Mainz city in Germany: history and interesting places. Souvenirs. What to bring as a gift
Mainz Cathedral (Mainzer Dom) The city of Mainz (Mainz) is the capital of the German state of Reiland-Palatinate. This city is rather small for Germany, it is home to about 190 thousand people. There are many sights left from the Romans, who dominated these lands for a long time. Mainz is an important railway hub in southern Germany and can also be reached from Frankfurt Airport, located 30 […]
The city is the capital of the German state Reiland-Palatinate. This city is rather small for Germany, it is home to about 190 thousand people. There are many sights left from the Romans, who dominated these lands for a long time.
Mainz is an important railway hub in southern Germany and can also be reached from Frankfurt Airport, 30 km away. The city has a developed road system, and you can also rent a bike here.
Mainz has a maritime climate, the hottest months are July and August, when the air warms up to +23 C, and the coldest months are December and January, when the temperature drops below zero.
V old town there are many antique shops, souvenir shops, restaurants, bars and bistros. A market opens every Tuesday, Friday and Saturday in the market square. There is also a large shopping center in Mainz. Am Brand, of interest to shoppers, several large department stores and many retail stores.
Among the sights of the city, the main interest is, which was built at the end of the 10th century in the Romanesque style and combines elements of Baroque and Gothic, as well as Church of St. Stephen ( Stephanskirche, whose blue stained-glass windows were made by Marc Chagall.
Mainz is connected to the federal state of Hesse and Wiesbaden bridge Theodor Heuss Rhine, which, like many other bridges over the Rhine, was destroyed during the war and later rebuilt, and is now one of the main tourist sites in Mainz.
It will also be interesting to visit the building town halls 1970s, which was designed by craftsmen from Denmark, using tons of Swedish marble to build the facade.
Mainz central square Schillerplatz, surrounded by fountains, is a favorite place for pleasant evening walks. In addition, tourists love to walk along the Rhine embankment, breathing the sea air, admiring the seagulls, ducks and a variety of water transport. On holidays, all kinds of attractions and carousels are installed on the embankment.
Mainz is the birthplace of the famous inventor of European printing Johannes Gutenberg, therefore, his museum is located in this city, which presents a reconstructed printing house and handmade Gutenberg press.
Also in the city is a unique one, which exhibits Roman warships of the 5th century, discovered during the construction of the Hilton Hotel.
Every year Mainz hosts a carnival, which includes many parties, parades, costume shows and other entertainment. The culmination of the carnival season is the night festival Johannisnacht which takes place in the summer.
At Christmas in Mainz, the Christmas market is traditionally organized, which meets buyers during the month before the holiday on weekdays.
At the end of summer and beginning of autumn, the city holds an annual wine festival.
Mainz Germany
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Mainz (Germany) - the most detailed information about the city with a photo. The main sights of Mainz with descriptions, guides and maps.
City of Mainz (Germany)
Getting there by car:
- From France (Lille) - motorway A60.
- From Koblenz - motorway A61.
- From Kaiserslautern - A63.
- From Frankfurt - A66.
Mainz is also served by several bus routes, which usually stop at the main station.
sights
The most important and interesting sights of Mainz.
Attractions of the Roman period
The settlement on the site of Mainz was founded in the era of the Roman Empire, so several curious ancient ruins have been preserved here. One of the most important attractions of the Roman period is the ancient theater. It was opened at the beginning of the 20th century during the construction of a road to the citadel. This Roman theater is the largest north of the Alps. The structure had a width of 116 meters and accommodated about 10,000 spectators.
The Tomb of Drusus is an empty sarcophagus built after the death of a legionnaire commander who established a Roman camp at the mouth of the Main. In the Middle Ages it was used as a watchtower. The attraction is located near the citadel.
sacred architecture
Cathedral of St. Martina is the main religious building in Mainz, founded at the end of the 10th century. This is a grandiose masterpiece of sacred architecture. In many ways, the cathedral received its modern look in the 11-13th century and, in fact, is a whole complex of buildings. For more than a thousand years of history, it has suffered from severe fires several times and has been significantly rebuilt. Here are the old tombs of the archbishops of Mainz. Of interest is also the Romanesque chapel of St. Gotthard, late Gothic monastery and museum with ancient rarities.
Christ Church is a beautiful religious building in the Italian Renaissance style, built in the 19th century. The 80-meter dome stands out strikingly among the sacred buildings of Mainz and resembles the Cathedral of St. Peter in Rome. Although the church is Protestant.
The Augustinian church in the center of the old town was practically not damaged during the bombing of World War II. The church stands out for its beautiful rococo interior. It was founded in the 13th century for a poor Augustinian order. In the 18th century, the church was rebuilt and received a modern look.
Church of St. Christopha is an old Gothic church built in the 13th century and destroyed in 1945.
Church of St. Johanna is the oldest church in Mainz and one of the oldest religious buildings in Germany. It was founded in the 6th century during the Merovingian era. The building has a height of 16 meters. The church has retained some of the original elements from the early Middle Ages. In the 17th century it was rebuilt in the Baroque style, and during the Napoleonic Wars it was used by the French as a warehouse. In 1828 it was transferred to the Protestant community.
The Carmelite Church is a monastery church founded in the 13th century. It is the only surviving medieval monastery church in Mainz. During secularization, the monastery was abolished at the beginning of the 19th century. Despite many rebuildings, the church has retained most of the original elements, except for the ceiling paintings.
Church of St. Ignaca is a beautiful baroque and classicist church built in the 18th century. The red facade is decorated with sandstone figures.
Church of St. Petra is a masterpiece of baroque and rococo. It was founded in the 10th century. The old church building was demolished in the middle of the 18th century and a new one was built. Here you can find artistic and cultural treasures of past centuries.
Attractions and interesting places in Mainz.
The Old Town or Alstadt is very compact, cozy and beautiful. Quiet squares carefully restored half-timbered houses, magnificent churches and wonderful baroque buildings give the old town of Mainz a special charm and atmosphere. Baroque and rococo facades hide shops, cozy cafes, pubs and wine bars. The winding cobbled streets of Allstadt are a pleasure to walk in, the heart of the city is constantly pulsing here and there is always something going on.
The Gutenberg Museum is one of the most interesting museums in Mainz, where you can get acquainted with 4000 years of the history of literary culture. The figure of Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of printing, plays a key role here. Among the museum's greatest treasures are two original Gutenberg bibles from the mid-15th century. The reconstruction of his workshop is very interesting.
The Market or Markt is one of the oldest and most beautiful weekly markets in Germany. It takes place three times a week.
Of the 44 medieval tower gates of Mainz, only 3 have survived to this day: the Iron, Wooden and Alexander towers.
The iron tower was built in 1240 and is located near the Gutenberg Museum. This six-storey tower takes its name from the iron market that was once held here on the banks of the Rhine.
Carnival Fountain - located on Schiller Square and is a fairly young architectural monument (70s of the 20th century). More than 200 figures are used in the sculptural composition.
Electoral Palace - located on the banks of the Rhine and stands out with a bright, sandy-red facade. It is a unique example of late German Renaissance architecture. It is one of the most important secular buildings in Mainz.
The citadel is one of the most important monuments to the history of Mainz and one of the few surviving citadels in Germany. Here you can find evidence of 2000 years of the city's history from the Roman theater to the Lutheran church of the 20th century. The citadel was built in 1660 on the Jacobsberg.
Gutenberg Square is one of the central and largest squares in Mainz.
The Cherry Orchard is an atmospheric quarter of medieval Mainz with half-timbered houses from the 15th to 18th centuries. The quarter was founded around 1329.
This article is about the city in Germany. For light cruiser, see SMS Mainz. For the Mainz sword, see Gladius.
MainzMainz / Ma nts /? (German: [?? mants]) is the capital of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany. It was the electoral capital of Mainz during the Holy Roman Empire. In ancient times, Mainz was a Roman fort city that commanded the western bank of the Rhine and was part of the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire; it was founded as a military post by the Romans at the end of the 1st century BC. The city is located on the River Rhine at its confluence with the Main opposite Wiesbaden, in the western part of Frankfurt's Rhine-Main, in the modern era, Frankfurt shares much of its regional importance.
The city is famous as the birthplace of the invention of the movable type of printing press, as the first books printed using movable type were made in Mainz by Gutenberg in the early 1450s. Until the twentieth century, Mainz was not commonly referred to by English language like Mainz.
- 1 Geography
- 1.1 Topography 1.2 Climate
2 History
- 2.1 Roman Mogontiacum 2.2 Frankish Mainz 2.3 Christian Mainz 2.4 Early Jewish community 2.5 Republic of Mainz 2.6 Rhenish Hesse 2.7 Industrial expansion 2.8 20th century
3 Urban
- 3.1 Architecture
4 Main attractions 5 Administration
- 5.1 Coat of arms
6 Culture 7 Education 8 Sports 9 Economy
- 9.1 Wine center 9.2 Other industries
10 Transport
- 10.1 Railway
- 10.1.1 Operational use
10.2 Public transport 10.3 Cycling 10.4 Air transport
11 Notable people 12 International relations 13 Alternative names 14 References and notes 15 Sources 16 Further reading 17 External links
Geography
Topography
Mainz is located at 50 latitude, on the west bank of the Rhine River, opposite the main confluence with the Rhine. The population at the beginning of 2012 was 200,957, with an additional 18,619 people maintaining their main residence elsewhere, but there is a second home in Mainz. The city is part of the Rhein metro area, comprising 5.8 million people. Mainz can be easily reached from Frankfurt International Airport in 25 minutes by train railway(line S8).
View north along the Rhine with the old Winterhafen at the bottom left, other port facilities further north 
50 latitude at Gutenbergplatz
Mainz is a river port city like the Rhine, which connects with its main tributaries such as the Neckar, the Main and later the Moselle and thus continental Europe with the port of Rotterdam and thus the North Sea. Mainz's history and economy are closely linked to its proximity to the Rhine River, historically fulfilling most of the region's water load. Today's huge container port center allows trimodal transport to be located on the north side of the city. The river also provides another positive effect, softening Mainz's climate, making the waterfront neighborhoods slightly warmer in winter and cooler in summer.
After the last ice age, sand dunes were deposited in the Rhine valley at what was to become the city's western edge. The Mainz Sand Dunes area is now a nature reserve with a unique landscape and rarely steppe Vegetation in this area.
When the legion camp of Mainz was founded in 13/12 BC, the buildings near the river Rhine stood for the civil settlement of the current city. Historical sources and archaeological finds and prove the importance of the military and civilian Mogontiacum as a port city on the Rhine.
Climate
Mainz experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb).
| 3.4(38.1) | 5.3(41.5) | 9.7(49.5) | 14.2(57,6) | 18.9(66,0) | 22(71,6) | 23.9(75.0) | 23.6(74,5) | 20.1(68.2) | 14.3(57.7) | 7.8(46,0) | 4.5(40.1) | 14(57.2) |
| ?1.2(29.8) | ?0,6(30,9) | 1.9(35.4) | 4.8(40.6) | 8.7(47.7) | 11.9(53,4) | 13.4(56.1) | 13.2(55,8) | 10.3(50,5) | 6.6(43.9) | 2.5(36.5) | ?0.1(31.8) | 5.9(42.7) |
| 38(1.5) | 36(1.4) | 38(1.5) | 38(1.5) | 51(2.0) | 58(2.3) | 56(2.2) | 53(2.1) | 41(1.6) | 43(1.7) | 48(1.9) | 46(1.8) | 546(21.5) |
| Source: Intellicast |
Story
Roman Mogontiacum
Remains of the Roman gate of the city from the end of the 4th century
The Roman fortress or Castrum Mogontiacum, the predecessor to Mainz, was founded by the Roman general Drusus possibly as early as 13/12 BC. How Suetonius linked the existence of Mogontiacum is well known four years later (the story of the death and funeral of Nero Claudius Drusus), although several other theories suggest that the site may have been established earlier. Although the city is located opposite the mouth of the river Main, the name Mainz is not from the Main, a similarity being perhaps due to a diachronic analogy. The main one is from the Latin Menu, the name the Romans used for the river. Linguistic analysis of the many forms that the name "Mainz" adopted on make it clear that this is a simplification of Mogontiacum. The name will appear to be Celtic and ultimately it is. However, he also became Roman and was chosen by them with special significance. The Roman soldiers defending Gaul adopted the Gaulish god Mogons (Mogounus, Moguns, Mogonino), about whose meaning etymology offers two main options: "the great one", as well as the Latin piz, which was used in eulogizing titles such as Alexander piz, "Alexander the Great" and Pompey Magnus, "Pompey the Great", or the god "may" is personified as he appears in young servants of any type whether of noble or ignoble birth.
The Drusus monument or Drususstein (surrounded by the 17th-century citadel) is raised by Drusus men in honor of him 
Remains of a Roman aqueduct
Mogontiacum was an important military town during Roman times, probably due to its strategic position at the confluence of the rivers Main and Rhine. The city of Mogontiacum grew up between the fort and the river. Castrum was the base of Legio XIIII Gemina and XVI Gallica (AD 9–43), XXII Primigenius, IIII Macedonian (43–70), I Adiutrix (70–88), XXI Rapax (70–89), and XIIII Gemina (70–92 ), among the others. Mainz was also the base of the Roman river fleet, in the Classis Germanicus. The remains of a Roman troop ship (Navis lusoria) and a patrol boat from the end of the 4th century were discovered in 1982/86 and can now be viewed in the Antike Schifffahrt Fur Museum. The city was the capital of the province of Germania Superior, and had an important funeral monument dedicated to Drusus, to which people made the pilgrimage for the annual festival from as far away as Lyon. Notable buildings included the largest theater north of the Alps and the bridge over the Rhine.
Alamanni forces under Rando sacked the city in 368. From the last day of 405 or 406, the Siling and Asding Vandals, Suebi, Alans and other Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine, possibly at Mainz. Christian chronicles tell that the bishop, Staphylococcus aureus, was sentenced to death by the Alamannian Crocus. The path was open to the sack of Trier and the invasion of Gaul.
Throughout the changing times, the Roman Castrum seems to have never been permanently abandoned as a military facility, which is evidence of a Roman military court. Various structures were built in different time. The current citadel originated in 1660, but it replaced the previous forts. It was used in the Great Patriotic War. One of the attractions in the citadel is another cenotaph raised by legionnaires in honor of their Drusus.
Frankish Mainz
Through a series of invasions in the 4th century, Alsace gradually lost its Belgian ethnic character to the earlier Germanic tribes among the Celts ruled by the Romans and became predominantly influenced by the Alamanni. The Romans repeatedly reasserted control, however the troops stationed in Mainz became chief, non-Italic and the emperors had only one or two Italian ancestors in a pedigree that included mostly the peoples of the northern frontier.
The last emperor to station his troops serving the western empire in Mainz was Valentinian III, who relied heavily on his Master militum for the Gallias, Flavius Aetius. By this time the army included large numbers of troops from the major Germanic confederations along the Rhine, Alemanni, Saxons and Franks. The Franks were an adversary that rose to power and reputation among the Belgae of the lower Rhine during the 3rd century and repeatedly tried to extend their influence upstream. In 358 Emperor Julian bought the world, giving them most of Germania Inferior, which they possessed anyway, and imposing service in the Roman army in exchange.
The European factions at the time of Master Aetius included the Celts, Goths, Franks, Saxons, Alamanni, Huns, Italians, and Alans, as well as numerous other minor peoples. Aetius played them all against each other in a masterful effort to keep the peace under Roman rule. He used the Hunnic troops several times. At last the day of reckoning arrived between Aetius and Attila, both commanders of a polyglot, multinational army. Attila marched through Alsace in 451, devastating the country and destroying Mainz and Triers with their Roman garrisons. Shortly after it was thwarted by Flavius Aetius at the Battle of Chalons, the largest of the ancient world.
Aetius was not to enjoy the victory for long. He was killed in 454 at the hands of his employer, who in turn was stabbed to death by the friends of Aetius in 455. As far as the north was concerned, this was the effective end of the Roman Empire there. After some bloody but relatively brief strife, Aetius' former subordinate, Ricimer, became emperor, taking the name of Patricia. His father was a Suebian, his mother a Visigoth princess. The Patrician did not rule out the north directly, but rather set up a client province there, which functioned independently. The capital was in Soissons. Even then, his status was questionable. Many insisted that this was the Kingdom of Soissons.
Previously, the first of the Merovingians, Clodio, was defeated by Aetius around 430. His son, Merovaeus, fought on the Roman side against Attila, and his son, Childeric, served in the region of Soissons. Meanwhile, the Franks gradually penetrate and come to power in this area. They also crossed the Rhine and set up a domain in the former Germania Upper zone with capital in Cologne. They became known as the Ripuarian Franks as opposed to the Salyan Franks. It is unlikely that much of the population movement or displacement has occurred. The former Belgian simply became the Franks.
Events move quickly towards the end of the 5th century. Clovis, son of Childeric, became king of the Salians in 481, ruling from Tournai. In 486 he defeated Syagrius, the last ruler of the region of Soissons, and took northern France. He extended his reign to Cambrai and Tongeren in 490-491, and repulsed the Alamanni in 496. In the same year he converted to non-Arian Christianity.
After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, the Franks under the rule of Clovis I gained control of Western Europe for 496 years. Clovis annexed the kingdom of Cologne in 508. Thereafter, Mainz, in its strategic position, became one of the foundations of the Frankish kingdom. Mainz harbored a Christian community long before the transformation of Clovis. His successor Dagobert I supported the walls of Mainz and made it one of their seats. Solidus Theodebert I (534-548) was minted in Mainz.
The Franks united the Celtic and Germanic tribes of Europe. The greatest Frank of all was Charles (768-814), who built a new empire in Europe, the Holy Roman Empire. Mainz from Centrally located became important to the Empire and Christianity. Meanwhile the change of language gradually worked to divide the Franks. Mainz spoke a dialect called Ripuarian. After the death of Charlemagne, differences between France and Germany began to be made. Mainz was not central anymore, but was on the frontier, creating the question of the nationality to which it belonged, which has descended into modern times, like the question of Alsace-Lorraine.
Christian Mainz
See also: Archbishopric of Mainz 
Mainz Cathedral, western main tower 
St. Stephen's Mainz (St. Stephen's Church in Mainz) is famous for its Marc Chagall windows
In the early Middle Ages, Mainz was the center of the Christianization of the Germanic and Slavic peoples. The first archbishop in Mainz, Boniface was killed in 754 while trying to convert the Frisians to Christianity and was buried in the city of Fulda. Other early archbishops of Mainz include Rabanus Maurus, a scholar and author, and Willigis (975-1011), who began construction on the current building of Mainz Cathedral and founded St. Stephen's Monastery.
Monument to St. Boniface before Mainz Cathedral 
Cathedral of St. Martin in Mainz, on the Wenzel Gollar; ink pen drawing 1632
From the time of Willigis until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Archbishops of Mainz were the archchancellors of the Empire and the most important of the seven Electors of the German Emperor. Apart from Rome, the diocese of Mainz today is the only diocese in the world with a bishopric that is called the Holy See (Holy Sedes). The Archbishops of Mainz have traditionally been Primas Germaniae, substitutes for the Pope north of the Alps.
In 1244 Archbishop Siegfried III commissioned the Mainz city charter, which included the right of citizens to establish and elect a city council. The city saw a feud between two archbishops in 1461, namely Diether von Isenburg, who was elected archbishop by conciliar chapter and with the support of the citizens, and Adolf II von Nassau, who was named archbishop for Mainz by pope. In 1462, Archbishop Adolf II raided the city of Mainz, looting and killing 400 inhabitants. At the trial, those who survived lost all their property, which was then divided among those who promised to follow Adolf II. Those who did not promise to follow Adolf II (among them Johannes Gutenberg) were expelled from the city or thrown into prison. The new archbishop abolished Mainz's city charter and put the city under his immediate rule. Oddly enough, after the death of Adolf II his successor was again Diether von Isenburg, now legally elected head and named pope.
Early Jewish community
The Jewish community of Mainz dates from the 10th century AD. It should be noted for his religious education. Rabbi Gershom ben Judah (960-1040) taught there, among others. He focused on the study of the Talmud, creating the German Jewish tradition. Mainz is also the legendary home of the martyr Rabbi Amnon of Mainz, composer of the Unetanneh Tokef prayer. The Jews of Mainz, Speyer and Worms established a High Council to set standards in Jewish law and education in the 12th century.
The city of Mainz responded to the Jewish population in various ways, behaving, in a sense, in a bipolar fashion towards them. Sometimes they were allowed freedom and were protected, other times they were persecuted. The Jews were expelled in 1012, 1462 (after which they were invited to return), and in 1474. Jews were attacked by mobs in 1283. Outbreaks of the plague usually blame the Jews at what time they were killed, such as the burning of about 6,000 Jews alive in 1349.
Currently, the Jewish community is growing rapidly, and a new synagogue designed by architect Manuel Herz was built in 2010 on the site of one destroyed during the Third Reich. The community itself has 1,034 members, according to the Central Council of Jews in Germany, and at least twice as many Jews total since many of them are non-partisan with Judaism.
Republic of Mainz
Main article: Republic of Mainz
During the French Revolution, the French revolutionary army occupied Mainz in 1792; The Archbishop of Mainz, Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal, had already fled to Aschaffenburg by the time the French marched in. On March 18, 1793, the Jacobins from Mainz, with other German democrats from about 130 cities in the Rhenish Palatinate, proclaimed the "Republic of Mainz". Led by Georg Forster , representatives of the Mainz Republic in Paris asked for the political affiliation of the Mainz Republic with France, but too late: As Prussia was not completely happy with the idea of a democratic free state on German soil, Prussian troops were already occupying the area and laid siege to Mainz by the end of March 1793. After the siege 18 weeks, French troops in Mainz surrendered on July 23, 1793; the Prussians occupied the city and eventually the Republic of Mainz. It came to the Battle of Mainz in 1795 between Austria and France. Members of the Mainz Jacobin Club were mistreated or imprisoned and punished for treason .
Tombstone of Jeanbon Baron de Saint André, Prefect of Napoleonic Mainz
In 1797 the French returned. Napoleon Bonaparte's army occupied German territory west of the Rhine River, and the Treaty of Campo Formio awarded France this entire area. On February 17, 1800, the French List of Departments du Mont-Tonnerre was founded here, with Mainz as its capital, the Rhine River being the new eastern border of La Grande Nation. Austria and Prussia could not but approve of this new frontier with France in 1801. However, after several defeats in Europe over the following years, a weakened Napoleon and his troops were forced to leave Mainz in May 1814.
Rhenish Hesse
In 1816, part of the former French department that is known today as Rhenish Hesse (German: Rheinhessen) was awarded Hesse-Darmstadt, Mainz being the capital of the new Hesse province of Rhenish Hesse. From 1816 to 1866, in the German Confederation, Mainz was the most important fortress in the defense against France, and had a strong garrison of Austrian and Prussian troops.
On the afternoon of November 18, 1857, a massive explosion rocked Mainz when the city's powder magazine, the Pulverturm, exploded. About 150 people were killed and at least 500 were injured; 57 buildings were destroyed and a similar number severely damaged in what was known as the Powder Tower Blast or Powder Blast.
During the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, Mainz was declared a no man's land. not after education German Empire in 1871, Mainz was no longer such an important stronghold, because in the war of 1870/71 France lost the territory of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany, and this defined a new frontier between the two countries.
Industrial expansion
Mainz to the river Rhine (circa 1890)
For centuries, the inhabitants of the Mainz fortress suffered from an acute lack of space, which led to illness and other inconveniences. In 1872, Mayor Karl Wallau and the council of Mainz convinced the military government to sign a contract to expand the city. Beginning in 1874, the city of Mainz assimilated the Gartenfeld, an idyllic area of meadows and fields along the banks of the River Rhine north of the rampart. The city's expansion more than doubled as an urban area, which allowed Mainz to take part in the Industrial Revolution, which had previously shunned the city for decades.
Edward Cray? I.G. there was a person who made it happen. Being a master builder of the city of Mainz since 1865, Crey? rice. had a vision of a new part of the city, Neustadt. He also planned the first sewerage system for the old part of the city since Roman times and persuaded the city authorities to relocate the railway line from the Rhine side to the western part of the city. The main station was built from 1882 to 1884 according to plans by Philipp Johann Berdelle.
Mainz including the extension zone of the river Rhine (1898)
The Mainz architect built a number of state-of-the-art public buildings, including the Mainz city hall - which was the largest of its kind in Germany at the time - as well as a synagogue, the Rhine harbor and a number of public baths and school buildings. Cray? IG's last work was Christ Church (Christuskirche), the largest Protestant church in the city and the first building built exclusively for the use of the Protestant community. In 1905 it was decided to demolish the entire Circumvallation and Rheingauwall to the side, according to the Highest order of Wilhelm II.
20th century
After World War I, the French occupied Mainz between 1919 and 1930 in accordance with the Treaty of Versailles, which came into force on June 28, 1919. The Rhineland (in which Mainz is located) was to be a demilitarized zone until 1935 and the French garrison, representing the Entente, was to remain until no reparations were paid.
In 1923 Mainz participated in the secessionist Rhineland movement that proclaimed a republic in the Rhineland. It collapsed in 1924. The French withdrew on June 30, 1930. Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933 and his political opponents, especially those from the Social Democratic Party, were either imprisoned or killed. Some of them were able to move away from Mainz in time. One was the political organizer for the SPD, Friedrich Kellner, who traveled to Laubach, where as inspector chief judge of the district court he continued his opposition against the Nazis, recording his atrocities in a 900-page diary.
In March 1933, a detachment from the National Socialist Party in Worms brought the party to Mainz. They hoisted the swastika on all public buildings and began to denounce the Jewish population in the newspapers. In 1936, the forces of the Third Reich returned to the Rhineland with great fanfare, the first move of the Third Reich's meteor expansion. The former Entente took no action.
During World War II the citadel in Mainz hosted the Oflag XII-B POW camp.
The Bishop of Mainz created an organization to help Jews flee Germany.
During World War II, over 30 air raids destroyed about 80 percent of the city center, including most of the historic buildings. Mainz was captured on 22 March 1945 against uneven German resistance (strong in some sectors and weak in other parts of the city) by the 90th Infantry Division under William A. McNulty, in the formation of XII Corps under the Third Army under General George S. Patton, the younger Patton used an ancient strategic gateway, through Germany Superior to cross the Rhine south of Mainz, driving down the Danube to Czechoslovakia and ending up the possibility of a Bavarian redoubt across the Alps into Austria when the war was over. Regarding the Roman road over which Patton attacked Trier, he said:
one could almost smell the coppery sweat and see the low clouds of dust where these absolute fighters advanced into battle.
From 1945 to 1949, the city was part of the French zone of occupation. When was the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate founded on August 30, 1946 by the commander of the French army in the French occupation zone, Marie Pierre K? NIG, Mainz became the capital of the new state. In 1962 the memoirist, Friedrich Kellner, returned to spend his last years in the city of Mainz. His life in Mainz, as well as the influence of his work, is the subject of the Canadian documentary My Opposition: The Diaries of Friedrich Kellner.
Following the withdrawal of French troops from Mainz, the United States Army of Europe occupied military bases in Mainz. Today USAREUR only occupies the McCully Barracks in Wackernheim and the Mainz sand dunes at the training ground. Mainz is home to the headquarters of the Bundeswehr's Wehrbereichskommando II and other divisions.
Urban
Mainz skyline May 2007, from the Southern railway bridge over the Rhine looking north Mainz 2011, Schiller looking southeast 
Markt Schusterstra? e
Architecture
The destruction caused by the bombing of Mainz during World War II led to the largest building boom in the city's history. During the last war in Germany, over 30 air raids destroyed about 80 percent of the city center, including most of the historic buildings. The devastating attack on the afternoon of 27 February 1945 remains the most devastating of all 33 bombings Mainz suffered in World War II in the collective memory of the majority of the then population. The air raid caused most of the dead and made the already hard-hit city mostly flatten out.
Town Hall by Jacobsen
Nevertheless, the post-war reconstruction was very slow. While cities such as Frankfurt were rebuilt quickly, there were only scattered individual actions in civilian Mainz. The reason for this is that the French wanted Mainz to expand and become a model city. Mainz lay in the French-controlled sector of Germany and it was the French architect and urban planner, Marcel Lods, who produced Le Corbusier's plan in the style of ideal architecture aspiring to spirituality. But the very first interest of the residents was the restoration of residential areas. Even after the failure of the city planning model, it was the initiative of the French (foundation of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, elevation of Mainz to the capital of Rhineland-Palatinate, early resumption of the Mainz carnival) driving the city into a positive development after the war. City Plan 1958 Ernst May allowed regulated reconstruction for the first time. In 1950 the seat of government of Rhineland-Palatinate was moved to the new Mainz and in 1963 the seat of the new ZDF, famous architects were Adolf Bayer, Richard Jörg and Egon Hartmann. At the time of the two millennium anniversary in 1962, the city was largely rebuilt. In the 1950s-1960s Oberstadt was extended, Munchfeld and Lerchenberg added as suburbs, Altstadttangente (old town crossing), new districts like Westring and Südring contributed to the expansion. By 1970, only a few ruins remained. The New City Hall of Mainz was designed by Arne Jacobsen and completed by Dissing + Weitling. The city was Jacobsens activity for the Danish Novo erection of a new office and warehouse building to contact him. The urban renewal of the old city has changed the inner city. In preparation for the millennium cathedrals, pedestrian areas were developed around the cathedral, heading north to Neubrunnenplatz and south through Leichhof to Augustinerstra? e and Kirschgarten. The 1980s brought a renewal of the facades on the Markt and the new part of the city district on Kastrich. In the 1990s Kisselberg between Gonsenheim and Bretzenheim, in the "Fort Malakoff Centre" on the site of the old police barracks, the reopening of the railway station and the demolition of the first post-war shopping center in Markt followed by the erection of a new historic building on the same site.
Main attractions
Deutschhaus, Parliament House of Rhineland-Palatinate 
Kaiserstra? e ("Emperor Street") from the boulevard and Christuskirche 
Theodor Heuss bridge 
Interior of the Augustinian Church
- Romano-Germanic Central Museum (Romano-Germanic Zentralmuseum). It is home to Roman, medieval and earlier artefacts. Museum of Ancient Navigation (Mech Museum Antike Schifffahrt). It is the remains of five Roman ships from the end of the 4th century, discovered in 1980. Roman remains, including Jupiter's columns, Drusus' mausoleum, the ruins of a theater and aqueduct. Mainz St. Martin's Cathedral (Dome), over 1,000 years old. .Wood Tower (Holzturm, former timber market tower), gate tower 15th century Gutenberg Museum - showcases the original Gutenberg Bible among many other printed books from the 15th century and later Mainz Old Town - what remains of it, the block south of the cathedral survived World War II Electoral Palace (Kurfürstliches Schloss), residence of the Elector Marktbrunnen, one of the largest Renaissance fountains in Germany Domus Universitatis (1615), for many centuries the tallest building in Mainz Christ Church ( Christuskirche), Built 1898-1903, bombed in 1945 and rebuilt in 1948-1954 Church of St. Stephen, with post-war windows by Marc Chagall Citadel. onborner Hof (1668). Rococo churches of St. Augustine (in Augustinerkirche, Mainz) and St. Peter's (Petruskirche, Mainz). Church of St. Ignatius (1763). Erthaler Hof (1743) Baroque Bassenheimer Hof (1750) Botanical Garden der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, botanical garden maintained by the University Landesmuseum Mainz, State Museum with archeology and art. Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (ZDF) - one of the largest public German TV broadcaster
- Kunsthalle Mainz - contemporary art museum
Administration
The city of Mainz is divided into 15 local districts according to the basic law of the city of Mainz. Each local district has a district administration of 13 members and is directly elected by the mayor, who is the chairman of the district administration. This local council decides on important issues affecting the neighborhood, however, the final decision on the new policy is made by the Mainz municipal council.
According to section 29 paragraph 2 of the Local Government Act of Rhineland-Palatinate, which states municipalities have more than 150,000 inhabitants, the city council has 60 members.
The districts of the city are:
Until 1945, the districts of Bischofsheim (now an independent city), Ginsheim-Gustavsburg (which together are an independent city) belonged to Mainz. The former suburbs of Amöneburg, Kastel, and Kostheim - (in short, ACC) are currently administered by the city of Wiesbaden (on the north bank of the river). The ACC was separated from Mainz when the Rhine was designated as the boundary between the French zone of occupation (later the state of Rhineland-Palatinate) and the US zone of occupation (Hesse) in 1945.
Coat of arms
Main article: Mainz wheel
The coat of arms of Mainz is derived from the coat of arms of the archbishops of Mainz and includes two six-spoked silver discs joined by a silver cross on a red background.
Mainz Rad and Mainz 05 flags on Domplatz
culture
Mainz is home to a carnival, the Mainzer Fassenacht or Faßnacht, which has developed since the early 19th century. The Mainz carnival has its roots in criticism of social and political injustices under the guise of lids and bells. Today, the uniforms of many traditional carnival clubs are still imitated and caricatured by the uniforms of the French and Prussian troops of the past. The height of carnival season is on Rosenmontag ("rose Monday"), when there is a big parade in Mainz, with over 500,000 people celebrating in the streets.
The first ever Katholikentag, a festival as a gathering of German Catholics, was held in Mainz in 1848.
Forum Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
Johannes Gutenberg, credited with inventing the modern movable type printing press, was born here and died here. Mainz University, which was subdued in 1946, is named after Gutenberg; the earlier University of Mainz that dates back to 1477 was closed by Napoleonic troops in 1798.
Mainz was one of three important centers of Jewish theology and learning in Central Europe during the Middle Ages. Known collectively as Noise, the cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz played a key role in the preservation and dissemination of Talmudic scholarship.
The city is the site of Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (literally, "Second German Television", ZDF), one of the two federal national television broadcasters. There are also several radio stations based in Mainz.
Other cultural aspects of the city include:
- As a city in the Greater Region, Mainz participates in the 2007 European Capital of Culture program of the year. Walk of Fame Cabaret can be found next to Schiller. The music publisher Schott Music is based in Mainz. One of the oldest copper tool manufacturers in the world, Gebr. Alexander is in Mainz. Stiftung Lesen is not a profit basis for improving reading competencies.
Education
- University of Mainz University of Applied Sciences Mainz Catholic University of Applied Sciences Mainz
Sport
The local football club 1. Mainz 05 has a long history in the German football leagues. Since 2004, he has participated in Fu? Ball-Bundesliga (First German football league), except for a break in the second tier in the 2007-2008 season. In the summer of 2011, the club opened a new stadium called Coface Arena.
Local wrestling club ASV Mainz 1888 is currently in Germany's top division wrestling team, the Bundesliga. In 1973, 1977 and 2012 the ASV Mainz 1888 won the German championship.
In 2007, Mainz Athletic won the German Men's Baseball Championship.
As a result of the 2008 invasion of Georgia by Russian troops, Mainz acted as a neutral venue for the Georgian Vs Ireland football match.
Economy
Center Bonifatius building
Wine center
Mainz is one of the centers of the German wine economy as a center for the wine trade and the seat of the state's wine minister. Due to the importance and history of the wine industry for a federal state, Rhineland-Palatinate is the only state to have such a department.
Since 2008, the city has also been a member of the Great Wine Capitals Global Network (GWC), an association of famous wine culture cities of the world. Many wine traders also work in the city. The sparkling wine producer Kupferberg is produced in Mainz-Hechtsheim and even Henkel - now located on the other side of the river Rhine - was founded back in Mainz. The famous Blue Noon, one of the first branded wines, was on the market of the sabrefish family.
Mainz has been a viticulture area since Roman times and the image of the wine city of Mainz is stimulated by being a tourist center. The Haus des Deutschen Weines (English: German Wine Theatre) is located in next to the theatre. It is the seat of the German Wine Academy, the German Wine Institute (DWI) and the German Wine Foundation (DWF). The Mainzer Weinmarkt (wine market) is one of the biggest wine fairs in Germany.
Other industries
Schott AG, one of the world's largest glass manufactures, and Werner & Merz, a large chemical plant, are based in Mainz. Other companies such as IBM, Quinn Plastics, or Novo Nordisk have their German administration in Mainz as well.
Johann Joseph Krug, founder of France's famous Krug champagne house in 1843, was born in Mainz in 1800.
Transport
View in Rheinreede, Container Cranes 2007 set out in 2010.
Mainz is a major transport hub in southern Germany. It is an important component in European distribution, as it has the fifth largest intermodal port in Germany. The port of Mainz, now handling mostly containers, is a significant industrial area north of the city, on the banks of the Rhine. In order to open space along the city's waterfront towards residential development, it was moved further north in 2010.
Rail
Aerial view of Mainz
Mainz Central Station or Mainz Hauptbahnhof, is visited by 80,000 tourists and visitors every day and is therefore one of the busiest 21 stations in Germany. This is a stop for the S-Bahn line S8 from the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund. In addition, the Mainbahn line to Frankfurt Hbf starts at the station. It served 440 daily local and regional trains (StadtExpress, RZ and RB) and 78 long distance trains (IC, EC and ICE). Intercity-Express lines connect Mainz with Frankfurt (Main), Karlsruhe Hbf, Worms Hauptbahnhof and Koblenz Hauptbahnhof. It is the terminus of the West Rhine railway and the Mainz-Ludwigshafen railway, as well as the Alzey-Mainz railway erected by the Hessische Ludwigsbahn in 1871. Access to the East Rhine railway is provided by the Kaiserbrucke, a railway bridge over the Rhine at the northern end of the city of Mainz.
Operational use
Public transport
The station is an exchange point for the Mainz tram network, and an important bus hub for the city and the region (RNN, ORN and MVG).
A ride on the bicycle
Mainz offers a wide range of cycling vehicles and activities, including several miles of on-street bike lanes. The Rheinradweg (Rhine cycling route) is an international cycling route that runs from the source to the mouth of the Rhine river, crossing four countries over a distance of 1,300 kilometers (810 miles). Another bike tour runs towards Bingen and further onto the Middle Rhine, a UNESCO World Heritage Site (2002).
Air Transport
Mainz is served by Frankfurt Airport, the busiest airport by passenger traffic in Germany today, the third busiest in Europe and the ninth busiest worldwide in 2009. Located about 10 miles (16 kilometers) east of Mainz, it is connected to the city via the S-Bahn line.
The small Mainz Finthen Airport, located just 3 kilometers (5 miles) southwest of Mainz, is used by general aviation only. Another airport, Frankfurt Hahn Airport is located about 50 miles (80 km) west of Mainz, served by several low-cost carriers.
Famous people
- List of people associated with Mainz Archbishops of Mainz List of mayors of Mainz
International connections
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany
Mainz is twinned with:
Alternative titles
Mainz is called by several different names in other languages and dialects. These are: Maanz or Meenz in the local West Middle German dialect, and Mentz in English or French: Mainz in French. The latter name was also used in English, but this usage of Mainz has almost completely disappeared, although Google Maps and Google Earth use it. Other names for this city are: Italian: Magonza, Spanish: Maguncia, Portuguese: Moguncia, Polish: Moguncja, Latin: Mogontiacum/Moguntiacum, Yiddish: (Magentza)???? and Czech: Mohuc, Slovak: Mohuc.
Links and notes
"Bevolkerung der Gemeinden i 31.12.2012". Statistisches Bundesamt (In German). year 2013. Mainz # Further Reading Olaf Hockmann: Mainz lov Romische Hafenstadt. R. 87-106. in: Michael J. Klein (Editor): Die Romer und MSME Erbe. Fortschritt Durch Innovation und Integration. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2003, ISBN 3-8053-2948-2. "Mainz historical average weather." Intellicast. June 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2009. The earliest certain evidence for the existence of Mogontiacum is the story of the death and funeral of Nero Claudius Drusus, brother of the future emperor, Tiberius, cited in the life of Suetonius 'Drusus. Few leaders were as well liked and as popular as Drusus. He fell from his horse in 9 BC. AD, contracted gangrene and was delayed by a few days.His brother Tiberius reached him for several days riding post horses over the Roman roads and served as chief mourner, walking with the deceased in a funeral procession from the summer camp where he fell on Mogontiacum, where the soldiers insisted on a funeral.The body was transported to Rome, cremated at Campus Martis and the ashes placed in the tomb of Augustus, who was still alive, and wrote poetry and delivered a state eulogy for him.If Drusus founded Mogontiacum the earliest date is the start of his campaign, 13 BC Some suggest that Mogontiacum was built in one of two previous possibilities, one when Marcus Agrippa campanus ju in the region in 42 BC. or by Julius Caesar himself after 58 BC. The lack of evidence plays a role in favor of 13 BC. No sources cite Mogontiacum before 13 BC, no legions are known to have been stationed there, and no coins survive. [this citation needs a citation] von Elba, Joachim (1975). Roman Germany: a guide to places and museums. Mainz: P. von Zabern. R. 253. The second hypothesis suggests that Moguns was a wealthy Celt whose property was taken for the fort and that the tax district was formed on an area parallel to other tax districts with the -iacum suffix (Arenacum, Mannaricium). There is no evidence for this supposedly wealthy man or his possessions, but there is plenty for God. According to Karl Darling Buck in A Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, - years - and - to - common Indo-European formations suffice and are not connected with taxes. As the loyalty of the Vangiones was unquestioned and Drusus was campaigning across the Rhine, it is unlikely that Mogontiacum would have been built to collect taxes from the Vangiones, who were not Roman Municipium. Michael Kulikowski, "Barbarians in Gaul, Usurpers in Britain" Britannia 31 (2000:325-345). Tuchman, Barbara Wertheim. Distant mirror. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-307-29160-8. Retrieved August 27, 2011. de: Neue Synagoge Mainz A modern German view might be: "French Jacobine puppet state". Jean-Denis G.G. Lepage: French Fortifications, 1715-1815: An Illustrated History of McFarland November 30, 2009 at Stanton, Shelby, World War II Combat: A Collegiate Guide to the US Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939-1946, Stackpole Books (revised edition 2006 year), p. 164 George S. Patton, War, How Did I Know It Was Original Text K? NiG to order #57; as can be found at Landeshauptarchiv Rhineland-Palatinate (main-archive of Rhineland-Palatinate) History of Mainz Cathedral Aerial view of total destruction from repeated US and Air Force bombardments of the city; Photographer: Margaret Bourke-White. Aerial view of the bomb-damaged theatre, St. Quintins church, St. Johannis church and the old university campus after the Allied air attack. Aerial view of Mainz-Neustadt and the port of Mainz for Life magazine Eric Paul Mumford: CIAM Discourse on urbanism 1928-1960 p. 159 Jeffrey M. Diefendorf: In the Wake of War: Reconstruction of German Cities After World War II 2 p. 357 Plan for the reconstruction of the German city of Mainz Marseille Lods 1947 in: Carl Fingerhuth: Learning from China: Tao city r. 59 Culture and history (from the website of the Mainz city council. Accessed 2008-02-10.) Capitals, "Rhine cycle route". Euroregion Rhine-Waal. Retrieved November 25, 2011. a b "How to get to Mainz". Landeshauptstadt Mainz. "Ciudades Hermanadas con Valencia" [Valencia Twin / Twin Cities]. Ajuntament de Valencia [City of Valencia] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2012-10-23. Retrieved 2013-08-08. "Sister cities of Azerbaijan". Azerbaijanis. com. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
Sources
- Hope Valerie. Identity building: Roman funerary monuments of Aquelia, Mainz and Nimes; British Archaeological Records (Juli 16, 2001) ISBN 978-1-84171-180-5 Imhof, Michael and Simone Kestin: Mainz City and cathedral leadership. Petersberg: Michael Imhof Verlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-937251-93-6 Mainz ("Vierteljahreshefte fur Kultur, Politik, Wirtschaft, Geschichte"), from 1981 Saddington, Denis. Deployment of Auxiliary Regiments in Upper Germania in the Julio-Claudian Period Stanton, Shelby, World War II Combat: A Collegiate Guide to the US Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939-1946 (Revised edition, 2006), Stackpole Books ISBN 978-0-8117 -0157-0
additional literature
- "Mainz", Rhine from Rotterdam to Konstanz, Leipsic: Carl Baedeker, 1882, OCLC 7416969
The article has been translated automatically.
The ancient German city of Mainz with a population of over 209 thousand people is the capital of the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Located on the west bank of the Rhine. This is an important industrial center of the region, known throughout the world for its wineries and a significant center of culture and science for the country. In 2011, it received the title of City of Science. On the other side of the river is the spa town of Wiesbaden.
One of the best universities in the country operates in Mainz, and the offices of well-known television and radio companies are located. It was J. Gutenberg, a native of the city, who created European typography. Today it plays a significant role in the political, economic and cultural life of the country. The city, which is more than two millennia old, is visited annually by thousands of tourists from different countries to get acquainted with local attractions.
At the beginning of our era, where Mainz is now, there was a large Roman military settlement. He had his own religious buildings, one of which included a sculptural column, which was dedicated to the god Jupiter. This unique monument from the period of the Roman Empire was discovered by chance among the fragments left after archaeological excavations.
During the year, scientists collected the column, which is exhibited in the Roman-Germanic Museum of the city. It is believed that the column was made by the Romans in the first century. It belongs to the most complex and well-preserved artifacts of the ancient Roman era.
Location: Mainz Republic space.
One of the most memorable sightseeing events of this German city is the famous local carnival, which begins every year on Shrove Tuesday. This holiday shows the Germans are not as dry and reserved as some people think. For three days the city is full of wild fun, captivating the citizens and guests of Mainz.
To achieve good luck in business, it is customary in the Rhine to “wash” wallets early on Wednesday morning during the carnival.
In the historic center of the city stands the majestic Cathedral of Saints Martin and Stephen, often called Mainzen. It impresses with an abundance of naves and chapels, various sculptures, and a luxurious difference. Several organs play here. The temple is over a thousand years old.
The cathedral is considered one of the richest in the Christian world. Its numerous restorations after the destruction preserved in architecture, in addition to the Romanesque basis, Gothic elements and solutions typical of the Renaissance and Baroque. The interiors of the cathedral are rich in works of sacred art that have been collected for hundreds of years.
Location: Markt - 10.
The current Carmelite monastery was founded in the 13th century. The main church was built in the next century. The temple experienced destruction, fires and arson. During the Second World War, the facades were seriously damaged by Allied bombing.
The monks made a lot of efforts to restore the monastery. The inflicted damage was quickly and efficiently eliminated. Today, tourists have the opportunity to see architectural elements monastery, medieval paintings and bas-reliefs, as well as a unique medieval altar.
Location: Karmeliterstrasse - 7.
In the 19th century, a bridge was built across the Rhine, connecting the center of Mainz with its area on the opposite bank. Once upon a time, the crossing of the ancient Romans worked on this place, the foundation of which has survived to this day.
The constructed wide and graceful bridge 475 meters long has become an ornament of the city. Its spans are decorated with colorful mosaic panels, beautiful lanterns are installed on both sides of the roadway. Partially destroyed during the war, after the restoration of the bridge, it received the name of the first President of Germany, Theodor Heuss.
This beautiful baroque palace, built in 1730, was intended for the Master of the Teutonic Organ. Later it was called the German house. It is known for the fact that after the conquest of German lands by Napoleon Bonaparte, the palace became the residence of the French emperor.
After the departure of the French troops, one of the Grand Dukes lived in it. Currently, the Mainz parliament and city administration services work in the German House.
Location: Platz der Mainzer Republik - 1.
The building of the armory was built on the banks of the Rhine in the middle of the 18th century. It is decorated with a sculptural image of Mars, the god of war. Nearby is the coat of arms of the elector, shields, flags and various military symbols. This place was of great strategic importance.
Near it there was a military town with soldiers' barracks, there was a pontoon bridge, defensive structures of the fortress wall. The armory is currently used as a city office. Access to it is limited. However, this does not prevent you from admiring the surrounding views.
The famous native of Mainz J. Gutenberg is known as a pioneer of European book printing. One of the memorable symbols of the city is a bronze monument erected to it in 1837.
Its author is the Danish sculptor B. Torvaljen. Over time, the monument was damaged by corrosion and cracks in the metal. During a two-year restoration from 2008 to 2010, German metal restoration experts meticulously restored the monument to its original appearance.
Location: Gutenbergpl - 5.
Here in the Middle Ages there was a place of shopping arcades. Surrounded by greenery, the area has a triangular shape. It received its current name after the installation of a monument to F. Schiller in 1962.
Around it are many wonderful baroque houses, decorated with rich vegetation and gardens. In 1967, a carnival fountain was placed on the square, depicting participants in the traditional Mainzen masquerade procession. From here begins the pedestrian zone in the city center.
Location: Chillerplatz - 4.
This building was built on the site of the old traditional medieval town hall, which was damaged during the Second World War. Built in the 70s of the last century, it is not a masterpiece of architecture.
This is a functional building. gray color, built on the banks of the Rhine, has a clear, modern geometry. It is unusual among old buildings in the central part of the city. Its notable feature is that it is not only a city management structure, but also a modern cultural center.
Location: Rhinestrasse.
This brightly colored building, decorated with various allegorical symbols, is considered to be one of the most valuable city sights of the Renaissance period. Its creation on the market square in the 16th century is associated with hard times, when the townspeople needed drinking water and support.
Symbols depicted on it, such as the Scales of Justice, hourglass and skulls and others said that nothing under the moon lasts forever. For more than one century, lovers have met near this fountain, Meissenians spend their free time.
Location: Korbgäßchen.
The Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainzen is one of the ten largest German universities. This is, in fact, a city within a city where they live and study 35 thousand students. The university has ten departments, where specialists are trained in a variety of areas, ranging from theology and medicine to chemistry and geographical disciplines.
The university has one and a half hundred institutes and clinics of the medical department, as well as the Higher Schools of Music and Arts. It is among the first in the exchange of students with foreign universities and in the number of foreign students studying. Education is free.
It was created on the basis of the city Institute of Archeology and placed in the Electoral Palace, which is also called the Elector's Palace. This is a beautiful building with a gabled roof, turrets, narrow vaulted windows richly decorated with bas-reliefs.
The museum has a huge number of exhibits related to the activities of the Romans in the city. Visitors are given the opportunity to get acquainted with the work of restorers.
This Catholic church was founded in the 10th century, then destroyed and in XVIII century was built in its present form. It is considered one of the most important city monuments, combining austerity with early baroque luxury. During an air raid in 1942, the church was badly damaged.
The ancient organ and unique frescoes were lost. In the post-war years, the temple was restored. In the 20th and 21st centuries, an altar decorated with paintings and bronze sculptures was installed. Organ music concerts are held in the current church on weekends.
Location: Petersstraße - 3.
On the highest city hill rises the Catholic parish church of St. Stephen. It was founded by a prominent statesman and church figure, the head of the German church, Archbishop Willigis. This temple is considered the oldest among the Gothic temples of the city.
It is notable for the fact that in 1973 the great Marc Chagall created unusual stained-glass windows that have no analogues in Germany for him. Several windows for the facade of the church, which the artist managed to create before his death, are made in bright blue colors on the themes of biblical scenes. In 2013, the church received the most modern organ.
Location: Kleine Weißgasse - 12.
The city of Mainz in Germany is one of the oldest territories in the country with a rich history and culture. It was founded before the new era by the Romans. Previously, the city was called Mogontiacium, in honor of the ancient god Mogon. Soon after its formation, it became one of the three centers of the region. Currently, the population of the city of Mainz in Germany is more than two hundred thousand people, and the area of the territory is about one hundred square kilometers.
Mainz Tourism
Thanks to the fact that the city was founded by the Romans, many sights from the times of the empire have been preserved in Mainz.
The settlement itself is small and quite cozy - it is an ideal place for family tourism or for those people who love peace and quiet.
There are several ways to get to the city. The first - the fastest, but the most expensive - is a plane to Frankfurt, and then a bus to Mainz itself. Fortunately, the cities are only 30 kilometers from each other. The second way is a railway crossing. Of course, the city of Mainz in Germany can be reached by private transport.
The city has a fairly large number of hotels, so there will be no difficulties with accommodation. Shoppers will also have something to do here - Mainz is full of various kinds of shops.
Once in this wonderful city, every tourist should try two traditional Mainz products: Spundekäse and Handkäse cheeses.
Cathedral in Mainz, Germany
The most famous landmark of the city is the Mainz Cathedral. It was built in the Romanesque style with elements of Baroque and Gothic, which is typical for its construction. Its construction began in the tenth century and lasted more than two centuries. Its other name is the Cathedral of St. Martin and St. Stephen. It exhibits many works of medieval sculpture and a collection of religious heritage.
Church of Christ
This church was erected much later than the Mainz Cathedral and was built in opposition to it. The Church of Christ is a Protestant church. During the Second World War, it was badly damaged and its restoration began only in 1952. Now the church building is a place where various exhibitions, concerts, etc. are held.
Gutenberg Museum
It was in Mainz that the pioneer printer was born. All excursions around the city must pass through the museum named after him. Johann's personal belongings are exhibited here, as well as his printing house and hand press. He began his printing activity in the 40s of the 15th century. In general, in Mainz, a street is named after Gutenberg and much more, this is not surprising, because he made a great contribution to the history of not only Germany, but the whole world.
Museum of Ancient Shipping
There are very few museums of ancient shipping like the one in Mainz in the world, which is why it attracts so much attention. Here are warships, ordinary boats and canoes from the time of the Roman Empire. It is noteworthy that some of these ships were discovered during the construction of the hotel.
In general, the city of Mainz in Germany is of great interest to curious tourists. In addition to those attractions that have already been listed, there are such famous architectural buildings as the Theodore Bridge over the Rhine River, an art gallery, a historical city museum and much more. Mainz also regularly hosts various festivals and carnivals. One of them is Johannisnacht. The festival is organized in the middle of summer. During it, the audience can attend musical and theatrical performances, pyrotechnic and light shows.
A large number of people come to the city of Mainz in order to look at local universities. The city has quite a lot of students from all over Europe.
University of Mainz (Germany)
Mainz University is one of the most popular and largest educational institutions in the country. The university itself is divided into ten departments, and more than 35,000 students study at it.
The university has a rich history. It was founded in 1477 on the initiative of the local Archbishop Adolf II. Education was suspended in 1792 due to the war between Prussia and the Republic of Mainz. The university restored its work only after the Second World War thanks to the French authorities.
The educational institution specializes in Moreover, since 2007 it has been ranked first in this indicator. More than 15% of students are foreigners, education is free for them, and this attracts many.
Life in Mainz (Germany) is very diverse and interesting, many tourists come here for several weeks for the sake of the atmosphere of the most family and bright holiday, on Christmas Eve. For the residents of Mainz, this is a special holiday, on the eve of which the local market begins its work. People from all over Germany come here for various authentic goods: leather goods, Christmas decorations, farm products, etc.
The city of Mainz is the oldest city, one of the cultural centers of the country. It has an interesting history, and any tourist will feel incredibly comfortable here. That is why the city is very popular and famous.
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