"New technologies in working with children with disabilities" (sand therapy). The use of sand therapy in working with children with disabilities

The idea of developing the project was caused by the increased demand of parents with children with disabilities. All these children do not attend pre-school institutions. Given the large monthly expenses of the family to maintain the health of children with developmental disabilities, parents have practically no funds left to attend paid classes in commercial centers. However, these children especially need communication with peers and correction of their psychological state. The work of the sand therapy studio is aimed at creating conditions for the rehabilitation, socialization and habilitation of children with disabilities. Currently, sand therapy is effective method psychological work with children of all health groups, which is based on the "child's play in the sand". Drawing on the sand is a powerful means of self-expression of a child, a means of cognition, features of thinking, imagination, volitional sphere. According to the famous psychologist L.S. Vygotsky, “a drawing for a child is his speech.” When children draw in the sand, they reveal their emotional experiences, anxieties, fears, feelings and other emotions. During sand therapy classes, fine motor skills, speech, figurative and logical thinking and the emotional and cognitive sphere of the child develop. It also helps prepare children for school. If corrective work with the child will not be carried out on time, then the existing deviations in health can lead to violations writing child, preventing him from fully mastering the program knowledge and skills at school. Within the framework of the project, it is planned to conduct a 3-month course of classes (2 times a week) for children with disabilities. Classes are conducted by a psychologist using a special technique of sand art therapy. In order to determine the effectiveness of classes with each child, preliminary and final diagnostics will be carried out. In addition, work will be organized with the parents of these children: individual consultations, general meetings and seminars. By communicating with each other, parents will be able to exchange experiences and support each other. The final event of the project is a photo exhibition of children's drawings in the sand. The organization has a room at its disposal, which is supposed to equip necessary equipment for sand therapy. The opening of the sand therapy studio is a new direction in working with children with disabilities living in the “walking” accessibility zone. The progress of the project will be reflected in in social networks and organization website. The result of the project will be the rehabilitation of 21 children with disabilities and the creation of conditions for the continuation of such work after the completion of the project. An accessible platform will appear in the city, where every mother who has a child with special needs can apply for free and receive qualified specialist assistance.

Goals

Creation and organization of the work of a sand therapy studio for the rehabilitation, socialization and education of children with disabilities.

Substantiation of social significance

On the present stage development of society, a real trend of deterioration in the health of children has emerged, the number of children with disabilities has increased. In the Russian Federation, less than 10% of newborns are practically healthy and belong to the 1st health group. The situation is similar in the Stupinsky district. A large number of children have health disorders of varying severity. Of these: disabled children - 284 people. The majority have not just limited developmental features, but also psychological problems and they cannot solve them on their own. Despite the presence in the city of 7 institutions of additional education for children of preschool age, work on the method of sand therapy is carried out in one budgetary institution, where there are only 3 sandbox tables. This is clearly not enough for a city where 7,980 preschool children live. It should be noted that 6513 children are brought up in kindergartens. Another problem for families with children with disabilities is the lack of free classes. It is important to note that in the city there are 1174 low-income families, 830 large families and 905 mothers raise children alone. The public organization has been operating in Stupino for over 15 years. Over the years, a wealth of experience has been accumulated in conducting classes on the comprehensive development of children and organizing cultural and leisure activities for all family members. At the disposal of the organization there is a room on the terms of a contract for gratuitous use. Over the years, a friendly team of professionals has been formed. It is in the power of a public organization to provide assistance to children with disabilities. A survey among parents of the Mothers' League Club showed the relevance of sand therapy classes for children. Drawing on the sand brings children closer to creative activity, inspires, immerses them in a fairy tale. Sand is the best environment that gives an idea of the child's inner world. An experienced specialist can easily recognize a psychological problem in these children's creations. Under the guidance of a psychologist, sand therapy is in a good way relaxing the child and relieving stress, tension, fears. Participation in the implementation of the project will help families create conditions for children with disabilities to lead a full life. The implementation of the project will improve the interaction between state and public structures to create a favorable space for families raising children with disabilities.

Conference: Modern educational processes in preschool educational institutions

Organization: MADOU " Kindergarten No. 12 "Ladushki"

Location: Novgorod region, Staraya Russa

Sand is available material , which can be found in the sandbox, on the beach, along the banks of rivers and lakes. What then is sand therapy? And what is she for? Sand therapy is an opportunity to express what is difficult to find words for, to get in touch with what is difficult to address directly, to see in oneself what usually eludes conscious perception. K. D. Ushinsky wrote: “The best toy for children is a pile of sand!” the first contacts of children with each other take place in the sandbox: a house is built on the sand, a tree is planted, a family is created. Playing in the sand is a natural and accessible activity for every child, one of the forms of interaction and transformation of the world. What happens to a child when he plays in the sand? A child with special developmental needs often cannot express his feelings, fears, emotions in words, and here sand games come to his aid. Playing the situations that excited him, creating a picture of his own world from the sand, the child is freed from tension. And most importantly, he gains invaluable experience in the symbolic resolution of many life situations, because in a real fairy tale everything ends well! Preschoolers are happy to play in the sand, because such games are saturated with different emotions: delight, surprise, excitement, joy. This makes it possible to use sand games for the development and enrichment of the emotional experience of the child, for the prevention and correction of his mental states. Sand has the ability to let water through. In this regard, experts say that it absorbs negative mental energy, interaction with it clears the energy of a person, stabilizes the emotional state. Sand often acts like a magnet on children. Their hands themselves, unconsciously, begin to pour and sift sand, dig holes, build tunnels, mountains, roads, cities. And if you add various toys to this, then the child has his own world, where he invents and fantasizes, and, at the same time, learns to work and achieve goals. Creating sand buildings does not require special skills. Doing something is not so impossible! So, there is no place for disappointments, mistakes and self-doubt. In the classroom, children are relaxed, cheerful and inspired: they create their own world, and it is infinitely pleasant to do this. Also, in working with sand, the children develop creativity and imagination. They get pleasure from this process, which contributes to the emergence of positive emotions and the development of communication skills. Tactile sensitivity, fine motor skills, and speech develop powerfully in the sandbox. The “Sand Reading” is entertaining, that is, games aimed at developing phonemic hearing, correcting sound pronunciation, teaching reading and writing. Sand will be of help if the child learns to read and write, masters reading and writing, or he needs help to learn how to pronounce sounds correctly. All this happens in the form of a fairy tale, easily and unobtrusively, in a game, therefore the results are much more tangible than when adults try to tediously preach something. The most modern and exciting is sand painting on special tables or sand animation. The tablet has a colored backlight, which is controlled by a small remote control. With it, you can choose one of 16 colors. You can also increase or decrease the brightness. Use 5 different functions, 7 colors flashing, 3 colors, 7 or 3 colors fade and static colors. Drawing on glass occurs with the help of fingers and palms. What is the positive side of these activities?

The child develops an interest in the researcher. After all, the occupation, as a rule, is surrounded by mystery. And they don’t give paints at all, but sand, which pours and at first is completely untameable. And the sand may not be ordinary, but tinted. Or the backlight changes color and you can choose any that currently matches the mood. 3. The child fantasizes with sand more boldly than on paper with pencils or paints. Here you can draw, correct and draw again, without fear of making any mistake, without disappointment “oh, it didn’t work out again!”. Sand painting promotes development fine motor skills. Experts note that this technique is even more effective than finger gymnastics. Why? Because tasks with sand strain both the brain and muscles more. For comparison, you should just try to pour the sand in a uniform stream or draw two identical suns at once with both hands to the left and right of the imaginary center line. In my practice I use different forms sand work, all kinds of equipment and a variety of sand. In order to go on an exciting fairy-tale journey through the Land of sand games with your children, you need: - a mini-sandbox. It's waterproof wooden box certain sizes. Its inner surface, bottom and sides are painted blue. The bottom symbolizes water and sea, while the sides symbolize air and sky and pure sifted sand, as well as a collection of miniature figurines for playing out tasks in the sandbox. In such a sandbox, the guys build cities, draw pictures, conduct experiments, look for hidden treasures and treasures, guess whose traces. The sandbox can be used as the basis for a puppet table theater. This is a very convenient way to stage a fairy tale, because sand allows you to convey different landscapes. The most exciting are travel games, where children use different paraphernalia, pebbles, shells of different colors and sizes, figures of animals, people, vehicles, plants. I conduct classes to correct anxiety and insecurity, expand emotional experience, the ability to work in a team, and develop empathy. In the sandbox we met different types sand, career, river and kinetic. Kinetic sand, "comes to life" in the hands. It miraculously combines the properties of dry and wet sand. It easily takes shape, holds it and is just as easy to cut, crumble, flowing between the fingers. Interacting with kinetic sand, children experience a lot of tactile sensations. From colored kinetic sand, the guys build different collages, for example, “Sea World”, “Spring”, “Confectionery”, “Flowers”, etc. The next stage of work is sand application. The child applies PVA glue to the contour image, then falls asleep on top with sand of the same color. The procedure is repeated several times. For each area of the image, a different color of sand is used, which ultimately allows you to create a multi-colored and colorful drawing. Children's drawings on the theme "Space", created using this technology, took first place in all-Russian and international competitions.

sand painting- a new and at the same time simple type of visual activity of preschoolers, accessible to almost everyone and not requiring special training. And for me, this is another way to understand the feelings of the child. Sand - the same paint, only works on the principle of "light and shadow", perfectly conveys human feelings, thoughts and aspirations. This is one of the ways to depict the surrounding world. As the technique of drawing with sand is mastered, the inner world of the child is enriched and developed. This type Creativity as a means of correcting the psyche allows the little artist to overcome the feeling of fear, moving away from the subject representation and depiction with traditional materials, to express feelings and emotions in the drawing, gives freedom, instills confidence in his abilities. Having mastered the technique of sand painting, the child gets the opportunity to choose, which, in turn, ensures the creative nature of children's productive activities.

Our work complemented and adorned the activities of children on various topics. If they talked about autumn, they drew “A Tale of a Tree”, about winter - snowflakes, remembered summer - they made a “Rainbow in a Bottle” and sculpted flowers from colored sand, talked about space - made applications “Space travel” and much more interesting and cognitive.

The timid and shy guys became more active and confident, while the agile and energetic guys sat in the sandbox for a long time, building, destroying, building again, supplementing the work with new details, characters, and attributes. They returned to their buildings again and again, creating and playing new stories.

Play with the kids in the sand! It's simple, interesting, exciting and useful!

The therapeutic effect of playing with sand was first noticed by the Swiss psychologist and philosopher Carl Gustav Jung. It would seem that everything is very simple - a child builds something out of sand, destroys the creations he created without regret, and builds again ... But it is this simple action that keeps a unique secret - there is nothing that would be irreparably destroyed - always to replace the old new comes. By repeatedly living this secret, the baby reaches a state of balance, anxiety and fear go away. Another important psychotherapeutic property of sand is the ability to change the plot, events, relationships. Since the game takes place in the context of a fairy-tale world, a child with special educational needs is given the opportunity to change the situation that is uncomfortable for him. He learns to overcome difficulties on his own.

Playing with sand is a natural and accessible form of activity for a child with disabilities. A child often cannot express his feelings, fears in words, and here sand games come to his aid. Playing the situations that excited him with the help of toy figures, creating a picture of his own world from sand, the child is freed from tension. And most importantly, he gains invaluable experience in the symbolic resolution of many life situations, because in a real fairy tale everything ends well.

The observations of psychologists show that it is the first joint games of children in the sandbox that can clearly show parents the features of the behavior and development of their children. Parents see that the child becomes overly aggressive or timid in dealing with peers - this may be an occasion to think about the education system.

The child's play is a symbolic language for self-expression. By manipulating toys, a child can show more adequately than express in words how he relates to himself, to significant adults, to events in his life, to people around him.

Children's play can be more fully appreciated if it is recognized that it is for them a means of communication. Children express themselves more fully and more directly in spontaneous, self-initiated play than in words, because they feel more comfortable in play. For children, "acting out" their experiences and feelings is the most natural dynamic and healing activity they can engage in.

Playing in the sand provides a means for resolving conflicts and conveying feelings. Toys equip the child with suitable means, since they are the environment in which the child's self-expression can take place. In free play, he can express what he wants to do. When he plays freely, and not on someone else's orders, he performs a number of independent actions.

Feelings and attitudes that the child may be afraid to express openly can, without fear of anything, be projected onto a toy chosen at one's own discretion. Instead of expressing feelings and thoughts in words, a child can bury this or that toy in the sand, hit, drown, etc. A child's feelings are often impossible to express verbally (in words).

Sand games are necessary for children with disabilities, they:

develop tactile-kinetic sensitivity and fine motor skills of hands;

Relieve muscle tension

help the child feel protected, in a comfortable environment for him;

develop activity, expand the life experience transmitted by the teacher in a form close to the child (the principle of information availability);

stabilize emotional states by absorbing negative energy;

allow the child to correlate games with real life, comprehend what is happening, find ways to solve a problem situation;

· overcome the “bad artist” complex by creating artistic compositions from sand with the help of ready-made figures;

improve visual-spatial orientation, speech capabilities;

help to expand the vocabulary;

allow the development of phonemic hearing and perception;

contribute to the development of coherent speech, lexical and grammatical representations;

Organization of sand therapy:

cabinet, sand box (50x70), the bottom of which is painted blue; sand, miniature toys, various categories (various houses, people, fairy-tale characters, animals, beads, pebbles, coins, etc.).

Sand play equipment

1. Waterproof wooden box or plastic basin, the bottom and sides of which must be light blue / blue (the bottom symbolizes water, and the sides represent the sky). The height of the sides is at least 10 cm. The size of a large sandbox for subgroup activities is 90x70 cm, the sand in it can be divided into two parts: dry and wet. For individual lessons, you can use several plastic rectangular basins. It is desirable that the sandboxes have removable lids.

2. Sand must be yellow or light brown, certified, grains of sand must be medium in size. 1/3 of the box is filled with sand. It should not be too large or too small. Before use, the sand must be sifted, washed and disinfected - it must be calcined in the oven or quartz. It is necessary to quartz sand at least once a week with the obligatory indication of the last date of quartzization on the tag (on the outer wall of the sandbox). Wet sand at the end of the lesson must be dried, the surface of dry sand should be leveled and sprinkled with water.

3. A set of play equipment (stored in plastic containers with holes):

Spatulas, wide brushes, sieves, funnels;

A variety of plastic molds of different sizes - geometric; depicting animals, transport, people; dough molds;

Miniature toys (5-10 cm high) depicting people of different sex and age; various animals and plants; transport, etc. (toys from "kinder surprises" for classes in junior groups do not use);

A set of toy dishes and toy beds (for the Sandy Kindergarten and Family games);

Various buildings and structures;

Waste equipment: pebbles, shells, twigs, sticks, large buttons, disposable straws for a cocktail.

Sand play rules for toddlers

1. Take care of the grains of sand - do not throw them out of the sandbox. If by chance the sand spills out, show it to an adult and he will help them get back into the sandbox. Do not throw sand out of the sandbox.

2. Sand grains really don't like being taken in the mouth or thrown at other children. You can not take sand in your mouth and throw it at other people.

3. Children should always have clean hands and noses. Played with sand - wash your hands and show your clean hands to the mirror.

4. Our toys love to be put in their place. After the game, you need to put all the toys in their places.

Conditions for working with children

1. Consent and desire of the child.

2. Special training of the educator, his creative approach to conducting classes.

3. Children should not be allergic to dust from dry sand, skin diseases and cuts on their hands.

Additional conditions for organizing wet sand games

1. Children should not have cuts on their hands, skin diseases.

2. Children must have oilcloth aprons for work.

3. The water that moistens the sand should be warm. With each lesson, the temperature of the water can be gradually reduced (thus, there is an additional hardening of children).

4. There should be a source near the sandbox pure water and napkins.

Here are some of the methods of work that we use in our kindergarten:

Playful, I use it most often, since this method does not require many individual lessons and in the process helps to quickly solve the child's minor psychological problems. He is offered the role of a leader, a wizard who creates his own magical land, his own fairy tale. The teacher actively plays with the child, offers various problem situations. The child independently or together with the teacher finds ways out of them. Immediately before the game, the child needs to be introduced to the sand. To do this, the teacher is shown possible methods work with sand: it can be crushed, it can be built from it, you can make various traces, manipulate toys in the sand. Then the child is offered topics that are consonant with his problem: "My group", "My birthday", "My family", My trip to the zoo » etc. Or a fairy tale is played out, which the teacher begins and the child continues, including his imagination.

In some cases, playing with sand is the leading method of correction if the child has serious behavioral or emotional disorders. The child in the process of sand play expresses his deepest emotional experiences, is freed from fears, anxiety, and the experience does not turn into mental trauma.

Technique « My family is in the sand » , I like it because it is much more informative than a drawing « my family". On the sand, the child opens up more, he begins to play, interact with his figures. By the way he arranges them, deploys them, buries them or hides them in houses, one can judge the family situation. The teacher pays attention to the sequence, who follows whom, whether the plot corresponds to a given topic, how family members are grouped, the degree of proximity and distance from each other, which figures are used for each family member, what boundaries exist in the family. Erased, clear, transparent. The figurine is buried or can be filled with water, with which member of the family it begins and ends with.

The teacher records everything in the protocol, and at the end of the game, takes a picture of the sandbox, using the results of this diagnosis in his further corrective work.

We also use sand therapy in subgroup correctional and developmental classes.

In correctional classes, both dry sand and wet sand are used. Classes can be held individually, in pairs, in subgroups, depending on the purpose of the lesson. Can be used "magic" figures: a sand man - the lord of sand, a sand fairy, various witches, as well as rituals of entering a fairy tale through "magic" a ball donated by a fairy fairy or "magic » a tunnel that helps you get into a fabulous sand country. When working with children with disabilities who have disorders of the musculoskeletal system, sand is more used for the development of fine motor skills of the hands. Wet sand is suitable for this: it gets worse from the sandbox, it is much more convenient to play with it, build something, make tracks. Wet sand is recommended for children with increased physical and emotional tone - hyperactive, aggressive. When a child crushes sand, he relieves physical and emotional stress. Such children can be offered to make buildings out of sand, various little pieces, destroy them and further stimulate children to build more beautiful forms.

Thus, group classes help children develop the skills of conflict-free communication in a team and a tolerant attitude towards "special" children, facilitate communication with closed, shy. The use of sand therapy methods in correcting the emotional sphere of children with disabilities makes it possible to more effectively solve the following problems: difficulties in communication, in relationships between children and parents, psychological trauma, mood disorders, crisis situations, fears, anxiety, behavioral problems and even health problems. Individual sessions using the methods of sand therapy, they help children: provide an effective emotional response, give it socially acceptable forms; to realize the child's feelings, experiences, emotional states, increase self-confidence through social recognition of the value of the product created by him.

Individual correctional lesson with children with disabilities.

Purpose: the development of tactile-kinesthetic sensitivity, fine motor skills of hands, imagination, speech.

· The exercise « Our handprints- moderately wet sand is used.

On a flat sand surface, the child and the teacher take turns making handprints: the inside and the outside. At the same time, it is important to hold your hand a little, slightly pressing it into the sand, and listen to your feelings. The teacher starts the game by talking about his feelings: "I'm pleased. I feel the coolness (or warmth) of the sand. When I move my hands, small grains of sand slide across my palms. What do you feel? The child tries to talk about his feelings.

Then, the teacher turns her hands over, palms up, saying: “I turned my hands over and my sensations changed. Now I feel the roughness of the sand in a different way, in my opinion, it has become a little colder. What do you feel? It's not very comfortable for me to hold my hands, and you? If the child has similar feelings, further actions can be discussed. Maybe move your hands?

slide your palms on the surface of the sand, performing zigzag and circular movements (like a car, snake, sled)

perform the same movements, placing the palm on the edge

create all sorts of bizarre patterns on the surface of the sand with prints of palms, fists, knuckles of the hands and try to find the similarity of the resulting patterns with any objects of the surrounding world (chamomile, sun, blade of grass, tree, hedgehog)

- « take a walk » on the surface of the sand alternately with each finger of the right and left hands.

· The exercise "Dig up the treasure". This version of the exercise is offered to the child in the form of a fairy tale: “A beautiful fairy lived in one fairy-tale country. She lived in a magical forest with fabulous inhabitants. But she also really liked the sandy country next door. She loved to fly over this sandy country and admire the dunes, the sandy seas. Once, when she was flying over a sandy country, a sandstorm arose, so strong that the Fairy lost all her multi-colored magic stones (yellow - like sand, green - like grass in her country, blue - like seas and rivers). The fairy was very upset, because without these pebbles, her country would perish. Let's help them find them and arrange them by color.

The child finds multi-colored pebbles and arranges them by color.

Then they are given to the Fairy.

· The exercise « Different moods».

You can continue the theme of the fairy tale: “When the fairy Fairy lost her magic stones, how do you think the Fairy felt, what mood did she have? Try to draw on our sand sheet. (Pay attention to the expression of the eyes, mouth, eyebrows of different emotions). And when did you find (found) fairy stones, what did she feel, and you? Let's try to draw.

In the next lessons, the topic of the Fairy can be developed, build her fairy-tale country, come up with adventures for the Fairy with the child and lose them.

Exercise Games

All the exercises described below can be used both for individual correctional work and for developing with a subgroup of children. During the mandatory exercises, you can do five minutes of free play-rest in the sand.

Games on the surface of dry sand

Hello sand!

Purpose: reduction of psychophysical stress.

Equipment: Sandbox.

Game progress:

The teacher asks in different ways to “say hello to the sand”, that is different ways touch the sand.

Touches the sand alternately with the fingers of one, then the second hand, then with all fingers at the same time;

Easily / with tension compresses fists with sand, then slowly pours it into the sandbox;

Touches the sand with the whole palm - the inside, then the back;

Grinds sand between fingers, palms.

In the latter case, you can hide a small flat toy in the sand: “One of the inhabitants of the sand wanted to say hello to you - ...”

Older children describe and compare their feelings: “warm-cold”, “pleasant-unpleasant”, “prickly, rough”, etc.

"Sand Rain"

Purpose: regulation of muscle tension, relaxation.

Equipment: Sandbox.

Game progress:

Teacher: in a fairy-tale land, an unusual sandy rain can fall and a sandy wind can blow. It is very nice. You yourself can arrange such rain and wind. See how it goes. The child slowly and then quickly pours sand from his fist into the sandbox, onto the palm of an adult, onto his own palm. The child closes his eyes and puts his palm with spread fingers on the sand, the adult pours sand on any finger, and the child names this finger. Then they switch roles.

« Sand wind»

Purpose: to teach children to control inhalation-exhalation.

Equipment: Sandbox, straws for a cocktail.

Game progress:

Toddlers learn to breathe through a tube without dragging sand into it. Older children can be offered to first say a pleasant wish to their friends, give a wish to the sand country, “blowing it into the sand”, you can also blow out depressions, pits on the surface of the sand. For these games, you can use disposable straws for a cocktail.

« Unusual footprints"

Purpose: development of tactile sensitivity, imagination.

Equipment: Sandbox.

Game progress: “The cubs are coming” - the child presses the sand with fists and palms with force. “Jumping hares” - with the tips of the fingers, the child hits the surface of the sand, moving in different directions. “Snakes are crawling” - the child makes the surface of the sand wavy (in different directions) with relaxed / tense fingers.

Creating his own magical unique world on the sand, the child conveys to us all his fantasies and experiences.

The child perceives the world directly through play, movement, sensations and images. Sand technique allows you to combine all this in one process: while playing with sand, the child uses fine motor skills, perception, imagination, the child actively uses role-playing, fantasizes, and develops speech skills. To ensure the harmonization of the psycho-emotional state of the child as a whole, in our kindergarten we use sand technique in our work. It has a positive effect on the development of the child as a whole. It is often difficult for children to express their emotions and feelings correctly, and playing in the sand, a child can, without noticing it, talk about the problems that concern him and relieve psycho-emotional stress. In the classroom, in addition to the classic sandbox, we use kinetic sand. The advantage of the sand technique is that a child can build a whole world in a simple and interesting way, while feeling himself the creator of this world. The images, game ideas of the child, the words that he uses in playing with sand reflect the picture of the world in which he lives. Children play the situations that concern them and thereby resolve many issues and conflicts. The value of sand technique lies in the fact that the solution of the problem occurs precisely within the framework of the individual understanding of the world of each particular child, in accordance with his age, character and other characteristics. Various emotions are reflected on the sand in a playful way - resentment, admiration, fears, joy, anger, anxiety, tension. Solving problems on the sand in the game, the child really resolves his internal conflicts.

Martynova Anna Mikhailovna Teacher-psychologist of the 1st qualification category Structural unit "Kindergarten No. 56" GBOU secondary school №4, o. Syzran Samara region

Playing in the sand is one of the natural activities of a child. Therefore, we, adults, can use the sandbox for developmental and educational, correctional purposes. By building sand figures using symbols, inventing various stories, we are in the most organic way for a child with disabilities (HIA) form, we pass on to him our knowledge and life experience, events and laws of the surrounding world.

The therapeutic effect of playing with sand was first noticed by the Swiss psychologist and philosopher Carl Gustav Jung. The most important psychotherapeutic property of sand is the ability to change the plot, events, relationships. Since the game takes place in the context of a fairy-tale world, the child is given the opportunity to change the situation that is uncomfortable for him. He learns to overcome difficulties on his own. Playing with sand is a natural and accessible form of activity for every child. A child often cannot express his feelings, fears in words, and here sand games come to his aid. Playing the situations that excited him with the help of toy figures, creating a picture of his own world from sand, the child is freed from tension. And most importantly, he gains invaluable experience in the symbolic resolution of many life situations, because in a real fairy tale everything ends well.

The process of playing sand therapy helps you move from feeling dependent on the current situation to becoming the creator of the situation. In addition, sand absorbs negative energy. The sand therapy method can be used with children from the age of 3 years. Correction of the emotional sphere through this method allows solving a number of problems that arise in children with disabilities.

In particular, sand therapy allows you to work with aggressive, insecure, shy children; with children experiencing problems of shame, guilt, lies, difficulty accepting their feelings. In addition, sand therapy combines a lot of exercises aimed at general relaxation, removal of motor stereotypes and convulsive movements. In the process of sand play, the child has the opportunity to express his deepest emotional experiences, he is freed from fears, and the experience does not develop into a mental trauma. The tasks of sand therapy are consistent with the child's inner desire for self-actualization.

In their system, these exercises are of tremendous importance for the development of the child's psyche. First, they stabilize the emotional state of children. Secondly, along with the development of tactile-kinesthetic sensitivity and fine motor skills of the hands, they teach the child to listen to themselves and pronounce their feelings, help the child feel protected, in a comfortable environment for him.

This is how the foundation is laid for the further formation of positive communication skills, subject-play activities are improved, which contributes to the development of role-playing games and communication skills of a child with disabilities. It is important that projective games on the sand open up the potential of a child with disabilities, developing his creativity and imagination.

T.D. Zinkevich-Evstigneeva offers different kinds sand games:

Cognitive games: games to get to know the outside world, geographical games; fantastic and historical, game-tours of the city.

Projective games: projective games can be carried out individually and in a group, with their help psychological diagnostics, correction and development of the child are carried out. The child chooses toys and builds his own world, his own fairy tale.

Sand games in a group are mainly for the development of communication skills: the ability to harmoniously and effectively communicate with each other, interact. The group can consist of 2, 3 people, or more, depending on the size of the sandbox.

Before you start playing with sand, you need to talk to the children about the rules of playing in the sandbox. This will help the poem by T.M. Grabenko:

There are no harmful children in the country -
After all, they have no place in the sand!
Here you can not bite, fight
And throw sand in your eyes!

Do not destroy foreign countries!
Sand is a peaceful country.
You can build and wonder
You can do a lot:

Mountains, rivers and seas,
To have life around.
Children, understand me?
Or should it be repeated?

To remember and be friends!

Getting Started with Sand. Place your palms on the sand and tell your child how you feel: "I'm pleased. I feel warm (coolness) sand. When I move my hands, I feel small grains of sand. What do you feel? Let the child try to talk about how he feels. Make prints of palms, cams, edges of the palms, creating patterns (sun, flower, etc.); "walk" on the sand with each finger in turn.

Examples of some exercises

1. "Sensitive Hands" (according to T.D. Zinkevich-Evstigneeva)

Put your hands on the sand, close your eyes, feel what it is.
Open your eyes, tell me how you felt (children's answers).
Do the same with your palms turned to the other side. Tell me about your feelings.

2. Slide on the surface of the sand like a snake or like a car.

3. Walk your palms like an elephant, like a little baby elephant, like a fast bunny.

4. Leave prints of palms, cams, edges of the palms.

5. Create patterns and drawings - a sun, a butterfly, the letter A or a whole word.

6. "Walk" with each finger of the right and left hand alternately.

7. Sift the sand through your fingers or with a pinch, sow a path from sand with a contrasting texture.

8. Arrange stones and natural materials of different structure and size on the sand in a special logical order.

9. Guide the figurine along the labyrinth sand paths.

11. Lay out a geometric figure with chips.

12. Sift sand through a sieve, draw a pattern with a brush or stick, sift sand through a funnel system, etc.

13. Can "to play" on the surface of the sand, like on a piano or computer keyboard.

14. The sandbox can be used to find animals, objects, a certain letter made of plastic and buried among others in the sand (game variation "Magic bag" ) .

15. Sculpt letters from sand, raking it with the edges of the palms.

16. Turn letters "L" in "BUT" , "H" in "T" , "ABOUT" in "I" etc.

17. Find the letters hidden in the sand and make syllables out of them, a word.

You can write words in the sand in printed and written letters, first with your finger, then with a stick, holding it like a pen. Sand allows you to keep the child working longer. It is easier to fix mistakes on sand than on paper. This allows the child to feel successful.

18. Game "My city" . The speech therapist gives the task to choose figures whose names contain a given sound, and build a city using these figures. Then you can make an oral story about this city and its inhabitants.

19. "Whose footprint is this?" . On wet sand, traces of the palm or foot from shoes or wheels of a toy car easily remain. Let the child try to guess where whose fingerprint is?

20. Sand application. Apply glue to the cardboard pattern and sprinkle with sand. Shake off the excess, and you get a wonderful picture. Sand can be painted with paints and dried.

21. "Archeology" . Bury the toy (the child does not know which one). During the excavation, the child must guess from the opening parts what is hidden. Bury 2-3 items. Let him unearth one of them and try to determine by touch what it is.

22. "Sand Paths" . Show your child how to take a handful of dry sand and slowly pour it out, creating various shapes, such as paths. (to the house of a bunny or a bear cub).

23. You can dig in and dig out letters, numbers, geometric figures- so it will be easier for the child to remember them.

24. Game "Name the Sound" (according to N.V. Durova). The psychologist invites children to dig small holes in the sand for the ball. Then he pushes the ball into the child's hole and calls the word, intonation highlighting the consonant sound. The child names the highlighted sound and rolls the ball back into the teacher's hole. Then the task is given to another child, and so on. Words: s-s-som, su-m-m-mka, for-r-r-rya, ku-s-s-juice, stu-l-l-l, ru-ch-ch-chka, red- n-n-n, ball-f-f-f, roof-sh-sh-shka, d-d-house.

25. Game "Find a Friend" (according to N.V. Durova). The psychologist takes pictures out of the box (butterfly, cow, frog, rooster, bear) and distribute them to the children.

Make houses for these animals, soon their brothers will come to visit them. (Children do.) Then the teacher takes out the following pictures from the box. (squirrel, whale, peacock, horse, mouse).

How can we find out where, whose brother? To do this, let's pronounce the names of animals and highlight the first sound in these words. - whale - [to"]- he will go to visit the cow, the first sound in this word [to]; [to] And [to"]- brothers.

Children take turns calling those who are shown in the pictures, highlight the first sound and select a pair. Conclusion: How do these pairs of sounds differ? (hard - soft).

26. Exercise "Sand Rain" (according to N. Kuzub) The teacher slowly and then quickly pours sand from his fist into the sandbox, then into his palm. Children repeat. Then the children close their eyes in turn, put their palm on the sand with their fingers apart, adults pour sand on any finger, and the child names this finger.

27. Game "Who was that?" (according to R.G. Golubeva). The psychologist takes out toys from the box: a cow, a tiger, a bee, a snake, a hedgehog. Each of them is assigned a certain sound: a cow - mooing "MMM" , tiger - growls "rrrr" , the bee is buzzing "zh-zh-zh" , snake - hisses "sh-sh-sh" , hedgehog - snorts "fff" . The teacher pronounces a sound for a long time and invites the children to determine who it was. The one who correctly names the animal receives this toy.

28. Game "Echo" . The teacher pronounces the syllables, and the children repeat them in turn, while for each correctly performed repetition, the child is invited to take any toy for the subsequent game in the sand

Ta-ka-pa - pa-ka-ta - ha-ba-da - po-bo-po - poo-boo-poo.

With the selected toys, children play sand hide and seek: one child closes his eyes, and the rest hide his toys in the sand.

29. Exercise "Extraordinary Footprints" .

"Bears are coming" - the child presses the sand with fists and palms with force.

"Jumping Hares" - with the fingertips, the child hits the surface of the sand, moving in different directions.

"The snakes are crawling" - the child makes the surface of the sand wavy with relaxed / tense fingers (in different directions).

"Spider bugs run" - the child moves all fingers, imitating the movement of insects (you can completely immerse your hands in the sand, meeting under the sand with your hands with each other - "bugs say hello" ) .

You can also finish playing with sand with verses:

Look at our palms -
They have become wiser!
Thank you, our dear sand,
You grow up for all of us (get smarter) helped!

The use of sand therapy gives positive results:

children have a significant increase in interest in classes;
children with disabilities feel more successful;
there is no place for monotony and boredom in the classroom;
the child expands the range of subject-play actions;
in the classroom, the level of social and domestic orientation of children with disabilities increases.

In classic sand therapy, "cycle" transfers in nature. First, the inner reality is transferred to the sand. Then the experience is transferred to the inner world, to the unconscious layer. Then, in the form of some models, it is transferred to real life. IN individual work The pedagogue-psychologist never brings anything into the sandbox, changes nothing. When in the process of analysis it is necessary, with the permission of the child, you can take an object, look at it, but not change it. "Creates" sandbox and "takes apart" her own child. During work Special attention pay attention to which figure he chose first - identification with himself, with his "I" .

General conditions for organizing sand therapy

A large box is used as a sandbox. Its traditional size in centimeters is 50 x 70 x 8 cm. It is believed that this size of the sandbox corresponds to the volume of the field visual perception.

Color. The traditional sandbox combines the natural color of wood, blue and yellow. Thus, the bottom symbolizes water, and the sides - the sky, the sun.

To organize sand games, a large set of miniature objects and toys is needed, which together symbolize the world. In classical sand therapy, there is the following classification of objects used in the process of creating sand paintings:

people diverse in gender, age, cultural and national identity, professions, era (from primitive to modern,) poses should be both dynamic and static;
land animals (domestic, wild, prehistoric);
flying animals (wild, domestic, prehistoric);
inhabitants of the water world (various fish, mammals, molluscs, crabs);
houses with furniture (houses, palaces, castles, other buildings, furniture from different eras, cultures and purposes);
housewares (dishes, household items, table decorations);
trees and other plants (flowers, grass, shrubs, greenery, etc.);
sky objects (sun, moon, stars, rainbow, clouds);
vehicles (land, water, air transport for civil and military purposes, fantastic vehicles);
human habitat objects (fences, fences, bridges, gates, road signs);
objects of the landscape and natural activity of the Earth (volcanoes, mountains);
accessories (beads, masks, fabrics, buttons, buckles, jewelry, etc.);
natural natural objects (crystals, stones, shells, pieces of wood, metal, seeds, feathers, glass polished with water, etc.);
fantastic objects and cartoon characters, fantasy, werewolf figurines;

The forms and options of sand therapy are determined by the characteristics of a particular child with disabilities, specific tasks and its duration. Sand therapy can be used for the following purposes: for the purpose of diagnosis, for the purpose of providing primary psychological assistance; in the process of short-term psychotherapy; in the course of long-term psychotherapeutic influence. So, sand therapy has established itself as one of the most effective non-traditional methods in correctional and developmental work with children with disabilities.