Cast granite. Tombstones made of cast stone: characteristics. back pollination method

Original taken from sibved in Casting stone blocks

There are supporters and there are opponents of the version of casting stone blocks. Many facts cannot be explained by mechanical processing of rocks, blanks, except for the formation of a liquid or pasty mass, including solid types of stone, crystalline, like granite, basalt. Add fuel to the fire or shift the weight towards the cast technology version.
Previous articles on this topic:
EXAMPLES OF "CONCRETE" PRODUCTS WITH TRACES OF FORMWORK
SUCCAYUAMAN. RECEIVING "PLASTILINE". SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

Granite casting. Here are examples from Egypt:

The conjugation of the blocks along the vertical is curvilinear. This cannot be achieved by machining. And what are those strange recesses of material on the blocks? More like traces of poorly installed formwork. In principle, accuracy was not needed here.

Basalt. Influxes on the faces of the block. It looks like they've been torn down.

Row of basalt cubes with influxes

What is the point of processing basalt in such a way and leaving such a “visor”?

It seems that the plastic mass was held by flat shields with props. But their area was less than the area of the resulting block

Pairing Blocks Vertically

Horizontally and vertically curvilinear mate

Like dough escaping from a pan.

Here, something was pressed down on top

Granite cladding of the Pyramid of Menkaure

How can you mechanically fit granite blocks of this size?

The edges of the masonry are not completely flattened over the entire area

Here the granite flakes off

I believe that the outer lining (preserved) of the pyramid at Giza is block-filled

Facing of the Pyramid of Giza

Concrete granite and basalt floor in Giza

How did these stones get into the granite mass? What will the skeptics say?

Another option is that basalt blocks were laid on a plastic base mass

There are doubts that this is not a block-filled mass? Or skeptics will rest against the fact that such a lower curved surface can be ground to the unevenness of the base?

What kind of grasshoppers are building something?

Although, there are many questions about the basalt floor, and most likely it is made through the mechanical processing of blocks. More about this

But let's continue the topic:

Comparison of rocks under a microscope
***

But how to explain all this from the point of view of casting? In light of many factors that are visible in the photographs, some adhere to the opinion of granite casting. But granite is not concrete, there is no binder and filler. There is one filler (crystals of minerals), which are arranged like puzzles - fitted to each other without voids. Those. it is a polycrystalline. If we take into account that there was a technology that made it possible to knead a granite-like mortar with a filler and a binder, which also turned into a crystalline structure for a short time, then this opens up huge scope for using this technology. But how to crystallize the binder? In nature, this occurs under pressure and at high temperature.

For those who misunderstood. The binder in concrete is cement. After reaction with water, it polymerizes into a single monolith. But depending on the chemical formula in it, it has different strength and abrasion resistance. To save cement and to make concrete more resistant to abrasion, a filler (sand, ASG, granite chips, etc.) is added to the cement.

And granite is a rock where each crystalline grain of sand is connected to another in a single puzzle. No voids. Quartz in granite has greater strength than cement and fills the rock as a binder in concrete. But quartz is a crystal, not a cement bond polymer.
Those. in order to say with confidence that there was liquid (or plastic) granite, it is necessary to solve the issue of crystallization, petrification. Or softening granite. And it's not at all clear.

But traces, applicants for casting technology can be viewed further:

Now columns can only be made from segments. Plant PetroMramor

Turkey. Peace. Columns. At the base of the granite columns there is a hole with rust from a metal part.

Baalbek. Inside - concrete (crushed stone on the mortar)

Cyprus. Inside the stones in the solution

Joint between sandstone blocks. How could they make grains of sand?

Kazan Cathedral. Venetian stucco under granite

A separate topic is poking in blocks, and even more so in granite and other rocks:

After what I saw in the photographs, I no longer have any doubts that many granite massifs in ancient buildings (in particular, throughout Egypt) are casting or molding of masses (mixed or softened). Yes, fantastic. But I see no other logic in this.
***

Thanks to readers who in the comments showed a well-forgotten technology that they tried to introduce on an industrial scale in the USSR:

Silicalcite is made from 90% sand of almost any natural quality and 10% lime. The main method of cardinally increasing the physical and mechanical properties of autoclave-hardened silicalite products is undoubtedly the fine grinding of lime and sand by the method of free high-loaded impact using a special grinder - disintegrator:

HORS series disintegrator

Disintegrator basket with chopping fingers.

Using this technology, in the early 1950s, a pilot plant began operating in the city of Tallinn, producing over 35,000 cubic meters. the most diverse range of products, ranging from cellular wall blocks, load-bearing floor panels to tiles and sewer pipes. As a result, from lime and simple sand, this factory began to produce products with the M3000 brand in mass production, and up to M5000 in pilot production. (And this is half a century ago! Today, M600 grade concrete is considered almost the pinnacle of applied concrete science).

Silicalcite in all construction and technical indicators is of better quality than concrete. In silicalite, sand and lime particles are combined in much the same way as soda and sand particles in glass. It is impossible to separate them from one another by conventional research methods. In concrete, grains of sand and gravel practically do not take part in the formation of the internal structure. artificial stone, they are simply glued together with cement.

Does this texture of granite remind you? There, too, particles of feldspar with quartz particles are firmly bonded like a polycrystal.

Details about silicalcite can be read

There were such thoughts as they made masses of artificial stone, and even granite:

They took a mixture of sand and lime crushed into powder (nanopowder) and rammed it with granite chips or the same sand. Next - heated in ovens. There is an opinion on silicalcite that it is not even necessary to heat it, it will gain the necessary strength over the years, extracting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and becoming more and more stone. Maybe it was this technology that was used to build buildings in Egypt, St. Petersburg?

Granite casting.Here are examples from Egypt:

Basalt. Influxes on the faces of the block. It looks like they've been torn down.

Row of basalt cubes with influxes

What is the point of processing basalt in such a way and leaving such a “visor”?

It seems that the plastic mass was held by flat shields with props. But their area was less than the area of the resulting block

Pairing Blocks Vertically

Horizontally and vertically curvilinear mate

Like dough escaping from a pan.

Here, something was pressed down on top

Granite cladding of the Pyramid of Menkaure

How can you mechanically fit granite blocks of this size?

The edges of the masonry are not completely flattened over the entire area

Here the granite flakes off

I believe that the outer lining (preserved) of the pyramid at Giza is block-filled

Facing of the Pyramid of Giza

Concrete granite and basalt floor in Giza

How did these stones get into the granite mass? What will the skeptics say?

Another option is that basalt blocks were laid on a plastic base mass

There are doubts that this is not a block-filled mass? Or skeptics will rest against the fact that such a lower curved surface can be ground to the unevenness of the base?

What kind of grasshoppers are building something?

Although, there are many questions about the basalt floor, and most likely it is made through the mechanical processing of blocks. More about this

But let's continue the topic:

Comparison of rocks under a microscope
***

For those who misunderstood. The binder in concrete is cement. After reaction with water, it polymerizes into a single monolith. But depending on the chemical formula in it, it has different strength and abrasion resistance. To save cement and to give concrete greater resistance to abrasion, a filler (sand, ASG, granite chips, etc.) is added to the cement.

But traces, applicants for casting technology can be viewed further:

Now columns can only be made from segments. Plant PetroMramor

Turkey. Peace. Columns. At the base of the granite columns there is a hole with rust from a metal part.

Baalbek. Inside - concrete (crushed stone on the mortar)

Cyprus. Inside the stones in the solution

Joint between sandstone blocks. How could they make grains of sand?

Kazan Cathedral. Venetian stucco under granite

A separate topic is poking in blocks, and even more so in granite and other rocks:

Big on this topic

Poke at Angkor Wat, Cambodia. Yes, and the blocks themselves are like castings with a wavy upper surface

At first glance, they seem a little different, but looking closely, you begin to understand that, by and large, they are made using exactly the same technology.
Almost all of them have jagged edges and a flat bottom.

Filling that holds the blocks together, just like the blocks themselves. The monolith was not made due to the seismic resistance of the masonry. The monolith is cracking, and block-by-block is held due to micro-movements during earthquakes

According to the official version, replicated both in the press and according to the stories of the guides, such pokes served to transport the blocks to the construction site.

Granite casting. Here are examples from Egypt:

The conjugation of blocks along the vertical is curvilinear. This cannot be achieved by machining. And what are those strange recesses of material on the blocks? More like traces of poorly installed formwork. In principle, accuracy was not needed here.

Basalt. Influxes on the faces of the block. It looks like they've been torn down.

Row of basalt cubes with influxes

What is the point of processing basalt in such a way and leaving such a “visor”?

It seems that the plastic mass was held by flat shields with props. But their area was less than the area of the resulting block

Pairing Blocks Vertically

Horizontally and vertically curvilinear mate

Like dough escaping from a pan.

Here, something was pressed down on top

Granite cladding of the Pyramid of Menkaure

How can you mechanically fit granite blocks of this size?

The edges of the masonry are not completely flattened over the entire area

Here the granite flakes off

I believe that the outer facing (surviving) of the Giza pyramid is block-filled

Facing of the Pyramid of Giza

Concrete granite and basalt floor in Giza

How did these stones get into the granite mass? What will the skeptics say?

Another option is that basalt blocks were laid on a plastic base mass

There are doubts that this is not a block-filled mass? Or skeptics will rest against the fact that such a lower curved surface can be ground to the unevenness of the base?

What kind of grasshoppers are building something?

Although, there are many questions about the basalt floor, and most likely it is made through the mechanical processing of blocks. More about this

But let's continue the topic:

Comparison of rocks under a microscope
***

But traces, applicants for casting technology can be viewed further:

Now columns can only be made from segments. Plant PetroMramor

Turkey. Peace. Columns. At the base of the granite columns there is a hole with rust from a metal part.

Baalbek. Inside - concrete (crushed stone on the solution)

Cyprus. Inside the stones in the solution

Joint between sandstone blocks. How could they make grains of sand?

Kazan Cathedral. Venetian stucco under granite

A separate topic is poking in blocks, and even more so in granite and other rocks:

After what I saw in the photographs, I no longer have any doubts that many granite massifs in ancient buildings (in particular, throughout Egypt) are casting or molding masses (mixed or softened). Yes, fantastic. But I see no other logic in this.
***

Thanks to readers who in the comments showed a well-forgotten technology that they tried to introduce on an industrial scale in the USSR:

HORS series disintegrator

Disintegrator basket with chopping fingers.

Using this technology, in the early 1950s, a pilot plant began operating in the city of Tallinn, producing over 35,000 cubic meters. the widest range of products, ranging from cellular wall blocks, load-bearing floor panels to tiles and sewer pipes. As a result, from lime and simple sand, this factory began to produce products with the M3000 brand in mass production, and up to M5000 in pilot production. (And this is half a century ago! Today, M600 grade concrete is considered almost the pinnacle of applied concrete science).

Silicalcite in all construction and technical indicators is of better quality than concrete. In silicalite, sand and lime particles are combined in much the same way as soda and sand particles in glass. It is impossible to separate them from one another by conventional research methods. In concrete, grains of sand and gravel practically do not take part in the formation of the internal structure of an artificial stone, they are simply glued together with cement.

Does this texture of granite remind you? There, too, particles of feldspar with quartz particles are firmly bonded like a polycrystal.

Details about silicalcite can be read

There were such thoughts as they made masses of artificial stone, and even granite:

They took a mixture of sand and lime crushed into powder (nanopowder) and rammed it with granite chips or the same sand. Next, they were heated in ovens. There is an opinion on silicalcite that it is not even necessary to heat it, it will gain the necessary strength over the years, extracting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and becoming more and more stone. Maybe it was this technology that was used to build buildings in Egypt, St. Petersburg?

Granite casting. Here are examples from Egypt:

Basalt. Influxes on the faces of the block. It looks like they've been torn down.

Row of basalt cubes with influxes

What is the point of processing basalt in such a way and leaving such a “visor”?

It seems that the plastic mass was held by flat shields with props. But their area was less than the area of the resulting block

Pairing Blocks Vertically

Horizontally and vertically curvilinear mate

Like dough escaping from a pan.

Here, something was pressed down on top

Granite cladding of the Pyramid of Menkaure

How can you mechanically fit granite blocks of this size?

The edges of the masonry are not completely flattened over the entire area

Here the granite flakes off

I believe that the outer facing (surviving) of the Giza pyramid is block-filled

Facing of the Pyramid of Giza

Concrete granite and basalt floor in Giza

How did these stones get into the granite mass? What will the skeptics say?

Another option is that basalt blocks were laid on a plastic base mass

There are doubts that this is not a block-filled mass? Or skeptics will rest against the fact that such a lower curved surface can be ground to the unevenness of the base?

What kind of grasshoppers are building something?

Although, there are many questions about the basalt floor, and most likely it is made through the mechanical processing of blocks. More about this

But let's continue the topic:

Comparison of rocks under a microscope
***

But traces, applicants for casting technology can be viewed further:

Now columns can only be made from segments. Plant PetroMramor

Turkey. Peace. Columns. At the base of the granite columns there is a hole with rust from a metal part.

Baalbek. Inside - concrete (crushed stone on the solution)

Cyprus. Inside the stones in the solution

Joint between sandstone blocks. How could they make grains of sand?

Kazan Cathedral. Venetian stucco under granite

A separate topic is poking in blocks, and even more so in granite and other rocks:

Thanks to readers who in the comments showed a well-forgotten technology that they tried to introduce on an industrial scale in the USSR:

HORS series disintegrator

Disintegrator basket with chopping fingers.

Silicalcite in all construction and technical indicators is of better quality than concrete. In silicalite, sand and lime particles are combined in much the same way as soda and sand particles in glass. It is impossible to separate them from one another by conventional research methods. In concrete, grains of sand and gravel practically do not take part in the formation of the internal structure of an artificial stone, they are simply glued together with cement.

Doesn't this remind you of the structure of granite? There, too, particles of feldspar with quartz particles are firmly bonded like a polycrystal.

Details about silicalcite can be read

Interesting comment pavell743 in repost:

Feldspar consists in chemical analysis consists of oxides of sodium (potassium) aluminum oxide, and silicon oxide. The pH of spar is close to 9-10. This is an alkaline structure. The structure consists of 4 oxides. sodium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and hydrogen oxide (water). We have a classic hydro sodium aluminosilicate.
If you look at modern Portland cement, it replaces potassium with calcium. And the first of the brothers responsible for strength is tri-calcium aluminosilicate. When hydrated, it forms a water-insoluble crystal. PH of concrete 12-14.
What happens to concrete when you add caustic sodium or potassium to it?
And the following will happen. The pH will shift to 14. And the formation reaction will begin, following the example of feldspar. (Sodium, silicon, aluminum and water).
Now let's look at the chemical composition of simple ash from coal or firewood.
Silicon approximately 30%, aluminum up to 50%, calcium 2-10%, potassium and sodium up to 1-2%.
Doesn't it remind you of anything? The composition is almost ready feldspar. Only in the ash the particles are melted and they are round under the microscope.
With the joint grinding of ash and sodium hydroxide in a ratio of 1/10, a dry reaction begins by activating silicon and aluminum with sodium. When water is added, hydrolysis occurs and the pH tends to 16, causing the formation of sodium hydrosilicon aluminates.
The temperature for firing and obtaining clinker is not needed. Grinding and activation is needed as at the final stage of obtaining Portland cement.
This is called alkaline concrete.
Well, a video about the industrial production of geopolymer cement in Chelyabinsk:

Look at the tankodrome from the 70s of the last century.
Read Glukhovsky's books. And you will understand that you can get an almost transparent astringent.

Regarding silitcalcite, there is one minus that activation is needed and that the pH is constantly shifted to the alkaline side, the stronger the better. It is difficult to obtain a long-lasting alkaline pH on lime; for this reason, silite-calcite requires autoclaving and sand activation (knocking down the husk from the quartz grain).
In the modern construction industry, there are many ways to obtain stone. This and the technology of rigid concrete is when the water-cement ratio is low and the strength is high, but the mixture is difficult to fit. And with a large w / c ratio of the code, we fill it like sour cream.
Lots of technologies. There are self-compacting and self-compacting mixtures. It is difficult to movable with small cone shrinkage. But when vibrating current.
The problem of modern cement is that it is just a glue and it does not react with the aggregate, while for alkaline binders the aggregate reacts forming a spatially rigid structure with a constant growth of bonds, until all potassium or sodium with water.
The strength of slag mixed with water without binders lies in the range of 20-30 kg/cm squared. In the presence of only 1% of the active alkaline part. Yes, and that carbonized one. When heated or fired, the carbon dioxide part leaves and we get clinker, if it is ground and mixed, we get a binder.
If we add just caustic sodium to the ashes, we will also get an astringent.
Alkali binds quartz and clay. basis of ceramics.
Acid fluffs clay, alkali knits.
basis of ceramics.
Alkaline concrete recrystallizes during calcination and heat-resistant systems are obtained. Since there is almost no free water, caustic lye devours it, then there are no problems with vapor and gas breaks in the structure.
***

There were such thoughts as they made masses of artificial stone, and even granite:

Granicoat is versatile modern material. It is aesthetically beautiful, practical and durable. The technology for manufacturing products from Granicoat is so economical and simple that production can be organized both within the framework of a small business and on the scale of a large furniture enterprise. An advantageous advantage of Granicoat is the virtually waste-free production.

The simple process of manufacturing products from Granicoat artificial stone and liquid granite allows it to be used in a wide variety of building and finishing fields. It is used to create elements of external and internal decor, the manufacture of furniture, plumbing parts, various components and much more.

Granicoat's technology for the production of liquid stone products is different from other polymers. Granicoat is not glued or poured into the mold, but is applied to the workpiece with special spray equipment under high pressure. This is one of the factors that ensure the high durability of Granicoat products.