CATON Mark Porcius Censorius Cato (the Elder) (234-149 BC) - Roman politician, orator, jurist, writer and commander, an implacable enemy of Carthage. * * * Work ends, but a job well done will not be lost. Add joy to worries. Life with a wife is not easy, but

CATON THE JUNIOR

(or Utic) (95-46 BC)

in Dr. Rome Republican, opponent of Caesar, supporter of Gnaeus Pompey. After Caesar's victory in 46 at Taps over the adherents of Pompey, he committed suicide. CATON the Younger (Utic) Marcus Porcius Cato Minor (95, Rome - April 8, 46 BC, Utica), Roman politician, judicial orator , a philosopher known for his justice and incorruptibility. Cato's youth Having lost his parents early, he was brought up with his sister and brother in the house of his uncle, the famous politician Livius Drusus. He comprehended science extremely slowly, but once having learned, he remembered for the rest of his life. Already in childhood, he discovered the qualities of an uncompromising fighter for justice. From early youth, having received the priesthood of the god Apollo, he led a moderate, almost ascetic lifestyle. Barefoot often came to the Forum, dressed in a toga over his naked body, which contrasted with the immoderate luxury in the clothes of Roman magistrates. In 72 he participated in the war against the slaves led by Spartacus, in which he distinguished himself by the ability to obey and courage, combined with subtle calculation. Then, as a military tribune, he served in Macedonia under the command of Praetor Rubrius. Despite the position of tribune, Cato led a more than modest lifestyle here. He dressed like a simple soldier, walked along with ordinary legionnaires on campaigns, was distinguished by fairness and reasonableness of decisions, which caused deep respect and devotion of his soldiers. Returning at the end of his service in Rome, he delivered court speeches and studied philosophy. Despite the simplicity and artlessness, his speeches quickly gained popularity, favorably differing in sincerity and fairness of judgments. The litigants were afraid of both attracting Cato to the number of judges and refusing to do so, since his absence among the judges was perceived by the Romans as the defendant's fear of losing an unjust case. Civil feat In 65, having taken the position of quaestor, he purged the scribal apparatus mired in bribery. As Plutarch writes (Cato, 18), "he convinced the Romans that by abstaining from injustice, the state can be rich." Be that as it may, having resigned the office of quaestor, he left the treasury cleared of crooks, and the treasury of the Roman people full of money. In 62, having achieved the position of plebeian tribune, he assisted the consul Cicero in punishing the participants in the Catiline conspiracy, for the first time publicly speaking in the Senate against the young Caesar, who defended the conspirators. He also opposed Pompey, seeing both as a threat to the Roman polity. Caesar and Pompey, acting through direct bribery and violence, opposed Cato, seeing him as the main threat to their power. They also considered dangerous his friendship with another brilliant political speaker - Cicero. Through their protege, the plebeian tribune Publius Clodius, they sent Cato with an embassy to the island of Cyprus, and in his absence they achieved the condemnation and expulsion of Cicero. Not having received a single soldier from Clodius, Cato nevertheless brilliantly coped with the assigned mission, appeasing the Cypriots and the inhabitants of Byzantium without the use of force. In Rome, he delivered a huge amount of money, exceeding even the amounts that were delivered during the triumphant military victories. Continuing the struggle against Pompey and Caesar, Cato in 56 fought in vain for the office of praetor, receiving it only in 54. In this position, he persuaded the Senate to adopt a decree on the provision of a report before a jury after the election by all candidates who solicited positions in order to eradicate the system of bribing voters. With the outbreak of the civil war, Cato, as a sign of mourning for the republic, stopped cutting his beard and lying down on a banquet bed. Having chosen Pompey as the lesser evil for the state, he went to him to Sicily, and then to Rhodes. Pompey disregarded the reasonable advice of Cato, he was afraid to entrust him with the command of the army, because he knew that, true to justice, Cato, in the event of Pompey's victory, would not be a reliable support in the struggle for sole power. After the defeat at Pharsalus and the death of Pompey in 48

Big encyclopedic dictionary. 2012

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what CATON THE JUNIOR is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

• Cato the Younger in the Wiki Quote:
  Data: 2008-06-04 Time: 10:16:25 * It is not important how long, but whether you have lived correctly. * If you look closely, it turns out that ...
• CATON in the Wiki Quote:
  Data: 2008-06-04 Time: 10:12:57 * Cato the Younger * Cato ...
• YOUNGER in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
  SERVICE PERSONNEL (MOP) - employees who are not directly involved in the production of products and the management of these processes, but perform service functions, ...
• YOUNGER in Sayings of Great Men:
  Happiness has never placed a person on such a height that he does not need others. Seneca the Younger - Small sorrows are talkative, ...
• CATON in Concise Dictionary mythology and antiquities:
  (Cato, ?. Portius). 1) Cato the Elder, nicknamed the Censor, b. in 234 B.C. in Tusculum. After a brilliant military…
• CATON in the Dictionary-Reference Who's Who in the Ancient World:
  Among the numerous members of the Porci family who bore this surname, the most famous are: 1) Mark Porcius CATON, nicknamed the Elder (234-149 BC), ...
• CATON
  (Cato) Senior (234-149 BC) Roman writer. Consul in 195. An implacable enemy of Carthage, a champion of old Roman customs. The treatise of Cato has been preserved ...
• CATON
  (Cato), a branch of the ancient Roman family of Portia. The most famous representatives: K. the Elder (or Censor) Marcus Portia (Marcus Porcius Cato Major) (234, Tusculum, ...
• CATON
  Cato (M. Porcius Cato), usually called, in contrast to K., a contemporary of Julius Caesar, the Elder (Major) and also called the Censor by Roman writers ...
• YOUNGER
  JUNIOR JUZ (Kishi Zhuz), Kazakh group. (Kirg.) Tribal. associations (jeti-ru, alim-uly, buy-uly) in the West. Kazakhstan (since the 16th century). FROM …
• CATON in the Great Russian encyclopedic dictionary:
  CATON the Younger (or Utic) (95-46 BC), in Dr. Rome Republican, opponent of Caesar, supporter of Gnaeus Pompey. After Caesar's victory in...
• CATON in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  CATON the Elder (or Censor) Marcus Porcius Cato Major (234-149 BC), Rome. state activist, writer. Consul in 195. ...
• YOUNGER in the Full accentuated paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
  younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, younger, ...
• YOUNGER in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language:
  lesser, lesser, younger, younger, lower, ...
• YOUNGER in the New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language Efremova:
  1. m. 1) Someone who is younger in age. 2) The one who is the youngest in age. 2. adj. one) …
• YOUNGER in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Lopatin:
  junior; after proper names and surnames it is written with a hyphen, for example: K'ennedy Jr., Ron'i Jr., but in some sources. nicknames - separately, for example: ...
• YOUNGER in the Spelling Dictionary:
  junior; after proper names and surnames, it is written with a hyphen, for example: k`ennedi-younger, ron`i-younger, but in some sources. nicknames - separately, for example: ...
• YOUNGER in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Ozhegov:
  lower in comparison with older ones in rank, position, official position M. lieutenant. M. researcher. Junior rank. junior standing...
• CATON in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
  The Younger (or Utic) (95-46 BC), in Dr. Rome Republican, opponent of Caesar, supporter of Gnaeus Pompey. After Caesar's victory in...
• YOUNGER in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Ushakov:
  younger, younger. 1. younger compared to someone else. Our younger friend. The younger generation. My younger brother, my younger sister (any...
• YOUNGER in the Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova:
  junior 1. m. 1) Someone who is younger in age. 2) The one who is the youngest in age. 2. adj. …
• YOUNGER in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language Efremova:
  I m. 1. Someone who is younger in age. 2. The one who is the youngest in age. II adj. one. …
• YOUNGER in the Big Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
  I m. 1. Someone who is younger in age (compared to someone). 2. The one who is the most ...
• ATHANASIUS VYSOTSKY JUNIOR in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
  Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Athanasius Vysotsky the Younger (c. 1362 - 1395), second hegumen of the Serpukhov Vysotsky Monastery, reverend. …
• Cato, Dionysius
  (c. III-IV centuries) - the alleged author of a collection of Latin ...
• Cato the Elder in the dates of birth and death of famous people:
  (Mark Porcius Cato) (234-149 BC) - Roman statesman and ...
• Pliny the Younger in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
  So G. Pliny Caecilius Secundus (G. Plinius Caecilius Secundus), maternal nephew of P. the Elder (see), contemporary and friend ...
• Pliny the Younger in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron:
  ? This is usually called G. Pliny Caecilius Secundus (G. Plinius Caecilius Secundus), maternal nephew of P. the Elder (see), contemporary and ...
• CATON, MARK PORTS in Collier's Dictionary:
  (Marcus Porcius Cato). In Roman history, two figures who bore this name are most famous. Cato the Elder, aka Cato the Censor (234 ...
• BLACK ASPER (TV SERIES) at the Wiki Quote.
• Ammianus Marcellinus at the Wiki Quote.
• CALENDAR in Encyclopedia Japan from A to Z:
  The traditional Japanese calendar, like the calendar of many other peoples East Asia, is lunisolar. It is believed to have been introduced in Japan...
• CAESAR
  Roman emperor in 49-44. BC Ancestor Juliev-Claudiev. Genus. OK. 100 B.C. Died March 15, 44 ...
• ANTIOCH III
• ANDRONIKUS II in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology.
• CAECILII in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
  CAECILIA, a vast and glorious plebeian gens (gens), which reached of great importance especially in the 3rd century. to R. X .: 1) L. ...
• ANTIOCH III THE GREAT in the biographies of Monarchs.
• ANDRONIKUS II PALEOLOGIST in the biographies of Monarchs.
• I. THE AGE OF THE REPUBLIC. in the Literary Encyclopedia:
  1. ANCIENT PERIOD. — Documented history of R. l. dates back to the middle of the 3rd century. BC e., to the era of the constitution of the Roman ...
• MILITARY RANKS in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  are personally assigned to each serviceman and person liable for military service in the reserve of the armed forces in accordance with their official position, military and special training, length of service ...
• HOLBEIN in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  Holbein, a family of German painters and graphic artists of the 15th-16th centuries. Hans H. the Elder (circa 1465, Augsburg, - 1524, Isenheim, now a suburb ...
• FISHER (MASTER OF BRONZE CASTING) in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  (Vischer), a family of German masters of bronze and brass casting, who worked in Nuremberg in the 15th-16th centuries. Workshop F. was founded in 1453 ...
• ROME ANCIENT in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  Ancient (lat. Roma), a city that arose (according to ancient legend, in 754/753 BC) from a group of settlements, by the middle of the 3rd century. …
• MILITARY RANKS in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  military, ranks, personally assigned to each serviceman and conscript armed forces in accordance with their official position, military or special training, ...
• JULIUS CAESAR-CONTINUED in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron.

Mark Porcius Cato(also known as Younger or Utic; lat. Marcus Porcius Cato (Minor/Uticensis); 95 BC e. - April 46 BC. BC) - an ancient Roman politician, great-grandson of Mark Porcius Cato the Elder (Censor). Legate in 67 B.C. e., military tribune in 67-66 BC. e., the quaestor in 64 BC. e., a plebeian tribune in 62 BC. e., a quaestor with the powers of a propraetor in 58-56 BC. e., praetor in 54 BC. e.

He remained the informal political and ideological leader of the majority in the Roman Senate from the late 60s BC. e. and until the civil war between Pompey and Caesar. For contemporaries, he was best known as a model of strict morals, a supporter of republican ideas, the leader of the aristocracy in the Senate, a principled opponent of Caesar and a prominent Stoic philosopher. After his suicide in Utica besieged by Caesar, he became a symbol of the defenders of the republican system.

Biography

Origin, childhood and youth

Marcus Porcius Cato was born in 95 BC. e., although in rare cases the year 97 is given as the date of birth. Cato was the son of Marcus Porcius Cato Salonianus and Livia Druza, for whom this was the second marriage. Cato had a half-brother Quintus Servilius Caepion and three sisters - Portia (native), Servilia Cepion Prima and Servilia Cepion Secunda (consolidated). There is also an assumption that Servilia the Younger was the niece of Cato. Livia's first husband was Quintus Servilius Caepio. On the paternal side, Cato belonged to the plebeians, which allowed him to later take the post of plebeian tribune, although a number of his maternal ancestors belonged to the patricians.

Cato's father died between 95 and 91 BC. e., already being elected praetor on next year(lat. praetor designatus). Cato also lost his mother early (she died around 92 BC), and then the maternal uncle Marcus Livius Drusus, a well-known reformist politician, who sheltered the children, was also killed. It is currently believed that it was the loss of his parents that left a strong imprint on Cato's further activities. In particular, his implacable opposition to Caesar's attempts to establish tyranny is sometimes explained by the character traits that appeared due to the absence of a strong dominant father figure during the period of personality formation.

Cato's biographer Plutarch reports that as a child, Mark studied well, but slowly, and also questioned everything said by his teacher Sarpedon. Around the year 81, Cato, observing the proscriptions, offered to kill the omnipotent dictator Sulla at that time, although the Catons survived civil wars primarily due to the favorable attitude on his part. Already in childhood, Mark stood out among his peers by following strict moral standards and gained popularity (at least, such a picture appears in the image of Plutarch, the only source on Cato's childhood). It is assumed that from childhood he realized that he owes self-respect not to family ties, but to firmness of character, and subsequently followed this path.

Carier start

In his youth, Cato became a priest of Apollo. In 72, he distinguished himself in suppressing the uprising of Spartacus. Having volunteered in the army of Lucius Gellius Publicola, where his half-brother was a tribune, Mark won honor with exemplary obedience and courage. His behavior stood out against the background of the indiscipline and effeminacy of most soldiers. Gellius repeatedly wanted to reward Mark, but he refused each time and stated that he had not done anything outstanding, for which, according to Plutarch, he "had been known as an eccentric since that time."

About the year 67 he was a legate, in the years 67-66 - a military tribune in Macedonia. During the election of the tribunes, Cato was the only one who strictly followed the new law on the ban on the use of the services of a slave nomenclator, and became the only person who himself kept in mind the names of all he met. On the way to Macedonia, Cato was accompanied by 15 slaves, two freedmen and four friends. Ancient authors point out that such a retinue was perceived by contemporaries as quite small. After the end of his powers in Macedonia, Mark made a study tour of the East (it is authentically known that Cato visited the provinces of Asia Minor and Syria). He also most likely visited the Pergamon Library and its rector, Athenodorus, an expert in Stoic philosophy. He made his journey very modestly, and if there was no place in the inn in the city, the city authorities sometimes refused to provide him with an overnight stay, not believing that in front of them was the great-grandson of Cato the Censor. Even then, Cato was known as a highly moral person, and he was met with honor and asked to take care of his wife and children in Rome by Gnaeus Pompey Magnus, one of the most influential people of that time. After a warm welcome from the all-powerful Pompey, the eastern cities began to curry favor with Cato in search of his location, although before meeting with Pompey, the inhabitants of Antioch ignored his arrival.