Fungicides are chemicals used to control fungal plant diseases. List of drugs, instructions for use, reviews. Fungicides for plants What is a biological fungicide

Most gardeners throughout their practice have repeatedly encountered fungicides, and in this article we will reveal the focus of these funds, as well as their various classifications in more detail. The term fungicide consists of two Latin words, one of which is translated as a mushroom, and the second is a verb in the present tense "I kill." From this it is easy to conclude that horticultural fungicides are used to combat (or prevent) all kinds of fungal diseases. There are a great many different fungicides designed for soil, seeds, plants themselves, and so on. Today we will talk about how to choose and apply fungicides for plants correctly.

At the moment there is a large number of classifications of fungicides based on the active substance, chemical properties and the nature of their action. Of course, within the framework of one article, we will not be able to outline the entire range of drugs and their features, so we will focus on the main and most significant points.

Active substance

Depending on the dominant active substance, modern fungicides are divided into several main groups.

Copper preparations

Fungicides containing copper in their composition include such famous and commonly available products as Bordeaux mixture and copper sulfate. This group also includes Kurzat, Oxyhom and Ordan. Such products have a universal status and can be used both for soil cultivation and for processing plants, whether it is a greenhouse, pot or open ground. Most copper preparations are fungicides of contact action.

Sulfur preparations

Sulfur-containing fungicides have proven effective on tree bark and berry bushes. However, in reality, the scope of such funds is much wider - they can be used to successfully fumigate storage areas for fruits and planting material, thereby preventing the growth of fungi that claim to be on cellar walls.

Sulfur preparations include:

cumulus;
thiovit jet;
sulfur garden.

Strobilurins

These fungicides are a relatively recent invention based on naturally occurring toxins derived from a microorganism called Strobilurus tenacellus. Strobilurins are "practiced" mainly on pome crops, such as apple or pear. They also process fruits during long-term storage.

The group of strobilurins includes:

Acrobat MC;
Tattu;
Profile Gold;
Amistar.

Carboxins

This group includes fungicides that have in their composition the active compound carboxin, which disrupts the vital processes of fungi and leads to their rapid death. Carboxins are used to treat mainly mature plants. The specificity of the action of carboxins does not allow their use on young plants, since they can inhibit their development.

Carboxins include such well-known drugs as:

Vitaros;
Previkur.

Benzimidazoles

Fungicides of the benzimidazole group were among the first to be used as truly universal agents that effectively work with different groups of plants and fungi. Benzimidazoles act on fungi at the cellular level, disrupting metabolic processes in the cell and thereby quickly stopping the further spread of the fungus. These drugs are used in three main areas:

dressing seeds before planting;
fruit processing before storage;
protection of fruit bushes.

There are three main types of benzimidazoles on the market:

Benorade;
Fundazim.

Mode of action

Fungicides can be divided into three broad groups according to their mode of action:

contact;
systemic;
combined.

Contact

Contact fungicides have a superficial effect without being absorbed into the vascular system of plants. Such funds must be renewed after each rainfall, since as they are washed away, there is no trace of the former effect. This, however, does not lead to the conclusion that they are useless. One of the main strengths of contact fungicides is the inability of fungi to develop resistance to them.

The group of contact fungicides includes such agents as:

Bordeaux liquid;
polycarbocin;
sulfur garden;
copper oxychloride.

When working with such drugs, it is important to consider the following features:

in one season, three to six treatments are required with contact preparations, which leads to their rapid consumption;
since the products are not able to move through the plant on their own, it is important to manually apply them so that there are no untreated and vulnerable places for fungi on the plant;
both the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf are sprayed. Most fungi begin to multiply precisely from below, which makes them invisible to the gardener's eyes at first, and therefore more dangerous;
contact fungicides are not able to cure an already diseased plant - they are used exclusively for preventive purposes to prevent the disease.

Systemic

Systemic fungicides have a complex effect on the plant, as they penetrate into its shoots and spread throughout the "body" with the help of the already mentioned vascular system. Unlike contact agents, systemic agents can play the role of medicines, preventing an already developing fungus. However, their sphere of influence is also not unlimited - a successful result can be expected only if the system tool was applied on early stages fungus development.

The group of systemic fungicides includes a large number of fungicides, some of which we have already considered:

Triazoles;
Strobirulins;
Benzimidazoles;
Phenylamides;
Pyrimidinylcarbinols;
Phosphonates and so on.

When working with systemic fungicides, it is important to consider a number of their nuances:

systemic remedies retain their effectiveness for 15-20 days - more frequent treatments will not lead to an improvement in the result, but can harm the plant;
fungi quickly develop "immunity" to systemic fungicides, which leads the grower to apply all new products. To extend the validity of the same remedy, you need to use it in moderation - twice per season on a particular crop;
when using systemic tools, you can alternate them - this will allow you to "outwit" the fungus. However, it is imperative to use a fungicide from another group, otherwise the fungus will retain its resistance.

Systemic and contact fungicides are not mutually exclusive - they can be combined with each other during the processing of plants. Moreover, many experts advise to do just that and use contact fungicides for prevention, and systemic ones for targeted control of the identified fungus.

Video - Using the systemic fungicide "Skor"

Combined

There are also drugs that inherit the properties of both groups. Such universality may seem strange - how can two drugs with a reciprocal mode of action lead to the creation of a successful "hybrid"? However, a group of fungicides that combine the strengths of contact and system tools, is large enough and includes the following items:

Sandofan M8;
Kurzat R. Odram;
Polyram DF;
Aviksil;
Ridomil Gold MC;
Arcerid.

From contact agents, such fungicides borrow the point method of application and the frequency of treatment, and from systemic agents, the ability to move through the plant with the help of its vessels.

Compound

According to their composition, fungicides are divided into two large groups:

chemical;
biological.

If we briefly outline the difference between both types of these funds, then it lies in the degree of toxicity. Chemical fungicides pose more harm and danger to humans (which is offset by their rapid effect on the fungus). Biological effects on fungal diseases are more mild, but their action is distinguished by its short duration.

We describe in more detail about these two types of drugs and fungicides related to each type below.

Popular fungicides

Table 1. Fungicides for plants

Name	Features of use
	The drug has a wide range of applications and can be successfully combined with other fungicides. In addition to protecting against fungal diseases, it helps to increase the yield. Used for plants both in greenhouses and in open field. Quadris is toxic to some apple varieties.
	A drug that combines the functions of systemic and contact fungicides. Not recommended for mixing with other drugs. Effectively fights late blight, macrosporiosis, and downy mildew. Used on potatoes, tomatoes and cucumbers
	Universal drug. Retains its qualities for two hours after preparation. When released into the soil, it quickly decomposes without causing soil contamination.
	A systemic drug that helps plants fight the fungus in the initial stages of the development of the disease. Complimentary with all major fertilizers and growth stimulants (with the exception of products with an alkaline reaction). Used for processing plants and planting material
	Universal preparation suitable for processing garden trees, as well as vegetable, fruit and ornamental crops. Hom treatment is not carried out during flowering, as well as at high air temperatures (above 30 degrees). When working with a fungicide, it is strictly forbidden to allow it to enter water bodies due to its high toxicity.
	The preparation of contact action, suitable for almost all plants. The action of vitriol persists for the next one and a half weeks, after which the tool needs to be updated. Activated two hours after application to the plant. Not used during flowering
	A drug used to prevent both fungal and bacterial diseases in the soil or in the plants themselves. Equally effective in working with home and garden plants. Hamair treatment should be carried out no more than once a week. Compatible with other fungicides, insecticides and growth promoters

Rules for the use of fungicides

When working with fungicides, it is important to know their important features. An inexperienced gardener, when using these tools, risks harming himself and the plant in the absence of the necessary knowledge. In this regard, the use of each fungicide should begin with reading the instructions.

If we talk about general rules use of these drugs, they are as follows:

treatment of plants with fungicides should be carried out only in special clothing that protects the skin from possible contact with the substance. The grower will also need gloves and (preferably) goggles to minimize the chance of burns. After processing the plants, the "uniform" used is erased;
the solution is prepared immediately before its use;
the most suitable time for processing plants is early morning or evening. Spraying in direct sunlight is undesirable. It is also undesirable to have precipitation, which, when using contact fungicides, will reduce their effectiveness to zero;
when using a spray gun, it is necessary to set it to a fine spray. The jet itself must go from below or from above;
when processing plants whose green mass subsequently goes into cooking, the use of chemical fungicides is strictly prohibited. Such preparations contain components that are toxic to both animals and humans;
fungicide treatment fruit plants carried out before or after flowering. At the time of laying the fruit, spraying stops;
it is important to choose airtight containers for storing fungicides, since poorly sealed powders will gradually poison the room in which they are located.

Application of fungicides

There are three main methods that gardeners use when treating plants or planting material with fungicides:

pickling. This processing method applies only to planting material - seeds or corms. In most cases, processing involves dilution powder agent in a certain amount of liquid (according to the instructions) and immersing the seeds in it for a fixed time;
spraying. All contact fungicides are applied by spraying. The method of their preparation is simple - the powder is dissolved in water, poured into a spray bottle and applied to certain areas of the plant. Such processing is carried out quite often - at least twice per season: in the first days of spring and at the end of flowering in late autumn. In addition to plants, spraying is also used in cellars or other storage facilities;
introduction into the ground. Fungicides can enter the soil both in dry and pre-dissolved form. It is advisable to bring dry powder into the ground when it is digging (in autumn or spring). The cultivation of the land with a solution does not imply attachment to the season, since it implies ordinary watering.

Working with plants

It is easy to assume that the use of fungicides depends not only on their specificity, but also on the specificity of the plants themselves. For example, the processing of fruit trees and tomatoes involves its own characteristics, which must be taken into account in order to obtain a positive result. In this chapter, we will talk about exactly how to apply fungicides to various horticultural and horticultural crops.

strawberries

The risk of developing fungal diseases in strawberry bushes is quite high. Often the fate of these plants is already a foregone conclusion, since it is very easy to acquire obviously infected seedlings for sale. Such practices of the spread of infected plants lead to the fact that strawberries began to be periodically subjected to such ailments as:

rot;
spotting;
bacteriosis;
powdery mildew.

It is advisable to treat strawberries from the beginning of the growing season until its very end:

the first treatment is carried out already when the plant has green leaves;
after the awakening of strawberries from hibernation, repeated sprayings are carried out every one and a half weeks until flowering;
processing stops at the moment when berry setting begins. Up until harvest, any fungicide exposure to fruit is highly undesirable;
after harvesting and until late autumn, the bushes are sprayed at least twice. Fungal infections are often active at this time, so it is important to stay alert.

The treatment described above is carried out both on diseased and healthy plants as a preventive measure.

Among the fungicides suitable for strawberry bushes, we note the main ones:

Bordeaux mixture;
Ridomil;
Speed

berry bushes

In such common berry bushes as currants, raspberries or gooseberries, many similar diseases appear with similar symptoms. These ailments include:

anthracnose - with this disease, the leaves of plants are covered with yellow and brown spots, as if pushing through them. As new spots form, the leaves gradually dry out and fall off;
goblet rust - characteristic mushroom spore pads appear on the leaves, which have a muted orange tint;
purple spotting - this type of spotting affects, first of all, annual raspberry stems. Purple spotting is accompanied by the spread of purple spots in the areas of attachment of leaf petioles;
American powdery mildew - unlike classic powdery mildew, American powdery mildew appears primarily in old varieties of currants and gooseberries that do not have immunity to this disease. The first symptom of the disease is the spread of white plaque throughout the bush. Subsequently, the plant begins to slowly die - its leaves dry out, and the berries fall off even before they ripen.

From rust, spotting and anthracosis, gardeners use bardo liquid, with which the plant is treated twice - in early spring (during the "green cone" period) and at the time of vegetation. In the fight against powdery mildew, Topaz and Thiovit Jet have proven themselves well, with which the bush is sprayed immediately before and after flowering.

tomatoes

Tomatoes are considered the crop that is most often subjected to fungal invasion. Among the diseases that gardeners often encounter when growing tomatoes are:

late blight;
cladosporiosis;
fusarium;
macrosporiosis;
gray rot.

The table below lists the main symptoms of these ailments, as well as methods of dealing with them.

Table 2. fungal diseases tomatoes

Disease	Symptoms	Treatment Methods
	Late blight is the most common disease among tomatoes. Phytophthora can be recognized by the following manifestations: 1. increasing black dots on stems and leaves; 2. dark gray coating on fruits	For the treatment of late blight, fungicides such as Barrier or Barrier are used. To prepare the solution, 8 grams of the product are taken and dissolved in ten liters clean water until complete decomposition of the powder. You can also take 50 grams of HOM or Abiga-Pak and also dissolve in 10 grams of water
	Cladosporiosis or brown spotting is easily recognized - by the appearance of dark red spots, which first spread to the leaves, and then to the whole plant as a whole. As a result, the fruits die unripe.	Unfortunately, fungicides are not used in the fight against cladosporiosis. However, they can be used to treat the soil before planting tomatoes. Reducing watering and lowering temperature helps to overcome cladosporiosis
	1. yellowing and falling of the lower leaves, gradually capturing the upper tiers of the plant; 2. drooping of the tops, outwardly resembling drying out; 3. damage to the conductive system. when cutting the lateral stem, you can see brown tissue	Two weeks before harvest, tomatoes are treated with copper sulphate (50 grams per 10 liters of water) or Barrier (20 grams per 10 liters of water)
	Gray rot appears already at the end of fruiting - at the end of October, with the arrival of rains and an increase in humidity. The disease manifests itself in the form of rusty-red marks, gradually starting to get wet and rot	Periodic treatment with Barrier or Barrier (10-15 grams of powder per 10 liters of water)
	Alternariosis proceeds with the formation of brown spots on the lower leaves, gradually spreading to the fruits	Once a month, the soil is cultivated, from which tomatoes grow. For these purposes, a Barrier is used (15 grams of powder are diluted in 10 liters of water)

Processing tomatoes with phytosporin

Step 1. Even before starting treatment, carefully inspect the plant and remove all its areas where the fungus has manifested itself. It is also necessary to cut off all the lower leaves in contact with the soil (since the pathogens of fungal diseases, as a rule, live in the soil).

Step 2 Take a package of phytosporin. In order to prepare a solution in the correct dosage, you need to follow one rule - the powder (or paste) should be half as much as water. Accordingly, if you take 200 grams of phytosporin, then you will need 400 milliliters of water.

Step 3 Pour the solution into the sprayer and set the spray mode to fine. Treat the plant with the resulting composition. Small drops will last longer on the sheet and give the best result.

Step 4 The solution must necessarily get to both the upper and lower parts of the plant, since phytosporin belongs to the contact type of fungicides. Treat the lower levels especially carefully, as they are at risk.

decorative garden

The treatment of ornamental plants is designed to combat the types of diseases already familiar from the previous sections:

If you are going to subsequently store the bulbs or tubers of plants for planting, then before placing them in containers, it is necessary to treat the planting material with Maxim.

Important! Before treatment with fungicides, the planting material must be dried and cleaned of dried scales.

Vaults

Treating storages and cellars with fungicides will significantly reduce the likelihood of infection of fruits or planting material with fungal diseases. This procedure should be carried out shortly before the fruits are transferred to storage. Like fruits, storage facilities are dried before being treated with fungicides.

As a treatment, most gardeners prefer those that contain a large amount of sulfur, or garden sulfur itself. For fumigating one square meter you need fifty grams of sulfur. In addition to the walls, boxes and any other equipment that is in the storage are also processed.

Video - Features of the use of fungicides

Content

Fungi are the causative agents of many diseases in plants. For their destruction, special chemical, biological substances are used. Fungicides are one of the varieties of pesticides - products designed to destroy pests and diseases of different crops.

What is the fungicidal effect of drugs on plants

The name of the substances - fungicides - comes from the merger of two Latin words "fungus" and "caedo", which mean "mushroom", "I kill". The compositions are directed against pathogenic fungi that cause plant diseases. Study the effects of fungicides:

fungicidal - responsible for the destruction of the fungus;
fungistatic - partially inhibits development unwanted organisms;
prophylactic - prevents the formation of fungus.

Fungicides belong to the category of pesticides: they are included in the group consisting of insecticides, bactericides, nematicides, acaricides. Protective and preventive properties are manifested due to the content:

sulfur and its compounds: barium polysulfides, calcium;
metal salts: especially copper, mercury, cadmium;
salts of dithiocarbamic acids;
phenol derivatives;
derivatives of triazole, imidazole;

For a detailed acquaintance with the action of fungicides, study their main varieties. Each type has its own characteristics:

Classification features	Examples of drugs	Properties
According to the action on the pathogen: protective, therapeutic.		protective - used to treat healthy plants in order to prevent diseases; therapeutic - destroy the existing disease.
According to the purpose of application: standard, for dressing seeds, processing greenhouse and greenhouse land, for perennials during their hibernation. By the nature of distribution within plant tissues: contact and systematic.		contact - active in that part of the vegetation, soil where they were introduced; systematic or systemic - penetrate into the vascular system of the culture, move through its tissues, act for 30 days; systemic-contact - consist of components of contact and systemic action, this combination is considered the most effective.
According to the active substance: organic, chemical.		organic - contain microorganisms that, after exposure to crops, soil, decompose; chemical or inorganic - consist of chemical compounds: rich in copper, iron, mercury, sulfur, nickel, manganese.

Prevention and protection against diseases are carried out with the help of watering, spraying, seed dressing. Methods for using fungicides:

dressing seeds, bulbs, tubers - disinfection of planting material is carried out, further infection with a fungus is prevented, the death of seeds, plants;
spraying and pollination - contact fungicides are used, the formulations are sprayed onto the affected crops with a spray gun, if necessary, the procedure is repeated, start pollination in the spring, finish in the fall;
application to the soil - apply systemic fungicides, which not only effectively destroy fungal spores, pathogenic microorganisms, but are also well absorbed by the root system of plants.

Like any other chemical compositions, fungicides should be applied subject to certain safety rules. Use the following guidelines:

Wear protective clothing before work: gloves, goggles, apron, respirator.
Read the instructions on the package.
Make sure that small children and animals do not come into contact with substances.
Do not eat processed fruits, wait for the substance to dissolve.
Remember that fungicides are poisonous, so keep them out of your drinking water.

Effective fungicides for indoor plants

For processing indoor plants emulsions, powders, solutions are produced. There are biological and chemical antifungals for plants. The latter are recommended to be used before the period of active growth, after the end of flowering, harvesting. Biological fungicides are often allowed to be used at any time.

Name of the drug	Active substance	Characteristics and properties	Application features
	Benomyl (concentration 500 g/kg).	Suitable for the elimination of many fungal diseases. Can be used in conjunction with pesticides, growth regulators, top dressing. After preparing the solution, no precipitate remains.	Etching of planting material, foliage is carried out. The solution is prepared from 1 liter of water, 20 g of concentrate. Processing up to 2 times in 3 months. The maximum effect of spraying is noticeable at high temperatures.
	Antibiotic complex based on Streptomyces fradiae.	Release form - flowable paste in jars of 10 g. Protects against fungal diseases, improves immunity, promotes seed germination, development of the root system, maturation of a quality crop.	Suitable for indoor and outdoor crops. The solution is prepared from 1 tbsp. l. concentrate, 3 liters of water. Spraying is carried out 3-4 times in 3 months at intervals of 20 days.
	Suspension concentrate propiconazole.	Copes with powdery mildew, scab, oidium.	Processing of pears, apple-trees, grapes is carried out. The liquid is prepared from 2-3 ml of Vectra and 10 liters of water. For one fruit-bearing tree, up to 5 liters of working solution is used, for a growing crop - up to 2 liters. Processing is carried out at least 10 days before harvesting the fruit.

Biological antifungals for the garden

Fungicidal biological products contain active bacteria that destroy pathogens and prevent their reappearance.

Name of the drug	Active substance	Characteristics and properties	Application features
	Copper oxychloride (concentration 400 g/l).	Release form - aqueous suspension. Refers to contact fungicides. Deals with fungal diseases.	Processing of ornamental, vegetable, flower, technical, fruit crops. Spraying is carried out when it is warm, there is no wind. The solution is prepared from 10 liters of water, 40-50 g of concentrate (the amount depends on the type of crop being processed).
	bacillus subtilis.	Release form - dry powder and tablets. Eliminates alternariosis, rhizoctoniosis, septoria, root rot, powdery mildew, fungal infections on foliage, in the ground.	The working solution for irrigation is made from 10 liters of water, 2 Alirin tablets, 1 liter of water, 1 tablet is taken for spraying. Up to 3 treatments per season are carried out, between procedures there should be intervals of 5-7 days.
Biofungicide "Baktofit"	Bacillus subtilis, spores and cells of the producer culture, metabolites.	Protects against the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms. For the prevention of powdery mildew. Recommended when it is impossible to apply chemistry.	Processing of fruit and berry crops, carnations, roses. The solution is prepared from 2 g of the substance, 1 liter of water. Should be applied when cool and damp. Sprayed 24 hours before rain. Processing at intervals of 5 days.
Bordeaux mixture	Slightly soluble copper compounds in liquid.	The mixture is an acid neutralizer. It must be applied very carefully, otherwise there is a risk of burning the plants. The fungicide is stored for 24 hours if 7-10 g of sugar is added to it (amount for 10 liters of working solution).	To create a solution, 300 g of lime is quenched with water. The same is done with copper sulphate. 2-3 liters of boiling water are added to the mixture with lime. Each solution is brought to a 5-liter volume. The mixture with lime is filtered through gauze, copper sulfate is gradually added to it, everything is thoroughly mixed. You should get a liquid of a bright blue hue - this will indicate the correct proportions. The liquid is sprayed.
Gliocladin	Mushroom culture Trichoderma harzianum VIZR-18.	Biological fungicide, used for the treatment, prevention of root rot.	Treatment of indoor and outdoor plants. 1-4 tablets are placed in the soil when sowing. Protection lasts for about 1 month.
	bacillus subtilis.	Biological fungicide, suitable for the treatment, prevention of diseases, effectively fights leaf spot of bacterial origin, powdery mildew, late blight, fusarium.	Spraying, watering indoor and outdoor plants. Irrigation solution is prepared from 1 tablet, 5 liters of water. Spraying is carried out with a liquid of 2 tablets, 5 liters of water. Remember that the activity of the drug is reduced in cool, humid weather.
blue vitriol	copper sulfate.	Release form - soluble powder. Protects, heals, eliminates pests, improves immunity, the ability to resist infection by harmful microorganisms.	Processing of pome, stone fruit, ornamental, flower, berry, fruit crops. 50-100 g of copper sulfate is mixed with 10 liters of warm water. The solution cannot be prepared in a metal container. The liquid is used on the day of creation. Processing in the morning and in the evening, 2 times a year, in spring, autumn at positive temperatures, when there is no wind or rain.
Fitosporin-M	Soil bacteria Bacillus subtilis.	Release form - liquid, powder, paste. Microbiological fungicide, ideal for the treatment of bacterial fungal diseases. Do not use with alkaline preparations. Fitosporin-M tolerates freezing, the field of which the effectiveness of the composition does not change.	Suitable for dressing seeds, bulbs, foliage of adult plants.

Systemic fungicides for the garden

Systemic fungicides quickly move through the vascular system of adult plants, protecting their growths that have developed after treatment. The main goal of such compositions is the elimination of existing diseases, the prevention of their occurrence. The most effective fungicides are listed in the table:

Fungicide name	Active substance	Characteristics and properties	Application features
	Azoxystrobin.	Release form - 1 liter bottles, 6 ml sachets. Helps to get rid of brown spot on vegetable crops, vine, powdery mildew, late blight.
	Cymoxanil, copper chloride.	Protection against fungal diseases, preventive, curative action. The effect lasts up to a month. Not dangerous for bees and warm-blooded.	The solution is made from 30-50 g of powder, 10 liters of water.
	Difenoconazole.	Release form - ampoules of 2 ml and bottles of 10, 50, 100 ml. The liquid contains 1.5-2 ml and 10 liters of water. Long-term protection against scab, powdery mildew, coccomycosis. The effect is noticeable already 2 hours after spraying.	Suitable for fruit crops. Processing up to 1 time in 2 weeks.
	Kresoxim-methyl (concentration 500 g/kg).	Protects, prevents the appearance of powdery mildew, black spot, rust, scab, basal shoot cancer.	The solution is prepared from 10 liters of water, 3-5 ml of Strobi. Used to prevent diseases. If there are already fungal spores, then it will not be possible to get rid of them. Suitable for dressing seeds before planting.
	Cymoxanil.	The release form is water-soluble granules, which, after preparing the working solution, are resistant to washing off: it occurs due to the ability to bind with vegetable wax. Penetrates deep into the foliage, so the effect is noticeable even 1-2 days after the disease.	Suitable for tomatoes, potatoes, onions.
	Penconazole (proportions 100 g/l).	Available as an emulsion concentrate. Protects against powdery mildew, sulfur, rust. It is characterized by moderate toxicity for humans, animals, safety for fish, birds.	Recommended for processing vegetable, ornamental, fruit crops, vines. In the presence of sulfur, 2 ml of concentrate, 10 liters of water are taken. Powdery mildew is treated with a solution of 4 ml of the substance, 10 liters of water. Processing is carried out 1 time in 14 days.
	Cyprodinil (concentration 750 g/kg).	Release form - water-dispersible granules. Treats Alternariosis, moniliosis, scab. In grapes, berry rot is prevented, in fruit and stone fruits - moniliosis, leaf curl, coccomycosis.	The substance is not washed off with water. It is recommended to apply when it is cool, damp. The effect is reduced when the air temperature is more than 25 degrees. Processing is carried out 14-30 days before fruit removal. The working solution is prepared from 2 g of Horus and 5-10 liters of water (the choice of volume depends on the disease).

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In the fight against numerous pathogens in summer cottages, the main weapon is fungicides - preparations for the prevention and treatment of plant diseases. Microbiological science offers a whole arsenal of effective drugs, among which you can choose the best one both for the treatment and for the prevention and prevention of plant diseases. Modern fungicides are safe for people, animals and bees, their application gives quick and tangible results. Some drugs have a prolonged period of action, provide long-term plant protection.

Soil free from pathogenic microorganisms, healthy plants in the country are a guarantee of a full-fledged harvest of vegetables and berries, bright colors of flower beds (help you!), Bent under the weight of the fruits of trees and shrubs. The main thing is to figure out how to prevent and, if necessary, cure diseases, choose an effective fungicidal drug, and correctly calculate its dosage.

The following reasons lead to a large spread of many fungal infections that affect almost all types of fruit, garden and ornamental plants in the country:

The accumulation of pathogens occurs through infected plant residues. This is how root rot, late blight, fusarium spread. Fungal spores accumulate in the soil where the infected tops are left to winter, and are carried along garden beds along with unripe compost.
The shortage and high cost of the main source of fertility until recently - manure, led to its replacement by other suppliers of organic matter for the beds. The green mass of tops, mowed grass, fallen leaves brought from a neighboring forest have become the most important organic fertilizers on summer cottages. Together with them, pathogenic microorganisms are found in the soil, causing rot and other infectious plant diseases.
Incorrect use of drugs that prevent and treat infections, instead of benefit, can lead to the emergence of fungicide-resistant races of microorganisms. Some pathogens develop resistance (addiction) to fungicides, for example, such as Fundazol, Fundazim, Benorad. That is why it is so important to strictly follow the dosage instructions of the drugs and change them from time to time.

Varieties of chemical fungicides for the treatment of infectious plant diseases, their names

The principle of action of various groups of fungicides is not the same. Some of them affect pathogens at the cellular level, others affect enzymes, and others disrupt the breathing processes of harmful fungi. According to the spectrum of action, some fungicides are narrowly targeted, while others destroy a wide range of pathogenic microflora. Moreover, some are better used for the treatment of diseases that have already arisen, while others are better for prevention and prevention.

Modern drugs are divided into groups:

Strobilurins

strobi, Profit Gold, Acrobat MC, Ridomil, Tattu. These drugs are most famous as effective remedies against diseases of pome fruit crops - apples, pears, as well as to prevent infection of fruits during storage.

Copper preparations

blue vitriol, Bordeaux mixture, HOM, Oksikhom, Kurzat, Ordan, Abiga Peak. The versatility of copper-containing products allows you to successfully use them in the country in the garden, vegetable garden, greenhouse for the treatment and prevention of many diseases.

Sulfur preparations

Thiovit jet, Cumulus, garden sulfur. They are used not only for processing the bark of trees and pollinating berry bushes. Sulfur is fumigated in storage facilities and greenhouses to eliminate pockets of infection with fungal infections on the walls and semi-buildings.

Carboxins

Vitaros, Previcour. Due to the properties of these fungicides, they are used for dressing seeds. This procedure serves to prevent diseases of adult plants. Previkur has proven itself in the fight against various rots and downy mildew.

Benzimidazoles

Fundazol, Fundazim, Benorade. Preparations of this group are used as seed dressings, they practice the treatment of fruits with them before laying them in storage, they treat berry bushes.

Other

1. Consento, CS - Most effective remedy in the fight against a number of diseases: late blight, peronosporosis, mildew and alternariosis.

The drug blocks the development of fungal spores, protects young growing leaves and is not washed off by rain or watering after an hour of treatment.

Easy to use: Pour 20 ml of the drug into water and mix, pour the solution into a sprayer and spray evenly on the plant until the leaves are completely wet. The only product in Russia, after which vegetables can be eaten after 24 hours.

2. Topaz- a leader in the fight against such an infection as powdery mildew. A feature of the remedy is a narrow focus on this disease. Efficiency increases with the preventive start of the use of the Topaz fungicide to prevent the disease and 3 repeated treatments every 2 weeks. Works on all plants exposed to powdery mildew.

3. Maksim- a disinfectant widely known among fans of growing potatoes. Fusarium and other rots transmitted through the soil are destroyed by dressing seeds, as well as planting material (tubers, bulbs, rhizomes) of decorative flowers.

4. Speed and its analogue Rayok- these drugs have a wide spectrum and long-term effect. Fruit trees they protect against scab, tomatoes from late blight, blackcurrants from powdery mildew. These fungicides, which, when preventively treated, quickly penetrate the tissues and are not washed off by rain, are conveniently used to prevent diseases. On stone fruit crops (cherries, plums), Skor and Rayok are used to treat coccomycosis, clasterosporiasis.

5. Other systemic fungicides: Teldor, Tilt, Byleton, Revus and many others.

Prevention and treatment of plant diseases using phytopreparations-biofungicides

Phytopreparations stand apart in a number of fungicides. It is widely believed among summer gardeners that drugs that are not synthesized chemically, but of biological origin, cause less harm to garden land and crops. Let's try to figure out what means for combating plant diseases enter the market under names with the prefix phyto-. There are many such fungicides: Fitosporin, Albite, Fitolavin, Trichodermin, Gliocladin, Alirin-B.

Oddly enough, mushrooms help reduce the number of harmful fungi in the soil! Scientists call these useful representatives of saprophytic fungi of the genus Trichoderma suppressors. This is what is hidden under unfamiliar and obscure scientific terms.
Mushrooms - saprophytes feed on the remains of the organic matter of the plant and animal world, and also know how to turn the mycelium of harmful pathogens into a nutrient medium for themselves. The term "suppressor" in this case means "suppressor". In addition to trichoderma, this group includes several more varieties of fungi. All of them successfully destroy populations of pathogens in the soil.

Saprophytic fungi are propagated in laboratory and industrial conditions. They are used to prepare preparations for the treatment and prevention of diseases in open and closed ground. The most famous are Trichodermin, Gliocladin.

Fungicides of bacterial origin include an equally popular drug - Fitosporin. It includes a live culture consisting of cells and spores of a certain bacterium. A feature of these microorganisms is the ability to suppress the development of pathogenic microflora, enhance plant immunity. Phytosporin is a fungicide with a wide range of applications. It is used to prevent and cure diseases of potatoes and tobacco, root crops, cabbage, tomatoes, black currants, and flowering plants.

Application of fungicides against plant diseases, list

strawberries

The wide spread of viral and fungal diseases has greatly reduced the plantations of everyone's favorite berries in summer cottages. By sharing planting material with neighbors, buying infected seedlings in the markets, gardeners contributed to the fact that it became almost impossible to purchase healthy garden strawberries. They tried to save the situation with the improvement of planting material by introducing the Frigo industrial technology into amateur gardening. Many summer residents are trying to grow a healthy strawberry culture from seeds.

Treatment of strawberry beds with fungicides helps in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as a variety of bacterioses, spotting, rot, and powdery mildew. It is necessary to fight with diseases in all periods of vegetation of plants.

The first sprayings begin as soon as the leaves start to grow. Repeated treatments are done every 10 days until mass flowering. At the stage of fruit set and before harvesting, the application of drugs is stopped. After harvesting the berries, the fungicide treatment must be repeated to prevent the disease in next year. The end of summer, the beginning of autumn, when these diseases are severely affected, we do at least two treatments. Preparations used on strawberry beds: HOM, Bordeaux mixture, Speed, Ridomil.

Fruit trees

The most common disease of the apple tree, which leads to the reproduction of pathogenic microflora, is scab. The fungus infects apple trees especially strongly during seasons rich in heavy rains. The multiplied causative agent of the disease, having overwintered on fallen leaves, is carried by the spring wind and settles on the blossoming buds. Thus, scab spores fall into the ovary. A diseased tree sheds damaged leaves prematurely and yields cracked, twisted fruits with corky skins.

A fungicide that has long been used to treat scab on apple and pear trees is Bordeaux mixture. It is bred for the so-called "blue spraying" in the following proportion: 800 grams of slaked lime and 600 grams of copper sulfate are added to 20 liters of water. The old recipe can be replaced with modern copper-containing drugs from the list above.

Fruit rot (moniliosis) is a dangerous disease that causes serious damage to the crop of the orchard (, cherries, sweet cherries and others). The source of the spread of spores is last year's mummified fruits that overwintered on trees. Monilia spores often settle in the cracks of fruits affected by scab. Copper-containing fungicides are also used to prevent and treat the disease.

Brown leaf spot, stem rot, and many other infections that affect apple and pear trees, in addition to copper preparations, can be treated with strobilurins ( strobi, Profit Gold, Ridomil and many others).

Stone fruit cultures suffer from many infectious diseases - moniliosis, coccomycosis, clasterosporiasis. Infection with pathogens of cherry trees is widespread. The infection quickly spreads around the area, infecting trees in neighboring areas. Many collective gardening, in order to combat diseases that have passed into the epidemic stage, force summer residents to completely get rid of planting cherries.

It is possible to prevent the spread of insidious infections on cherries and plums with the help of timely treatment with drugs. Speed, Rayok, copper-containing fungicides. To get the result, and the summer season, you have to resort to spraying three times.

berry bushes

Often, brown and yellowish depressed spots can be observed on the stems and leaves of black currant. The leaves curl up, dry out and fall off. Most likely, the plant is affected by anthracnose. Gooseberries can also be from this disease. Spores of another fungus, the intermediate host of which is sedge, causes a disease of goblet rust. Its bright distinguishing feature is the spore pads on the leaves, painted in orange.

Blurry purple spots on one-year-old raspberry stems, at the attachment points of leaf petioles, give out a disease called purple spot. Copper-containing fungicides cope with the treatment of most fungal pathologies in berries.

American powdery mildew (sferoteka) very often affects blackcurrants and gooseberries, especially old varieties that are resistant to this disease. At the tops of the shoots appears plentiful white coating. The bushes look like sprinkled with flour. The leaves curl, stop growing, young shoots are bent, the berries, not ripe, fall off. In the shade and waterlogged places, the spores of the fungus are especially strong.

Since the mycelium of the spheroteca does not live in the soil, but on the shoots of berry bushes, before treatment with fungicides, all affected parts of plants visible to the eye are cut out and burned. Used for treatment Fundazol, Topaz, herbal medicines.

Protecting tomatoes from late blight and other dangerous infections

How many enthusiasts, burning with the desire to grow delicious, carefully selected tomato varieties in their garden, abandoned their experiments, desperate to defeat the insidious late blight. Once in ideal conditions for mass reproduction (warmth and high humidity), the spores of the fungus instantly spread through the beds and greenhouses with tomatoes, not bypassing potato plantings. Their resettlement does not stop the drop in temperature in August - September. In parallel, other tomato infections may begin: brown spot, macrosporiosis.

The first signals of the appearance of phytophthora on tomatoes are small dark dots on the stems. Gradually, their area increases until turning into brown spots. The same damage appears on the leaves. At first, phytophthora does not appear in any way on the fruits, they seem healthy. But the destructive activity of the fungus goes under the skin of the fruit, and soon depressed brown spots appear on them.

Phytophthora-infected tomatoes are treated with fungicides containing copper. In 10 liters of water, add 50 g of the drug HOM(copper oxychloride) or Abiga-Pack. Spraying is carried out with a fine spray, trying to moisten the reverse side of the leaves. When infected with phytophthora, a whitish coating (underside of the leaf) formed by the fungus can be observed. The best result in the treatment gives a triple treatment. The first spraying, as a warning of the disease, should be done as early as possible - a couple of weeks after planting the seedlings.

Daily inspection and removal of affected parts of plants, a short-term increase in temperature in the greenhouse to 55-60 degrees, reducing watering and maintaining a dry microclimate can help in the fight against late blight. There is a known way to save tomato fruits infected with spores, but not yet damaged - for 3 seconds, immerse them in water heated to 60 degrees, then dry and store laid in one row.

The most famous and most ruthless enemy of cucumber vines in their summer cottage is peronosporosis. Another name for the disease is downy mildew. The first signs - characteristic spots on the leaves, require immediate treatment. The most effective for the prevention and treatment of disease treatment with copper preparations.

For instance, Ordan or its equivalent Kurzat bred at the rate of 50 grams per bucket of water and cucumber vines are sprayed. The waiting period for these drugs (you can not harvest) - 5 days. As a result of the treatment of cucumbers with copper-containing preparations, other fungal diseases are also prevented - olive blotch, anthracnose. The same treatments are useful for preventing diseases in plantings of other pumpkin plants - zucchini, squash, pumpkin.

An additional obstacle to the development of pathogenic fungi will be the raising of cucumber lashes on trellises, which will save them from contact with the soil, where spores of infectious agents are located. For prevention, it is worth thinning out the plantings of cucumbers, ventilate the greenhouse or greenhouse more often, and in the future select varieties and hybrids that are resistant to downy mildew.

decorative garden

Protection against pathogens of fungal infections is required not only for vegetable and fruit crops, suffering and ornamental garden. Luxurious pine and others coniferous plants rust can hit, which cannot be dealt with without treatment Oxychome.

Rhododendrons, like tomatoes, are affected by phytophthora. For its prevention and treatment, watering the soil will be required. Fundazol, spraying Ordan and its analogues.

Many flowering perennials suffer from powdery mildew. First of all, these are autumn asters, delphiniums, peonies, cinquefoil shrubs, roses. In addition to pruning and removing the affected parts of plants, spraying with fungicides will help them ( HOM, Speed, Topaz).

The protection of tubers and flower bulbs from diseases is paid attention during winter storage. Before laying, they are thoroughly dried and treated with Maxim.

Storage and greenhouse processing

To prevent the disease next year with late blight and peronosproz in greenhouses where tomatoes and cucumbers grew, they are treated with fungicides. Work is carried out before the onset of cold weather, removing plant debris and digging up the soil. The walls, frames, glass are wiped with a solution of copper sulfate, the room is fumigated with sulfur preparations. Consumption - 50 grams of sulfur per 1 cu. m. greenhouses. Remember to handle garden tools, pots, seedling boxes and other similar equipment.

In a similar way, preventive work is carried out in cellars and basements before laying a crop in them for the winter. Before processing with copper sulfate and burning sulfur, the storage facilities must be dried.

Safety precautions for use

Knowing that most of the drugs for combating infectious plant diseases do not pose a serious danger to warm-blooded animals and humans, traditional individual protective measures should be taken during treatments - wear closed shoes and clothes, and a mask will not interfere. Most fungicides are safe for bees and other insects, but they can destroy beneficial microorganisms and thus disturb the biological balance. Some types of drugs are transferred to the soil and plants bad smell, if diluted incorrectly, can cause leaf tissue damage (burn).

The choice and use of fungicides should be approached with awareness of responsibility, so that instead of benefit, not only damage the future crop, but also the surrounding nature.

Fungicides, the list of preparations of which will be described below, are products used in crop production to combat plant diseases that are caused by protozoan fungal microorganisms and non-spore-bearing bacteria. Any preparations that are used to protect plants from various diseases and pests are called pesticides. Fungicides are one of their varieties. The name is based on 2 Latin words: fungus - mushroom and caedo - to kill.

For those who are engaged in any kind of crop production, from farmers and agronomists to flower growers, it is important to be able to choose the right preparation correctly. The list of drugs will help you choose the most suitable remedy for the prevention and treatment of plants in the fields, in the garden or vegetable garden, as well as for indoor flowers.

Classification of fungicides

Depending on the composition, these drugs are divided into:

biological fungicides;
chemical.

The composition of biological fungicides includes some types of bacteria, fungi or components of plant origin that have an active antifungal effect. Organic fungicides are easy to use, have low toxicity to insects and warm-blooded animals, and can be used in combination with other herbicides. But the effect of their action has a relative short duration - from several days to a month. Preparations of this type have gained wide popularity among summer residents and gardeners.

Chemical, or inorganic, fungicides consist of various chemical compounds that have a more pronounced fungicidal effect. They are divided into:

copper-containing (for example,);
sulfur containing (colloidal sulfur, Thiovit Jet);
iron-containing ( inkstone);
containing compounds of other elements with a fungicidal effect.

Chemical organic fungicides, such as carbamates ( Consento, Tattu), dithiocarbamates ( Acrobat, Bogatyr), morpholines ( Cabrio Duo), imidazoles ( Mirage) other. The effect of the use of chemical fungicides is more obvious and long-term, but these drugs can cause damage to both plants and animals. In addition, they pollute the soil for a long time.

Various fungicides remain on the surface parts of the plant or are able to penetrate the internal tissues. Accordingly, they are divided into

contact;
systemic.

Contact - form a surface film on plants and actively affect the fungal infection only with direct contact.

Systemic fungicides, after contact with the surface, penetrate into all tissues of the plant and destroy the pathogenic fungus in any part of it.

Fungicides for plants are produced in the form of powders, tablets, suspensions and concentrated solutions. Each preparation is accompanied by an instruction that must be strictly observed when preparing the solution or during the spraying of the powder. The fungicidal effect of biological preparations is most pronounced in freshly prepared solutions, so they should be used immediately after preparation. Chemical fungicides should also not be stored in order to avoid poisoning pets or children with them.

There are preparations for soil treatment from fungi that can live in the ground. These fungicides in powder form are poured into the ground when it is dug up or dissolved in water and applied during irrigation. Some drugs are used to treat seed and tubers before sowing. And, of course, the most large group fungicides are used to treat green parts of plants during the period of active growth. During the season, several preventive sprays are usually produced.

Fungicidal preparations are also used to prevent spoilage of grain or vegetables by fungi during their storage in vegetable bases or in granaries. Universal remedies have been developed that can be used both for the prevention and treatment of mycoses. In different periods of vegetation of plants, it is recommended to use certain types of fungicides.

Principles of drug selection

When working with fungicidal preparations, personal safety measures must be observed. You can prepare the solution only with rubber gloves. The respiratory tract must be protected with a respirator or cotton-gauze bandage. Eye protection is provided by goggles.

The choice of an antifungal agent should be made taking into account the area to be treated, the types of plants being treated, the degree of toxicity, the extent of damage to plants and soil. It is worth listening to the advice of agricultural specialists, gardeners and gardeners, amateur flower growers. Since many types of pathogenic fungi are able to develop resistance to a particular chemical, preparations must be changed from time to time to ensure their effectiveness.

Characteristics of the most popular fungicides

The most popular fungicides:

- a contact-type preparation that is effective against many plant diseases provoked by bacteria and fungi. The package contains a concentrated aqueous suspension. Fungicidal action is provided by copper chloride. This drug is intended for the preventive treatment and treatment of many types of cultivated and wild plants. The toxicity of the drug in relation to insects is not high. Phytotoxicity is not expressed.
Topaz- systemic fungicide. It is used for the prevention of various mycoses in cultural plantings in gardens and orchards. The effect of the application was revealed when plants were damaged by powdery mildew and rust. In glass packaging - concentrated emulsion. The antifungal compound is penconazole.
Screen KS- a contact fungicide of a new generation, which has a very high efficiency against potato late blight, apple scab, mildew and grape black spot. The release form is a concentrated suspension, the active ingredient is fluazinam. The preparation possesses weak toxicity, in relation to plants it is not toxic.
Fitosporin-M- biological fungicide. Contains spores and living cells of Bacillus subtilis. It is used to prevent fungal diseases on eggplant, zucchini, cucumbers and other garden crops. WHO, garden, indoor and greenhouse plants. Effective against most known plant mycoses. Combined application with chemical pesticides, with fertilizers and growth regulators is possible.
Quadris- a drug with a wide spectrum of action. Contains azoxystrobin. Release form - concentrated suspension. It is used against all known plant mycoses. They process grapes, potatoes, onions, tomatoes and cucumbers, as well as sports lawns.
Profit Gold- the drug acts both on the surface tissues of the plant, and in the deep ones. Effective in diseases cultivated plants caused by various fungi. Contains 2 active antifungal compounds. Cymoxanil, the main active compound, penetrates into the internal tissues of the plant and spreads along with the flow of juice to all parts. Famoxadone remains on the surface tissues of the plant in the form of a film for a long time, providing protection against infection. It differs from other drugs in color (brown granules) and a slight specific smell. On sale there are packages with different weights of the drug.
Thanos- deep-acting fungicide. A substance with a pronounced antifungal effect - cymoxanil - quickly penetrates into plant tissues. The recovery of the plant when using this drug occurs even 1-2 days after infection. Sold in the form of water-soluble granules. With the help of this drug, potatoes, sunflowers, tomatoes and onions can be protected from diseases. The solution is resistant to washing off.
Trichodermin- a preparation of organic origin. The fungicidal effect of the drug is provided by the spores of the fungus living in the soil present in its composition, which saves the plant from infection by many types of various pathogenic microorganisms that cause decay of roots and fruits, late blight and other plant diseases. A solution of Trichodermin is suitable as a prophylaxis for indoor plants. They also treat plant seeds before planting. Available in powder form. This preparation is safe both for warm-blooded animals and for insects, fish, etc. It is not phytotoxic.
Alirin B- an organic preparation containing beneficial soil microflora. Release form - dry powder and tablets. This biological fungicide is used to suppress fungal plant diseases and the spread of fungal pathogens in the soil. It protects plants from root rot, septoria, rhizoctoniosis, late blight and many other dangerous and widespread diseases. It is used to restore beneficial soil microflora after the use of toxic pesticides. Suitable for all kinds of horticultural crops and indoor plants.

Conclusion and Conclusions

Now it has become clear what fungicides are, but before using the selected or recommended drug, it is very important to carefully study the instructions. It is necessary to carefully observe all proportions when breeding. Otherwise, many drugs are capable of causing significant harm to plant crops instead of good. When working with chemicals, you should protect yourself with rubber gloves, goggles and a respirator.

Growing horticultural, garden or ornamental plants is a favorite pastime of many gardeners and summer residents. However, you need to understand that growing a healthy culture without proper care impossible. It is important to provide each flower with reliable protection against all kinds of diseases and dangerous pests in advance.

Biological action of fungicides

When caring for a garden, summer residents often have to use high effective drugs - fungicides for plants, which are potent chemicals capable of providing effective control of pathogenic microorganisms that cause the development of fungal diseases, such as:

powdery mildew;
gray rot;
root rot and others.

Fungicides are divided into two groups according to the method of exposure:

contact;
systemic.

Every gardener should know what fungicides are, how to use drugs in home gardening.

The use of fungicides for plants eliminates the possibility of penetration of active substances inside. They manage to cover only the outer part of the culture, where the generative and vegetative organs of the fungus are located, causing further progression of the infection.

All means are able to act for a different period, which depends on the length of stay of chemical compounds on the surface of the culture. A special result is noticed with regular treatment every 3-5 days with an interval of 10-12 days.

The key feature of contact fungicides is local action to green spaces. They are not used to treat signs of damage, but to destroy pathogenic fungal formations that are on the surface or in plant tissues. It is important to understand that fungicides are not able to penetrate other parts of the plant, so processing with them is completely safe.

Action systemic drugs built on a different principle: when processed, they affect all internal systems, moving through tissues and making a number of changes in the physiological and biochemical processes that occur inside plants.

Subsequently, they decompose in the internal organs of flowers, garden or agricultural crops, which causes the rapid formation of metabolites. In this state, the plant develops strong immunity, which contributes to the rapid cleansing of the harmful fungus.

Some gardeners are of the opinion that it is unsafe to use systemic fungicides, since the decomposition products formed after processing can harm the plant. To prevent possible complications, it is necessary to use chemicals of the first type - contact. However, it is important to have time to carry out all processing procedures a month before harvesting.

Types and principle of operation

When searching for fungicidal preparations in specialized stores you can find ready-made solutions in the form of a powder, suspension or emulsion with good water solubility. Depending on the composition, there are several fungicidal preparations:

Inorganic. Among them are drugs of 1-4 hazard classes for humans and warm-blooded creatures.
Organic. The composition of such products contains active microorganisms that can have a depressing effect on pathogenic fungi.

For use in summer cottages, it is recommended to use biological fungicides, since they are distinguished by excellent efficiency and at the same time are practically harmless, both for horticultural crops and for the human body. However, when carrying out processing activities, all safety rules must be observed.

Chemical fungicides

Many modern summer residents and gardeners are looking for the most effective drugs to combat fungal diseases. Looking for good decisions they focus on innovative chemicals that guarantee high performance at low doses.

However, it is highly discouraged to get involved in such means, and the effectiveness declared in advertising is not always a reality. In the list of really good chemical-type fungicides that have managed to prove their effectiveness after lengthy experiments and studies, it is important to highlight:

Bordeaux liquid;
copper sulfate;
abiga-peak, sun;
cineb;
potassium permanganate;
soda ash;

Such tools have been tested by experts and have earned the right to be called one of the most effective of their kind. However, when using chemicals on the site, you must be extremely careful and carefully study the instructions for use. Otherwise, you can harm yourself and your crops.

Biologicals

The range of fungicides with highly effective action is very extensive. Moreover, in last years new solutions are entering the market that can protect plants from all kinds of diseases. Among them contact biological fungicides. They are made according to a completely different principle than the previous chemical ones. These drugs are based on active bacteria that localize pathogens of fungal diseases and have a detrimental effect on them.

Biofungicides allow you to effectively deal with the problem without damaging green spaces, animals, fish, bees, and people. If you want to purchase good biological products, pay attention to the following list:

Gamair P;
Trichodermin;
Alirin-B;
Albite;
Phytosporin;
Agate;
Planzier and others.

It is important to understand that to start processing plants chemicals contact action is needed long before flowering, as well as after harvesting. As for biological solutions, they effectively work throughout the growing season. In addition, among the biofungicides there are also such preparations that can be used at the stage of fruit ripening. In any case, a novice gardener must understand that all fungicides are only preventive tools. If the active substances reach the causative agents of the problem, this causes their death. However, if the disease progresses, and the culture is severely affected, then it will not be possible to solve the trouble with such drugs.

How to work with contact fungicides

As mentioned above, the use of fungicides is a rather demanding and painstaking process. Before starting work, you need to carefully consider safety issues by preparing specialized clothing, rubber gloves, goggles and a hat. After processing, clothes should be washed thoroughly, and hands and face should be washed with soap and water.

Before you start processing garden, horticultural or agricultural crops, prepare a ready-made solution, following the correct dosage and all the recommendations that are included in the instructions. Also, do not disregard the advice of experienced professionals, guided by their personal experience and skills.

Particular effectiveness of the use of fungicides is noticed when treated in the early morning or evening, in dry, calm weather. If spraying was carried out before or after rain, a good result should not be expected. The active substances are simply washed off by rain and will not take effect. As a result, the defeat will progress.

When spraying, you need to select the operating mode for fine spraying. The resulting cloud of solution should extend to the lower and upper parts of the plant.

It is important to understand that it is impossible to spray the green parts of crops that will be eaten. To increase safety, it is necessary to have time to process green spaces before flowering and fruit set.

Use the container where the solution was for re-work Absolutely forbidden. Instead, it must be disposed of in designated areas for pesticides. Fungicide storage areas should be restricted from general access, while the drugs should be kept in sealed packages.

List of drugs

Most available fungicides have high toxicity. Therefore, before you purchase them and use them on your site, you need to find good reasons. It is also necessary to carefully read the instructions for use and make sure that you can carry out the processing activities yourself. Let's highlight the list of the most popular and effective fungicides for plants.

Oksikhom

This preparation from the contact-systemic group contains copper oxychloride and oxadixyl. Most often it is used for preventive purposes and suppression of various diseases of garden and indoor crops. Fights great late blight, macrosporiosis, black bacterial spot and other dangers. The absence of toxicity increases the safety of using the product.

To start processing, you must first prepare a highly effective solution. To begin with, 1/3 of the water should be poured into the tank of the device, and then start the mixing mechanism and pour in a little of the drug. In the future, it remains to pour the rest and mix the solution well. The finished mixture is used for abundant spraying of a culture that has succumbed to the fungus. In the process, it is important to use exclusively pure water.

As far as dosage is concerned, optimal performance keep at around 1 packet of Oxychoma per two liters of liquid. Sometimes it is necessary to carry out up to three procedures with an interval of 10-14 days. Only freshly prepared solution is used for processing.

Among significant benefits facilities:

highly effective systemic contact action;
the ability to maintain the effect for a long time;
minimal toxicity, if the treatment is carried out at the correct dosage;
economical consumption for preventive purposes.

Trichodermin

This biological fungicide is high efficiency in the fight against pathogens of fungal and bacterial diseases. The composition of the biofungicide contains spores of the soil fungus Trichoderma lignorum and crushed grain substrate.

The drug is able to eliminate more than 60 varieties of pathogenic organisms that cause all kinds of diseases, including:

root rot;
seminal infections;
fusarium and other troubles.

The action of active substances causes improvement of soil fertility indicators, rapid saturation of the root system with additional nutrients, as well as an increase in the germination of planting material.

To prepare a suspension where the seeds will be soaked, it is enough to take 10 grams of the drug and dilute it in one liter of water. If the product is used by watering plants, then the optimal dosage will be the same as in the previous case. When watering, it is important to deliver the suspension directly under the root, using medium portions of water.

A ready-made spray solution is created as follows: 10 grams of the product is supplied per 5 liters of water.

Trichodermin renders excellent preventive action during transplantation work. In this case, the consumption rate is determined as follows: for a 25-centimeter (in diameter) pot, such an amount of the drug is used that is placed on the tip of a knife.

By the way, not only adult plants, but also young cuttings can be treated with this tool by placing it in water, where they are kept before planting. In this case, the consumption is 5 grams per 5 liters.

In order to effectively fight all kinds of diseases, it is necessary to prepare such a suspension: dilute 5 grams of the substance with 5 liters of water. Then the damaged culture must be removed from the pot and cleaned of the soil composition.

The affected root elements will have to be removed, and the main rhizome should be thoroughly washed with a suspension. After that, it is better to transplant the plant into another pot, where a fresh substrate was previously placed.

The problem of protecting garden, ornamental and agricultural crops is of interest to many gardeners and summer residents. To effectively deal with all sorts of diseases, highly effective chemicals are often used, including fungicides. With their help, you can quickly and efficiently get rid of the problem and prevent its further progression.

However, in order for the drug to be very effective, but at the same time safe, when choosing a suitable solution, preference should be given to those agents that have the least toxicity. Choosing the best drug, consider the recommendations of professionals, and also read all enclosed instructions and recommendations. Such simple actions will help prevent unwanted consequences from improper processing.