The temperature of the heaters in the apartment is normal. What should be the norm for the temperature of the batteries in the apartment according to GOST. Degrees here and there

Often tenants apartment buildings complain about the cold in the room. One of the main reasons for this may be the low temperature of the water in the heating radiators. We have already written about the reasons. And what should be the temperature of the batteries in the apartment, so as not to freeze? It also depends on the temperature. environment... But it is worth considering not only the temperature of the water, but also the material from which the radiator is made. If the temperature in the heating radiators in the apartment does not satisfy the tenants, then they can call a commission to take measurements. Measurements are carried out with tested devices. This is how the temperature of the battery in the apartment is determined, the rate of which fluctuates depending on changes in weather conditions.

How to determine that the temperature of the water in the radiators is below normal?

A device that measures the temperature of a surface with a beam.

Heating quality is often determined by the room temperature. If you feel that the rooms are cool, you need to measure the temperature. The maximum allowable is +18 degrees. If it is lower, then you need to identify the cause. The main reasons may be through windows and doors, but more important - the low temperature of the water in the radiators.

To determine what should be the temperature of the batteries in your apartment, there are special calculations. They are compiled by experts who compare the temperature of the water in the radiators and the ambient temperature. It is necessary to call a special service that will measure the temperature in the heating radiators in your apartment. The data obtained are compared with the data on the temperature graph. In this graph, it has already been calculated what temperature should be in the pipes of the direct water supply and return.

Table. Temperature graph of the ratio of heating to ambient temperature.

Ambient temperature	Direct water supply temperature	Return water temperature
-15	105	70
-10	92	63
-5	78	56
0	65	48
+5	50	39

These data are given for a one-pipe heating system, with water supply from the bottom up. According to the table, when the outside air temperature is, for example, -10 degrees Celsius, the return water temperature should be at least 63 degrees. And this does not depend on which floor the measurements are taken on - on the first or fifth. In a two-pipe heating system, the water temperature at -15 outside is allowed 95 degrees on a direct water supply.

Each settlement has its own temperature schedule. It is approved by the city administration.

If the temperature of the battery in the apartment is below normal, this means that the boiler room saves on heating. After measuring the water, the specialists draw up an act, and the utilities must fix all the problems. At the same time, everyone has the right to demand recalculation of the heating fee. The rent should be reduced according to the square of the apartment. Radiator water temperature is one of the main factors warm home... According to the standards for the temperature of the batteries in the apartment, a coolant must be supplied, the degree of heating of which ranges from 80-85 degrees.

Utilities measure plumbing and heating systems. After that, an act is drawn up. Then, if the claims of the tenant are confirmed, the utilities must increase or decrease the heating of the water. Another way would be to install new heating radiators. Details about the installation can be found in the video:

Pay attention to the material of which the batteries are made.

They have high thermal conductivity, therefore they will give off heat well. But cast iron, although they are able to retain heat longer, will give it away more slowly. Because of this, the room will warm up for a long time.

The speed of water movement also affects the temperature in the heating pipes in apartments. Do not forget that it is always cooler in corner apartments, because they have more walls in contact with the street. To reduce heat loss, it is necessary to insulate the walls. Insulation of windows and doors through which cold air penetrates will also not be superfluous.

What should you know about the temperature in the heating radiators in the apartment?

A thermal head can be screwed into the end of the battery.

For a comfortable stay in an apartment, you need to monitor the temperature of the batteries. This requires:

independently measure the temperature of pipes (a conventional, infrared, alcohol thermometer or a special electrical device with a thermocouple is used);

call communal services if the temperature does not meet the standards (as a rule, it is lower than required);

if the temperature of the battery during the heating period in the apartment is higher than normal, then special taps can be used to adjust it.

A pleasant microclimate in an apartment is a guarantee of health, so you should not neglect it. In addition, the degree of air humidity plays an important role. If it is too dry, it can result in respiratory problems. Also, the amount of fresh air is standardized for each room separately. According to many experts, the norms are somewhat overestimated, so even if the air exchange is only half, it is quite acceptable.

Heat bills are the most significant line of all utility bills. Moreover, it rises every year.

Therefore, consumers have the right to demand from the Criminal Code and resource supplying organizations to create in the apartment temperature regime without attracting additional sources of heating.

Federal Law of 27.07.2010 No. 190-FZ "On Heat Supply" regulates relations in the field of heating residential buildings.
Federal Law of 07.12.2011 No. 416-FZ "On Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal" in Article 7 of Chapter 3 contains general rules heat supply MKD.
RF Government Resolution No. 354 of 06.05.2011 “On the Provision of Utilities to Owners and Users of Residential Premises in Apartment Buildings” in Appendix 1 establishes requirements for the quality of heat supply (permissible interruptions, conditions and procedure for changing fees, air temperature standards).
GOST R 51617-2000 “Housing and communal services. Are common technical conditions»Regulates the provision of the standard level of air heat.
SP 60.13330 SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".

When does the heating season start

By law, the launch time for the central system is in the fall, from October 1 to October 15. The specific date is determined by local governments and given an order by the RNO or CHP. Early start heating season it is possible when outside the window is less than + 8 ° С for five days in a row.

The management company has a schedule for connecting houses, which they put into action immediately after starting the heating. First of all, socially significant objects are connected: hospitals, schools, kindergartens. Then the valves are opened on the rest residential buildings alternately.

Such a process is necessary in order to quickly eliminate leaks and leaks, if they arise. The increase in the level of heat in the system occurs gradually, but the bill will come in full.

ADVICE! In order for the calculation to take place only for actual consumption, you need to install heat meters.

What temperature should the radiators have in winter?

If at the onset of the heating season it is still cold in the apartment, you need to find out the reasons for this deviation. The most common is the airiness of the system, which is easy to deal with on your own. If the radiators and pipes are working normally, most likely, the standard heat in the apartment does not depend on them.

Standards

The heat transfer rates of batteries are the statutory values for heating radiators, which are necessary to maintain a comfortable microclimate in a living room and are + 18 ... + 25 ° С. They are installed by SNiP 41-01-2003.

Minimum and maximum value

The legislation establishes standards for heat supply indicators:

The temperature of the batteries + 95 ° С is maximum if a two-pipe heating system is used.
+ 115 ° С is the maximum threshold for houses with a one-pipe system.
The heat transfer of radiators in winter + 80 ... + 90 ° С is considered optimal. An increase to the level of + 100 ° C is dangerous due to boiling of the coolant. To lower the heating level, a regulator must be installed.

The minimum value is the dependence on the air temperature outside in winter time: it increases from + 39 ° С at + 5 ° С to + 70 ° С at -15 ° С. There is no specific minimum size; heating is designed to provide adequate heat in the living space.

IMPORTANT! The exact values are indicated in the temperature schedule approved for each locality, taking into account the peculiarities of the climate.

How to measure the temperature of radiators

If residents have suspicions that the temperature of the radiator does not correspond to the standard, you need to measure it. For this, several devices are used.

Devices

The most convenient and reliable is a portable infrared pyrometer with an accuracy class of 0.5. It takes readings remotely. That is, it is enough to direct the bell to the surface in order to measure and fix the value.

It is important that all measuring instruments, whose testimony will be used for complaints to state authorities and in court proceedings, must be efficient and accurate. This can be confirmed by checking them once a year in an accredited organization.

Thermometer

Without a pyrometer, you can check the heat transfer with an ordinary thermometer. To do this, you need to attach it with a flask to the battery, fix it with tape, wrap it with heat-insulating material.

Conclusion

Heating must maintain the temperature at the legal level. The question of a full-fledged heat supply can arise only in case of deviation from these parameters. If this fact becomes clear, it is necessary to insist on reducing the payment for heat. In the presence of the fault of the heat supply organization.

The efficiency of the heating system depends on many factors. It is customary to refer to them as the rated power, the level of heat transfer from the radiators and the temperature regime of operation. For the latter indicator, the main thing is to correctly choose the level of heating of the coolant. Therefore, it is necessary to find a suitable temperature in heating system for water, radiators and boiler.

For the proper functioning of the heat supply, a graph of the water temperature in the heating system is needed. On the basis of it, a suitable level of heating of the temperature of the coolant is revealed, it all depends on the influence of certain external factors. According to it, it is possible to identify the temperature of the water in the central heating batteries, the rate of which must comply with sanitary requirements, at a certain period of time when the equipment is in operation.

A common misconception is that the higher the heating level of the coolant, the better. But at the same time, fuel consumption increases, respectively - current costs. Often the low temperature of the radiators is not considered a violation of the norms for heating the room. Was just formed low temperature system heat supply.

That is why accurate calculation water heating needs attention. The suitable temperature of the water in the heating pipes depends on external factors. To identify it, it is necessary to take into account the following indicators:

heat loss at home. They are considered the main ones for calculating any type of heat supply. Their calculation will be the first step in the design of heat supply;
boiler indicators. If the operation of this component does not meet the design requirements, the water temperature in the heating system of a private house will not rise to the required level;
metal production of pipes and radiators. In the first situation, it is necessary to use pipes with a minimum value of thermal conductivity. This will reduce heat losses in the system at the time the coolant moves from the boiler heat exchanger to the radiators. For batteries, the main opposite is high thermal conductivity. Therefore, the water temperature in central heating radiators made of cast iron must be higher than aluminum or bimetallic devices.

Is it possible to find out the appropriate temperature in the radiators yourself? It depends on the details of the system. To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with the characteristics of the batteries, boiler, heating pipes. In a centralized heating system, the temperature of the heating pipes is not considered the main indicator. The main thing is that the norms for heating the air in the living quarters are observed.

Water heating system

Heating standards in apartments and houses

In fact, the level of water heating in pipes and heat supply radiators is considered a subjective indicator. It is much more important to know the heat dissipation of the system. It depends on what the minimum and maximum water temperature in the heating system can be reached at the time of use.

Battery temperature measurement

For autonomous heating, central heating standards are used. They are indicated in the decree of the PRF No. 354. But the minimum water temperature in the heating system is not indicated there. The main thing is to observe the level of heating of the air in the room. Therefore, the temperature index of one system may differ from another. It all depends on the influencing factors mentioned above.

To determine the normal temperature in the heating pipes, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the current standards. Their content indicates the division into residential and non-residential rooms, as well as the dependence of the air heating level on the time of day:

in the central rooms during the day, the normal temperature in the apartment should be +18 degrees and +20 degrees in the corner;
in living rooms at night, a slight decrease in temperature is allowed, but the temperature of the heating radiators should be + 15- + 17 degrees.

The management company controls these standards. If they are violated, you can ask to recalculate the payment for heating. For autonomous heat supply, a temperature table is created, where the heating agent heating indicators and the level of load on the system are entered. At the same time, no one is responsible for non-compliance with this schedule. This affects the comfort of being in a private house.

For central heating, it is considered important to maintain the required level of air heating at stairways and non-residential premises. The temperature of the water in the batteries must be such that the air heats up to a minimum of +12 degrees.

Calculation of the temperature mode of heating

At the time of calculating the heat supply, the characteristics of all parts must be taken into account. In particular, this applies to radiators. What is the appropriate temperature for radiators: +70 or +95 degrees? It all depends on a warm calculation, which is created at the time of design.

An example of creating a heating temperature schedule

First, you need to identify the heat loss in the building. Based on the information received, a boiler with the appropriate power is selected. Then the parameters of the heating batteries are determined. They must have a specific level of heat transfer, which will affect the graph of the water temperature in the heating system. Manufacturers mark this parameter, but only for a specific operating mode of the system.

If, to maintain a comfortable level of heating the air in the room, you have to spend 2 kW of thermal energy, then the radiators must have no less heat transfer rate. To identify this, you need to know the following indicators:

you need to know the maximum water temperature in the heating system - t1. It depends on the power of the boiler;
the normal temperature that should be in the return pipes of the heating is t. This is revealed by the type of distribution of highways and the total length of the system;
the desired level of heating the air in the room - t.

If you have this data, then you can easily calculate the temperature head of the battery using the following formula:

Tnap = (t1-t2) x ((t1-t2) / 2-t3

Then, to determine the power of the radiator, you need to use the following formula:

Q = kхFхТnap

Where k is an indicator of the heat transfer from the heating device. This indicator must be noted in the passport. F is the radiator area, Tnap is the thermal head.

By changing different values of the maximum and minimum water temperature in the heating system, you can identify the optimal operating mode of the device. The main thing is to correctly calculate the required power of the heating device from the beginning.

Most often, the low temperature value in heating batteries is associated with heating design errors. Experts advise radiators to add a small margin to the obtained power value - 5%. This will be required in case of a critical drop in temperature outside in winter.

Water temperature in the boiler and heating pipes

After the calculations have been made, you need to set up a table of temperature values for the boiler and pipes. At the time of operation of the heat supply, there should be no emergencies, common reason which is considered a violation of the temperature regime.

The normal value of the water temperature in the central heating batteries can be up to +90 degrees. This must be strictly monitored at the time of preparation of the coolant, its transportation and distribution over residential apartments... The situation with autonomous heat supply is much more complicated. In this case, control is entirely up to the owner of the house.

The main thing is to make sure that the temperature of the water in the heating pipes does not rise. This can affect the safety of the system. If suddenly the value of the water temperature in the heating system of a private house is higher than the norm, then the following situations may arise:

deformation of pipelines. In particular, this applies to polymer lines, in which the maximum heating can reach +85 degrees. Therefore, the normal value of the temperature of the heating pipes in the apartment is +70 degrees. Otherwise, a deformation of the line may occur, and then a gust;
increase in air heating. If the temperature of the heat supply radiators in the apartment contributes to an increase in the air heating value above +27 degrees, then this is outside the norm;
reducing the life of heating parts. This applies to radiators and pipes. Over time, the maximum temperature of the water in the heating system will lead to a malfunction;
non-observance of the temperature schedule water in the autonomous heating system contributes to the creation of air jams. This is done by transforming the coolant from a liquid to a gaseous state. In addition, it acts on the occurrence of corrosion on the basis of the metal parts of the system. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately calculate what temperature should be in the heating batteries, taking into account the material of creation.

Most often violation thermal conditions work seen in solid fuel boilers. This is due to the problem of adjusting their power. When a critical temperature level appears in the heating pipes, it is very difficult to quickly reduce the boiler power.

The effect of temperature on the characteristics of the coolant

In addition to the factors listed above, the temperature of the water in the heat supply pipes affects its characteristics. The method of functioning of gravitational heating systems is based on this. With an increase in the value of water heating, it expands and circulation appears.

But when using antifreeze, exceeding the normal temperature in the heating batteries can lead to different results. Therefore, for heat supply with a heat carrier that differs from water, it is necessary first to determine the permissible values of its heating. This does not apply to the temperature of the central heating radiators in the apartment, since such devices do not use antifreeze-based liquids.

Antifreeze is used if there is a risk of exposure to low temperatures on the radiators. Unlike water, it does not change from a liquid to a crystal-like state at a value of 0 degrees. But if the work of the heat supply goes beyond the norms of the temperature table for heating in a larger direction, the following phenomena can be observed:

foaming. This contributes to an increase in the volume of the coolant and the pressure level. There will be no reverse process when the antifreeze cools down;
the appearance of limescale. The antifreeze contains mineral components. If the heating temperature in the apartment is violated, they precipitate. Over time, this leads to clogging of pipes and radiators;
an increase in the density index. Malfunctions may occur circulation pump if its rated power was not designed for the occurrence of such situations.

Therefore, it is much easier to monitor the temperature of the water in the heating system of a private house than to control the heating level of antifreeze. Moreover, substances based on ethylene glycol emit gas harmful to humans when evaporated.

Today, they are almost never used as a coolant in autonomous systems heat supply. Before using antifreeze in heating, it is necessary to replace all rubber seals with paranite ones. This is due to the high level of permeability of this type of coolant.

Options for normalizing the temperature regime of heating

The minimum indicators of the water temperature in the heating system are not considered the main threat to its operation. This affects the microclimate in living rooms, but does not affect the operation of the heat supply. If the water heating rate is exceeded, emergencies may occur.

Safety group for autonomous heating

When creating a heating scheme, it is necessary to provide a list of measures aimed at preventing a critical increase in water temperature. First of all, this will lead to an increase in pressure and stress on the inside of the pipes and radiators. If this happened once and lasted a short time, then the details of the heat supply will not be affected.

But such cases appear with the constant influence of specific factors. Most often this is the improper operation of a solid fuel boiler. To avoid breakdowns, it is necessary to upgrade the heating in this way:

installation of a security group. It consists of an air vent, a drain valve and a pressure gauge. If the water temperature reaches a critical level, these parts will eliminate the excess of the coolant, thereby ensuring normal circulation of the liquid for its natural cooling;
mixing unit. It connects the return and supply pipes. Additionally, a two-way valve with a servo drive is mounted. The latter is connected to a temperature sensor. If the indicator of the heating level exceeds the norm, the valve will open and there will be a mixing of streams of hot and cooled water;
electronic heating control unit. It distributes the temperature of the water to different parts of the system. In case of violation of the thermal regime, it sends a corresponding signal to the boiler processor to reduce the power.

These measures will prevent incorrect operation of the heating for an additional initial stage the appearance of the problem. The most difficult thing to control is the water temperature in systems with a solid fuel boiler. Therefore, for them, special attention must be paid to the choice of indicators of the safety group and the mixing unit.

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Russia may be a cold country, but our apartments are warmer than in many European countries. Because there is central heating, subsidized by the state, and the British, Germans, French, deprived of this luxury, are forced to economize and temper at the same time. This is in theory. But what is in practice? Is it good for you to drown and what if not?

Heating rates

Since central heating is a matter of state concern, the heating norms in the apartment are determined centrally. GOST 30494-2011 says that during the heating season, the temperature in living rooms, kitchens and bathrooms should not fall below 18 ° C. In cold regions, such as Yakutia or the Khabarovsk Territory, the temperature for living rooms is set from 20 ° C, and for the kitchen and bathroom - from 18 ° C.

From midnight to five o'clock in the morning, a decrease in these norms by 3 ° C is allowed. The human body needs less warmth while sleeping, and heating suppliers legitimately take advantage of this in order to save money.

If the specified GOST is a reference book for designers of engineering systems, then all utilities without exception compare their hours and degrees with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of 05/06/2011. In particular, it establishes the start of the heating season. The batteries must be turned on on the sixth day after the temperature outside the window has dropped below 8 ° C. By the way, the rule of eight also works in the opposite direction: as soon as the spring air reaches an average daily mark of 8 ° C and can maintain positions for five days in a row, the batteries will be disconnected.

Often, these heating periods run counter to our personal comfort. Almost every autumn, demands are poured on public utilities to turn on the heating in apartments earlier than planned, but they have every right to reject these demands, until, of course, the day specified by the Resolution comes.

How the heating of apartment buildings works

The heat that goes to our homes is generated by CHP or boiler houses. There the water is heated to be piped into houses. It should get to the batteries hot, so it needs to be very hot. Every student knows that water will boil at 100 ° C, but this does not happen with water in heating pipes.

A pressure of 7-8 atmospheres is created in the heat supply pipes, which raises the boiling point of water to 160-170 ° C.

There are different schemes for the distribution of the coolant (as official documents call water in pipes and heating batteries) coming from a CHP. In the most common so-called independent heating scheme, water does not go directly to the apartments. First, it goes to a heating point located in the basement of a high-rise building, where it passes through a heat exchanger and cools down to an acceptable temperature for supplying rooms. The water in the radiators should not be too hot - it is simply dangerous.

Having passed through the heating batteries inside the house, the coolant, which has already cooled down by 25-35 ° C, returns to the same heating point - in order to warm up again and get into our houses.

Temperature in radiators

The only rule directly related to heating batteries in an apartment building is the maximum temperature of the coolant. It should not exceed 95 ° С for two-pipe systems and 105 ° С for single-pipe systems. It is easy to find out which system is installed in your apartment: look at your radiator and count how many pipes are connected to it. Two-pipe systems are more common - they are more efficient and more economical.

The lower limit of the water temperature in the heating batteries is not officially fixed in any way. The only rule: batteries must provide the temperature standard in the rooms established by GOST 30494-2011. It is clear, however, that if the batteries themselves are slightly warm, then they will not be able to heat the room to the 18 ° C required by GOST. Maybe a very, very small room.

What to measure and how to measure

So, the desired hour has come, and the heating season has begun, but the apartment is still cold. How to proceed?

The first step is to measure the heating in the apartment. In other words, measure the temperature in the rooms and compare it with the GOST standards specified above (and listed in detail) to make sure that poor heating in the apartment is a reality, and not your individual feelings.

If you have a base station, then you will see the exact air temperature readings in the form of a graph in your mobile application or the web interface.

If all measurements correspond to the rules, it is useless to complain, utilities will simply refer to the same GOST. You will have to insulate yourself.

However, if the measurements taken indicate that the heating temperature in the apartment does not correspond to the norm, then there are several options for action.

First you need to determine the cause of the thermal problems.
Here is a short list of the most common ones:

1. Plug in batteries
Batteries can be cold due to trapped air in the pipes, called air pockets. They prevent the water from circulating as expected and proper heating in the apartment is disturbed. The plug can be removed on your own by opening a special valve or, as it is also called, the Mayevsky crane. It is usually located near the top corner of the radiator. Be careful, and if you are not sure that the heating will work out on your own, then it is better to seek help from a specialist.

2. Large heat loss of the apartment
A common problem in old houses: the batteries seem to be scalding hot, but it's still cold. It is useless to appeal to public utilities, you need to take care of thermal insulation on your own. Just do not get carried away with sealing too much, because by curing one, you can cripple the other. In particular, it often suffers from unnecessary insulation measures. When installing airtight windows and foaming crevices in walls, think about how your rooms are.

3. Poorly heated
If the two previous reasons are shallow, then only one remains: utilities neglect their duties. The consequences, again, are regulated: in accordance with the aforementioned Resolution, you have the right to compensation for heat supply payments, and the relevant services are obliged to correct the shortcomings.

Heat transfer to the apartment from the central heating system is carried out mainly by radiators. These are simple in appearance, but very effective devices designed to increase the heat transfer area and create an optimal microclimate in the room for life. In this article, we will talk about what temperature should be in the batteries so that residents are comfortable in the apartment, and how permissible are interruptions in heating.

When does the heating season start

According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, heating in apartment buildings turn on as soon as the average daily air temperature drops below 8 ℃ and does not rise above this mark for more than 5 days. If the weather is warm in autumn, then the supply of heat to the apartments may be postponed for some time - the utilities have the right to do so, since the comfortable temperature in the apartment is maintained even without heating.

It is noteworthy that the central heating systems are turned on only on the 6th day after the air reaches the indicated temperature values. As a rule, the official start of the heating season in most regions of the country falls in mid-October, and its end - in April.

Why are the batteries cold in the apartment?

Very often situations arise when it becomes very cold outside, and the temperature of the water in the heating pipes does not rise. Moreover, often the coolant is not poured into the pipes at all. The reason for this lies, most likely, in the unscrupulous attitude of the service organization to its duties.

Among the probable reasons for the lack of heat in the house are:

failures and breakdowns of elements of the heating system;
not completed work on the repair of the system;
the presence of air locks in the heating circuit.

In cases where the temperature of the water in the batteries does not rise due to preventive or renovation works in the general heating system of the house, you just have to wait for them to finish. But if the reason lies in air jams in the circuit, you need to either open Mayevsky's taps on the radiators and release it, or contact a service organization. Within a day, they must send a specialist to blow through the pipes and restore the circulation of the coolant.

Reasons for interrupted heat transfer

It is worth noting that at the very beginning of the heating season, the temperature norms in the heating batteries are constantly observed and the heating works all the time. There is a heating system temperature schedule that is usually followed. In some cases, boiler rooms can interrupt the supply of heat to apartments.

By law, interruptions in the operation of the heating system cannot exceed the following values:

24 hours - if the apartment has a minimum temperature of 12 ℃;
8 hours - provided that the temperature in the apartment fluctuates between 10 ℃ and 12 ℃;
4 hours - if the room temperature drops to 8 ℃ or even lower.

All given intervals are indicated on a monthly basis. If these figures are exceeded, residents have the right to file a complaint with the appropriate authorities.

Temperature standards for heating radiators

Since the heating of an apartment building is a complex and branched system, a special standard for the temperature of water in the batteries was developed, the observance of which allows one to judge the efficiency of the operation of all equipment.

In this regard, it is very important when installing or replacing radiators to comply with all the rules and technical requirements for this type of work. In case of errors and violations of the technology of installing radiators, heat will not be evenly distributed throughout the entire circuit. This means that in neighboring rooms or even apartments, the water temperature in the central heating batteries will be different - in one it is hot, and in the other it is cold.

In addition, when installing batteries, it is important to correctly calculate the sections, which will allow you to comply with the temperature of the heating battery in the apartment.

Permissible minimum temperature

Oddly enough, but the law does not prescribe a minimum threshold for what should be the temperature of the batteries in the apartment. The only thing that can be asserted with certainty is that the heat given off by the batteries should be enough for the air in the apartment to warm up to 18-25 ℃. Consequently, under the condition of severe frosts and weak heating of heating batteries, it is rather difficult to achieve permissible air temperature values.

Maximum battery heating level

But the maximum water temperature in central heating batteries is prescribed in SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".

According to this document, the standards are as follows:

the temperature maximum for water in the radiators of apartments is 95 ℃ with a two-pipe heating system;
for one-pipe distribution, the maximum temperature is 115 ℃;
the recommended value of heating the coolant is in the range of 85-90 ℃, since when it reaches 100 ℃, the water boils, and to prevent this, special substances are added to it.

It is worth noting that with the maximum threshold of the water temperature in the heating battery at 115 ℃, they work with increased load and fail quickly enough. Therefore, operating the equipment in this mode is not recommended.

We measure the temperature of the batteries

If the apartment is cold, you can measure the temperature in the radiators.

This can be done in one of the following ways:

using a thermometer - add 1-2 ℃ to the value obtained on the surface of the battery and obtain the temperature of the coolant;
infrared thermometer;
alcohol thermometer - the device is tied to a battery and wrapped in heat-insulating material to obtain more accurate data.

Accurate temperature readings can only be obtained by using an instrument with a quality certificate with a range of 5 ℃ to 40 ℃ and an allowable error of 0.1 ℃.

Having compared the obtained values with what should be the temperature of the batteries, and if any discrepancies have been identified, you can contact the service organization. She will perform a control measurement of the temperatures of the liquid in the heating circuit in a particular apartment.

Alternatively, you can measure the temperature of hot tap water - if it is supplied to the apartment. If a value is obtained in the range of 60-75 ℃, then the norm is met, and all other values are already considered a deviation from it.

Procedure in the event of a lack of heating

Residents of apartment buildings sometimes encounter a situation when it is already very cold in the apartment, and the temperature of the battery in the apartment to normal is not something that falls short - the heating is turned off altogether. If the reason for this is a breakdown of the heating system in the house, they must be eliminated. But if the culprit of the delay is the service company, it is important to provide evidence that the apartment is very cold.

A representative is invited from the service company and together with him they measure the temperatures in each room, recording the results in writing. After receiving the results, the heat supplier must urgently take action to turn on the heating and recalculate the charges charged for the interruption period. In the absence of any reaction from the service organization, compensation can be obtained through the court for violation of the rules for serving the population by utilities.

In winter, the minimum air temperature in the apartment is 18 ℃. Provided that the set temperature drops below this mark, the heat supplier must reduce the payment by 0.15% for each hour of the violation period.

If even after the recalculation the situation has not changed for the better, tenants should file a collective complaint about violation of the minimum temperature thresholds in apartments. This complaint will become the basis for a statement of claim in court, which may impose fines on the service company.

Water temperature standards in home heating batteries must comply with SNiPu and be strictly observed throughout the heating season.

To protect themselves from violations by heat suppliers, consumers should familiarize themselves with the standards, terms and limits of water temperatures in radiators and indoor air during the heating season. Then, if necessary, they can check all values with simple measurements.