Presentation on the topic "atherosclerosis". The concept of atherosclerosis. Etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Classification of atherosclerosis. Pathological anatomy of atherosclerosis. Complications of atherosclerosis. Symptoms of atherosclerosis of the vessels of the legs

Relevance Today, diseases of the cardiovascular system have firmly taken first place not only in Russia, but also in the world. The reason for their mass in most cases is the industrialization of society with a ruined ecosystem, disgusting food, endless stressful situations. The severe and progressive course of such diseases, of course, implies the use of medicinal plants in the general treatment regimen. Many chemicals, when used for a long time, have a negative effect on the organs and functions of the body (primarily on the liver), that is, they become no less dangerous. Precisely selected collections of natural plants, although less effective for quickly obtaining a therapeutic result, have a mild, prolonged effect and do not harm the body.

Phytotherapy is indicated and useful in the initial and mild forms of chronic diseases, especially in the elderly, as an addition to the treatment with synthetic drugs. In addition, herbal medicine can reduce their dosages, which is important, given the side effects of the latter. In mild forms of the disease, phytotherapy under the supervision of a doctor can be used as the main and even the only method of treatment. Atherosclerosis, mild forms of diabetes, underlying the progression of many diseases of the cardiovascular system, are perfectly cured by herbal remedies. Phytotherapy, as a rule, involves long courses, from several weeks to six months or more, depending on the nature of the disease.

Hawthorn blood-red Increasing the body's resistance. Especially the heart muscle and brain to lack of oxygen in combination with sedative properties provides the effect of application in the initial stages of cardiovascular diseases: vegetative-vascular dystonia vegetative-vascular dystonia Hypertension Menopausal neurosis Atherosclerosis Tachyarrhythmia and IHD Recovery period after serious illness

Hawthorn fruit Pharmacotherapeutic group: Cardiotonic agent of plant origin. Pharmacological action: Infusion of hawthorn fruit has a cardiotonic, antispasmodic, moderate sedative effect, exhibits hypotensive properties, and normalizes blood coagulation. Indications for use: In the complex therapy of functional disorders of cardiovascular activity (neurocirculatory dystonia, cardialgia).

dietary supplement. Heart herbs Dietary supplement - a source of routine. The phytocomplex is recommended to support the cardiovascular system. Rutin supports the proper functioning of even the smallest vessels, ensuring their elasticity and permeability. Potassium and magnesium, which are part of the composition, are necessary for the proper conduct of nerve impulses in the heart and the coordination of its activity. Composition: Hawthorn fruit, valerian root, potassium aspartate, magnesium aspartate, rutin (vitamin P) One tablet contains 0.5 mg of rutin. Helps to improve the functional state of the cardiovascular system, mild sedative with a decrease in irritability, improve the general condition and increase efficiency, normalize sleep.

Gerovital Indications: Hypovitaminosis (prevention and treatment), increased need for vitamins, trace elements and minerals (intense physical or mental activity, convalescence, postoperative period, after radiation therapy, lactation period; pregnancy, a period of intensive growth in children and adolescents; intoxication; stressful situations; inadequate and unbalanced nutrition). Ingredients: Hawthorn + Multivitamins

Motherwort herb Infusion of motherwort herb has a pronounced sedative effect, a pronounced sedative effect, has hypotensive properties, has hypotensive properties, slows down the rhythm and increases the strength of heart contractions. slows down the rhythm and increases the force of heart contractions.

Phytosedan® 2 Soothing collection 2 Phytosedan® 2 Soothing collection 2 Pharmacological action: The infusion of the collection has a calming, moderate antispasmodic effect. Indications for use: Increased nervous excitability, sleep disturbances, early stage of arterial hypertension (as part of complex therapy). Ingredients: Motherwort herb 40% Hop seedlings (cones) 20% Peppermint leaves 15% Valerian rhizomes with roots 15% Licorice roots 10%

Valerian rhizomes with roots An infusion of valerian rhizomes has a sedative and antispasmodic effect (in relation to the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary system). Facilitates the onset of natural sleep. The sedative effect comes on slowly, but is quite stable. Indications for use: Increased nervous excitability, sleep disturbances, functional disorders of the cardiovascular system, spasms of the gastrointestinal tract.

Preparations Valerian Valerian officinalis rhizome with roots (Valerian tincture) Valerian officinalis rhizome with roots tincture+Melissa officinalis herb extract+Peppermint leaf extract (Persen), Valerian officinalis rhizome with roots tincture+Hop fruit extract (sanason)

Novo-passit contains: a complex of extracts of medicinal plants Hawthorn Hawthorn Hops Hops St. John's wort St. John's wort Melissa Melissa Passionflower (passiflora incarnate), Passionflower (passiflora incarnate), Elder Elderberry Valerian Valerian Guaifenesin 200 mg. Guaifenesin 200 mg. Novopassit Novopassit (complex of extracts of medicinal plants)

Ingredients: Motherwort herb 25% Oregano herb 25% Thyme herb 25% Valerian rhizomes with roots 17% Sweet clover herb 8% Phytosedan® 3 Soothing collection 3 Pharmacological action: The infusion of the collection has a sedative (calming), antispasmodic effect. Indications for use: Increased nervous excitability, sleep disturbances, early stage of arterial hypertension, spasms of the gastrointestinal tract (as part of complex therapy).

Melilot officinalis In coronary heart disease, microcirculation improvement is combined with sedative and antihypoxic effects. With coronary artery disease, the improvement of microcirculation is combined with sedative and antihypoxic effects. Anti-inflammatory activity and normalization of capillary blood flow make sweet clover preparations effective in cardiovascular diseases Anti-inflammatory activity and normalization of capillary blood flow make sweet clover preparations effective in cardiovascular diseases

Sweet clover is used for disorders of cerebral circulation, helps with hypertension, atherosclerosis and can be used for prevention. It significantly improves the blood supply to the myocardium, slows down the rhythm of heart contractions. Thanks to these properties, sweet clover is used for angina pectoris, thrombosis of coronary vessels, the post-infarction period, tachycardia, thrombophlebitis.

Indications for use: Cardioneurosis Cardioneurosis Vegetative-vascular dystonia of hypertensive type Vegetative-vascular dystonia of hypertensive type Essential hypertension Hypertensive disease Insomnia Insomnia Palpitations Palpitations

Aronia chokeberry In the chokeberry there are very valuable flavonoids, which have a high P-activity, capable of removing the permeability and fragility of capillaries. it is rich in such vitamins as A, B1, B2, C, E, P, PP, carotene, copper, manganese, iodine, boron, magnesium, iron, molybdenum. As well as sugars, nicotinic, malic, folic and other organic acids, riboflavin, cyanine, pectin and tannins.

Chokeberry is used for: hypertension angina pectoris atherosclerosis rheumatism diabetes mellitus hyperthyroidism gastritis with low acidity allergies immunodeficiency hemorrhagic diathesis capillary toxicosis radiation injuries to improve digestion

BP-norm is recommended to improve the functional state of the cardiovascular system, with a tendency to arterial hypertension, as an additional source of flavonoids, as an additional source of flavonoids, as well as in adolescence, in menopause, with vegetative-vascular dystonia. Composition (1 capsule 0.3 g): Aronia fruit extract - 0.1 g Hawthorn fruit extract - 0.08 g Dried marshweed extract - 0.04 g Japanese Sophora buds - 0.04 g Vitamin E - 0.04 g Vitamin C - 0.03 g Magnesium oxide, potassium citrate - 0.01 g

AD minus Composition: 1 tab. contains dry extract of buckwheat - 41 mg, cudweed extract - 41 mg, buckwheat grass mg; Indications for use: Arterial hypertension.

Angio Norm Indications of the drug Angionorm® As part of complex therapy for conditions accompanied by vascular disorders, such as: increased platelet aggregation (thrombosis, thromboembolism); impaired capillary permeability and microcirculation (capillary thrombosis); violation of venous circulation (varicose veins, post-thrombophlebitic syndrome, thrombophlebitis). Ingredients: dry extract obtained from a mixture of medicinal plant materials of hawthorn fruits, licorice roots, horse chestnut seeds, wild rose fruits

A chronic disease characterized by a violation of fat and protein metabolism, which is manifested by the deposition of protein-lipid complexes in the vessel wall of the elastic and muscular-elastic type and, in connection with this, the development of sclerotic changes there. Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis.

Endothelium Elastic membrane Smooth muscle cells 1. Dolipid stage. Endocrine, metabolic disorders. Local causes contributing to the increase in vascular permeability for fat-protein substances. Destructive changes in the vascular endothelium. Pathomorphology - fat-containing vacuoles appear in the cytoplasm of endotheliocytes. The basement membrane is fragmented, elastic and collagen fibers are destroyed.

2. Stage of fatty spots and stripes (lipidosis). focal accumulation in the intima of vessels of fat-protein deposits in these foci, macrophages appear that carry out phagocytosis. (xanthoma cells) Pathomorphology: yellow spots and streaks are clearly visible by visual observation. Spots and stripes do not rise above the surface of the vessel and do not change its elasticity.

3. Stage of fibrous plaque (liposclerosis). development of connective tissue and neovascularization in the plaque Pathomorphology: fibrous plaques rise above the surface of the vessel, lead to a deterioration in blood flow and create local conditions for the formation of blood clots. In the small vessels of the heart, kidneys, intestines, the presence of plaques in the intima of the supplying arteries leads to a deterioration in the blood circulation of tissues, dystrophic and atrophic changes in these organs. Cholesterol crystals Blood vessels

4. Stage of atheromatosis. tissue necrosis of the center of the plaque Pathomorphology: necrosis of the center of the plaque. As a result of the destruction of the vasa vasorum, intramural hematomas may occur. Tissue detritus in the center of the plaque consists of cholesterol crystals, xanthoma cells, and fragments of destroyed vessel structures.

5. Stage of formation of atheromatous ulcers. An ulcer forms at the site of an atherosclerotic plaque. Pathomorphology: the plaque cover can open and cause tissue or fat embolism (fat content enters the lumen of the vessel, which causes blood clotting and thrombosis). Often, at the edge of an atheromatous ulcer, parietal blood clots are formed, creating a risk of developing thromboembolism.

6. Stage of atherocalcinosis. Over time, dystrophic calcification develops in an atheromatous ulcer - atherocalcinosis develops. At the sectional table, it is more often possible to simultaneously detect all stages of atherosclerotic changes in the vessels - from spots and stripes to atherocalcinosis. This circumstance testifies to the continuously progressing course of the process, which has periods of exacerbation and remission.

1. Definition of the concept: A disease, the main symptom of which is a long-term and persistent increase in blood pressure "primary" (idiopathic) - the cause is unknown; "secondary" or symptomatic hypertension, which is a manifestation of many diseases of the nervous, endocrine systems, pathology of the kidneys and blood vessels.

2. Etiology of hypertension. The etiology of hypertension has not been FINALLY Elucidated Based on many observations, it can be concluded that hypertension occurs as a result of prolonged neuropsychic stress in combination with a hereditary predisposition

Crisis (malignant) course Fibrinoid necrosis of the afferent arteriole (PAS - reaction) corrugation and destruction of the basement membrane of the endothelium; spasm of an arteriole; plasma impregnation or fibrinoid necrosis of its wall; thrombosis, sludge phenomenon. heart attacks, hemorrhages

Classification of hypertension. Benign variant of the course 1. Preclinical stage. (functional) stage. Intermittent increase in pressure, moderate hypertrophy of the muscle layer and elastic structures of arterioles and small arteries, spasm of arterioles, moderate hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart.

Benign variant of the course The stage of widespread changes in arterioles. Plasma impregnation of arterioles and small arteries entails damage to endothelial cells, basement membrane, muscle cells and fibrous wall structures. In the future, arteriole hyalinosis or arteriolosclerosis occurs. Most often, arterioles and small arteries of the kidneys, brain, pancreas, intestines, retina, adrenal glands undergo plasma impregnation and hyalinosis. Elastosis, elastofibrosis and sclerosis of large arteries

Classification of hypertension. Benign course variant 3. Stage of secondary changes in organs. Sclerosis and hyalinosis of small arteries and arterioles - reduced blood flow in organs

Presentation on the topic: Atherosclerosis

Description of the slide:

Atherosclerosis is a common chronic disease of the elastic and muscular-elastic arteries (large and medium caliber), characterized by infiltration of atherogenic apoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins into the vessel wall, followed by the development of connective tissue, atheromatous plaques, organ and general circulatory disorders.

Description of the slide:

RISK FACTORS: Socio-cultural: consumption of high-calorie, high in saturated fat and cholesterol food, sedentary lifestyle, nervous stress. Internal risk factors: arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, impaired carbohydrate tolerance, obesity, aggravated heredity, others.

Description of the slide:

RISK FACTORS: Irreversible - age, male gender, genetic predisposition. Reversible - smoking, GB, Obesity. Partially reversible - hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, low HDL, low physical activity, stress.

Description of the slide:

Pathological anatomy Early atherosclerotic changes in the intima Fatty lesions of the intima (fat streak, lipofibrous plaque) Fibrous plaque

Description of the slide:

The main pathogenetic mechanisms of exacerbation of atherosclerosis: weakening of the fibrous membrane of the plaque and its rupture; disproportionately large lipid core; thrombus formation at the site of rupture of the plaque capsule or on an endothelial defect with severe stenosis; endothelial dysfunction (local and generalized); diffuse inflammatory response.

Presentation of Atherosclerosis

Presentation subject: Biology

Topic: Atherosclerosis

Existence of a plan - lesson summary: No

The presentation has been prepared for a detailed study of the common chronic disease of the arteries of the elastic and musculo-elastic type. Objectives of the presentation: To find out the main pathogenetic mechanisms of exacerbation of atherosclerosis.

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Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arteries, accompanied by the formation of single and multiple lipid, mainly cholesterol, deposits or plaques in the inner lining of the arteries.

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Atherosclerosis, or rather elevated blood cholesterol, is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases.
... it's "RUT OF LIFE"

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Causes of atherosclerosis

The causes of atherosclerosis are high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol.
But the main cause of atherosclerosis lies in the violation of cholesterol metabolism.

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Risk factors for atherosclerosis

Floor. Men are more prone to developing atherosclerosis than women. The first signs of this pathology can appear already from the age of 45 or even earlier, in women from the age of 55. Perhaps this is due to a more active participation in the exchange of estrogen cholesterol and low and very low density lipoproteins.

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Age. This is a natural risk factor. With age, atherosclerotic manifestations worsen.

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Heredity. This is one of the causes of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a multi-causal disease. Therefore, the level of hormonal levels, hereditary disorders of the plasma lipid profile, and the activity of the immune system play important roles in accelerating or slowing down the development of atherosclerosis.

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Bad habits. Smoking is a poison to the body. This habit is another reason for the development of atherosclerosis. As for alcohol, there is an interesting relationship: the use of small doses of alcohol daily is an excellent prevention of atherosclerosis. True, the same dose contributes to the development of cirrhosis of the liver. In addition, large doses of alcohol accelerate the development of atherosclerosis.

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Excess weight. This factor has a very negative effect on atherosclerosis. Excess weight can lead to diabetes mellitus, and this pathology is very malignant for the development of atherosclerosis.

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Nutrition. Our future health will depend on how useful our food is, how much it contains the chemical compounds we need. Few people know that no diet, other than therapeutic, is approved by the World Food Hygiene Council. You need to eat rationally and adequately to your needs and energy costs.

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Symptoms of atherosclerosis

often cold extremities of a bluish-white color;
frequent heart problems;
memory loss;
violation of blood supply;
poor concentration;
the patient becomes irritable and feels tired.
People with high blood pressure, as well as weak kidneys and diabetes, are most susceptible to atherosclerosis.

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Stages of development of atherosclerotic plaque

Simplified, atherosclerosis begins with layers of cholesterol on the walls of a blood vessel with the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque. This leads to narrowing (stenosis) of the vessel, reducing blood flow through it. At the next stage in the development of atherosclerosis, atherosclerotic plaques destabilize with a violation of the surface and the formation of necrotic zones. It is these zones that attract platelets to themselves - platelets, as a result of which a blood clot (thrombus) is formed.

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The formation of a thrombus in the vessel, where: 1 - normal view of the cross section of the vessel; 2 - beginning of plaque formation; 3 - circular deposition of fats in the vascular wall; 4 - complete (or partial) cessation of blood flow in the vessel caused by its thrombosis.

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Doctors consider atherosclerosis to be the most typical today: aorta, causing angina pectoris; kidneys; limbs; coronary arteries (ischemic heart disease); extracranial vessels, mainly the carotid artery, leading to cerebrovascular disease and cerebral stroke.

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How to treat atherosclerosis?

To give up smoking
Physical activity
Normalization of body weight
Support for normal blood pressure
Changing the nature of nutrition

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Step 1

We reduce the level of cholesterol and "bad" lipoproteins:
we exclude spicy, fatty, smoked, canned food and convenience foods;
boil or stew food, not fry
Consume only vegetable fats
We exclude products from flour of the highest grades

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Step 2

We increase the level of "good" lipoproteins:
More seafood
Regular exercise

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To drink or not to drink?

Better not to drink alcohol at all!
When drinking alcoholic beverages, give preference to white and red wines of weak and medium strength, but not more than 1 glass.
An alternative to alcohol is bread kvass containing from 0.5 to 2.5% alcohol.

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To maintain the body and prevent atherosclerosis, you should eat foods low in salt and cholesterol. Eat cereals, vegetables, such as: carrots, eggplant, leeks, garlic, boiled fish, yogurt, sunflower oil and any fruit. In large quantities, use berries and plants of yellowish-red flowers - for example, hawthorn, mountain ash, strawberries, viburnum, tansy, etc.

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