Brief description of the disease

Intestinal dysbacteriosis is a common phenomenon that some doctors consider a disease, while others consider it just a dysfunction resulting from a different pathology or a certain lifestyle. In both cases, we are talking about a violation of the intestinal microflora, which has unpleasant symptoms and is fraught with various complications and consequences.

Normal microflora

Intestinal biocenosis is a variety of microbes in the large intestine, which are present in certain quantities in every healthy person and are the norm. Microorganisms perform many important functions. Bacteria for the intestines are the usual "inhabitants".

Their total weight in this organ in an adult is approximately two to three kilograms. The number of species of microorganisms reaches five hundred. The vast majority of microbes "live" in the colon. The minimum falls on other departments. All intestinal microorganisms are conditionally divided into beneficial bacteria and pathogenic. The first group includes:

bifidobacteria;
lactobacilli;
coli.

Pathogenic flora includes:

peptococci;
mushrooms Candida;
staphylococci;
clostridia.

There are relatively few harmful (or facultative) bacteria. In a healthy person, they “sit quietly”, because immunity does not allow them to “stick out”. Their presence in this state is normal and necessary for a certain balance of power.

Microbial diversity is extremely important for the body, since it performs protective functions, synthesizes vitamins, lowers cholesterol, helps processed food to be absorbed into the intestinal wall, and at the same time activates metabolic processes.

The essence of dysbacteriosis

Dysbacteriosis is the antonym of normbiocenosis. With it, the balance of microflora is disturbed. Beneficial bacteria become less, their activity decreases. Putrefactive bacteria (opportunistic pathogens), on the contrary, multiply rapidly, suppressing their "neighbors".

Extremely unhealthy processes begin.

Deficiency of lactobacilli and other beneficial microorganisms leads to indigestion, reduced immunity, slowing down metabolic processes. The body lacks nutrients, weakens, becomes vulnerable.

Sometimes you can hear the term stomach dysbacteriosis. It is erroneous, since there are not so many microorganisms in the digestive organ that could play a significant role. It is also wrong to look for differences and similarities between dysbiosis, dysbacteriosis. In this case, we are talking about the same thing.

What causes dysbiosis

The imbalance of microflora is always caused by certain factors. The pathogenic process does not start on its own. The causes of dysbacteriosis, in which beneficial microorganisms die, can be:

Dysbacteriosis can be cured only by knowing what provoked it. The factors listed above result in:

Often, severe dysbacteriosis occurs in people who have made a flight from one climatic zone to another. In a short travel time, the body does not have time to rebuild without consequences. In such cases, it is not necessary to treat dysbacteriosis with serious drugs. After adaptation of the body, the normal microflora will be restored. If the signs are pronounced, you can provide first aid in the form of symptomatic treatment.

Varieties of dysfunction

There are such types of dysbacteriosis as acute and chronic. The first occurs in most cases. With adequate treatment, the microflora is restored in a few weeks, all symptoms disappear.

The chronic type is much less common. It develops when it is not possible to defeat dysbacteriosis for months, and sometimes for years. As a rule, recovery is hindered by certain factors. For example, a severe incurable disease, constant stress or alcoholism. Chronic dysbiosis leads to serious consequences for the body.

There is also a classification of pathology according to the type of pathogen. There are fungal dysbacteriosis, proteus, staphylococcal type and associative. Proteus has the easiest and safest course. The most complex type is considered to be associative.

A warning! It is difficult to determine which type is taking place by one symptom. A quality check is required.

Stages of dysbacteriosis

Like most dysfunctions, dysbacteriosis has several stages. They depend on the manifestations of the disease, as well as treatment. The development of pathology occurs in stages:

Dysbacteriosis 1 degree. A decrease in the number of Escherichia coli (escherichia) is recorded. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are present in full composition.
Dysbacteriosis 2 degrees. The number of Escherichia is significantly reduced. There is a slight deficiency of bifidobacteria. The number of pathogenic microorganisms is growing.
Dysbacteriosis 3 degrees. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are much less than necessary. Pathogenic flora provokes malfunctions in the intestines.
Dysbacteriosis 4 degrees. Bifidoflora killed. Almost complete absence of lactobacilli. The intestine is exposed to serious destructive processes.

It is easiest to fix the problem at the very beginning. Normalization of the intestinal microflora in the later stages will take a lot of time and effort. In this case, the disease will have time to cause significant damage to the body.

Advice! At the first clinical manifestations, you should consult a doctor.

Symptomatic picture

The imbalance of microflora may not make itself felt for a long time. Symptoms of dysbacteriosis in adults are often absent in the first stages, appearing only when everything is already quite running. And this is the trick of the disease. In addition, the signs of dysbacteriosis are identical to the manifestations of many other pathologies. None of them are specific.

Dysbiosis is characterized by:

Bad breath. Sometimes this is the only sign of dysbacteriosis. It is explained by putrefactive processes occurring in the intestines.
Diarrhea is a common symptom of dysbiosis. It can occur four to six times a day, or even more often. Dangerous dehydration. Regular diarrhea is a sure sign that something is wrong with the intestines. Feces can be frothy and difficult to flush from the toilet
Constipation is less common than diarrhea. Usually they suffer from elderly patients who have significantly slowed down intestinal motility.
Unstable stool alternates with constipation and diarrhea. The bowel movements can be very offensive. Sometimes there is an unusual color of feces.
Rumbling in the abdomen is heard more often in the initial stages. Indicates problems in the intestines. Over time, flatulence intensifies, a person is literally bursting with gases, his stomach increases. There is frequent belching of air.
Pain is localized in the intestines. The stomach hurts especially badly with constipation, with severe flatulence due to stretching of the intestinal walls. The discomfort is aggravated by pressure.
Nausea, vomiting, internal discomfort, bad taste in the mouth. These signs, which are typical for many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, can also appear with dysbacteriosis. Sometimes there is heartburn.
With dysbiosis, food is poorly absorbed, the body receives less "building materials", which often leads to weight loss.
Deficiency of nutrients in advanced stages is manifested by symptoms such as apathy, drowsiness, depression. A person almost constantly feels a general weakness. It does not go away even after a night's rest. The patient wakes up tired.
Dysbacteriosis is rarely accompanied by an increase in temperature. Such a symptom can make itself felt if there is a strong intoxication of the body. Fever is possible with severe exacerbations of chronic dysbiosis.
Sometimes after eating familiar foods, allergic reactions can occur. Namely - a rash, hyperemia of the skin, itching. Such reactions are explained by a decrease in the protective properties of the body due to disturbed microflora.

Vitamin deficiency resulting from dysbacteriosis can be manifested by brittle nails, dull hair, as well as pallor and dry skin, jams in the corners of the lips. The more serious the stage, the more pronounced the symptoms, which indicate not only a disturbed microflora, but also a general deterioration in health.

Diagnostic measures

An accurate diagnosis of dysbacteriosis can only be made by a professional doctor, who should be contacted at the first alarming symptoms. At the initial stage of the survey will be carried out:

conversation with the patient;
collection of anamnesis;
visual inspection with palpation.

However, only on the basis of data obtained as a result of these actions, a treatment regimen for dysbacteriosis cannot be developed. Be sure to need laboratory research methods that will refute or confirm the presence of a problem, determine the type of pathogen, the stage of the disease.

To date, the main method for diagnosing dysbacteriosis remains bacteriological analysis of feces. Although it is not perfect (it is expensive, takes a lot of time, does not exclude errors), but there is no better method yet.

It is important to properly prepare for the analysis, to collect the material correctly. A few days before the procedure, it is necessary to exclude from the diet everything that can affect the microflora. These are dairy products:

fermented baked milk;
kefir;
sour cream;
kvass;
any alcohol (especially beer);
antibiotics.

When collecting material, it is advisable to take an average portion of feces, and not from the toilet, but from a clean piece of paper. Place the piece in a special sterile flask. Deliver to the laboratory no later than two hours after collection.

Attention! Sometimes you have to take an analysis for dysbacteriosis several times. This is due to the fact that during the collection of material or during the study, errors are made that affect the result.

To diagnose diseases that have become the cause or consequence of dysbacteriosis, other research methods are used. This is a blood test, ultrasound, MRI, CT. Sometimes an x-ray with contrast is prescribed to determine the condition of the intestine. It complements the results of microbiological analysis of microflora.

Features of treatment

Normalizing the situation with dysbiosis in most cases is not so easy. Comprehensive treatment is needed, aimed not only at eliminating the symptoms, but also at eliminating the causes. Its main tasks are:

inhibition of the growth of the number of pathogenic microorganisms;
stimulation of the reproduction of beneficial bacteria;
boosting immunity.

Today in pharmacies there are quite inexpensive, but effective drugs for dysbacteriosis. Their use greatly facilitates the fight against the sore. However, even the best remedies for dysbacteriosis will not help if you do not adjust the diet, do not lead a healthy lifestyle. Poor quality food, bad habits will aggravate the situation.

In some cases, treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in adults is not required. The microflora, disturbed after stress, a series of holidays or climate change, is restored by itself. Treatment of dysbacteriosis after antibiotics may be limited to preparations based on live bacteria.

Complex therapy is required. It takes not one or two days, but several weeks. As a rule, drugs for dysbacteriosis can be taken at home. Only occasionally are hospital conditions required.

Medical therapy

In the treatment of dysbacteriosis, drugs to improve microflora play an important role. These are products containing live bacteria. Their common name is probiotics. In cases where a large number of pathogenic organisms have been sown, treatment should begin with their elimination. Otherwise, beneficial bacteria will have nowhere to settle. Therefore, it is necessary to drink antibiotics from dysbacteriosis. Recommended medications include:

Furazolidone is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. It is considered a powerful antimicrobial agent. Activates the immune system.
Metronidazole has an antiprotozoal and antimicrobial effect. Widely used for abdominal infections.
Levomycetin is considered a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is especially effective in detecting enterococci.

If a fungal type of dysbacteriosis is diagnosed, patients are prescribed a yeast-fighting drug, Candida Fluconazole. It is not an antibiotic, but is considered an antifungal agent.

Doctors try to use all antibacterial drugs very carefully, preferring intestinal antiseptics. They eliminate the pathogenic flora, while not touching the healthy one. The new generation of intestinal antiseptics include:

Dependal-M;
Sumetrolim;
Enterosediv;
Ercefuril;
Intetrix.

Another drug widely used for dysbacteriosis is Enterofuril. After therapy with antibiotics and antiseptics, the free space is populated by beneficial bacteria contained in probiotics. For example, live lactobacilli for the intestines are found in Lactobacterin.

Bifidobacteria - in Bifidumbacterin. Both of these drugs are monopreparations in tablets for the restoration of intestinal microflora. Although there are other forms of release of these drugs. In particular, candles with lactobacilli and bifidobacteria.

Along with monocomponent preparations, polycomponent preparations with different types of bacteria can also be prescribed. Effective agents from this group include, for example, Bifiform. There are also combined probiotics containing beneficial and pathogenic organisms - Acipol, Bifiliz. To stimulate the growth of healthy bacteria, Linex is used. Bilaminolact, Ecoflor have a similar effect.

Activated charcoal is prescribed to remove toxins from the body. It should be used to a limited extent. The means of this action also include Polyphepan, Polysorb. Prebiotics are relevant for dysbacteriosis, stimulating the growth of healthy microflora. These substances are found in food. Special drugs may be prescribed - Hilak Forte, Duphalac (syrups) or Bactistatin capsules.

Treatment of dysbacteriosis should be complex. It is aimed at eliminating the root cause, which often becomes a gastrointestinal disease. The drugs used depend on the specific pathology. It can be:

Omez has a pronounced antiulcer effect.
Mezim is an enzyme agent. It is prescribed for serious digestive disorders.
Pancreatin is used in diseases of the pancreas. Helps improve food digestion.
De-nol is indispensable for gastritis. It has an astringent and enveloping effect.

If signs of dysbacteriosis are pronounced, symptomatic treatment may be required. So, for example, diarrhea is eliminated by Loperamide. This drug normalizes the stool, but has absolutely no effect on the intestinal microflora. Pain is relieved with analgesics. Constipation is treated with laxatives.

Important! Symptomatic treatment is not able to eliminate the cause, therefore it is carried out exclusively in the course of complex therapy.

Diet and folk remedies for dysbiosis

Nutrition in dysbacteriosis plays an important role. Recovery largely depends on it. The purpose of the diet is to protect the intestines from negative influences (mechanical, thermal). Food should be steamed, stewed or boiled. It should be taken according to the schedule - often, but little by little. You can eat:

low-fat varieties of fish, meat;
vegetables, fruits, berries that have undergone heat treatment (except grapes, bananas, sweet apples);
greenery;
cereals;
nuts;
legumes.

Diet for intestinal dysbacteriosis in adults excludes:

fatty;
roast;
food full of preservatives;
acute;
fast food;
ice cream;
condensed milk;
most products that provoke flatulence;
semolina and rice porridge;
soda;
alcohol.

Folk remedies for dysbacteriosis are often based on food. For example, it is proposed to use raspberry, blueberry, pomegranate, cranberry, strawberry juices as antiseptics. Dill, cumin have a carminative effect, on the basis of which decoctions and infusions are prepared. To get rid of dysbacteriosis, it is recommended to eat more garlic and Jerusalem artichoke.

Herbal medicine is widely used. For example, with diarrhea, fixing decoctions of their oak bark are prepared. Mint, calendula, St. John's wort help to stop the pain syndrome. They fight constipation with enemas based on a decoction of chamomile.

Dysbacteriosis in children

Dysbacteriosis in a child is more common than in an adult. Especially when it comes to breasts. The development of pathology is facilitated by an unformed digestive system, the almost complete absence of one's own immunity. Higher risk of infection in artificial babies.

Dysbacteriosis manifests itself in children with frequent loose stools or, conversely, its long absence; restlessness, sleep problems, loss of appetite, prolonged crying. Such babies can be severely underweight. Symptoms of intestinal dysbacteriosis in children are not always pronounced. The deviation can be manifested only by a slight rumbling in the stomach. And you should not ignore this sign, because the situation can worsen.

Treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in children depends on the age of the young patient. Artificial babies are transferred to special mixtures, kefir is introduced into the diet. If the baby's nutrition is mother's milk, then the mother is advised to reconsider her menu. Most often, the reasons are in his errors.

Older children, as well as babies suffering from serious dysbacteriosis, may be prescribed antibiotics, preparations containing enzymes. But in any case, it is necessary to adjust the nutrition.

Important! Pay special attention to ensure that the child's body receives enough vitamins.

So, dysbacteriosis is not an independent disease, but a consequence of another pathology or an unhealthy lifestyle. If you care about prevention, the intestines need to be protected. Eat normally, do not abuse alcohol, try not to take antibiotics unless absolutely necessary, wash your hands before eating, treat all diseases in a timely manner, undergo regular medical examinations, and avoid outbreaks of epidemics. For young children, the best preventive measure is breastfeeding.

If dysbacteriosis nevertheless made itself felt, it is necessary to start its treatment immediately. The chronic form is fraught with such serious complications as secondary intestinal infections, diverticulitis, enterocolitis, sepsis, peritonitis.
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The body with it constantly lacks the necessary substances, which leads to a deterioration in the general condition - both physical and moral. Acute dysbacteriosis can lead to dehydration. This is especially true and dangerous for young children, who may even die.

The disease cannot be ignored. With a competent approach, dysbacteriosis is successfully treated, the prognosis is favorable.

Good day, dear readers!

In today's article, we will discuss with you dysbacteriosis and everything connected with it.

However, before we begin, it is worth noting that it is almost impossible to hear such a concept as “dysbacteriosis” outside the countries of the former USSR, because. it is difficult to prove this state from a practical point of view. This is due to the fact that the analysis of feces for dysbacteriosis does not provide an objective assessment of the quantity and quality of bacteria in the intestine, and therefore, the lack of objectivity in diagnosis does not allow prescribing objective treatment. This can be confirmed by the absence of the term "dysbacteriosis" in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).

Nevertheless, since the concept of "dysbacteriosis" still exists on our lands, and perhaps this issue really needs to be distinguished with all seriousness, we will consider it. Moreover, many things have not yet been fully established by various scientists and medical specialists. So…

What is intestinal dysbiosis?

Intestinal dysbacteriosis (dysbiosis)- a pathological condition, a syndrome characterized by a violation in the intestine of the quality or quantity of beneficial microflora, and sometimes the ratio (balance) between microorganisms. In fact, dysbacteriosis acts as a symptom of various diseases or pathological conditions.

In addition to intestinal dysbacteriosis, there are other types of this condition - vaginal dysbacteriosis, skin dysbacteriosis and others, but most often, under the term "dysbacteriosis", doctors mean exactly the intestinal variant.

Symptoms of dysbacteriosis are usually expressed as- increased gas formation, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, nausea, belching and bad breath.

Dysbacteriosis after antibiotics is the most common cause of this condition. Among other common causes of an imbalance in the balance of bacteria in the intestine, one can single out -, poor nutrition, hormone therapy

Development of dysbacteriosis

In the intestine there is a certain microflora, consisting of several hundred different microbes. The most famous inhabitants of the intestine are lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, bacteroids, Escherichia coli, microscopic fungi, protozoa and other types of microcosm.

Being in the intestines, beneficial microflora performs the following functions:

participates in the process of digestion of food;
participates in the assimilation and synthesis of trace elements, especially and;
promotes the synthesis of amino acids and the exchange of various acids (fatty, bile, uric acid);
supports the normal functioning of the immune system;
minimizes the possibility of development;
regulates the number and activity of pathological microorganisms - staphylococci, streptococci, Candida fungi, Proteus and others.
contributes to normal gas exchange in the intestine;
increases the activity of enzymes;
maintains the normal state of the mucous membrane.

When the number of beneficial bacteria decreases, all of the above, and many other functions in the body are disrupted, which manifests itself in the form of various health problems.

However, as we said, dysbacteriosis is not a disease, but a condition that manifests itself in various diseases or with a negative impact on the intestinal microflora of various adverse factors. For example, antibiotics, when they enter the intestines, together with the pathological microflora that caused the infectious disease, destroy the beneficial microflora as well. both of them are .

Another example: if we talk about dysbacteriosis in various diseases, then the symptoms of microflora imbalance will disappear only after the treatment of the root cause.

The third example: a decrease in the reactivity of the immune system, which happens with severe stress, lack of proper rest, hypovitaminosis, hypothermia of the body, leads to the fact that the pathogenic microflora is activated and begins to suppress the beneficial one, after which some infectious disease develops in the intestines.

Dysbacteriosis - ICD

There is no dysbacteriosis in the international classification of diseases.

Some doctors attribute dysbacteriosis to the following ICD codes:

ICD-10: K63 (Other bowel diseases);
ICD-9: 579.8 (Other specified intestinal absorption disorder).

The main symptoms of dysbacteriosis:

or, especially alternating;
Lack of appetite;
Belching;
Bad breath and mouth;
Pain in the abdomen, which is aching, arching, sometimes colicky or strong;
Feeling of a full stomach;
Decreased performance.

Long-term dysbacteriosis leads to a violation of the absorption of vitamins and trace elements, which ultimately leads to such consequences as:

Increased fatigue, chronic fatigue;
Irritability;
The development of inflammatory diseases in the oral cavity, the appearance;
Frequent to various foods and other allergic factors, which manifests itself in the form of skin itching;

Complications of dysbacteriosis

Deficiency of vitamins () and trace elements in the body;
Decreased reactivity of the immune system;
Weight loss;
The development of diseases of the digestive system -, gastroduodenitis,;
, and others.

The main causes of dysbacteriosis:

Taking antibacterial drugs;
The use of chemotherapy;
The use of hormonal drugs for a long time;
Entering the digestive organs of a pathogenic infection;
Violation ;
Bad habits - smoking, taking drugs;
The presence of various diseases, especially the digestive tract - pancreatitis, and others;
Malnutrition - the minimum amount or absence of vitamins and vegetable fiber in food;
Abrupt change in diet;
Strong and frequent;
Natural aging of the body and its slagging;
Dysbacteriosis in children is often manifested due to their prematurity (premature birth).

Types of dysbacteriosis

The classification of dysbacteriosis is carried out as follows:

By clinical course:

Latent (compensated) intestinal dysbacteriosis- the presence of an imbalance in the microflora can be detected only with the help of laboratory tests;

Subcompensated (local) intestinal dysbacteriosis- laboratory indicators of microflora disturbance are accompanied by symptoms;

Decompensated (generalized) intestinal dysbacteriosis- accompanied by a number of serious violations, and sometimes complications of the pathological condition.

Degrees of dysbacteriosis

Dysbacteriosis 1 degree- characterized by practically absent symptoms. Only mild manifestations in the form of rumbling in the abdomen are possible. There is no need for special treatment - the normalization of the diet, combined with a change in the type of water, brings the state of the intestinal microflora back to normal.

An analysis for dysbacteriosis displays: the indicator of typical Escherichia is underestimated (10 5 -10 6) or increased (10 9 -10 10), bifidobacteria is underestimated (10 6 -10 7), lactobacilli is underestimated (10 5 -10 6).

Dysbacteriosis 2 degree- characterized by a decrease in appetite, diarrhea, constipation, an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth, nausea, and sometimes vomiting. The cause is usually mild food poisoning or antibiotics.

The analysis for dysbacteriosis displays: the indicator of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms is increased (10 7), bifidobacteria is underestimated (10 7), lactobacilli is underestimated (10 5).

Dysbacteriosis 3 degrees- characterized by the appearance of pain in the abdomen, indigestion (food often comes out undigested along with feces), as well as an increase in symptoms characteristic of the 2nd stage of dysbacteriosis. The 3rd degree is also accompanied by the beginning of the formation of an inflammatory process in the walls of the intestine. To normalize the microflora, the use of drugs is necessary.

Analysis for dysbacteriosis displays: the indicator of opportunistic microorganisms is more than 10 7 , bifidobacteria is underestimated (10 7), lactobacilli is underestimated (10 5).

Dysbacteriosis 4 degrees- characterized by an increase in the clinical manifestations of all three stages of the pathological condition, as well as the addition of a depressive state, apathy, insomnia. At the 4th stage, complications may appear - hypovitaminosis, various infectious diseases.

Important! Laboratory indicators of tests for dysbacteriosis in people over 50 years old are somewhat different - if the indicator is increased, then in old age, unlike young people, it is even more elevated, if it is lowered, then it is lowered.

Diagnosis of dysbacteriosis

Diagnosis of dysbacteriosis includes the following examination methods:

Bacteriological study of feces;
Biochemical study of enzymes in the supernatant fraction of feces;
Gastroscopy (EGDS);
Ion and gas-liquid chromatography;
colonoscopy;
Irrigoscopy;
Sigmoidoscopy.

Treatment of dysbacteriosis

How to treat dysbacteriosis? Treatment of dysbacteriosis begins with a mandatory visit to the doctor and a thorough diagnosis, because. first of all, it is necessary to find out the root cause of disturbances in the intestinal microflora.

Treatment for intestinal dysbiosis includes:

1. Identification and treatment of the underlying disease;
2. Diet;
3. Drug treatment:
3.1. Replenishment of missing microorganisms;
3.2. Suppression of pathological microflora;
3.3. Relief of symptoms.
4. Elimination of possible factors / causes of pathology.

1. Identification and treatment of the underlying disease

We have already dwelled on this issue, but once again we want to emphasize - dysbacteriosis is not a disease, but a symptom that reflects the presence of other diseases. Also, dysbacteriosis can be the result of malnutrition, taking antibiotics and other medications, bad habits, etc.

Based on the foregoing, it is necessary to make a statement - the treatment of dysbiosis depends entirely on the cause of the imbalance in the intestinal microflora.

A fairly common cause of intestinal dysbiosis is malnutrition or malnutrition, therefore, a change in diet often leads to the normalization of the intestinal microflora without the use of drugs.

Nutrition for intestinal dysbacteriosis must necessarily include:

the use of foods enriched with vitamins and trace elements;
dairy products rich in lactobacilli and bifidobacteria;
vegetable fiber;
oligosaccharides and polysaccharides;
plentiful drink.

Food should be sparing - chopped, steamed or boiled, warm.

What can you eat with intestinal dysbacteriosis? Rice, oatmeal, pearl barley, bread made from flour of 1 and 2 grades, lean meats (beef, chicken, turkey), lean fish (hake, pike perch, cod, perch, pike), eggs (no more than 2 per week, soft-boiled or in a steamed omelette video), dairy products (except milk), butter (butter, vegetable, margarine), carrots, potatoes, zucchini, pumpkin, beets, horseradish, beans, peas, apples, pears, apricots, plums, bananas, pomegranates, raspberries, wild strawberries, black currants, blueberries, cranberries, chicory, sea kale, ground pear, flax seeds, mountain ash, barberry, root.

What can not be eaten with intestinal dysbacteriosis? Bread made from premium flour, semolina, pasta, muffins, pancakes, fried pies, fatty meats (pork, lamb, duck, goose), fatty fish (salmon, sturgeon, herring, flounder), eggs (raw, hard boiled, fried), whole milk, cooking fats (pork, lamb, etc.), mayonnaise, sauerkraut, alcohol.

Also, you can not eat fatty, spicy, fried, smoked meats, sausages, canned food, too salty.

Important! With intestinal dysbiosis, you can not eat dry food!

3. Drug treatment of dysbiosis (drugs for dysbacteriosis)

Important! Before using drugs against dysbacteriosis, be sure to consult your doctor!

Medicines for dysbacteriosis are usually divided into 3 groups:

aimed at normalizing the intestinal microflora by replenishing the missing microorganisms (prebiotics and probiotics);
aimed at suppressing pathological microflora (infection), after stopping which, beneficial bacteria restore colonies on their own (antibiotics, antifungal drugs, and others);
aimed at stopping the symptoms of a pathological condition.

Simply put, if there is a lack of lactobacilli in the intestinal microflora, preparations containing lactobacilli are taken, if there are no bifidobacteria, preparations with these microorganisms are used. If the cause of the disease is an excessive number of pathogens (streptococci, fungi), drugs are taken to destroy them.

3.1. Replenishment of missing microorganisms

Probiotics- preparations containing microorganisms of various origins - lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, lactococci.

Among the probiotics, one can distinguish - "Bifidumbacterin", "Bifikol", "Lactobacterin", "Linex", "Acidophilus", "Lactospore chawable", "Primadophilus".

Prebiotics- drugs that are not digested and absorbed in the digestive organs, but are fermented by the microflora of the large intestine in such a way that the number of beneficial microorganisms grows to normal values.

Among the prebiotics can be identified - "Duphalac", "Normaza", "Hilak-forte".

3.2. Suppression of pathological microflora

To suppress the pathological microflora, which inhibits the activity of beneficial microorganisms, the following are used:

Antibacterial drugs (antibiotics)- are used to destroy staphylococci, streptococci, and other types of pathogenic bacteria. The most popular antibiotics are: "Ampicillin", "Doxycycline", "", "Metronidazole", "Streptomycin", "Sulgin", "Furazolidone", "", "Cefuroxime", "Erythromycin" and others.

Antifungal drugs- are used to stop a fungal infection, for example - fungi of the genus Candida, which contribute to the development of various species. The most popular antifungal drugs are: Datakrin, Potassium Iodide, Ketokenazole, Levorin, Nystatin, Fluconazole, Fungizone.

3.3. Relief of symptoms

To relieve the clinical manifestations of dysbacteriosis, the following groups of drugs are used:

Enzymatic preparations- are used to normalize the processes of digestion and assimilation of food products: "Digestal", "Mezim-forte", "Panzinorm-forte", "Pancreatin", "Polyzim", "Triferment", "Festal"

Sorbents- are used to relieve dyspeptic symptoms (nausea, discomfort and pain in the epigastric region, feeling of a full stomach): "Activated charcoal", "White charcoal".

To relieve spasms and pain antispasmodic drugs are used in the abdomen: Duspatalin, Meteospasmil.

For the relief of diarrhea (diarrhea) antidiarrheal drugs are used: Imodium, Loperamide Akri, Mezim Forte, Smecta, Enterosorb, Eubicor.

Additionally, they can prescribe the intake of vitamin-mineral complexes.

4. Elimination of possible factors / causes of pathology

Very often, to relieve the symptoms of dysbacteriosis, it is enough to remove the provoking factor, due to which the balance of microflora in the intestine has changed - stop using antibiotics without consulting a doctor, give up alcohol, normalize the diet (add fresh vegetables and fruits to food).

Important! Before using folk remedies against intestinal dysbacteriosis, be sure to consult your doctor!

Braga. Heat 500 ml of water in a saucepan, then add 1 tbsp. spoon of honey, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of sugar and 2 g of yeast. Mix everything thoroughly and put in a warm place to infuse for 1 hour. The resulting mash contains colonies of bacteria necessary for the intestines. You need to drink the remedy in the morning, an hour before a meal. Usually, to normalize the intestinal microflora, it is enough to drink a few cups of mash.

Serum. To prepare this wonderful source of useful microflora, you need to put kefir in hot water, after which, kefir will gradually begin to separate into cottage cheese and whey. Drink the resulting serum 40 minutes before meals.

Yogurt. Boil 1 liter of milk, then let it cool and add pieces of black dried bread to it. Set aside the milk for a day, for insisting. After, add some more grated black breadcrumbs here. Just keep it in the refrigerator.

Strawberry. Strawberries not only normalize the intestinal microflora, but also provide resources for bifidobacteria to ferment food. In addition, the substances that make up strawberries inhibit the growth of pathogenic microflora. For the treatment of dysbacteriosis, you need to eat 1 glass of strawberries for 10 days, in the morning, on an empty stomach.

Bloodroot. This plant has anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal properties. To prepare this folk remedy, you need 1 tbsp. pour a spoonful of cinquefoil with 1 cup of boiling water, then put the mixture on fire and boil for 15 minutes. Next, the remedy must be insisted during the night, strain and drink 1/3 cup 3 times a day.

Copper. Eat daily foods rich in , with a daily dose of this mineral in the amount of 1-2 mg. Copper gently destroys the pathogenic microflora in the intestine, thereby giving way to beneficial microorganisms in the growth of the colony.

Prevention of intestinal dysbacteriosis includes the following recommendations:

Avoid spontaneous prescription and use of drugs, especially antibacterial or hormonal groups;
If antibiotics are used, maintain the intestinal microflora by concomitantly taking prebiotics;
Try to eat foods enriched with vitamins and microelements;
Avoid hypothermia;
Avoid stress;
Get enough sleep, do not give up a good rest;
Do not leave diseases of the gastrointestinal tract to chance, especially of an infectious nature, so that they do not become chronic;

It is no secret that microorganisms are involved in various processes in the body of each person, including the digestion of food. Dysbacteriosis is a disease in which the ratio and composition of the microorganisms inhabiting the intestines are disturbed. This can lead to serious disorders of the stomach and intestines.

In the human body, three types of bacteria are involved in the process of digestion of food:

useful(bifidobacteria, lactobacilli). They maintain the ratio of other bacteria in the stomach, prevent the development of allergic diseases, weakening of the immune system and many other negative effects on the human body. They also control the amount of harmful bacteria;
neutral. They live in a certain place. Do not bring special benefit or harm;
harmful(candida fungus, streptococcus). They provoke various diseases and malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Dysbacteriosis after antibiotics and against the background of the presence of other pathologies suggests the appearance of harmful bacteria, fungi in large numbers, as well as a simultaneous decrease in beneficial bacteria. If the disease is not cured in time, this will lead to the gradual development of other diseases (colitis and various inflammations). If the disease has been occurring in the human body for a long time, it can disrupt the absorption of nutrients (vitamins, proteins, fats), which, in turn, will cause development or lead to weight loss. The most common manifestation of pathology is the presence of pain in the abdomen, instability of the stool (alternating constipation and diarrhea), as well as diarrhea. Signs of dysbacteriosis in adults and children are not much different.

Causes of the disease

The causes of dysbacteriosis usually accompany another disease (, and others). Often, travelers have a violation of the diet.

The main causes of dysbacteriosis are:

use of antibiotics without control;
the presence of intestinal diseases;
transferred operations on the gastrointestinal tract;
reduced immunity;
non-compliance with a regular diet. This also includes excessive intake of flour, fatty, salty foods with insufficient intake of sour-milk products and fiber.

Symptoms of the disease at different stages

There are such stages that include certain symptoms of dysbacteriosis:

1 stage characterized by slight disturbances of the microflora. This is usually due to the start of antibiotics, as well as a change in the composition of water or food. Vivid signs of dysbacteriosis do not occur. A person may be disturbed, for example, only by rumbling in the stomach. If the body gets used to a new food or the course of taking antibiotics is stopped, then the normal ratio of the intestinal microflora is often restored on its own;
2 stage characterized by more noticeable symptoms, which include vomiting, nausea, bad breath and taste in the mouth, and stool disturbances. The above symptoms of dysbacteriosis can be confused at this stage with signs of the development of another disease. In this case, it is necessary to visit a doctor so that he selects the most optimal method for treating dysbacteriosis;
3 stage involves urgent treatment of dysbacteriosis, since the body is already weakened by the constant impact on the walls of the stomach, as well as the intestines, by a large number of harmful microorganisms. Most often, symptoms at this stage are sharp pains in the abdomen, as well as other signs - rumbling, diarrhea. The stool contains components of undigested food;
4 stage develops when there is no treatment for dysbacteriosis or it is not intensive enough. At this stage, harmful microorganisms practically replace useful ones, which leads to the development of diseases such as beriberi, intestinal diseases, which are dangerous not only for health, but also for the life of the patient.

There are also dysbacteriosis in gynecology - a violation of the ratio of microorganisms in the vagina of women. Most women can suffer from it, but the symptoms do not always appear openly.

Diagnosis of the disease

How to treat dysbacteriosis will be decided by a gastroenterologist, who should be contacted in such cases. First of all, to confirm the correct diagnosis, a fecal analysis is required from the patient. The doctor may also prescribe:

examination of the rectal opening with the help of an inserted apparatus (sigmoidoscopy);
x-ray examination with preliminary filling of the intestine with a contrast agent (irrigoscopy);
examination of a section of the intestine up to 1 m long using a special apparatus ().

Treatment of the disease

Treatment of dysbacteriosis is carried out using the following methods:

diet for dysbacteriosis;
taking medication for dysbacteriosis (tablets or suspensions of a wide spectrum of action);
the use of folk remedies.

Drugs for dysbacteriosis include tablets that act on harmful microorganisms, reducing their number to an acceptable minimum. Often used by doctors, drugs for dysbacteriosis belong to the tetracycline series. The pills are usually taken for up to 10 days. The patient is also prescribed an enzyme medicine for dysbacteriosis (for example, Mezim or Essentiale), which will create all the conditions for colonizing the intestines with beneficial bacteria.

As for the diet, nutrition for dysbacteriosis should include a decrease in sugar intake, since many harmful microorganisms, due to the patient's consumption of sugar, receive energy for existence. Sugar, the use of which should be limited or completely eliminated, include:

cane sugar;
sugar from sugar beets;
various syrups;
maltose, sorbitol and other sweeteners.

A diet for dysbacteriosis provides for the rejection of food that contains yeast, fermented products, and mold-containing substances. In nutrition with dysbacteriosis, you can include, but you should limit spices and vinegar a little. If the patient has the above intestinal disease, then the diet for dysbacteriosis, which will be prescribed by the doctor, will most strictly prohibit drinks made as a result of the fermentation process (beer, ale, wine).

Despite dietary restrictions, a diet for dysbacteriosis involves the use of a fairly large number of healthy foods. These include lean meats, eggs, rye, buckwheat and other bread not made from white flour. It will be good to include greens, vegetables that contain a lot of fiber and vitamins in the diet for dysbacteriosis.

Many patients ask the doctor a question - how to treat dysbacteriosis with the help of folk remedies? This issue is important for them, because such treatment with the help of folk remedies involves less spending, but its effectiveness has not been confirmed by doctors. They should be taken with caution and only after consulting a specialist. Folk remedies should not be the only treatment for dysbacteriosis.

As for folk remedies, the following recipes are popular among people:

serum intake. This folk remedy provides for the fermentation of kefir and its ingestion to restore the microflora in the intestine;
reception of homemade yogurt. This folk remedy is prepared by fermenting a liter of milk with crackers obtained after drying black bread. After that, croutons grated with garlic are added to the product. It is believed that this folk remedy contains all the necessary and beneficial bacteria for the intestines;
increased consumption of foods that contain copper. The effectiveness of such a folk method of treatment has also not been proven by doctors. Means containing copper should not be taken per day in doses greater than 3 mg;
increased consumption of garlic. It is believed that this folk remedy contributes to the death of harmful microorganisms, which stops decay and fermentation in the body. The remedy should be taken in the amount of one slice before meals. Garlic is also a good prevention of dysbacteriosis.

Pills, various drugs for dysbacteriosis in combination with a diet can cure the disease in a few days. Prevention of dysbacteriosis consists in a balanced diet and attentive attitude to one's health. You can take some folk remedies that will help protect or restore the intestinal microflora. But this can be done only with the permission of the attending physician. Treatment of colds, intestinal and other diseases is also a good prevention of dysbacteriosis.

Is everything correct in the article from a medical point of view?

Answer only if you have proven medical knowledge

Diseases with similar symptoms:

Intestinal obstruction is a severe pathological process, which is characterized by a violation of the process of release of substances from the intestine. This disease most often affects people who are vegetarians. There are dynamic and mechanical intestinal obstruction. If the first symptoms of the disease are detected, it is necessary to go to the surgeon. Only he can accurately prescribe treatment. Without timely medical attention, the patient may die.

Intestinal dysbacteriosis, symptoms and treatment regimen in adults

Intestinal dysbacteriosis is a disease accompanied by a failure in the ratio of beneficial and harmful bacteria.

The intestines of a healthy person are inhabited by an incalculable mass of microbes, 90% of which are representatives of the obligate flora (healthy), 5-10% are facultative (conditionally pathogenic). Lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, anaerobic propionobacteria, Escherichia take part in digestion, metabolism, protect against allergies, ingestion and uncontrolled reproduction of pathogenic organisms in the gastrointestinal tract.

Elements of conditionally pathogenic flora (fungi, fusobacteria, gram-negative rods, staphylococci, streptococci) do not cause diseases, provided that a person has strong immunity. Under certain circumstances, the number of obligate flora is reduced, the growth of pathogenic organisms in the intestine increases.

What it is?

Intestinal dysbacteriosis is a change in the parameters of the intestinal microflora, which leads to a deterioration in absorption, the development of pathologies throughout the body. The normal amount of beneficial bacteria in the intestines, the correct ratio of their content as a percentage is called normoflora. It maintains the body's homeostasis.

Normal microflora

Such targeted attention to the tiny inhabitants of the human intestine is explained by the fact that these microorganisms have an extremely positive effect on health. They have many beneficial functions. So, useful microflora:

protect the intestinal mucosa from infectious agents, allergens, excess opportunistic microbes;
synthesizes vitamins (especially group B), antitumor substances, enzymes for the breakdown of proteins and sugars;
neutralizes toxins and harmful metabolic products;
lowers cholesterol;
activates immunity:
produces short-chain fatty acids that ensure the integrity of the colonic mucosa;
stimulates the absorption of the necessary substances (water, iron, calcium, gases, vitamins E, D).

In addition to beneficial microbes (bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, etc.), conditionally pathogenic microorganisms (Klebsiella, Proteus, staphylococci, atypical Escherichia, serrations, Enterobacter, yeast-like fungi, etc.) live in the intestine. In a healthy person, their number is strictly limited, so they do not harm in any way. But with a drop in immunity, after intestinal infections, stress, etc. these insidious bacteria and fungi are activated, begin to multiply and have an adverse effect, leading to clinical symptoms.

Causes

Dysbacteriosis does not necessarily develop in people with health problems. Quite often, the problem can appear in adults and children who have never experienced any problems with the digestive system before.

The main reasons for the development of dysbacteriosis can be as follows:

Improper intake of certain medications;
A sharp change in the type of food;
The use of low-quality food;
Lack of fortified and sour-milk foods in the diet;
Recent intestinal infections;
Frequent use of antibiotics;
Insufficient protection of the immune system;
Having acute or chronic diseases - gastritis, pancreatitis, others.

At the initial stages of development, dysbacteriosis can practically not declare itself. A person can only occasionally be tormented by minor pains in the abdomen, bloating, rare stool disorders.

Main features

The first signs of intestinal dysbacteriosis in adults:

Abdominal pain;
Feeling of heaviness;
bloating;
Flatulence;
Diarrhea followed by constipation;
Feeling of increased discomfort.

The symptomatology directly relies on the degree of neglect of the disease.

Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis

In adults, the symptoms of dysbacteriosis are diverse in their manifestation and severity. The severity of their manifestations depends on conditions such as age, lifestyle, immune status, stage of development. In one person, weekly antibiotic therapy will cause only a slight disturbance of the intestinal microflora, and in another, severe symptoms of dysbacteriosis.

Stage 1 dysbacteriosis is characterized by a slight imbalance of normal and pathogenic bacteria. This condition may be due to a short course of taking antibacterial drugs or a change in the usual food and water. At this stage, the symptoms are mild, they may be limited to a slight bowel disorder. After the end of antimicrobial treatment or getting used to new nutritional conditions, the balance of the intestinal microflora is restored independently.
At stage 2, the intestine ceases to produce enough enzymes necessary for the normal digestion of food. This can result in a fermentation process characterized by bloating, bitterness in the mouth, pain, flatulence, constipation, or diarrhea. These symptoms may indicate the development of other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, but most often indicate a progressive dysbacteriosis.
Stage 3 requires medical intervention, since the pathogenic flora, which affects the intestinal walls in large quantities, causes inflammation. Symptoms become more pronounced, the patient develops nausea and vomiting, undigested food fragments can be seen in the stool, patients complain of severe pain in the abdomen, body temperature may rise.
At stage 4, pathogens almost completely replace the beneficial intestinal microflora. At the same time, the mechanism of absorption of useful substances is disrupted, which leads to the development of beriberi and anemia. In addition, toxins formed as a result of incomplete digestion of food and the vital activity of pathogenic microflora, entering the bloodstream, cause severe allergic reactions. Rash, eczema, hives, asthma, chronic fatigue, insomnia, and trouble concentrating may join the previously described symptoms. Lack of timely treatment threatens the development of severe intestinal infections.

It must be remembered that it is easiest to eliminate dysbacteriosis in its initial stages. Having found a list of suspicious symptoms that do not go away within a couple of days, you should contact a gastroenterologist.

Chronic dysbacteriosis

The chronic course of dysbacteriosis is somewhat less common. At the same time, disturbances in the composition and quantity of microflora do not return to normal for a very long time (months, years). As a rule, there are prerequisites that do not allow the normal microflora to recover. However, in most cases, this problem can still be solved with the right treatment.

In the chronic course of dysbacteriosis, it is important to pay attention to the presence of the following factors:

self-medication and unskilled treatment;
weakened immunity;
chronic inflammatory bowel disease;
non-compliance with the prescribed diet;
the presence of intestinal tumors;
the presence of a constant source of infection (poor-quality drinking water, etc.);
possible resistance of bacteria to prescribed antibiotics (checked by antibiogram);
chronic diseases of the liver, pancreas, stomach.

In the presence of the above factors, prerequisites are created for changing the composition of the intestinal microflora. If these factors are not eliminated, the treatment in most cases will not have the desired effect. The disease takes on a chronic course.

Diagnostics

In order to determine the presence and nature of dysbacteriosis, it is required to find out which microbes colonize the intestines and in what quantity. Today, there are two main diagnostic methods:

The method for examining microflora metabolites is based on the determination of substances (volatile fatty acids) that microbes secrete in the course of their development. This method is highly sensitive and easy to determine microbes and allows you to get a result within a few hours. In addition, it is not as expensive as bacteriological.
bacteriological research. With the bacteriological method, depending on the specialization of the laboratory, from 14 to 25 types of bacteria are determined (this is only 10% of all microorganisms). Alas, you will receive the result of this analysis only after 7 days, which is the average time it takes for bacteria to grow in special nutrient media and be able to be detected. In addition, the quality of the results of this analysis depends on compliance with the delivery time and quality of the material, and there are also difficulties in the cultivation of some types of bacteria.

It must be remembered that the composition of the intestinal microflora in each person is individual. It depends on age, food consumed, and even on the time of year. Therefore, to establish a diagnosis only on the basis of analyzes is erroneous. An additional examination is needed to determine the cause of dysbacteriosis.

Complications

The most serious consequences can cause the following complications of dysbacteriosis:

Given the lack of vitamins and weakened immunity that occur with dysbacteriosis, there is a risk of other complications that are not directly related to disorders of the intestinal microflora. In general, we can say that dysbacteriosis is not a dangerous disease, but it is still not worth starting the disease.

Treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis

In the case of confirmed intestinal dysbacteriosis, planned treatment is carried out with the help of drugs that restore the normal intestinal flora and correct other disorders in the body (with the help of enzymes, sorbents, vitamins).

Groups of drugs prescribed for intestinal dysbacteriosis in adults:

Sorbents are prescribed for pronounced signs of intoxication. Activated charcoal is prescribed 5-7 tablets at a time, for 5 days.
Prebiotics - have a bifidogenic property, i.e. contribute to the stimulation and growth and reproduction of microbes that are part of the normal intestinal flora. Representatives of this group include: Hilak-forte, Dufalac. Hilak-forte is prescribed 40-60 drops 3 times a day.
Antibacterial drugs are used for the 4th degree of intestinal dysbacteriosis, to destroy the pathogenic flora. The most commonly used antibiotics are: groups of tetracyclines (Doxycycline), cephalosporins (Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone), penicillins (Ampioks), nitroimidazoles: Metronidazole is prescribed 500 mg 3 times a day, after meals.
Symbiotics (Bifidobak, Maltodofilus) are combined preparations (prebiotic + probiotic), i.e. at the same time stimulate the growth of normal flora and replace the missing amount of microbes in the intestine. Bifidobak is prescribed 1 capsule 3 times a day, with meals.
Bacteriophages. To eliminate the symptoms of dysbacteriosis, you can take drugs containing viruses that infect a specific type of bacteria. They are combined with antibiotic treatment or used as an alternative therapy.
Enzymes are prescribed in case of severe digestive disorders. Tablets Mezim 1 tablet 3 times a day, before meals.
Antifungal drugs (Levorin) are prescribed if there are yeast-like fungi such as Candida in the feces. Levorin is prescribed for 500 thousand units 2-4 times a day.
Multivitamins: Duovit, 1 tablet 1 time per day.

The dosage, duration of treatment and a group of drugs are prescribed by the attending physician, depending on the degree of dysbacteriosis. The dosages of drugs for adults are indicated below, for children the dosage depends on the weight and age of the child.

Probiotics

Probiotics (eubiotics), these are preparations containing live microorganisms (i.e. bacteria of the normal intestinal flora), they are used to treat dysbacteriosis of 2-4 degrees.

Preparations of the 1st generation: Bifidumbacterin, Lifepack probiotics. They are liquid concentrates of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, they are not stored for a long time (about 3 months). This group of drugs is unstable under the influence of gastric juice or enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to their rapid destruction and insufficient concentration of them, the main disadvantage of 1st generation probiotics. Bifidumbacterin is administered orally, 5 doses of the drug 2-3 times a day, 20 minutes before meals;
2nd generation drugs: Baktisubtil, Flonivin, Enterol. They contain spores of bacteria of the normal intestinal flora, which secrete enzymes in the intestines of the patient for the digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, stimulate the growth of bacteria of the normal intestinal flora, and also suppress the growth of putrefactive flora. Subtil is prescribed 1 capsule 3 times a day, 1 hour before meals;
Preparations of the 3rd generation: Bifikol, Lineks. They consist of several types of bacteria of the normal intestinal flora, therefore they are highly effective compared to the previous 2 generations of probiotics. Linex is prescribed 2 capsules 3 times a day;
Preparations of the 4th generation: Bifidumbacterin forte, Biosorb-Bifidum. This group of drugs is bacteria of the normal intestinal flora in combination with an enterosorbent (with activated charcoal or others). Enterosorbent, necessary to protect microorganisms, when passing through the stomach, it actively protects them from inactivation by gastric juice or enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract. Bifidumbacterin forte is prescribed 5 doses 2-3 times a day, before meals.

Treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis is prescribed in a complex, depending on the degree of the disease. Since dysbacteriosis develops under the influence of many factors, it is important to eliminate the cause of its development, otherwise taking probiotics will not give a positive effect. Elimination of foci of infection and chronic diseases is the main task in the treatment of dysbacteriosis.

Diet for dysbacteriosis

How to treat intestinal dysbiosis? With a mild degree of imbalance in the intestinal microflora, it may be sufficient to eliminate these causes through a balanced diet, taking prebiotics or probiotics.

In severe disorders, along with complex antimicrobial therapy, dietary nutrition is also indicated. Basic Rules:

Products are steamed, boiled, baked, stewed. No frying!
Drink plenty of fluids, mostly pure water. With diarrhea, it helps against dehydration, constipation - softens downed feces.
The food is balanced, rich in products containing proteins, carbohydrates, vegetable fats, minerals, vitamins necessary for the full functioning of the body.
Remove products that irritate the gastrointestinal tract, have a laxative or fixing effect.
Refuse products that cause gas formation, fermentation, rotting.
Remove sauces, hot spices, smoked meats, marinades, strong alcohol. No fast food, convenience foods, dry food, on the go. Rich broths, confectionery, pastries, whole milk, strong tea are prohibited.
Eat foods that create favorable conditions for the reproduction of beneficial bacteria. They put emphasis on fermented milk products (kefir, yogurt, yogurt, acidophilus milk), foods rich in vegetable fiber.
Avoid fresh vegetables and fruits. Any heat treatment is preferred. Baked apples are an excellent dessert, rich in vitamins and useful elements.
Eat food regularly, every 2.5-3 hours in small portions. Do not allow long intervals between meals.
The temperature of food should be pleasant, warm. You can not eat hot, too cold.

Compliance with the diet is an important condition for the successful treatment of dysbacteriosis in adults and children. Food intake is not limited, its composition is changed. A balanced diet, properly prepared food will help restore the lack of vitamins, increase hemoglobin, normalize digestion, and fully excrete bile.

Can the patient do without treatment?

Cases of independent arbitrary disposal of minor disturbances in the intestinal microflora in medical practice are recorded quite often. But most of these examples are associated with disorders due to emotional upheaval or rapid acclimatization.

Please note that dysbacteriosis can stop progressing only in the first phase of its development. This is the big problem, because during this period it is almost impossible to notice characteristic changes in the intestinal microflora. And if the patient has already expressed symptoms of the disease, then he needs medical help, since we are talking about a seriously neglected process.

Prevention

The most important method of prevention is timely and rational antibiotic therapy. In this way, the patient can protect himself from the symptoms of dysbacteriosis and the development of the disease.

A frequent case of dysbacteriosis is long-term use of antibiotics. To prevent the disease, it is recommended to take the following measures:

eat dairy products;
start using antifungal drugs;
take probiotics, polyenzymes and multivitamins.

The complex of drugs should be prescribed by a doctor; it is not recommended to use any medications on your own.

One of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is dysbacteriosis. People of all sexes and ages are equally susceptible to this disease, including children often suffer. Dysbacteriosis is a decrease in the number of beneficial bacteria and microorganisms in the intestines and reproductive organs, which provokes the development of negative processes in the body. At the initial stages, the disease rarely manifests itself, but as it progresses, it manifests itself with very unpleasant symptoms, so it is extremely important to identify the disease in time and take the necessary measures to normalize the intestinal microflora and restore health.

What is dysbacteriosis?

A pathological change in the intestinal microflora, the growth of a huge number of pathogenic bacteria is called dysbacteriosis. As a result of such negative changes, the process of decay and the formation of poisons begins, provoking poisoning of the body.

Reasons for the development of the disease

The development of dysbacteriosis can be triggered by various subjective reasons (malnutrition, abuse of medications) or objective ones - disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, the presence of chronic diseases. The most common prerequisites for the development of the disease include:

Incorrect and frequent use of antibiotics, which destroy beneficial bacteria and disrupt the microflora.
Violation of the acidity of the stomach (significantly reduced).
Intestinal obstruction.
Resection of the stomach.
Pancreatitis.
Surgical intervention in the stomach or intestines.
Violation of the endocrine and immune systems.

Symptoms of the disease

Violation of the intestinal microflora has specific symptoms that cause discomfort, disrupt the usual rhythm of life and interfere with normal life. Symptoms of dysbacteriosis are represented by the manifestation of the following signs:

Sharp pains in the abdomen, which are localized in the navel and spread over the entire area.
Violation of the stool, upset, diarrhea for quite a long time.
Increased gas formation, which provokes bloating and causes a feeling of discomfort.
Acute intolerance to different food groups: meat, dairy, spicy food, etc.
General weakness of the body, fatigue.
An increase in body temperature in a patient up to 37 degrees (not observed in every case).
The appearance of bad breath, periodically tormented by nausea, accompanied by vomiting.

Stages of disease development

Dysbacteriosis goes through four stages of its development:

Stage 1 is characterized by a minimal imbalance of beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms in the intestine and occurs, as a rule, as a result of short-term use of antibiotics, the use of poor-quality food or water. Often it is asymptomatic and to prevent further development, the transition to the next stage is possible by eliminating the factors that provoke the disease.
Stage 2 is characterized by the manifestation of the first signs of dysbacteriosis - impaired stool, cutting pains in the abdomen, bloating.
The third stage is characterized by a significant violation of the microflora, which requires mandatory medical treatment. Often at this stage, inflammation of the intestines is observed, the symptoms of the second stage worsen, and there are particles of undigested food in the stool.
The most difficult - the fourth stage is characterized by the complete displacement of beneficial bacteria by pathogenic microorganisms, which disrupts the absorption of micronutrients by the intestinal walls, provokes the development of anemia or beriberi. The patient, in addition to the above symptoms, is tormented by severe fatigue, depression and apathy. In the absence of the necessary treatment, infectious diseases can develop that are dangerous not only for the patient's health, but also for his life.

Diagnosis of the disease

If you often suffer from pain in the abdomen, there is a violation of the stool, you should immediately contact a specialist in a medical institution. Diseases of the digestive tract are dealt with by a gastroenterologist, who should be contacted for an initial consultation. After examining and questioning about the symptoms, the doctor prescribes the following diagnostic methods:

Gastroscopy, with which you can determine the condition of the intestine, the presence of inflammation, erosion and establish the level of microflora disturbance.
Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy - examination of the intestinal area in the first case up to 1 meter, in the second a maximum of 30 cm using a specialized apparatus.
Irrigoscopy - X-ray examination of the intestine after filling it with a contrast agent.
Bacterial culture of feces.
Analysis for dysbacteriosis.
Coprogram.

Treatment of dysbacteriosis

In order to cure dysbacteriosis, it is extremely important to restore healthy microflora in the intestines, and for this, first of all, it is necessary to change the diet, introduce foods into the diet that will contribute to this as much as possible and help the intestines to function properly. The main principles of the diet include:

Limiting the use of foods that contain a large amount of fiber, causing increased gas formation.
Regularly consume fermented milk products, the ideal option would be natural yogurt, which is not difficult to cook on your own at home.

Exclude carbonated drinks, alcohol, spicy, fatty and fried foods from the diet.
Additionally, to restore balance, you can not do without drug treatment, which includes:

With an excessive amount of pathogenic microflora and disruption of the functioning of the intestine, the development of infectious diseases, antibacterial drugs of a special group (tetracycline, penicillin) are prescribed.
Antimicrobial drugs are recommended to be taken with a not very advanced form of dysbacteriosis, when antibiotics can be dispensed with.
Medicines for cleansing the intestines and naturally removing dead bacteria, for example, Enterosgel.
Hepatoprotectors, enzyme preparations will help improve the absorption of micronutrients.
Peristalsis or anti-peristaltic drugs will help normalize bowel activity and solve problems with stool.
To restore normal microflora are used:
- probiotics (medicines containing live microorganisms that make up the microflora);
- prebiotics (drugs containing nutrients that help colonize the intestines with beneficial bacteria);
- synbiotics (combined preparations, which include both prebiotics and prebiotics).

Disease prevention

Treatment of dysbacteriosis does not guarantee the absence of a relapse in the future, therefore it is extremely important to adhere to preventive norms in order to avoid the disease or its recurrence:

Take antibiotics only as directed and in exceptional cases.
Eat fermented milk products rich in live bacteria that are beneficial for microflora.
Review your diet and limit the use of unhealthy foods.
Timely treat diseases that can provoke dysbacteriosis, and in the chronic form of diseases it is extremely important to maintain the level of beneficial microorganisms with the help of special means.