Concrete compaction equipment. Volumetric compaction of mixtures on vibrating platforms Manual pneumatic vibrators

Vibration platform consists of two frames: the upper, movable, on which the form with the concrete mixture is installed, and the lower, fixed, reinforced on the foundation. The upper frame with a vibration mechanism attached to it rests on the lower frame with the help of shock absorbers (springs, leaf springs and elastic rubber pads) or is held on an air cushion.

The vibration mechanism is most often designed in the form of shafts with unbalances driven by an electric motor. On small vibration platforms of the simplest type, vibrations are obtained using external vibrators attached to a movable frame. The upper frame is designed with great rigidity. In cases where the movable frame does not have sufficient rigidity, the amplitude at various points of the vibrating platform can be fixed, due to which, in areas with a small amplitude, sufficient compaction of the mixture will not be ensured.

The regulation of the magnitude of the amplitude is carried out by changing the kinetic moment of the unbalances, which is equal to the product of the mass of the unbalance and the displacement of its center of gravity (eccentricity). To do this, unbalances are designed in the form of two disks with loads eccentrically planted on them. By turning one disk relative to another, fixed on the shaft, it is possible to change the value of the kinetic moment. In addition, a change in the kinetic moment can be achieved using unbalances with interchangeable weights.

According to the nature of the vibrations, the vibratory platforms can be with circular and directed vertical vibrations, as well as resonant or vibro-impact with nonlinear horizontal vibrations. Vibrating platforms with circular vibrations are made with one unbalanced shaft, during the rotation of which the upper frame oscillates both in the vertical and horizontal planes (see figure below, pos. a, b). Vertically directed vibrations of the upper frame of the vibrating platform are obtained by installing two parallel vibrating shafts on it, rotating at the same speed in opposite directions (see Fig. below, pos. v). Vibroplatforms with vertically directed oscillations have a number of disadvantages: design complexity, large mass, high power of the electric drive, as well as noise and vibration at workplaces.

Scheme of work of vibration platforms

a- with circular vibrations; b- scheme of action of vibratory platform forces with circular vibrations; v- with vertically directed vibrations; phase 1 - the centrifugal forces of the two unbalance shafts are directed upwards and add up; 2 - forces are directed in different directions and mutually destroy each other; 3 - both forces are directed downwards and add up; 4 - forces are directed towards each other and mutually annihilate; G- with horizontally directed vibrations, resonant; d- the same, vibro-impact, with non-linear oscillations; 1 - vibrator; 2 - vibrating plate; 3 - spring; 4 - movable frame with a frame thrust plate; 5 - springs; 6 - elastic limiter; 7 - drummer

To a large extent, resonant ones are devoid of these shortcomings (see Fig. above, pos. G) or vibro-impact with non-linear horizontal vibrations (see Fig. above, pos. d) vibration platforms. The movable frame of the vibrating platform 4 receives horizontal vibrations with the help of directional vibrators 1 fixed rigidly on the vibrating plate 2, which is connected to the thrust plate 4 of the movable frame on the springs 3. on the thrust plate 5 of the movable frame. In the case when the gap between the striker and the elastic limiter is large, the vibration platform works as a resonant one. With a decrease in this gap, each movement of the vibrator will be accompanied by an impact on the elastic limiter, which changes the nature of the oscillation, and the operation of the vibrating platform becomes more stable.

Studies have shown that vibration platforms with vertically directed vibrations are advisable to use when forming flat products of small thickness, and with circular and horizontal vibrations - in the manufacture of thick structures, when it is necessary to use vibrations not only of the mold tray, but also of its side elements.

Changing the oscillation frequency of the vibrating platform can be carried out using two- or three-speed electric motors, as well as by regulating the frequency of the current using generators. In order for the vibrations of the upper frame to be completely, without loss, transmitted to the concrete mixture through the mold, the latter is securely attached to the upper frame of the vibration platform during compaction by mechanical (wedge, eccentric and other clamps), electromagnetic and pneumatic methods (see figure below). Vibroplatforms with vertically directed vibrations with a load capacity of up to 10 tons are equipped with pneumatic clamps, and more than 10 tons - with electromagnetic fastening of forms. Vibroplatforms with horizontal oscillations have a wedge fastening of forms. Forms should be placed on vibrating platforms symmetrically, not exceeding its passport load capacity.

The domestic industry produces unified vibration platforms with an amplitude of 0.3-0.6 mm and an oscillation frequency of up to 50 Hz (3000 counts / min), allowing the installation of molds up to 18 m long and up to 3.4 m wide.

Vibroplatforms with vertically directed oscillations type MS-476B are designed with a load capacity of 5 tons; SMZh-66 (6668/3B) m SMZh-64 (SM-858) - 8 t; SM-615KP, SMZH-65 (5917) and SMZH-187A - 10 tons; SMZh-67 (6691-1C), SMZH-181A and SMZH-200A - 15 tons; SMZh-68 (7151/1S) and SMZH199A - 24 t and SMZH-164 - 40 t. designed from 8, 14 and 16 unified vibroblocks installed on two supporting lower frames (see figure below). Vibroplatforms with horizontally directed vibrations of the SMZh-80 (7452) type have a load capacity of 8 tons; SMZH-198 - 15 tons. SMZH-196 and SMZH-280 - 20 tons, and the Dubrovskiy ZHBK plant - 50 tons.

Compaction on vibratory platforms, compared to other methods (for example, vibrocores), requires high initial costs and high energy consumption (due to additional costs for vibrating molds), but due to high productivity, minimal manual labor and good compaction quality, it has become widespread in enterprises. precast concrete.

Concrete Compaction Equipment

Concrete mix in the manufacture of iron concrete products and structures are compacted by vibrating, centrifuging, vibro-stamping, vibro-rolling and pressing. The choice of method for compacting a concrete mixture depends on the configuration, design and purpose of the reinforced concrete product and the technology adopted for its manufacture.

In transport construction, mainly two methods of compacting a concrete mixture are used: by vibrating with the help of special vibration mechanisms (vibrators) and by centrifugation, i.e. in special machines using centrifugal force.

Vibrators used to compact the concrete mixture are classified according to the type of drive and the method of transmitting the vibrations of the concrete mixture. Depending on the type of drive, they are divided into electric, pneumatic and hydraulic. Electric vibrators are divided into electromagnetic and electromechanical.

According to the method of transmitting vibrations, surface, external, deep and easel vibrators are distinguished.

The source of oscillations of any vibrator is a vibration mechanism, the design of which depends on the purpose of the vibrator. The most common are unbalance, electromagnetic and pneumatic vibration mechanisms.

Unbalance vibration mechanisms are produced in two types: the mechanism of the first type is a hollow body, inside of which an unbalance is mounted on two ball bearings. The unbalance is rotated by a rigid or flexible shaft connected to the motor shaft. When the unbalance rotates, circular vibrations occur, transmitted through the bearings to the housing, and from it to the compacted concrete mixture. The vibration frequency of the housing corresponds to the number of revolutions of the shaft on which the unbalance is installed. Such vibration mechanisms are used in internal vibrators.

Rice. 1. Schemes of vibration mechanisms

Rice. 2. Scheme of pneumatic vibration mechanism

The unbalance mechanism of the second type is a hollow body, inside of which there is an electric motor with one or two unbalances. When the motor shaft rotates, unbalances create circular vibrations, which are transmitted through the bearings to the vibrator housing or the working platform (depending on the design of the vibrator). This principle of operation for deep, surface, external and easel vibrators.

The electromagnetic vibrating mechanism is an AC electromagnet mounted on the job site. The core of the electromagnet is rigidly fixed in the center of the working platform, and the armature is connected to the working platform of the electromagnet by means of lugs and bolts with springs. Variable electricity, passing through the winding of the coil, put on the core, creates an electromagnetic field that causes periodic attraction of the armature and the core and repulsion under the action of the spring. The frequency of the oscillations created in this way depends on the frequency of the alternating current flowing through the winding of the core coil.

Such mechanisms are used in vibrating platforms, vibrating screens and feeders.

The pneumatic vibration mechanism is a cylinder, inside of which there is a piston that reciprocates under the action of compressed air. Compressed air enters the cylinder through the junction box alternately from the right and left sides of the piston through the inlet channels and bypass channels. The speed of the piston, and hence the frequency of oscillation of the vibration mechanism, depends on the pressure of the compressed air entering the cylinder.

The planetary vibration mechanism has a ring in the housing. A slider mounted on a rod rolls along the treadmill of this ring. The rod is rotated by the motor shaft through a hinge.

Rice. 3. Diagram of the electromagnetic vibration mechanism

Rice. 4. Scheme of the planetary vibration mechanism

The oscillation frequency in planetary vibration mechanisms depends on the number of revolutions of the rod on which the runner is fixed, as well as on the diameter of the runner and the treadmill.

Surface vibrators transmit the vibrations of the concrete mixture to their working part installed directly on the surface of the compacted layer. These vibrators are used in the construction of road surfaces, floors, etc.

The electromechanical surface vibrator consists of a metal trough and an unbalanced vibration mechanism bolted to the trough.

The vibration mechanism is mounted in the housing and is an asynchronous electric motor with two unbalances.

External vibrators are mounted on the formwork of the concrete product or structure and transmit vibrations of the concrete mix through this formwork. Such vibrators are used for the construction of columns, vaults, pipes and other monolithic reinforced concrete structures, as well as for the manufacture of large reinforced concrete products in molds. In addition, these vibrators are used to facilitate the unloading of materials from dump trucks and bins, passing materials through chutes and through screens.

For an external pendulum-type vibrator, the stator of an asynchronous squirrel-cage electric motor of a special design is fixed in two elongated bearing shields that act as pendulum levers. The lower ends of these shields are connected with the base working plate of the vibrator by means of bearings and axles. Sector unbalances are installed at the output ends of the motor rotor shaft. They are closed with covers bolted to end shields.

Deep vibrators transmit the vibrations of the concrete mixture with their body, immersed in the mixture. These vibrators are used to compact large masses of concrete mixture in the construction of large structures from monolithic concrete.

Deep vibrator with flexible shaft and unbalance vibrating mechanism consists of an electric motor closed type with a gearbox, a flexible shaft and a vibrating tip, inside of which an unbalanced vibration mechanism is placed.

Electromechanical vibrators are produced with a power of 0.2 to 4 kW with an oscillation frequency of 6 thousand, 10 thousand and 20 thousand per minute and a driving force of 130 to 3000 kgf. In addition, there are pneumatic vibrators with the number of vibrations from 2 thousand to 18 thousand per minute.

Rice. 5. Surface vibrator

Rice. 6. External pendulum vibrator

Rice. 7. Flexible shaft vibrator

The concrete mixture or mortar is saturated with air during mixing, transportation, distribution and laying in a mold (formwork). Various mechanical compaction methods are used to remove air from the mixture. A few seconds after the start of mechanical action on it (compression-rolling, vibration, exposure to centrifugal forces or vacuum, etc.), the mixture turns from a gelatinous state into a heavy liquid, fills all parts of the molds, envelops the reinforcement, the surface of the concrete mix occupies a horizontal position while the air bubbles go up. The duration of the mechanical action on the mixture depends on its rigidity and usually does not exceed several minutes. With an excessively long exposure, the mixture is stratified - a large aggregate sinks to the bottom of the mold, the reinforcing cage is displaced, etc.

In the repair and construction of buildings, vibration and less often vacuum methods of compacting the concrete mixture are used. Vibration compaction is based on the communication of harmonic vibrations of the concrete mixture, as a result of which, due to the impact on the components of sign-variable velocities and accelerations, the bonds between the components are broken. With an increase in the amplitude and frequency of vibrations, the intensity of the destruction of bonds between the components increases, while the productivity of the vibrocompactor increases.

According to the type of vibration exciters, vibration devices are divided into eccentric, in which vibrations are created due to the rotation of an unbalanced unbalanced mass, and into machines, in which vibrations are created due to the reciprocating motion of a certain mass. As driving force vibratory devices use compressed air, electromagnetic fields or a mechanism driven by an electric, hydraulic and pneumomotor or an internal combustion engine.

According to the form of oscillations, vibrators are divided into vibrators with circular and rectilinearly directed oscillations.

By design, vibration devices are divided into surface, deep with a remote or with a built-in engine. Some types of vibrators are used to vibrate various devices and systems, and therefore they are attached to molds for the manufacture of products, to bunkers, skips, etc.

Surface vibrator is a trough-shaped shield 6 with handles for its movement on the surface of the product. A vibration element is attached to the shield, consisting of an electric motor, a rotor, at the ends of the shaft of which unbalances are installed in the form of a semicircle or sector.

The electric motor is supplied with alternating current from a safety voltage network of 36 V, 50 Hz using a plug connector. Shaft speed - 2800 min-1. The mass of the vibrator is 53 kg, overall dimensions are 1.1X0.6X0.27 m, power is 0.6 kW, the magnitude of the disturbing force is 40.. .80 kN.

Rice. 8. Surface vibrator

The unbalance consists of two plates, by turning them on the shaft relative to each other, you can change the value of the unbalanced mass from zero to a maximum. As the disturbing force increases, the sealing performance increases. However, at the same time, energy consumption increases, noise increases and the destructive effect on the metal structure of the installation increases.

Surface vibrators are widely used in the construction of floors for compaction and leveling of concrete mixtures with a layer thickness of up to 0.15 m.

A variety of surface vibrators are vibrating slats (vibrating bars), on which several vibrators are sometimes installed. With the help of vibrating screeds, it is possible to level and compact the mixture in the manufacture of concrete paths, driveways, floors, corridors, etc.

A deep vibrator (vibrator head) with a built-in electric motor is shown in fig. 9. During operation, these vibrators are immersed in a mass of concrete mix. The domestic industry produces vibrators weighing 9, 15 and 22 kg with an oscillation frequency of 183 s-1, a body diameter of 50, 75 and 100 mm, a disturbing unbalance force of 2.5; 5.5 y \ 10 kN. The vibrator consists of a cylindrical body in which an electric motor and an unbalanced shaft are mounted. The housing is connected to the control handle through a rubber coupling, which dampens the vibration transmitted to the worker's hands.

Rice. 9. Deep electromechanical vibrators:
a, b - unbalanced vibrators with built-in electric drive; c - deep electromechanical vibrator with a flexible shaft; d, b - vibro-tips with unbalance-runners with internal and external running; 1 - vibration exciter; 2 - hose with cable; 3 - switch; 4 - handle; 5 - unbalance; 6 - bearings; 7 - electric motor; 8 - flexible shaft; 9 - vibrotip; 10 - spindle; 11 - elastic coupling; 12 - unbalance slider; 13 - running surface

Deep vibrators with a flexible shaft are widely used in the manufacture of monolithic structures. They have a small diameter and mass of the working body, which allows them to be immersed in hard-to-reach places between rebars. The vibrator consists of an electric motor with a carrying handle and a switch connected by means of a flexible shaft to the tip. Inside the tip is a planetary vibration exciter. The exciter is made in the form of a composite cylindrical body with a massive part at the bottom, machined at the end. A bearing assembly is screwed into the upper part, through which a flexible drive shaft passes. A runner in the form of a rod is attached to the end of this shaft through a rubber sleeve, at the end of which there is a conical thickening.

Rice. 10. Trowels:
a - one-day with elastic suspension; b - two-disk with a rigid suspension; 1 - trowel discs; 2 - reducer; 3- electric motor; 4 - control knob with a fitting and a valve for water supply; 5 - output shafts of the planetary gearbox

Internal vibrators used at construction sites have a mass of 26...59 kg, a vibration exciter body diameter of 28...76 mm, an oscillation frequency of 334...175 s-1 and a disturbing force of 1.8. ..4.0 kN.

In recent years, construction sites have begun to use vacuum methods for compacting and dehydrating concrete mixtures with a layer thickness of up to 0.15 m. The working equipment is a vacuum bar, which is a hollow structure (dimensions 3.0 × 0.3 × 0.15 m ) connected by flexible pipes (diameter 0.06 m) to a vacuum pump with a power of about 5 kW and giving 80% vacuum. The lower part of the beam has many small holes. In the process of moving the beam along the surface of the concrete, air and excess water are sucked out of the concrete mixture. After vacuum treatment, the surface can be smoothed immediately. This method of compaction is highly productive and noiseless, but it requires additional time to perform a number of preparatory work.

After compacting the concrete mixture and checking that its surface conforms to the required marks, they begin to smooth the surface. Various manual machines are used for smoothing (grouting).

A trowel with a textolite disk working body is shown in fig. 10. The machine is intended for smoothing a layer of plaster or in some cases sand-cement solution for concrete surfaces. The disc diameter is 0.3 m, weight is about 3 kg. The machine has a pneumatic rotary four-blade motor, a two-stage planetary gearbox and a working body. Machine components are mounted in an aluminum handle housing, the configuration of which makes the machine suitable for smoothing vertical surfaces. The machine has a wetting device in the form of a tube with holes for supplying water to the smoothed surface. In order to obtain the required surface quality, it is necessary to use fine-grained sand for the solution, and start smoothing after a certain exposure of the plastered surface.

When finishing operations, a machine designed also for plastering is used. It has a working body in the form of concentrically arranged rings with a diameter of 0.22 m and a disk with rubbing surfaces made of wood, foam plastic, chipboard, felt or nylon. The drive of the working body is carried out from a high-frequency motor, on the shaft of which there is a gear, which is engaged with the internal teeth of the ring drive gear and with the disk drive gear. When the motor is turned on, the disk and ring rotate in different directions. The car has the union for water supply to the rubbed surface.

Rice. 11. Manual trowel

DZM-9B type machines (Fig. 11) are used to smooth the surface of freshly laid concrete floors (drives, paths) or various monolithic concrete structures. This machine contains a high-frequency electric motor with a squirrel-cage rotor, a disk working body, a two-stage gearbox, a hinged lever with a switch, a handle for transportation and a current-carrying cord with a plug. To smooth down, you need to press the stopper, lower the lever and pull the trigger. In the process of work, in order to achieve the required quality of smoothing, the machine is informed of circular and translational movements. Machine weight 8…15 kg. The circumferential speed of the disc is 8.. .10 m / s with a diameter of 0.4 ... 0.6 m. The required cleanliness of smoothing for surfaces that are going to be painted or pasted with wallpaper is 0.6 ... in common areas - 0.3 ... 0.6 mm, for floors covered with linoleum - 1.2. ..2.5 mm.

Block vibration platforms

Vibrating platform SMZH-200G with a load capacity of 15 tons with vertically directed vibrations for molding products with a plan size of not more than 3X6 m consists of eight identical vibrating blocks (maximum load capacity of 2 tons) with two-shaft unbalanced vibration exciters of vertically directed action and electromagnets arranged in two rows and interconnected cardan shafts.

Rice. 12. Concrete paver type 2.296

Rice. 13. Vibroplatform CSF-200G

The vibration platform is driven by four electric motors. All four shafts of electric motors rotate synchronously thanks to mechanical synchronizers. To reduce noise, a metal casing is provided.

The two-shaft vibration exciter is a cast steel housing in which two parallel vibrators are installed. Shafts are supported by spherical roller bearings. On each shaft of the vibration exciter there are two unbalances, each of which is a sector fixed on the shaft with an attached replaceable unbalance.

For vibration exciter bearings of vibrating platforms, a liquid lubricant is used, which is poured into the vibration exciter housing to the level of the axis of the lower rollers of the bearings.

The elastic suspension of the vibrating block consists of four pairs of cylindrical springs and coupling bolts, with which the vibrating block is attached to the support frame. Two beams located between the lower and upper pre-compressed suspension springs securely fix the vibrating block against lateral displacements.

The electromagnet serves to attract the form (pallet) to the surface of the vibrating block, which is the supporting surface for the form. The electromagnet is a massive steel case in which a coil of aluminum wire is embedded. The ends of the wire are brought out to the terminal box. With the help of lamas and bolts, the body of the electromagnet is attached to the body of the vibration exciter. The electromagnet coil is powered by 110 V direct current from a selenium rectifier. The gaps between the coil and the body are filled with bitumen. For the normal fastening of the form to the vibrating platform during the compaction of the concrete mixture, it is required that the holding force of the electromagnets exceed the force of separation of the form, which arises from the dynamic forces acting on it.

The vibrating platform SMZh-187G has a similar design, differing in the number of vibroblocks, the distance between them and the drive power. In addition, the vibration platform SMZH-187G, in contrast to the vibration platform SMZH-200G, has a one-way drive.

Along with block vibration platforms with vertically directed harmonic vibrations, vibration platforms SMZh-538A, SMZH-773 and SMZH-774 with shock vibrations are produced.

The vibrating platform SMZh-538A has four separate vibroblocks attached to a common frame through rubber elements, located across the longitudinal axis of the mold. The distance between the axes of the vibroblocks is assumed to be the same as for the vibrating platforms SMZh-187G and SMD-200G-1700 mm.

On top of each vibrating block, there are two pads made of thick rubber, on which the form rests. In the SMZh-538 modification, IV-96 vibrators are used as a vibration drive, two for each vibrating block; in the SMZh-538A modification, the vibrators are replaced by two rows of unbalance shafts connected to each other by cardan shafts; each row of shafts is driven by its own electric motor.

The vibrating platform SMZH-773 is arranged according to the scheme of the block vibrating platform SMZH-187G, it has a one-way drive from two electric motors, mutual synchronization of the rotation of two rows of vibrating shafts, electromagnetic fastening of the molds and is distinguished by half the rotational speed of the drive electric motor and the suspension design of the vibroblocks, providing the shock mode of vibrations.

The vibrating platform SMZH-774 consists of two vibrating platforms installed along a common axis with four vibrating blocks in the form of transverse tables with two vibrating shafts. Each vibrating shaft has its own drive. Vibroblocks are based on stationary frames through an elastic suspension system. Electric motors of drives are located on opposite edges of the vibrating platform. There are no mechanical synchronization, as well as mold fixing. The form is installed on the supporting elements with rubber gaskets. The elastic suspension system of the blocks provides shock operation. Oscillation frequency 25 Hz.

Frame vibration platforms

The most common frame vibration platforms are vibration platforms with multi-component low-frequency vibrations excited by one or two adjustable vibration exciters with a vertical shaft, designed by ECB "Vibrotekhnika" of the Poltava Civil Engineering Institute. The movable frame rests on elastic rubber-metal bearings fixed on the frame installed on the foundation. An unbalanced vibration exciter with a vertical shaft is attached to the movable frame, driven by an asynchronous electric motor through a V-belt transmission. The engine is mounted on a sub-frame mounted on the foundation.

The principal feature of the vibratory platform is that the plane of action of the unbalance driving force does not coincide with the center of mass of the moving parts of the vibratory system of the vibrator. The height displacement of the vibration exciter relative to the center of mass provides, in the presence of elastic supports, the rigidity of which is different horizontally and vertically, the multicomponent nature of the oscillations of the movable frame with elliptical trajectories.

The horizontal and vertical components of the vibration displacement amplitudes of the points of the movable frame are interconnected, their required value is achieved by regulating the static moment of the vibration exciter, and the ratio between them is achieved by installing the vibration exciter at a certain distance from the center of mass of the vibrating platform in height.

To ensure normal compaction of the concrete mix, vibration modes are used with an oscillation frequency of 20 ... 25 Hz and vibration displacement amplitudes of 0.6 ... 1.0 mm horizontally and 0.35 ... 0.45 mm vertically.

Currently, various layouts of vibratory platforms have been developed, designed for the formation of various types of reinforced concrete structures that differ in weight and size.

In vibration platforms, two types of unified vibration exciters VU-10rs and VU-25rs are used.

Depending on the purpose, the vibration platforms are assembled with one or two vibration exciters installed at the ends, on the side or in the middle part of the frame.

For ease of calculation, a shockless vibratory platform with vertically directed vibrations is reduced to a linear system with one degree of freedom. The required vibration frequency and vibration displacement amplitude are specified by technological requirements. The total amplitude of the driving force developed by all in-phase rotating unbalances,

Rice. 14. Frame vibration platform

Rice. 15. Vibration exciter
1 - drive pulley; 2 - body; 3 - housing cover; 4 - unbalance shaft; 5 - removable load; 6 - unbalance; 7 - window cover for installing interchangeable weights

Forming machines and installations

The SMZh-227B machine for molding floor panels consists of a carriage, a drive for void formers, right and left chain supports, a support with sprockets, electrical equipment and pallet stops.

The carriage is used to install the void formers in the mold and extract them from it after molding the products. It is a portal-type structure supported by four wheels and moving along rails.

The carriage movement drive consists of a motor, a brake, a gearbox, a drive sprocket, a gear coupling, a drive shaft with an asterisk and two drive chains, the ends of which are fixed to the carriage with special rods and pins. The drive is mounted on a frame mounted on a foundation.

Rice. 16. Molding machine CSF-227B

To support the chains on the foundation, channel supports are installed, on which limit switches are placed that limit the movement of the carriage.

The changeover of the machine for the production of a product of a new size consists in installing the core formers of the appropriate size and rearranging the limit switch to the required distance, which limits the travel of the carriage when the core formers are introduced into the mold.

In the SMZh-227B machine, vibration-free void formers are used, designed for the use of vibration platforms.

In the SMZh-227 machine of the previous modifications, vibro-hollow-formers were used, which provide deep compaction of rigid concrete mixtures and immediate demoulding without the use of vibration platforms at the molding stations.

The vibro-hollow former is steel pipe 159 mm in diameter with a wall thickness of 6 mm, inside which three vibration groups are freely placed with a gap of 0.5 ... 1.5 mm, consisting of two supports with unbalanced shafts mounted in bearings. The vibration groups are interconnected by shafts with centering elements and elastic couplings.

The outermost connecting shaft is connected by means of a coupling to the drive shaft of the fixed support of the carriage, on which the electric drives are mounted in this case. Under the action of the centrifugal force arising from the rotation of the unbalanced shafts, the supports of the vibrogroups are pressed against the inner wall of the body of the void former, run in and transmit vibrations to the body.

The cassette forming plant consists of a cassette and a machine for stripping and assembling the cassettes. The plant is designed for the production of panels internal walls and floors used in large-panel housing construction. The machine for stripping and assembling cassettes consists of a frame, a hydraulic cylinder, a system of locking levers with shock absorbers, adjusting screws, hydraulic equipment and electrical equipment. The frame is formed by two (front and rear) racks interconnected by support beams, on which the walls of the cassette form are installed with their rollers. Brackets of the hydraulic lever system, hydraulic cylinder and limit switches are attached to the front rack of the frame.

With the help of rods, the lever system is connected to the locking levers. There are adjusting screws on the rear leg of the frame to obtain the required thickness and right position package during assembly. Shock absorbers, pivotally connected to the lever system and adjusting screws, are welded to the outer surfaces of the stationary and removable walls of the cassette form. The hydraulic cylinder and the system of levers move the walls by 850 mm. The control panel and the electrical cabinet are mounted next to the cassette molding machine at the service site.

Rice. 17. Forming plant

The cassette mold is a package of metal walls and thermal compartments, between which molding compartments are formed by onboard equipment. By design features and purpose, the walls can be divided into thermal, intermediate and extreme (stationary and removable). In the assembled form, thermal walls and intermediate walls alternate. The thermal wall, to which steam is supplied to heat the concrete mixture during heat treatment, is made of two metal sheets 24 mm thick and channels attached along the wall contour. The thermal wall must be airtight. The extreme thermal wall from the outside is equipped with a heat-insulating shield. The intermediate walls of the cassette form are made of a sheet 24 mm thick.

All walls of the mold, except for the outer one - removable, are equipped with onboard equipment in accordance with the thickness of the molded products. On the cantilever sections of the intermediate walls on both sides, IV-104 electromechanical vibrators are mounted on brackets, designed to vibrate the walls in the process of filling the cassette form with a concrete mix. The vibrators are installed so that their axis is parallel to the plane of the walls. The vibrations of the intermediate wall should be considered as forced vibrations of an elastic bar placed on two pivotally fixed supports and having two consoles to which a driving force is applied. The oscillation frequency of the wall 1400 kol./min corresponds to the oscillation frequency of the vibrator. The most effective vibration is observed when the vibrator is installed on a console 65 ... 68 cm long. The vibration amplitude of the intermediate walls is 0.08 ... 0.30 mm.

In the upper part, the cassette form is equipped with four protective visors that prevent spillage of the concrete mixture. The steam is supplied through the sleeves to the thermal walls-compartments from the distribution combs. Perforated tubes are installed in the thermal compartments, through which steam enters the compartment. A branch pipe with a tap is provided in the lower part of the thermal compartment to drain condensate. Locks 8 are installed on the walls for their coupling. The lock bar in the upper part is connected to an eccentric, when it is turned, it rises or falls and at the same time connects or separates the mold compartments.

Brackets are welded to the upper end of each wall of the cassette on the right and left for fastening roller supports 9, designed to move the walls of the cassette along the guides of the machine frame during disassembly and assembly of the cassette.

Products are made in the following way. The compartment formed by the end stationary wall and the separating sheet is prepared for molding. After cleaning the surfaces and removing concrete residues, embedded parts and openings are installed and fixed, and the surfaces of the sheets are lubricated.

The reinforcing cage is fed into the compartment and fixed in the required position. The hydraulic cylinder moves the entire package of walls towards the stationary wall until it stops. With the help of locks, a dividing wall is attached to the stationary wall, freeing it from the rest of the package, which is retracted by the same hydraulic cylinder, revealing the next compartment for cleaning, lubricating and reinforcing cage seams. Then the package is brought in by a hydraulic cylinder, the next wall is left, closing the second compartment prepared for concreting, and the package is pushed back, revealing the third compartment, and so on until the last compartment. The last one is the removable wall. Locking levers compress the entire package.

The design of the stripping machine provides for two automatic bag locking mechanisms that protect the cassette from spontaneous opening during the molding and heat treatment of products.

The first mechanism that performs the primary locking of the cassette package operates as follows. Due to the displacement (eccentricity) of the folding arms from the central hinge down relative to the axes of their extreme hinges, the horizontal force from the expansion of the cassette package keeps the levers from spontaneous folding (when the drive is turned off pumping station due to the presence of the above eccentricity between the axes of the locking levers).

The second mechanism performs secondary locking of the cassette package.

The form is ready for concreting. After pouring, the concrete mixture is compacted. Next, steam is supplied to the thermal compartments of the mold and, in accordance with the accepted regime, heat treatment is performed. The form is disassembled in the same way as assembly, but in reverse order. Products eynn-mayut from the compartments with a crane.

Installations SMZh -339A, SMZH -340A, SMZH -341A and SMZH -342, SMZH -800, SMZH -801, SMZH -802 and SMZH -803 are designed for the manufacture of volumetric reinforced concrete blocks of sanitary-technical cabins of the "cap" type and consist from a vibrating table, an extrusion frame, liners, external side equipment, hydraulic equipment, electrical equipment and service platforms.

The vibrating table is the skeleton of the molding plant and contains a vibrating frame, a support frame and a hydraulic drive. There are two hydraulic cylinders on the support frame, the rods of which are pivotally connected to two-arm levers connected by a common drive shaft and providing synchronous lifting and lowering of the extrusion frame without distortions.

The internal cavities of the cabins are formed by liners, which are an all-welded structure, the frame of which is sheathed with steel sheets. To form the outer contour of the product, four sides are pivotally mounted on the extrusion (lifting) frame. When lifting the frame, the sides with the help of rods 6 diverge. A similar device has an installation for the manufacture of tubing elevators.

Rice. 18. Installation for molding sanitary-technical cabins

The side walls of the product are filled with concrete mixture and compacted with the vibrator drive of the vibrating table turned on. At the end of the molding of the side walls, the ceiling of the sanitary cabins is molded.

After laying and vibro-compacting the concrete mix, the installation produces heat treatment of molded products, while steam is supplied directly to the internal cavity of the thermal compartments.

In the SMZh-800 ... 804 units, a fan-shaped scheme for opening the sides and pressing the cores and void formers down is used.

Forming plant (mould) for the manufacture of pressure reinforced concrete pipes by vibrohydropressure consists of an outer casing and an inner core with a rubber cover. The outer casing is a composite cylinder with a longitudinal split, assembled from two or four bent steel sheets. Stiffening ribs are welded to the casing. The parts of the casing are fastened with bolts with springs using flanges. Form joints are sealed with adhesive tape. The inner core consists of two steel cylinders: solid and perforated, as well as a rubber boot put on the perforated cylinder. An annular gap of 6 mm is provided between the outer and inner cylinders of the core, which is filled with water when the concrete mixture is pressed. A rubber bell-former and a steel sealing ring are put on the outer cylinder of the core.

Rice. 19. Installation for forming pressure reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of 500 ... 1600 mm by vibrohydraulic pressing:
a - the form is assembled; b - cross section of the form with concrete; 1 - position before crimping; 11 - position after crimping

A thrust socket ring is installed in the mold socket, and a thrust ring is installed at the sleeve end, and rods of longitudinal reinforcement are passed through their holes, tying them with wire to the spiral frame. The socket ring is attached to the mold with clamps. The longitudinal rods are tensioned using a hydraulic jack, while they center the spiral frame relative to the mold walls, providing the necessary protective layer of concrete. After tensioning the longitudinal reinforcement, the gaps between its rods and the walls of the holes in the thrust rings are covered with molding clay. On the core prepared in a vertical position, the outer casing of the mold is installed with a crane. The assembled form is transferred to the concreting station, where a centering ring is installed in its sleeve end, and a loading cone with a vibrator is also fixed with rubber bands. Several pneumatic vibrators are attached to the mold platforms, depending on the size of the concreted pipe.

A vibratory platform can be used to compact the concrete mixture. In this case, the vibrators are not hung.

The concrete mixture is fed into the mold through the loading cone. During the supply of the mixture, pneumatic vibrators (or a vibrating platform) are switched on and the mixture is compacted. After filling the mold with concrete mixture, the loading cone and the centering ring are removed, and a sealing ring with a cross is installed in their place. The form filled with concrete is transferred by an overhead crane to the pressure test station.

At the crimping station, the mold is fixed in a vertical position and connected through a branch pipe to the water supply. The set of equipment for hydraulic sealing includes installation high pressure, consisting of two cylinders with a volume of 410 liters each, two pumps - high and low pressure, a compressor, a low pressure tank and four electrocontact pressure gauges.

The essence of the process is as follows. Water is supplied under pressure into the cavity between the solid and perforated cylinders of the mold core. Penetrating through the holes in the cylinder under the rubber cover, water expands it, making pressure testing. At the same time, as a result of the compression of the spring of the bolts, the outer casing of the mold opens. The resulting gap reaches 12 ... 15 mm. The expansion of the mold begins at a pressure of 0.25 ... 0.3 MPa. The freshly laid concrete mixture follows the deformations of the form, pulls the coils of the reinforcing cage along with it and induces tensile stresses in them, thereby straining the reinforcement.

The pressure created under the rubber boot depends on the purpose of the pipes and their diameter. For pipes designed to operate at a liquid pressure of 1.0 ... 1.2 MPa, this pressure reaches 2.9 ... 3.4 MPa.

The subsequent heat treatment of pipes, which is carried out by launching live steam into the cavity of the inner part of the mold through the distribution ring in the lower part of the mold and under the steaming cover while maintaining the specified pressing pressure, fixes the position of the reinforcement in the stretched state until the concrete acquires high strength (30.0 … 35.0 MPa). Steaming. The cover consists of a canvas cover and a frame with a loop for connection to an overhead crane hook. After the end of the heat treatment, the steaming jacket rises, the pressure decreases to zero, and water is removed from the inside of the mold.

The form, detached from the base, is transferred by a crane to the assembly pit, where the ring with the cross is removed. A vacuum system is connected to the inside of the mold, which removes residual water from the inner container of the mold.

Molding machines SMZh-194B and SMZh-329 for the manufacture of concrete non-pressure pipes with a diameter of 300 ... 600 mm and 800 ... 1200 mm by radial pressing are used in technological semi-copier lines.

Machine tools SMZh-194B, SMZH-329 consist of a traverse with a rotation mechanism, a funnel, a bell forming mechanism, a bed with service platforms, a turntable with a rotation drive, hydraulic cylinders, a hydraulic drive with a feeder pumping station, a feeder drive, a table clamp, a hopper, a lifting mechanism and fixing funnels, molds and electrical equipment.

Two vertical guides are fixed on the frame, along which, with the help of plunger hydraulic cylinders, the traverse with the roller head rotation mechanism is raised and lowered. The traverse is a welded body; a flanged motor is installed on it, the torque from which is transmitted through the gearbox to the drive shaft. To measure the shaft speed, the gearbox has four pairs of interchangeable gears.

The drive shaft rotates in a housing mounted on a traverse. A roller head is attached to the lower end of the shaft.

The socket forming mechanism is installed under the turntable on the support frame on the same vertical axis as the traverse drive shaft and moves vertically with the help of a hydraulic cylinder along two guides fixed on the frame. An engine is installed on the mechanism case, the torque from which is transmitted through a helical gear and worm gear to the drive vertical shaft.

The form located on turntable diametrically opposite to the vertical axis of the machine, rotates on the table by 180° and is mounted on the vertical axis of the machine. The operator turns on the hydraulic cylinder, and the traverse, which is in the upper position, moves down. Together with the traverse, the feed funnel is lowered until the skirt of the roller head is flush with the top surface of the pallet. Then the operator turns on the rotation drive of the bell molding mechanism with its simultaneous lifting, and the vibrators start working. Rotation and vibration are transmitted to the pallet. The roller head rotation drive is turned on, the concrete mixture is fed from the feeder into the mold. After the end of the molding of the socket, the rotating roller head rises, compacting the supplied concrete mixture. After the head exits the mold, the feed funnel rises and the mold is released. By turning the carousel, the form with the product is fed to the post of its removal from the machine.

The SMZh-542 machine is designed for the manufacture of reinforced concrete rings for manholes of water and sewer networks with a diameter of 700, 1000 and 1500 mm. It consists of a rotation mechanism, a funnel, a hopper, a feeder, a carousel, a frame, a hydraulic cylinder, a pumping station, electrical equipment and equipment sets.

Rice. 20. Machine for the production of non-pressure pipes

The rotation mechanism consists of a three-speed four-stage gearbox, a main shaft and a roller head with three speeds.

Rice. 21. Centrifuge for forming racks of lighting poles and contact networks

The rotational speed of the roller head is adjustable depending on the molding modes and the diameter of the product.

The funnel provides the formation of the upper end of the product and the reception of the excess concrete mixture after molding. When the head leaves the mold, its rotation and lifting stops. The funnel rises, and the form with the product is fed by turning the carousel to the post of removal of the form.

The centrifuge SMZH-169B is designed for forming racks of lighting poles and contact networks up to 15.5 m long and consists of a support frame, drive rollers, supporting rollers, an electric drive and a fence.

The support frame is used to install the rollers. Rollers with axles rotate in bearings installed in split housings, which allows them to be repaired without violating the regulation of the roller bearings. The base of supporting rollers can be changed, which makes it possible to work with molds having a bandage diameter of 490 ... 800 mm. The drive rollers of all supports are interconnected by gear couplings and shafts. The design of gear couplings allows misalignment of the shafts, which should be minimal in order to maintain shape, reduce noise and ensure the normal operation of the gearing.

To ensure the safety of the centrifuge and prevent the form from swinging vertically, all supports are equipped with safety levers with rollers.

The shafts of the two extreme spans of the centrifuge are connected through gear couplings to the drive shaft carrying the pulley. The centrifuge is driven by two motors through a two-stage belt drive.

Work on the centrifuge begins with the installation of the form. Then the lever turns the rollers of the safety device and fixes it. The operator on the control panel turns on the drive motors.

At the same time, a software time relay is switched on, which controls the time required for the manufacture of the product. The transition of the centrifuge from the rotational speed at which the concrete mixture is distributed to the rotational speed at which the mixture is compacted is carried out using speed adjusters.

When the mold stops rotating, the safety rollers move away from it, the fence moves away, and the mold with the product is transferred to heat treatment by a bridge crane.

When compacting a concrete mixture, it is necessary to create conditions under which the particles of the mixture can take the most stable position relative to each other, excluding their further movement even in an unhardened state.

The strength of concrete is determined by the strength of the aggregates (crushed stone, gravel, sand), as well as the binder (cement), which should be as close as possible to the strength of the aggregates. At present, the strength of binders is still significantly lower than the strength of aggregates used for the manufacture of reinforced concrete products, especially high grades.

The most durable will be such concrete, in which large and small aggregate particles will occupy almost the entire volume of the product, leaving the cement paste binding them into a single whole (and after hardening, respectively, cement stone) only thin layers and the smallest spaces between densely packed aggregate particles. To obtain such concrete, it is necessary to correctly select the composition of the concrete mixture and compact it with high quality.

Electromechanical manual deep vibrators are manufactured with a remote electric motor with a flexible shaft connecting the electric motor with a working vibrating tip, or with an electric motor built directly into the vibrator body.

During operation, the vibrating tip of a deep manual vibrator is lowered into the layer of concrete mixture to a depth not exceeding the length of the working part, and as the mixture is compacted, it is rearranged in increments not exceeding 1.5 of the vibrator's radius of action.

Manual internal vibrators with flexible shaft

Deep vibrators with a flexible shaft are designed to compact concrete mixtures with a cone draft of 3-5 cm when laying them in thin-walled monolithic structures, as well as densely reinforced arrays. The distance between the reinforcement bars must be at least 1.5 of the diameter of the vibration tip.

The vibrators are equipped with an electric motor, a flexible shaft and two replaceable vibrating tips of the same standard size (the IV-47 vibrator is equipped with two flexible shafts).

In the upper part of the electric motor there is a batch switch PV2-25. The electric motor is mounted on a base that ensures its stable position on a horizontal surface.

The torque from the electric motor shaft is transmitted to the vibrotip spindle through the flexible shaft with the help of a cam clutch that allows only right rotation, corresponding to the winding of the flexible shaft.

Internal vibrators with a flexible shaft have a planetary type vibrating mechanism.

Vibrators IV-17, IV-27, IV-67, IV-66 and IV-75 have runners with external running, and the IV-47 vibrator has a runner with internal running.

In other respects, the design of the vibrating tips of the vibrators is similar. Each of them is a hermetically sealed body, inside of which there is an unbalance connected to the vibration tip spindle by an elastic rubber-metal coupling.

When unbalances run in the bushing or in the core, vibrational oscillations of the tips occur.

All external connections of vibro-tips housings, as well as connections of flexible shaft with electric motor and vibro-tips have left-hand thread.

The output power of the transformer must be at least 1 kVA for the IV-17 and IV-27 vibrators, and at least 1.5 kVA for the IV-47 vibrator.

The voltage at the motor terminals during operation of the vibration tip in concrete should not be lower than 34V. When the voltage drops below 34V, increase the cable cross-section or shorten its length; if after that the voltage does not increase, it is necessary to increase the power of the transformer.

Manual internal vibrators with a built-in electric motor with a distance between the reinforcement bars of at least 1.5 of the outer diameter of the vibrator body.

Deep vibrators with a built-in electric motor are designed to compact concrete mixtures with a cone draft of 1-5 cm when laying them in monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures.

Rice. 22. Deep vibrator IV-59
1 - body; 2 - bearings; 3 - unbalance; 4 - unbalance shaft; 5 - inclined channel of the unbalance shaft for lifting liquid lubricant; 6 - radial hole; 7 - stator; 8 - rotor; 9 - lower handle; 10 - shock absorber; 11 - rod; 12 - batch switch; 13 - upper handle; 14 - liquid lubricant

Manual internal vibrators with built-in electric motor IV-55, IV-56, IV-59 and IV-60 are similar in design. Their working parts are a hermetically sealed cylindrical body, inside which are built-in electric motors and an unbalance vibration exciter.

The vibrators are equipped with a three-phase asynchronous electric motor with a squirrel-cage rotor.

During operation, the IV-55 and IV-56 vibrators are held by a rubber-fabric sleeve that absorbs vibrations, one end of which is attached to the body of the vibrotip, and the other to a sealed box in which the PVZ-25 packet switch is mounted.

For the convenience of working with IV-59 and IV-60 vibrators, a branch pipe is welded to the upper part of their body, which is the lower part of the rod, to which it is attached with a shock absorber. top part rods with handle and sealed box. A package switch PVZ-25 is mounted in the rod box. The shock absorber serves to dampen vibrations on the upper handle.

To power the electric motors of the IV-55 and IV-56 vibrators, the frequency converters S-572A, I-75V, as well as the static frequency converter PChS-4-200-36, are recommended, respectively.

To power the electric motors of IV-59 and IV-60 vibrators, it is recommended to use frequency converters I-75V and ChS-7 with a step-down transformer TSPK-20A, as well as static frequency converters CHS-4-200-36 and CHS-10-200-36 with a power respectively 4 and YukVa, frequency 200Hz and voltage 36V.-

The cross section of the current-carrying core of the supply cable of the IV-55, IV-56, IV-59 and IV-60 vibrators must be 1.5, respectively; 2.5; 4 and 6 mm2.

If the voltage at the vibrator switch terminals drops below 32 V, it is necessary to stop the vibrator and provide a voltage of 36 V by reducing the cable length, increasing the cross section of the supply cable or increasing the power of the frequency converter.

The length of the power cable should not exceed 5-10 m.

When working with several vibrators from one frequency converter, the vibrators should be switched on one at a time with a shutter speed that ensures full start of the vibrator electric motor.

It is necessary to pull out the vibrator from the concrete mixture only when the electric motor is on. During operation, the vibrator housing should be completely immersed in the concrete mixture.

The operation of the vibrator in air and with the working part not completely immersed in the concrete mixture will lead to

to the rapid destruction of the insulation of the windings, since the electric motor is designed to work with intensive cooling of its concrete mixture.

During operation, it is not allowed to turn off the vibrator immersed in the concrete mixture, clamp it between the reinforcing bars, and press it against the formwork.

Manual Pneumatic Internal Vibrators

Pneumatic deep vibrators S-697, S-698, S-699, S-700 and S-923 are similar in design and represent a hermetically sealed cylindrical body, inside which is enclosed a planetary pneumatic motor-vibration exciter.

Rice. 23. Deep pneumatic vibrator С-699
1 - body; 2- nut; 3 - outer hose; inner hose; 5 - slider; 6 - hollow axis; 7 - scapula; 8 - end shields with exhaust holes, 9 - crane; 10 - union nut; 11 - nipple; 12 - working chamber; 13 - exhaust chamber

The stator of the air motor in the form of a hollow axis with one blade stands motionless, and the rotor planetarily rolls around the stator, acting as an unbalance runner.

The blade divides the cavity between the slider and the axle into two chambers: working and exhaust. The slider is driven by compressed air entering the working chamber of the air motor through an internal flexible hose through a central hole drilled in the axle. Clinging under the action of centrifugal force to the axis, the slider rolls around it with a frequency depending on the air pressure in the network. The exhaust air enters the exhaust chamber and from there through the side holes in the shields through the outer rubber-fabric hose - to the exhaust.

The center of gravity of the slider is shifted relative to the axis of the inner hole, due to which the vibrator creates two-frequency vibrations.

On the S-700 vibrator, handles are provided to perceive the reactive moment and create greater convenience in work.

The C-923 vibrator, instead of an external rubber-fabric hose, is equipped with a rigid rod with two handles: upper and lower. The bar consists of two parts interconnected by a rubber shock absorber.

The start and stop of the vibrators is carried out by a crane or a special starting device.

For normal operation of deep pneumatic vibrators, a hose with an inner diameter of at least 16 mm and a length of no more than 8-10 m should be used. When increasing the length of the hose, it is necessary to increase its cross section accordingly.

The pressure in the compressed air network must be at least 0.4 MPa.

During operation, tension and sharp bends of the hose must not be allowed.

When working in winter conditions at negative temperatures, it is necessary to ensure that the compressed air is thoroughly cleaned of moisture in order to avoid freezing of condensate and the formation of ice plugs.

The rules for working with electromechanical vibrators when compacting a concrete mixture equally apply to pneumatic vibrators.

Suspended internal vibrators

Suspended internal vibrators are used both in a single version and in the form of vibrating packages consisting of several vibrators.

Vibrators IV-34 (S-827) and S-649 have a planetary-type vibration exciter with internal runner running. The electric motor of the S-827 vibrator is remote, and the S-649 vibrator is built into the body. The vibrators are equipped with three-phase asynchronous motors with a squirrel-cage rotor.

Vibrators are united by a common frame; fastening of each vibrator to the frame is carried out by clamps through rubber shock-absorbing pads.

The sliding frame allows you to change the distance between the vibrators.

Rice. 24. Suspended deep vibrator IV-34 (S-827)
1 - core; 2 - slider; 3 - vibrator housing; 4 - rubber-metal articulated coupling; 5 - spindle; 6 - shock absorber; 7 - electric motor

Rice. 25. Pack of four C-649 vibrators
1 - frame; 2 - clamp; 3 - terminal box; 4 - chain suspension; 5 - vibrators

The electric motors of the vibrators are powered from the mains through a busbar box mounted on the frame.

The vibration package is hung on the hook of a crane or other lifting device using a chain suspension.

To compact the concrete mixture, vibrators are used with an oscillation frequency (usually 3000, but sometimes 15,000 per minute) and with an oscillation amplitude of 0.1 to 3 mm. There are surface vibrators, deep (internal), external and easel vibrators.

Vibrating elements (vibration exciters) are the basis of vibrators: electromechanical, electromagnetic and pneumatic.

Electromechanical vibrating elements can be single-shaft, twin-shaft, pendulum and planetary. In a single-shaft element, counterweights (unbalances) are fixed on the motor shaft, the rotation of which leads to vibration. The operating voltage of the element is 36 V.

An electromagnetic vibrating element consists of a base with a core and an electromagnetic coil, an armature and springs. A selenium rectifier is included in the power circuit of the electromagnetic coil, which turns the alternating current into a direct pulsating one. Under the action of electromagnetic forces, the armature is attracted to the core 50 times per second. The accelerated withdrawal of the anchor is provided by springs.

Pneumatic vibration elements are divided into piston and planetary. In the piston element, vibrations occur as a result of the reciprocating movement of the piston inside the housing. Compressed air enters the left side of the cylinder through the pipeline, inlet channel, bypass channel and displaces the piston to the right. The air from the right cavity of the cylinder exits through the exhaust channel. Having passed the middle position, the piston closes the channels and opens the channels. At the same time, compressed air begins to flow into the right cavity of the cylinder and displaces the piston to the left. By adjusting the pressure in the supply line, the oscillation frequency of the piston changes.

Rice. 26. Vibrating elements
a - electromechanical; b - electromagnetic; in - pneumatic piston; g - pneumatic planetary

Pneumatic planetary vibratory element consists of a housing, in the end walls of which a fixed axle with a textolite blade and a rotating unbalance rotor are fixed. The blade separates the chamber into the working and exhaust cavities. Compressed air enters through the longitudinal and radial drillings in the axis into the working cavity, then into the exhaust and through the holes in the side walls goes to the exhaust.

Surface vibrators are installed directly on the concrete mixture to be compacted and moved manually during operation. Such a vibrator consists of a vibrating element (electromechanical or electromagnetic) mounted on a steel trough-shaped plate, wooden platform or an I-beam (vibrating rail). The vibration frequency of the vibrator is 2800-2850 per minute.

Rice. 27. Surface vibrators
a - vibration platform; b - vpbrolake

Deep vibrators (immersed in concrete mix) include a vibrator with a flexible shaft and a vibrator with a built-in vibrator head motor. To compact the concrete mixture in large, weakly reinforced massifs, batch deep vibrators are used, made up of 8-16 vibrators.

The vibrator head shown in fig. 28, a, consists of a steel closed case, inside of which a shaft is placed in bearings. A counterweight (unbalance) is installed on the middle part of the shaft, and the rotor of the electric motor is installed on the cantilever part. The stator is fixed in the vibrator housing, which is attached to the rod with a handle and a switch. The vibrator head has a working part diameter of 114 and 133 mm. The number of oscillations is 5700 per minute.

Rice. 28. Internal vibrators
a - vibrator head; b - with a flexible shaft; c - with planetary vibration element

Vibrators with a flexible shaft are used when concreting densely reinforced structures. From the electric motor (motor head), the rotation is transmitted by a gear to a flexible shaft protected by armor. A replaceable vibration tip is screwed into the threaded bushing, which is an eccentric shaft mounted in ball bearings. The vibrator is turned on by turning the handle of the electric motor switch. The number of oscillations is 6700 and 10,000 per minute, the diameter of the vibrotip is 51 and 76 mm.

A vibrator with a remote motor and a planetary vibrating element with internal unbalance rolling is shown in fig. 28, b. Rotation from the motor shaft is transmitted to a vertical shaft with couplings 16, allowing the lower part of the shaft 17 to deviate from the geometric axis by up to 5°.

In addition to high-frequency oscillations in planetary vibrators, there are oscillations with a frequency equal to the number of revolutions of the motor shaft 3000 per minute.

Designed for the production of reinforced concrete products in metal molds, for compacting the concrete mixture in them.

They are divided into several types according to their purpose, types of vibration produced and the principle of operation:

Vibrating table SV-1400.

Designed for the production of road and sidewalk curbs

- and single forms.

It is equipped with an industrial vibrator with a power of 0.5 kW, 2800 rpm, 220 V.

Specifications:
Rated frequency of fluctuations kol/min — 2800
Maximum centrifugal (force) force, kN — 5
Maximum static unbalance moment, kg cm - 5.1
Dimensions:
Width - 500 mm
Length - 1456 mm
Height - 860 mm

Weight, kg - 150-190
Service personnel, pers. - 2
Characteristics of electrical equipment:
Type of mains current - variable
Rated voltage of the power circuit, V - 220
Rated power of the vibrator, kW - 0.5
Price 35 500 rubles.

Note! As standard, one industrial vibrator with a power of 0.5 kW, 2800 rpm, 220 V is installed on the vibrating table.
We install more vibrators at the request of the customer.
Voltage 380 V is available on request.

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Vibrating table SMZH-200-2

Designed for the production of reinforced concrete products as a compaction of the concrete mixture. The vibrating table consists of a support frame on which a vibrating frame with shafts and imbalances is installed. Imbalances are subjected to vibration frequency adjustment. Metal stops are installed on the vibrating frame, which prevent the displacement of the metal mold during vibration.

Consolidates the concrete mixture in the production of reinforced concrete products. Consists of two vibrotubes SMZH-200.

Technical characteristics of one vibrating cabinet SMZH-200-2:

– load capacity 5 tons (total 10 tons)

- engine power 18.5 kW (total 37 kW), speed 3000.

— Platform, dimensions: length/width (mm) 2495/1730

— Dimensions of one pedestal: length/width/height (mm) 2200/2100/450

– The size of the molded product is up to 8000 mm

– Required foundation: reinforced concrete slab 300 mm thick, anchoring – 6 anchors.

Advantages of CSF-200-2:

Powerful vibration, pedestals do not resonate.

It is possible to install a frequency converter to adjust the engine speed (vibration values).

It is possible to increase the carrying capacity.

Vibrating cabinets SMZh-200

Vibrating cabinet SMZH-200 (1750*1700mm.15 kW)	535 000
Vibrating cabinet SMZH-200 (1700*1200mm.15 kW)	535 000
Vibrating cabinet SMZH-200 (2000*1700mm.18.5 kW)	551 000
Vibrating cabinet SMZH-200 (2200*1750mm.18.5 kW)	561 000
Vibrating cabinet SMZH-200 (2200*2100mm.18.5 kW)	583 000
Vibrating cabinet SMZH-200 (2500*1750mm.18.5 kW)	599 000
Vibrating cabinet SMZH-200 (2500*2100mm.18.5 kW)	615 000

Vibrating platform for metal molds.

Vibrating platform prices for metal molds.

Vibrating platform VSM (1500x2000) (2 vibrators VI 98B included) - 166,200 rubles.

Vibrating platform VSM-1 (1500x3000) (3 VI 98B vibrators included) — 175,700 rubles.

Vibration platform VSM-2 (2000x3000) (4 VI 98B vibrators included) — 198,300 rubles.

Vibrating platform VSM-3 (2000x4000) (6 vibrators VI 98B included) — 317,250 rubles.

Vibrating platform VSM-4 (2000x6000) (8 vibrators VI 98B included) - 407,900 rubles.

Vibration platform VSM-5 (2000x8300) (8 VI 98B vibrators included) — 450,200 rubles.

Vibrating platform VSM-6 (2000x11000) (10 VI 98B vibrators included) — 566,500 rubles.

Vibrating platform prices for metal molds:

Vibrating platform VSM (1500x2000 mm) (2 vibrators VI 98B included) — RUB 166,200
Vibrating platform VSM-1 (1500x3000) (3 vibrators VI 98B included) — RUB 175,700
Vibrating platform VSM-2 (2000x3000) (4 vibrators VI 98B included) — RUB 198,300
Vibrating platform VSM-3 (2000x4000) (6 vibrators VI 98B included) — RUB 317,250
Vibration platform VSM-4 (2000x6000) (8 vibrators VI 98B included) — RUB 407,900
Vibrating platform VSM-5 (2000x8300) (8 vibrators VI 98B included) — 450 200 rub.
Vibration platform VSM-6 (2000x11000) (10 vibrators VI 98B included) — RUB 566,500

Consultations on all equipment can be obtained by calling +7 912 734 45 20

A vibratory platform is a special device, the main purpose of which is the compaction of concrete mixtures in the production of reinforced concrete, concrete panels, slabs, blocks, etc. The use of such equipment in construction prolongs the service life of concrete products, ensures their strength and reliability.

It is possible to supply such vibration platforms as VPK-20, VPK-15, VPK-10, CSF vibration platform.

Vibroblocks can be divided into subcategories according to such characteristics as load capacity, vibration pattern, type of construction, type of installed vibrators, etc.

According to the nature of vibrations, vibration platforms can be with non-harmonic shock-vibration vibrations, directed vertical harmonic vibrations, circular harmonic vibrations. According to the design of the vibrating platform can be block or frame type. According to the type of installed vibrators: vibration platforms with electromagnetic or hydraulic vibrators, with unbalanced runners.

Vibration platforms with directional vertical harmonic oscillations operate according to the following principle: two identical vibrators are installed in the same plane, which rotate in different directions, thereby creating directional horizontal oscillations. A prerequisite is the synchronous operation of the vibrators. With a low load capacity, unbalanced shafts are installed on the vibration platform, which are located at a small distance from each other and on the same horizontal plane.

Vibration platforms with directed vertical oscillations are made of vibrating blocks, electromagnets, couplings, etc. The design of the device with a load capacity of 2 tons includes a foundation and vibrating frames, a synchronizer, and an electric motor. Frames are made from rolled steel. An electric motor and a synchronizer are located on the base frame, and two double vibrators are located on the vibrating frame. In the upper plane of the vibrating frame there are openings closed by flexible textures, with the help of which the vibrators are mounted and dismantled. This type vibration equipment is used for the manufacture of concrete, reinforced concrete products with dimensions of 3x6 meters.

The design of the vibration platforms includes a set of spring-loaded vibration pedestals mounted on a common frame. Vibrating pedestals are equipped with VI-107N electromechanical vibrators. The form is not attached to such a machine. The control cabinet with starting devices is supplied separately. At the request of the Client, with one button, all vibrators or a separate group can be put into operation. Protection against phase loss, overloads, short circuits, shutdowns, as well as zero protection of motors is provided by electrical equipment.

For the successful operation of vibration equipment, the rules of transportation, storage, installation and use must be strictly observed.

Characteristic	VPK-10	VPK-15	VPK-20
Carrying capacity, t	10	15	20
Oscillation frequency, Hz	50	50	50
Number of vibrators, pcs.	4	6	8
Operating voltage, V	380	380	380
Driving force, kN	160	240	320
Rated power, kW	17,6	26,4	35,2
Weight, kg	3080	4500	6100
Overall dimensions, mm:
length	5960	7700	9100
width	1300	1300	1300
height	800	800	800

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There are several types of platforms according to the nature of vibrations, the type of vibrators, load capacity, design, etc.

By the nature of oscillations, the vibrating platform can be with circular harmonic oscillations, directed vertical harmonic, non-harmonic shock-vibration. By type of vibrators - with unbalanced runners, as well as electromagnetic or hydraulic vibrators. By design, vibration platforms are of frame and block type.

Platforms with directional vertical harmonic vibrations. Principle of operation: two identical vibrators, installed in the same plane, rotate in different directions, and thus create directional horizontal vibrations. Both vibrators must work synchronously. With a small load capacity, unbalanced shafts are installed on the equipment, which should be on the same horizontal plane and a small distance from each other.

Vibrating platforms with directed vertical oscillations are made of vibrating blocks, clutches, electromagnets, etc. Machines with a load capacity of 2 tons include a vibrating and foundation frame, an electric motor, and a synchronizer. Frames are made from rolled steel. On the vibrating one there are two double vibrators, on the base one there is a synchronizer and an electric motor. Mounting and dismantling of vibrators is carried out with the help of openings closed by flexible textures in the upper plane of the vibrating frame. This type of equipment is used for the manufacture of concrete and reinforced concrete products with a size of 3x6m.

The vibration platforms include a set of spring-loaded supporting vibration pedestals, which are mounted on a common frame. They are equipped with electromechanical vibrators VI-107 N. The form is not attached to this machine. The control cabinet with starting devices is supplied separately. At the request of the customer, with the help of one button, you can start all or a separate group of vibrators. Zero protection of motors, protection against phase loss, short circuits, shutdowns and overloads is provided by electrical equipment.

The use of this type of equipment provides such advantages as improving the quality of concrete products and increasing their service life, ensuring the safety and reliability of the structure, reducing cement consumption and energy consumption.

Any construction company uses such equipment in its activities. For the implementation of successful construction, it is necessary to responsibly approach the choice of suppliers. The vibrating platform produced by our company is characterized by a high level of quality, long service life and ease of operation. POP "Vibromash" guarantees the normal and trouble-free operation of machines, compliance with all the requirements of the technical regulations. For successful operation, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules of use, installation, transportation and storage.