Wireless Internet is connected in cases where a wired connection is either not available, or does not provide adequate quality, such as ADSL, or is prohibitively expensive (tariffs or wire laying). So, we will look at 5 main types of wireless Internet, their features, pros and cons.

1. WiFi bridge

A popular option for wireless connection is the organization of a Wi-Fi bridge between the connection object and the Internet source (emitter), which in turn is connected to the network by a wire. Here it is worth noting that an important feature is the organization of the source, i.e. installation of equipment that will broadcast a Wi-Fi signal on the air. If, in principle, everything is clear with the receiving side, then problems may arise with the transmitting side. As a rule, transmitting Wi-Fi equipment is installed on high-rise buildings at a maximum height in order to avoid possible interference in the transmission of the Wi-Fi signal. Such an object still needs to be found, negotiated with the owners, with the HOA, with the management company, etc., if necessary, coordinate the installation of the emitter with other organizations (firefighters, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, television people, electric companies, etc.). Further, it is necessary to ensure uninterrupted power supply to the equipment, as well as adequate protection against theft and burglary. In addition, an important condition is the choice of a private Wi-Fi range for channel organization. The standard 2.4 GHz band, especially in high-rise buildings, is heavily loaded, which leads to noisy air, respectively, to a decrease in signal quality and Internet speed. The use of the 5 GHz band is regulated by the State Commission on Radio Frequencies (GRKCH), respectively, you need to obtain permission and register the receiving and transmitting equipment. There are also specific Wi-Fi bands such as 3 GHz, 6 GHz, however, difficulties can also arise in them. First of all, with the equipment, because. it is not always possible to find receivers, transmitters, antennas and other equipment for specific bands. In addition, it must be understood that the higher the frequency, the worse the signal permeability and, accordingly, the range of the system. Thus, in the case of solving all organizational problems, as well as the availability of an initial wired channel, when organizing a Wi-Fi bridge, you can get a fairly high Internet speed at the facility. The distance from the transmitter to the receiver can reach 10-15 km (in the case of direct visibility).
➕ High speed (up to 300 Mbps)
➕ Stability (the connection does not depend on other users, because the channel is exclusive)
➕ Low subscription fee (similar to wired Internet tariffs, since in fact this is what it is from the point of view of the provider)
➖ High price of equipment installation (30-80 thousand rubles)
➖ Difficulties in channel organization
➖ In case of non-compliance with the requirements of the State Commission for Radio Frequencies, large fines are possible with the dismantling of equipment
➖ Limited use (only in cities, because you need a wired Internet source and high-rise buildings to install transmitting equipment)

2. Satellite Internet

Satellite Internet as well as satellite television and satellite communications have been used for a long time. The main and in fact the only advantage is the availability and independence from the location. Satellite Internet can be installed in the mountains, on an island, in a forest, in a remote village. At the same time, modern equipment is also quite simple to set up, approximately similar to satellite television. However, there are also significant drawbacks.
➕ Availability (satellite internet can be installed almost everywhere)
➕ Independence (except perhaps only from weather conditions)
➖ High cost of equipment (20-40 thousand rubles)
➖ Low speed (average 5-10 Mbps)
➖ No completely unlimited tariffs
➖ High subscription fee (up to 5 thousand rubles per month)

3. Radio channel

Internet radio is inherently similar to a Wi-Fi bridge, however, not the widely used IEEE 802.11 standard is used as a carrier channel, but some alternative or specific one. In principle, any data can be transmitted over a radio channel, including the Internet. WiMAX, AirMAX and others are often used.
➕ High degree of security
➕ Potentially high speed, but depends on the implementation of a particular provider
➕ Low cost of equipment due to ready-made kits from providers
➖ High subscription fee
➖ Extremely low coverage area
➖ Equipment specifics

4. Wireless optical communication channel (BOX)

The transmission of the Internet over an optical wireless channel (not to be confused with optical fiber) is similar to a laser beam. There is a beam transmitter and a beam receiver, they must be in line of sight without interference. The data transfer rate can reach 10Gbps. However, in practical implementation, this technology is extremely rare when connecting end objects. This is primarily due to the high cost of equipment and the complexity of channel implementation.
➕ 100% channel security
➕ High speed up to 10Gbps
➕ Connection stability
➖ Extremely high cost of equipment (from 100-150 thousand rubles)
➖ To organize Internet access, the original wired channel is required
➖ Need for line of sight and no interference between transmitter and receiver

5. 3G/4G/5G internet (public networks)

Definitely the most popular and demanded way of wireless connection to the Internet is the use of 3G and 4G LTE networks of mobile operators. Such networks in our country are offered by both the Big Four operators (Megafon, Beeline, MTS, Tele2) and local operators such as Vainakh Telecom, FreshTel, Fly, etc. The indisputable advantage of this method of connecting the Internet is the versatility of the equipment, due to which the Internet is available almost everywhere, except for the most remote areas, mountains, the far north, taiga, etc. However, there are few consumers in these areas. In densely populated areas, operators are actively developing 4G LTE networks and are starting to implement 5G, as It is these technologies that promise many advantages, primarily high speed and stability of the connection.
➕ High degree of availability (about 90%)
➕ High speed (up to 300 Mbps in LTE-Advanced networks, on average about 20-50 Mbps)
➕ Unlimited Internet (for BIT.ONLINE subscribers)
➕ Low cost and equipment versatility
➕ Using different 3G/4G networks to connect
➖ The complexity of self-assembly and configuration of equipment

BIT.ONLINE company specializes in connecting wireless Internet in 3G and 4G LTE networks of Beeline, Megafon, MTS, Tele2 operators. We offer completely unlimited tariffs, high-quality equipment, turnkey installation, configuration and installation. Our experienced specialists will measure the signal of various operators, select the necessary equipment and connect the Internet in the shortest possible time. Call ☎️ 8-800-707-72-44 .

Topic 2.4. Browsers - Web browsers

Topic 2.5. Email. Mail applications

Topic 2.6. FrontPage 2003 program

Topic 2.7. Creating a Web Page

Topic 2.8. Website creation

Topic 2.9. Business on the Internet

Topic 2.10. Internet resources

Global Network Technologies

2.3. Global networks Internet

2.3.2. Ways to access or connect to the Internet

Currently, there are many ways to connect to the Internet from connecting a computer via an analog modem to connecting using high-speed technologies.

The method of connecting a computer to the Internet depends on the level of services used by the user, which he wants to receive from the provider (service provider), on the speed and quality of data transfer. The services provided by the Internet include: E-mail, WWW, FTP, Usenet, IP-telephony, streaming video, etc.

Ways to connect to the Internet can be classified into the following types:

• dial-up access;
• access via leased lines;
• broadband network access (DSL - Digital Subscriber Line);
• Internet access via local network;
• satellite Internet access;
• Internet access using cable TV channels;
• wireless technologies.

Dial-up access typically uses an analog modem and an analog telephone line, but dial-up access over the ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Telephone Network) is also used. An ISDN adapter is used to connect a PC to a digital network with integrated ISDN services. In addition, dial-up access to the Internet can be carried out using wireless technologies: mobile GPRS - Internet and mobile CDMA - Internet.

Access via dedicated communication channels implies a permanent communication channel from the premises with a computer to the switch owned by the ISP (provider). This access method ensures that the computer is connected all 24 hours a day. There are several connection options: via leased lines with speeds of 2400 bps - 1.544 Mbps. and via permanent virtual frame switching channels with speeds of 56 Kbps - 45 Mbps. For large organizations, this method of connecting a local network to the Internet is the most efficient.

A promising method of connecting to the Internet, both for individuals and companies, is a DSL broadband network. Digital Subscriber Line - a family of digital subscriber lines designed to organize access over an analog telephone network using a DSL / cable modem. This method provides data transfer up to 50 Mbps.

Access to the Internet over a local area network with Fast Ethernet architecture provides the user with access to the resources of the global Internet network and the resources of the local network. The connection is made using a network card (10/100 Mbit/s) with a data transfer rate of up to 1 Gbit/s on trunk sections and 100 Mbit/s for the end user.

Satellite Internet access (DirecPC, Europe Online) is popular for users in remote areas. The maximum data reception rate is up to 52.5 Mbps (real average speed is up to 3 Mbps).

Cable TV users can use cable TV network channels to connect to the Internet, while the data reception speed is from 2 to 56 Mb/s. A cable modem is used to connect to a cable television network.

Recently, wireless methods of connecting to the Internet have become more and more popular.

Last mile wireless technologies include:

• WiFi;
• WiMax;
• Radio Ethernet;
• MMDS;
• LMDS;
• mobile GPRS - Internet;
• mobile CDMA - Internet.

For more information on how to connect to the Internet, see the page

Annotation: The Internet has penetrated extremely widely into modern technology - so - its resources can be used not only from a stationary PC or laptop, but also from a cell phone, and from a PDA. In this lecture, we will discuss how to connect to the Internet and the choice of equipment.

7.1. Choosing how to connect to the Internet

There are many ways to connect to the Internet, we will talk here about the most popular and common, consider their advantages and disadvantages from the consumer's point of view. I must say that the advantages or disadvantages of a particular technology are to a certain extent conditional - it all depends on what goals you are pursuing, why you need the Internet and how you are going to work with it.

If you are new to the Internet, it makes sense to start with the most affordable and common method of accessing the Web - a dial-up connection. With a small amount of money and a little time, you will understand what you need from the Web, and then you can decide which access method best suits your needs.

So, perhaps the most common and affordable way to access the Internet is a modem connection over a telephone line.

7.1.1. Modem connection

A modem connection (also called a Dial-UP connection) is the oldest, most affordable and most common way to access the Internet. To connect to the Network, you only need a regular telephone line, a modem, and the definition of a relationship with a provider - an organization that provides access to the Network. It should be noted here that conventional analog modems are now built into so many desktop and laptop motherboards, which makes dial-up Internet access even more accessible.

An Internet access session using a modem looks like this. The modem dials the provider's phone number, where another modem answers it, after which the username and password associated with any tariff plan are checked and, if the authorization is successful, the user is connected to the Internet.

During the session of accessing the Internet, no one will be able to get through to you - this is one of the disadvantages of dial-up access.

As for the relationship with the provider, there are several options. To begin with, this is the purchase of an Internet card.

7.1.2. Access by Internet cards

When you purchase a card, you receive a username and password that you must use to access the Internet. Cards come in different denominations, symbolize different tariff plans. Moreover, usually large providers provide users with a choice of several types of tariff plans (and sometimes several dozen), among which everyone can choose a convenient one.

For example, there are cards for round-the-clock access to the Internet of various denominations. Let's say it could be 10, 20, 50 hours. The main difference between these cards is the cost of one hour of work. So, a card for 10 hours can cost 150 rubles, for 20 - 250, and for 50 - 500. It is easy to calculate which card can be used to get the cheapest access to the Internet. That is, if you use the Internet a lot and want to save money at the same time, then 50-hour cards are created specifically for you (this is if you do not look at other typical tariff plans, which we will discuss below). But if the Internet is an episodic occupation for you, and you know that 10 hours will be enough for you for several months, it is quite possible that you will take a 10-hour card, not wanting to spend a large amount of money today to provide yourself with access to the Internet for a year forward.

Further, many providers offer card plans that give unlimited access to the Web for, say, a month. Such Internet access means that you are going to be online literally around the clock (otherwise - why pay for unlimited access?). Perhaps, you should resort to such a tariff plan only when you do not have the opportunity to connect to the Web using some other technology, and, at the same time, have very large Internet needs.

In addition to cards for unlimited access and cards for access at any time of the day, there are cards that give you access to the Web only at certain times of the day for a certain period (say, from 17.00 to 22.00 for a month, or from 22.00 to 6.00, etc.). d.). If you really use only this time of day to work on the Web, such cards are created especially for you, as they allow you to significantly save on the Internet. On the other hand, for those whose work with the Network is of an irregular nature, these cards are inconvenient.

7.1.3. Conclusion of an agreement

Another variant of the relationship with the provider is the conclusion of a service agreement. It is quite possible that Internet services under a contract will be cheaper than card services. Otherwise, everything is exactly the same.

Both when connecting using Internet cards, and when concluding an agreement, the provider, in addition to the username and password, can provide you with a number of additional parameters. For example, this could be the DNS server address, your IP address, etc.

7.1.4. Urgent Internet Access

Many providers (sometimes telephone companies, which are often providers) offer the following service to users. Allocate a special phone number through which you can connect to the Internet without a name and password. The cost of using the Web will be included in your telephone bill. Such a connection is convenient either for those who use the Internet very little, or as a backup connection in case you urgently need the Internet, and your Internet card has run out. The main disadvantage of such a connection is the cost of access, which is usually 2-3 times higher than the price of the most favorable card tariffs.

7.1.5. About additional services

When buying an Internet card or concluding a service agreement at the provider's office, you can count on some additional services. Let's look at some of them.

1. Providing a place for the site (hosting) and an e-mail box on the provider's site. This service should be used with caution. For example, if you are an Internet card user, then after it expires, you will not be able to work with your mailbox or WEB site until you activate a new one. In addition to the fact that, for obvious reasons, there may be long breaks between buying cards, you can decide to switch to another method of connecting to the Network, or to another provider. And this means that your website and e-mail address will be lost to you, which is very unpleasant, and sometimes simply very undesirable - after all, dozens of business partners and friends can know your e-mail. Today, there are a huge number of free (but very reliable) email and website hosting services, so this service of providers is not as relevant as it was a few years ago.

   At the same time, if you are sure that you will use the provider's services for a long time, you can safely start a website and an email address with him.

2. The introduction of time-based payment for telephone conversations makes the call-back service relevant, when the provider's modem, after calling it from your modem, breaks the connection and dials your number itself. Thus, the provider takes charge of the connection time.
3. 24/7 technical support. This service (or its variants) is present, perhaps, with all providers, but not all of them work normally. And this is very important - to get timely help or advice.

7.1.6. Charging schemes

Above, we discussed options for accessing the Network using various schemes for interacting with a provider. All of them implied a fee for the connection time. That is, if you connected to the Internet and "sat" there for an hour, doing nothing, then you will pay for this hour. There are traffic charging schemes - that is, you will pay only for the transmitted and received data, and not for the time. Traffic billing may be of interest to those who use the Internet to communicate in On-Line mode.

7.1.7. Provider selection

If there are several providers in your city, and you want to choose the most suitable one for you, ask your friends and acquaintances working on the Internet via modems what they think about certain providers. As a rule, the quality of Internet access services may vary from provider to provider. For example, some may have difficulties with dialing, since the provider's modem pool is usually overloaded, also pay attention to the actual speed of accessing the Network using one or another provider. The fact is that not everyone manages to achieve the maximum (this is something in the region of 5.5 Kb / s) - sometimes there is not even half of this speed. Also, the speed and quality of the connection is highly dependent on the state of your telephone line.

In any case, if you choose a provider, it is best to try to work with each of the applicants (preferably in test mode, or by purchasing cards of a small denomination) from exactly the place (that is, from that telephone line) from which you are constantly going work online. In the course of work, it will become clear to you how easy it is to get through to one or another provider, you will see for yourself the speed and reliability of connections.

As a rule, modem access is good only when the user does not feel the need to constantly work on the Internet, in particular, he does not need to download (or upload to the Web) large amounts of data, many hours of ICQ conversations and full-fledged Online games. Those who want more, if technically possible, can choose other ways to access the Web. For example, in recent years, ADSL access is gaining more and more popularity.

7.1.8. ADSL

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - asymmetric digital subscriber line) is a technology that allows you to transfer data over conventional telephone networks at a speed of up to 8 Mbps to the subscriber and up to 1.5 Mbps from the subscriber (hence the name of the technology).

Currently, ADSL access is being "promoted" in many cities - and this is very good, because even if the user gets at his disposal a channel with a width of 10 times less than the maximum for 8 Mbps technology, this will seriously improve the quality of work in Internet.

To connect to ADSL, you will need an ADSL modem and a splitter (all this is usually installed by the provider's employees in a "transparent" mode for the user), and after installing the equipment, you will be able to use the phone and surf the Internet at the same time. The usual ADSL billing scheme is a traffic fee, that is, you can surf the Internet all day and pay only for the transmitted and received information. As a rule, the cost of working on the Network via ADSL is within the limits of the "modem" Internet.

Perhaps, ADSL today is the most convenient type of Internet access for home users and for small offices.

7.1.9. Satellite Internet

Satellite Internet exists in two versions. The first one is relatively cheap ($200-300) and involves using a satellite dish to receive data that is requested to be transmitted using a regular wired modem or some other connection. The scheme of operation of this system looks like this: for example, to download a file, you send a request through a regular modem, after which this file is transmitted to you using a satellite communication channel. The speed of receiving data from a satellite can vary greatly - as a rule, it is several hundred Kbps, which is very good.

There is another type of satellite Internet, which involves the use of special equipment to transmit signals to and from a satellite. The cost of such a system is estimated at tens of thousands of dollars, which few can afford.

Given the widespread use of ADSL, the real need for satellite Internet may arise only where ADSL is unavailable for some reason. Among the advantages of this type of Internet connection, one can note the possibility of using a satellite dish not only for working with data, but also for receiving satellite television.

The disadvantage of satellite Internet is the relatively long time between the transmission of a request and the reception of data, which makes it a dubious solution for those who are fond of network games.

Satellite Internet is characterized by a number of specific services. For example, pre-ordered files can be downloaded at very high speeds.

7.1.10. Leased line, home or city LAN

Access via a leased line is relevant for private users when the laying of this very line does not require significant costs. In general, for those who want to connect to the Internet over a high-speed channel and at the same time not spend a lot of money, the best option is to connect to home or city local networks, which, as a rule, organize access to high-speed Internet connections.

You can connect to such networks in various ways - in fact, these are ordinary local networks.

7.1.11. Mobile Internet: GPRS and others

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is one of the services of extremely widespread GSM networks in Russia.

Sometimes, when talking about generations of cellular communications, GPRS networks are called 2, 5G networks. There are also 3G networks, that is, third-generation networks (for example, these include the W-CDMA, CDMA2000, TD-CDMA, DECT, EDGE standards). These networks are deployed in some places in Russia, they are characterized by very high data transfer rates. However, in practice, it is far from always possible to obtain noticeable benefits from the use of new generation equipment.

One of the features of GPRS is the ability to use the principle of payment for services depending on the amount of information transmitted, that is, the payment mode is used for traffic, and not for connection time.

The user gets the opportunity to be online for as long as he likes without paying for the connection time. The maximum data transfer rate provided by the GPRS standard is 171.2 Kbps. The actual speed depends on many parameters - on the workload and capabilities of the operator's network, on the characteristics of a particular device, etc. For Russian operators, it usually lies in the region of 30 Kbps.

Having discussed various types of access to the Internet, we will conduct their comparative analysis. In table. 7.1, information is collected on all the described types of access and an approximate "portrait" of the user of a particular technology is drawn.

Table 7.1. Comparison of different types of Internet access

Type of access	Advantages	disadvantages	User
Modem connection	Widely available, does not require a major investment	Low speed and reliability of connections, unavailability of telephone communication	Someone who does not need to transfer large amounts of data, or the Internet is rarely needed. Novice user.
ADSL	High speed, low traffic cost	Relatively high cost of connection, although in general the technology is practically devoid of drawbacks	If the initial cost of $150 doesn't scare you and there is no restriction on ADSL connection in your area, it will be the best solution for any use.
satellite access	High speed of downloading information, additional services ( digital television)	Relatively high (about $300) connection cost, the need for an outgoing communication channel (modem connection, etc.), a relatively long server response time	A user who does not have the ability to use ADSL connections, leased lines, home network connections, etc., but wants to increase the speed of downloading data from the Internet.
Home or city LAN with leased line access	Medium speed, low cost	If there are a large number of subscribers, the speed drops, dependence on the provider's equipment, which, in the case of home networks, can be maintained "on a voluntary basis", that is, long downtime is possible	This method is very attractive for those who, in addition to working on the Internet, want to use local information resources. For example, to download (for only a monthly fee, usually a small one) large amounts of information, to play online games.
Dedicated line	High speed and reliability, low traffic cost	High connection and maintenance costs	A solution for professionals who need reliable high-speed Internet access (although ADSL competes with leased lines here)
Mobile Internet	Internet access is available anytime and anywhere	High cost of traffic	As a rule, mobile Internet users do not transmit very large amounts of information, that is, it does not cost them too much. Therefore, the mobile Internet is suitable for everyone who needs to work with Internet resources in "marching" conditions. Also, a GPRS connection can be a good backup channel in case of problems with the main Internet connection channel.

Dial-up connection via modem. To date, the cheapest way to connect to the Internet is access to the provider's computer via analog and analog-digital lines of telephone networks via a modem. The oldest session (dial-up) method of connecting to the Internet has disadvantages: low speed and a busy line. The upper speed limit is 56 Kbps.

Dial-up connection via ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) allows you to transfer data at speeds up to 9 Mbps in the forward direction and 1 Mbps in the reverse direction over conventional telephone lines.

Dial-up connection via ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) allows connection to the Internet through networks in which the access line to providers can be completely digital. This allows you to transfer a digital signal from one computer to another without conversion. Due to this, information is transmitted at speeds up to 384 Kbps.

Connection via leased lines. You get the opportunity to use the Internet 24 hours a day without paying for the services of the telephone company at a temporary rate. In this case, a fiber optic cable is laid up to the user's premises. The speed and quality of transmission over the channel in this case is guaranteed.

Frame relay connection. With uneven information load on the lines, it is often more profitable to use a connection via frame relay networks ("variable structure"). The principle of operation of such networks is simple: the minimum guaranteed bandwidth of the channel is determined, and if necessary, the bandwidth is expanded to the possible limits. Such "forced" transmission of information is allowed if the line is not loaded by other users. It is obvious that such networks should be used in a small office, where the likelihood of several services accessing the network at the same time is low. From a financial point of view, a frame relay network is quite profitable.

Connection via cable television networks. In the case of the implementation of this technology, we immediately get a TV, telephone and Internet. Transmission speeds enable high-quality Internet telephony, real-time video conferences, broadcasting of TV programs on the World Wide Web. Data transmission is carried out via an HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial) cable - a combined opto-coaxial cable. In this case, the data transfer protocol will remain IP (Internet Protocol) or newer protocols.

Connection via radio modem. This method will get rid of the telephone company.

Gets widespread Connectionthrough mobile devices.

Internet Services

Internet services or services are usually understood as the types of services that are provided by servers that are part of the network. The following are the oldest services available since the birth of the web:

1. Usenet (teleconferences, newsgroups) - an outdated service that allows you to organize network discussions on certain topics.

2. FTP - file transfer service.) allows you to send and receive files from FTP file servers connected to the Internet.

3. Telnet - a service for remote access to computers.

4. Electronic mail (e-mail) - a message transfer service.

5. World Wide Web (WWW, Web, "World Wide Web") - a service for searching and viewing hypertext documents, including graphics, sound and video.

Of the above services, the last two remain popular so far. Other services and services have been added to them. Currently, the most popular services can be arranged in the following order: E-mail. WWW (search engines, news sites, forums, blogs, social networks), IRC messaging services (chats), Internet shops, electronic payment systems, Internet telephony. In addition, popular modern services include instant messaging (ICQ, GoogleTalk, Skype), wikis, bulletin boards, Internet television, social networking services, virtual dating service, exact time service, distributed computing, cloud computing, YouTube, etc.

Do you need to connect your computer to the Internet?
1st Computer Support Center offers several ways to connect to the Internet, so you can choose the most suitable for yourself. Our specialists will consult you free of charge on connection methods, cost of work, terms of their implementation, recommend a provider, and check the possibility of connection. We will help you choose the optimal connection and set it up. For all services we provide a lifetime warranty.

Departure and diagnostics, in the case of the provision of services,.

Connection via ADSL

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) is a new technology that allows you to organize high-speed Internet access on a regular telephone number. In this case, the telephone line remains free. To provide access services, a wire from the MGTS node is used.
Advantages:
1) Permanent access
Your computer is connected to the Internet at all times. You do not need to call the provider. Turn on the computer, open the browser - and you are on the Internet!
2) Free phone
When using ADSL, the phone remains free. You can surf the Internet and talk on the phone at the same time.
3)High transfer rate
ADSL belongs to the class of broadband technologies. It provides data transfer speed in the direction to the subscriber - up to 7 Mbps. High speed allows you to comfortably work with Web sites, quickly transfer large files and documents, work with multimedia, fully use interactive applications.
4Economy
ADSL is practically the only technology capable of making broadband Internet access a truly mass service. Ease of operation and the absence of problems with dialing, successfully combined with low cost. You can choose an unlimited plan with high speed for a very reasonable fee.

Disadvantages:
1) Stationarity.
For home use only.

Simple modem access (Dial-in, Dual-Up)

This technology was developed at the dawn of the computer age for analog telephone lines. Easy connection method, user only need telephone line and modem. Connection via a telephone line, using a modem that is inserted into the computer or can be external. Data transfer rate up to 56 Kbps . This speed enough if you want to: download an HTML web page, a text document, a beautiful picture, a patch for a game or program, or drivers for new devices, the size of which does not exceed a few hundred kilobytes - all this does not require much time and high-speed connections. This connection method is suitable for those who rarely access the Internet. For more demanding subscribers, a modem connection through a telephone line is often unacceptable.

Disadvantages:
1) Seizes the phone line during the session. You cannot use your phone while browsing the Web.
2) Low bit rate up to 56Kbps.
3) High susceptibility to break connections due to interference.
4) The modem pool is often overloaded, so you have to repeat dialing several times.

SkyLink

Mobile Internet at the speed of a leased line.
Mobile Internet sky link is a connection to the Internet using a mobile phone.Your Subscriber Terminal ( phone or modem) is equipped with a high-speed data transmission module that provides data transfer rates up to 2.4 Mbps.
This speed, comparable to the speed of dedicated access, allows you to enjoy all the benefits of mobile Internet.
To connect modem Sky Link to a computer, you need to install special software, then insert the modem into the USB or PCMCIA connector or connect it to a laptop using a data cable.To connect phone Sky Link to a computer requires a data cable with a USB or COM connector. Some models of Sky Link radiotelephones support connection with a computer via the Bluetooth radio interface.
Advantages:
1) High data rate
The high-speed data transfer module provides speeds up to 2.4 Mbps.
2) Connection on the same day
3) Mobility.
From a laptop you can access the Internet wherever it is convenient for you.
4) Large coverage area.
Reception zone - Moscow and Moscow Region
5) The most reliable operator.

Golden WiFi

"Golden WiFi" is a wireless Internet access network based on WiFi technology. The connection speed is up to 54 Mbps (for 802/11g and 11 Mbps for 802/11b). In this case, the information transfer rate can reach several megabits per second, which is more than enough to freely download web pages and check mail, as well as use other Internet resources. Necessary equipment:
1) PC (desktop or laptop) or PDA
2) Wireless adapter
Advantages:
1)Mobility
Wireless Internet is available to you everywhere: at home, at work, in a cafe, in a park, you are not tied to a specific place and can access the Internet wherever it is convenient for you.
2) Coverage area.
Golden WiFi is the largest urban wireless network in the world. The coverage area includes most of the center of Moscow and many other areas of the city, while the network continues to grow and develop, new access points are added daily.
3) Variety of forms of payment.
You can pay for Golden WiFi services in the following ways: using payment systems ( e - port , Eleksnet, OSMP, Beeline mobile wallet, webmoney , Yandex.Money), using GoldenTelecom payment cards, at sales offices or using your credit card.
4) Availability of unlimited tariffs

GPRS
GPRS Internetwill allow you to access the Internet from a computer using a mobile phone as a modem.

To use the GPRS service with a mobile phone, you need to establish a connection between the phone and the computer. This can be done using an interface cable, infrared or Bluetooth. You will also need to install the appropriate software, which usually comes with the phone. Then you need to configure the GPRS connection itself. The connection speed depends on the type of GPRS-enabled phone, typically up to 54 Kbps.
GPRS-Internet - allows you to enjoy all the benefits of wireless Internet access, namely: work with e-mail, browse web pages, update cell phone software directly via the Internet, access corporate databases, etc. using a cell phone as a modem.

Advantages:
1) Mobility.
You have the opportunity to access the Internet wherever you want - in a cafe, at work, in a traffic jam, etc.
2) Does not require additional equipment.
Internet access is provided through your phone.

Disadvantages:
1) Low data rate
2) The cost of a Mbit depends on your operator, but is usually higher than with other methods
Internet connection.

This lesson is the second part of the Peripherals topic started by . And today we will look at the devices with which we can access the Internet.

Ways to connect to the Internet

First, let's look at the most common ways to connect to the Internet:

1. local computer network or ethernet(sometimes called fixed Internet access);

2. Through a telephone line(ADSL and Dial-Up);

3. Mobile access(GPRS, EDGE, 3G);

4. Through cable TV(DOCSIS).

Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we looked at the main devices for connecting to the Internet. I did not touch on satellite Internet and other, more exotic options, so as not to overload you with specific information (the lesson was not small anyway).

If there are any unclear points or additional questions, write in the comments, we will try to figure it out.

Reminder of the opportunity to receive news about fresh IT lessons yourself by e-mail. To do this, follow this link, and then confirm your subscription in the email you received.

Copying prohibited

Previously, people lived without telephones, computers, televisions, and information and new knowledge were obtained from books, newspapers, magazines. Today everything is much easier and more convenient. To read a new book, watch a movie, find out the news of show business or the approved laws in the country, all you need is an Internet connection on a PC, mobile gadget or other device that has such capabilities. Connecting to the Internet today for many is not only a means of communication, but also a place of work.

Successful use of Internet services requires the following components:

• PC, tablet, laptop, netbook, smart phone, etc;
• a modem that converts signals into information and transfers information into signals by sending them over a telephone line;
• software. Modern PCs already have built-in programs in the operating system that allow you to connect to the Internet. This can also include drivers (software package), browser;
• a communication line that transmits information without conversion using a modem;
• provider - a service provider who charges for connection time, amount of information, a certain period.

Important! To connect a personal computer to the network, you need these devices and a specialist who can adjust all the settings.

Ways to connect to the Internet

New technologies and developments in this area make it possible to connect from the usual modem to high-speed technologies. Methods of connecting to the Internet depend on the requested services, quality, speed, payment, etc.

You can connect the World Wide Web to a computer or laptop using:

• cable;
• modem;
• WiFi.

Wired connection

A wired connection (often called "twisted pair") has a number of advantages, which are expressed as a connection for a large number of equipment. It is convenient to use in offices, organizations and large institutions running on a PC.

The speed of information movement directly through an optical cable reaches 1 Gb / s, and through a twisted pair - 100 Mb / s. It depends on the type of cable and the network card that receives the signal.

Other advantages of wired Internet:

• the speed is several times higher than through Wi-Fi;
• there is no delay in the exchange of files, games;
• signal quality is not affected by external factors.

There is only one drawback here - the presence of cables and cords.

Note! As a rule, the developers of modern equipment and the latest technologies have taken care of the comfort of the client. Mobile gadgets and PCs do not require special settings, they are already built-in during assembly.

USB connection – modem

Since cable can interfere with movement and clutter up small spaces, there is a device for accessing the Internet without a cable. This is a modem. It is designed to convert network signals into information understandable to devices that receive them.

Types of modems for Internet access:

• external (ADSL);
• internal.

Modem advantages:

• availability. Can work with any computer, laptop, netbook;
• practicality. Does not take up processor resources during operation;
• quality. Excellent technical characteristics allow you to work quickly, efficiently;
• low cost.

You can list all the advantages of modems for a long time, but there is no need. A user who has tried the device at least once will not refuse it.

Since a computer or laptop loses its functionality and usefulness without turning on the Internet, and there is no Internet cable in the room, a modem will help eliminate this problem. To connect the modem to a PC or other device, you need:

1. Buy a modem that satisfies in terms of traffic, price, subscription fee, etc.
2. Turn on the PC and wait for it to fully boot.
3. Connect the modem to the device and press the ON button.
4. Load the installation disk into the drive and configure the drivers. If this is not possible, then, most likely, the settings have already been entered into the device and will be automatically unpacked.
5. A browser shortcut should appear on the desktop. By clicking on it twice, you should enter the provider data that the system requests (this is a login and password).
6. Launch any browser, making sure that the connection was successful.

Note! To check the device, it is recommended to go to the task manager and run diagnostics. If the settings are correct, then by clicking "Interrogate", the diagnostics will be successful. Otherwise, a triangle with a yellow exclamation mark will be displayed.

Tunnel connection

Among other convenient ways, many users highlight the "tunnel". The L2TP tunnel protocol is easily processed by network devices, reduces the load on the processor, and has a high speed of supply and exchange of information. L2TP is an analogue of the old PPTP protocols from Microsoft and Cisco.

How to turn on the Internet on a computer on Windows:

1. Open "Start" with the right mouse button.
2. Find "Network Connections" and click on them.
3. In the "Settings" section, select "Network Sharing Center".
4. Select "Create a new connection or network".
5. In the network settings, click on "Desktop Connection" and press Enter or "Next". It should show "Use my Internet connection".
6. Enter the server address, thereby allowing other users to use the connection.
7. Enter your username and code, connect to the Network and go to the "Network Connections" section.
8. Find "Properties" and open security options. In the VPN Type section, click L2TP with IPsec (L2TP/IPsec). It is not necessary to specify anything in the "Encryption" field.
9. Enter the key (password) provided by the provider and authenticate.
10. To finish work.

Connecting PPTP on Windows

Going into the "Windows" settings, the "Internet" section, you should choose to add a VPN connection. Then enter the password and username. Through the "Properties" right-click to specify the point-to-point tunnel protocol and confirm the actions.

PPPoE connection

To connect the Internet to Windows XP, you need:

1. Go to "Start" → "Control Panel" → "Network Connections".
2. In the "Create a new connection" window, select the "New Connection Wizard" assignment.
3. By selecting "Connect to the Internet", activate the menu.
4. Select "Set up a connection manually" and "Via high-speed connection ...".
5. Enter the name "NETBYNET", in the next window - login and password.
6. Confirm the listed actions.

Connecting via Wi-Fi

If there is a configured router in the room, then this option for connecting to the Network is the easiest. In just a few minutes, you can set up the Internet and use its services.

Note! For a high-quality wireless connection, you need desire and a working device that is ready to receive a signal.

What you need to do to get access:

1. Click on the wireless transmission module on the device.
2. In the "Controls" section, select "Network Connections".
3. Select a wireless connection and activate it.
4. Enter a password (if the system prompts).

If there is an opportunity and desire to connect the router to a laptop or computer, then the steps are as follows:

1. Turn off the router, connect the cable to the device through the desired connector.
2. In the Windows menu, find "Network and Sharing Center".
3. Select a LAN connection, get an IP automatically (you should copy the highlighted numbers - this is Static IP).
4. Enter the numbers 192.168.1.1 in the address bar of the operating system browser. In the field that appears, enter the login - admin and the password that is on the router. Select dynamic IP, click "Next".
5. Enter your Wi-Fi name and password.

How to connect the Internet to a computer

There are also many ways to connect a computer or laptop to the World Wide Web using various devices. Everyone can safely be called convenient, practical and light. But each user will choose for himself exactly the “one” that will satisfy all his requirements.

How providers connect the Internet

Those who wish to set up the Internet need a personal computer, a program for viewing content - a browser and a provider that provides Internet services.

The provider allows each user to identify himself with a login and password. Different providers serve different geography and provide their own amount of traffic, speed, etc.

To find a provider, you should first of all use word of mouth. You should find out which providers are already in the house (if it is a high-rise building), what is the quality of communication, what tariffs are better and other little things. You can also search for them on the Internet in special forums. There, according to user reviews, you can learn a lot of useful things.

How to connect a new PC to the Internet

The Internet can be connected to a personal computer through:

• cable;
• router;
• modem;
• access point;
• phone via bluetooth, USB cable (but the computer gadget must have 3G or Wi-Fi).

Step-by-step instructions for connecting a PC to a Wi-Fi router via a network adapter:

1. On the desktop in the lower right corner, click on the "Antenna" icon. A window will appear, and in it available networks and connections to them.
2. Select the desired network and click on "Connect".
3. If the Wi-Fi is protected from "foreign" users, a window will appear in which you need to enter a password - a code that protects the provider.
4. After confirming the password, click on OK and you can safely use Internet services.

Note! If the Antenna label is crossed out with a red cross, then the laptop or computer does not see the network. In this case, you should check if the traffic distributor is enabled. But if everything is on, and the device model is old, the gadget may not support the Wi-Fi function.

Above are the most common and convenient ways to connect to the global network. In city apartments, high-rise buildings, the most practical (from a financial point of view) is a cable connection. You can install the Internet by calling your ISP or contacting support. Well, for those users whose conditions do not allow using this method (they live outside the city), it remains to set up the Network only through a modem with a SIM card from a mobile operator.

23. 05.2017

Blog of Dmitry Vassiyarov.

Types of the Internet - what are they?

Hello.

Are you going to change your provider or get another access point to the World Wide Web? Then you should know what types of the Internet there are, or rather, connections to it. The speed and convenience of work, as well as the amount you spend on connection and use, will depend on your choice.

The Internet has become so commonplace for a modern person that few people think about what kinds of it exist and how it improved to the result that we have now. Interesting to know? We read the article.

Wired connection

Let's start with the fact that you can connect to the global network using wires or without them. The first option, as a rule, implies a higher speed and stability of the connection. But, as you understand, it is suitable if you are going to use the Internet stationary. This is true? For you, I will talk about modern types of wired connections and what preceded them.

dial up

One of the most internet connections. Remember the times when users were on the Internet, and because of this, it was impossible for them to get through to a landline phone? They had a dial-up connection.

Physically, it looked like this: the subscriber had a modem that, when connected to the Internet, dialed the pool number and connected to the device at the provider's station.

The speed of such a connection was 56 kbps. Moreover, the tariff was determined not by the services provided, but by the time spent on the network.

It could even be half an hour.

xDSL (ADSL, VDSL, SHDSL)

First broadband internet. What does it mean? This type of connection is also implemented through a telephone line and a modem, or rather two. It is faster than its predecessor. Also, when a subscriber is surfing the Internet, he is also available by phone. This was made possible by separating frequencies for data transmission and conversations.

In the name of a family of technologies, the symbol "x" conventionally denotes the first letter of a particular subspecies. DSL from English stands for Digital Subscriber Line, which in translation is a digital subscriber line. Connection types differ in information encoding and data transfer rate. It is considered the most high-performance - up to 24 Mb / s.

As you understand, this connection no longer meets modern requirements, so now it is practically not found.

FTTx

This type of connection is the next stage in the development of broadband network after xDSL. It works according to the following scheme: in an apartment building or near private houses, a switch is installed, connected to the provider's station using a fiber optic wire; a twisted pair cable is connected to the client's house, inserted either directly into the computer or into the router.

Under the abbreviation FTTx, a family of Internet types is collected. It stands for "fiber to the x", which means fiber to the point "x". Instead of the last character, different letters can be specified:

• N (node) - network node.
• C / K (curb / kerb) - means: to the quarter, microdistrict.
• DP (distribution point) - distribution point.
• P (premises) - in general: before the premises. The most common option includes 2 subspecies: B (building) - the cable reaches the building boundary (foundation, basement, technical floor), H (home) - directly to the apartment or house.
• D/S (desktop/subscriber) - optical fiber is pulled into a media converter or terminal located near the subscriber's desktop.

E/Z (telecom enclosure/zone) - connection from the server room to the workplace.

The FTTx family is popular these days because it offers decent quality at an affordable price. Do you want to get high-speed Internet, television and telephone communications in one bottle? Choose this option. If all 8 cores in the cable are used and good equipment, your connection speed can be up to 1 Gbps.

Take a look at the alternative. With the help of fiber optics and twisted pair, a connection is made to the global network and through another technology - Ethernet, which also provides high-speed data transfer at speed. By the way, Ethernet subtypes have already been developed with indicators of 2.5, 5, 10 Gb / s and higher.

Another family of modern broadband connections. Depending on the connection method and Internet speed, other letters are written instead of “x”. The abbreviation contains the phrase "passive optical network", which translates as "passive optical network". In fact, it looks like a tree-like fiber-cable architecture with passive fan-outs at the nodes.

Simply put, one transceiver module is used for many subscribers

The cable is laid directly to the client's home and is included in the media converter, terminal or sfp module of the switch. Hence, all its resources are used by one person. Therefore, Internet failures due to network congestion are excluded.

By connecting xPON, you will be able to use gigabit internet and other Tripple Play services (cable TV and telephony).

Satellite Internet

This type of Internet is also becoming a thing of the past, because it requires high connection costs. Judge for yourself: the subscriber needs to have at least an expensive satellite dish and receiver, as well as pay a lot to the provider for the provision of services. Although in return you get unlimited in tandem with digital television.

The organization of satellite Internet is carried out in two ways:

• Unilateral (asymmetric). Data is received via satellite and transmitted via either 3G/4G or cable.
• Bilateral (symmetrical). Reception and transmission of information is carried out through a satellite channel.

Nowadays, you can consider the option of connecting via satellite if the Internet is required, for example, in a remote village or a house in the forest. That is, where there is no opportunity to spend and poorly catches mobile communications.

Wireless connection

With the regular release of new products among smartphones and tablets, wireless Internet has gained popularity. Compared to a fiber-optic wired connection, it eliminates being tied to one place, but, as a rule, is inferior in speed.

This type of Internet can be divided into two main categories: the one provided by mobile operators and home or public through a WiFi router.

Mobile connection

It all started with GSM technology, which was developed for telephone conversations. When it was necessary to transfer data, an add-on for this channel appeared - GPRS: information is collected in packets and sent via unoccupied voice channels at a speed of 171 Kbps.

Very slowly, right? The developers also understood this, as a result of which they came up with another add-on - EDGE, which allows you to exchange data with a maximum speed of 474 Kbps.

3G

The needs of users were constantly growing, because of this, EDGE resources became insufficient. Thus, a technology was born that remains popular today. It provides speeds up to 3.6 Mbps.

To connect, you need a modem that is inserted into a computer or distributes the Internet via. Many gadgets have a built-in device for 3G. Services are provided, as a rule, by the same mobile operators.

This technology combines 5 data transmission standards, but CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is the most widely used.

4G

An advanced technology that has not yet displaced the previous generation due to insufficient number of coverage points and high cost. In 4G, the data transfer rate has been increased to 100 Mbps when traveling with a gadget, and up to 1 Gbps for landline subscribers.

This became possible due to the fact that communication is not divided into voice and Internet - only the latter is valid. In this case, there are also several standards: WiMax and LTE.

WiFi

Many people use this term daily, but few people know what it actually means. The abbreviation was formed from the English phrase "wireless fidelity", which translates as "wireless fidelity".

But now “Wi-Fi” is used as a separate, independent concept.

This is most likely not a species, but a subspecies of the connection. Since this is a connection to an access point, or a communication transfer.

Among the wireless types of Internet, Wi-Fi is the highest speed (up to 100 Mbps). It is based on radio signals: they are supplied by the provider, and you only need to have a receiver. It can be a router, a special module for a stationary computer, a smartphone, a tablet, etc.

That's all.

I wish you pleasant communication and fruitful work on the Internet, no matter which type of connection you choose.