Inactive

CE
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TsIS-677

APPROVED Deputy Minister of Railways Russian Federation A.S. Misharin August 16, 1999


These rules contain requirements for the suspension and installation technology of a self-supporting fiber-optic communication cable on the supports of the contact network and the supports of high-voltage auto-blocking lines. The rules were developed by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Railway Transport, CJSC Transtelecom Company with the participation of the institutes Transelectroproject and Giprotransignalsvyaz.

The main provisions for the maintenance of FOC on the supports of the contact network and high-voltage auto-blocking lines are contained in the "Temporary instructions for the maintenance, repair and restoration of line-cable structures of fiber-optic communication lines of railway transport (FOCL ZhT)", RD 32 TsIS / TsE 09.54- 99.

The rules were issued taking into account the changes approved by the Ministry of Railways by Instruction N A-2897u dated December 28, 1999.

1. General Provisions

1. General Provisions

1.1. These Rules for the suspension and installation of a self-supporting fiber-optic cable on the supports of the contact network and high-voltage auto-blocking lines (hereinafter these Rules) apply to self-supporting fiber-optic communication cables (hereinafter FOC) suspended on the supports of the contact network, high-voltage auto-blocking lines and free-standing supports and intended for workers associated with the design, construction, installation, maintenance and repair of fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL).

The rules establish general requirements for the procedure for hanging the fiber optic cable on the supports of the contact network and high-voltage auto-blocking lines, for assessing the condition of the supports and determine the main provisions of the technology for safely performing installation work on the suspension of the fiber optic cable. The regulations also contain instructions for the suspension of FOCs on bridges and in tunnels.

In addition to the requirements of these Rules, when suspending FOCs, employees must be guided by the regulations of the Ministry of Railways of Russia on the procedure for using the infrastructure railways when creating telecommunications.

When designing and performing work on the installation of FOCs, the requirements of the current instructions of the State Committee for Communications of Russia and the recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunications (ITU-T) must also be taken into account.

1.2. The installation of the fiber optic cable should be carried out in accordance with the working project for the construction of fiber-optic communication lines using brackets, clamps, fastening parts and other products that comply with the drawings and specifications approved in the prescribed manner.

1.3. Work on the suspension and installation of the fiber optic cable should be mechanized as much as possible. For its suspension, specialized technological complexes should be used to control the FOC tension. When replacing the contact network supports or installing additional supports, drilling rigs, foundation sinking machines, crane installations on railcars or railway cranes should be used. To install the self-blocking supports, it is necessary to use drilling and crane installations on an automobile or crawler track.

1.4. The non-removable motor-rail transport used in the construction of fiber-optic communication lines (railcars, motor vehicles and railcars) must meet the requirements of the Instruction for the operation and maintenance of railcars, motor vehicles and railcars (motor-rail transport of fixed type) on railways, approved by the USSR Ministry of Railways on April 10, 1990. , N TsRB-4785. Crane installations must comply with the requirements of the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Cranes (Machines), approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on 05/04/94, N TsRB-278.

Other used mechanisms and devices must be serviceable and have the parameters established by the passports for these mechanisms and devices.

1.5. Work on the suspension and installation of FOCs on the supports of the contact network and high-voltage auto-blocking lines, in tunnels and on bridges must be carried out by specialized organizations licensed to carry out this type of work.

Work managers and workers carrying out the suspension and installation of FOCs must have a certificate for passing exams according to the Rules for the technical operation of the railways of the Russian Federation *, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on 04/26/93, N TsRB-162, Signaling instructions on the railways of the Russian Federation, approved Ministry of Railways of Russia 04/26/93 N TsRB-176, Instructions for the movement of trains and shunting work on the railways of the Russian Federation, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on 02.10.93 N TsD-206, Electrical safety rules for railway workers on electrified railways, approved Ministry of Railways of Russia 09.22.95, N TsE-346, according to the technology of practical production of work, contained in these Rules.
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Rules for the technical operation of the railways of the Russian Federation, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on May 26, 2000 N TsRB-756. - Note from the manufacturer of the database.

The unified management of the work on the suspension and installation of the FOC, including the fulfillment of the safety requirements for train traffic, should be carried out by a person appointed by the head of the railway department (in the absence of a department by the head of the railway) when issuing a work permit.

Work supervisors and workers performing the suspension and installation of the FOC must follow all instructions regarding the electrical safety of the representative of the power supply distance.

1.6. Knowledge and implementation of these Rules is mandatory for all employees associated with the design, installation and maintenance of the FOC, as well as for all employees servicing the contact network and high-voltage auto-blocking lines on the supports of which the FOC is mounted.

2. Basic requirements for the FOC suspension on the supports of the contact network and high-voltage auto-blocking lines

2.1. The suspension of the FOC on the supports of the contact network and the auto-blocking line should be carried out taking into account the requirements of the Rules for the Construction and Technical Operation of the Contact Network of Electrified Railways, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on June 25, 1993, N TsE-197.

The FOK suspended on the overhead contact network supports should not reduce the reliability of the power supply of the rolling stock and not interfere with the normal maintenance of the contact network.

The FOC suspended on the supports of high-voltage auto-blocking lines should not worsen the conditions for the power supply of signaling devices and other non-traction electricity consumers.

2.2. The FOC suspension can be carried out on the operated metal or reinforced concrete supports of the contact network, provided that the bearing capacity of these supports is sufficient for the perception of all existing and additional loads from the suspended FOC, and the location of the FOC on the supports provides the possibility of performing work on it in the presence of voltage in the overhead suspension.

Working projects should not provide for the suspension of the fiber optic cable on supports with insufficient bearing capacity. Also, FOC suspension schemes are not allowed, the use of which requires removing the voltage from the overhead catenary when performing FOC maintenance.

If it is impossible to fulfill the specified conditions, the FOK suspension must be carried out on the self-locking supports.

Suspension of the cable on self-blocking supports should also be provided on non-electrified railway lines.

2.3. The FOK suspension on the overhead contact network supports should be carried out from the field side. In exceptional cases, when it is impossible to suspend the FOC from the field side due to insufficient suspension dimensions, or cramped conditions, it is allowed, in agreement with the railway power supply service, to suspend the FOC from the inner side of the supports (from the side of the track).

The distances from the bottom point of the FOC at the maximum sag to the surface of the earth or other structures, as well as the distance to other wires when they intersect or approach each other, as well as to parts of the contact network that are energized, must be at least as shown in Table 1.

Table 1

The smallest permissible distance FOC from wires and structures

The name of the object of intersection or convergence	The smallest distance, m
To the surface of the earth:
in populated area
in uninhabited areas and up to the railhead within man-made structures
in hard-to-reach places
to inaccessible slopes of mountains, rocks, cliffs
to the rail head of non-electrified track sections
to the carrying cable and overhead wire
To parts under voltage of 6-25 kV:
on a support
in span
At a voltage of 3 kV:
on a support
in span
Before the waveguide
Up to wires with voltage up to 1 kV:
on a support
in span
To the surface of passenger platforms
Up to the roof of fireproof buildings and structures
To the nearest parts of buildings (horizontally)
To blank walls and tree crowns
To the roadbed at level crossings
To the lower parts of overpasses and pedestrian bridges when hanging cables under bridges

Note: in exceptional cases, in agreement with the railway power supply service, it is allowed to reduce the distance from the FOC to the supporting cable to 1 m.


The distances given in Table 1 are set as the maximum possible approach of the FOC with wires and structures under the most unfavorable effects of loads both on the cable and on the wires.

It is allowed to suspend the fiber optic cable above wires with a voltage of up to 1 kV, provided that no entanglement of wires and cables, mutual shocks and mechanical friction between them are allowed.

When the FOC is suspended on supports on which the equipment is located (disconnectors, arresters, etc.), the distance from the top of this equipment to the cable must be at least 3 m.

Suspension of FOK on supports with two sectional disconnectors is not allowed. For suspension, additional supports must be installed in these places. Additionally installed supports must be located at a distance of at least 10 m from the supports on which these disconnectors are installed.

2.4. On the self-locking supports, the VOK suspension should be carried out mainly below the high-voltage wires. In this case, the distances from the bottom of the FOC to the ground and at the intersections should be taken in accordance with the requirements of the PTE, but not less:

in uninhabited areas - 5 m;

in a populated area - 6 m;

at intersections with railway tracks - 7.5 m from the lowest point of the cable to the rail head.

Suspension of the FOC between the wires of the auto-blocking line is allowed, if the mutual convergence of the FOC and the wires with the most unfavorable temperature conditions and the impact of loads is at least 0.3 m.

It is not allowed to suspend the FOK on the self-locking supports on which disconnectors, transformers and other equipment are located. To suspend the FOC in these places, additionally installed supports must be used. Newly installed supports must ensure the distance from the nearest closest wire to the FOC of at least 1 m and must be displaced along the route at a distance of at least 2 m.

2.5. On two- and multi-track electrified sections, the FOC suspension route must be selected on the field side, taking into account the side location of communication centers, the requirements for the minimum replacement of the operated ones and the installation of new additional supports, as well as the implementation of the minimum number of transitions from one side of the track to the other.

If it is necessary to cross the FOC from one side of the track to the other, such crossings should be carried out either underground using a cable channel made of non-metallic pipes, or by air with the FOC suspension on additionally installed supports. The type of material of the cable duct pipe, its diameter and the conditions for laying pipes in the ground are determined by the project, taking into account the requirements of the current regulatory documents. It is not allowed to lay the FOC in the ballast prism of the roadbed.

The height of the additionally installed supports should ensure the required minimum distances indicated in Table 1, from the fiber optic cable to the supporting cable.

Underground and aerial crossings of the FOC on additional supports should be located at a distance of at least 10 m from the foundation of the nearest support of the contact network, the angle of intersection of these crossings with the axis of the DC and AC electrified railway should be close to 90 °.

FOC transitions from one side of the track to the other when using existing structures should be made mainly along the girders of rigid crossbars. In exceptional cases, by agreement with the railway power supply service, FOC crossings are allowed along flexible cross-beams with cable suspension only on the supports of these cross-beams. If it is impossible to cross the FOC along a flexible or rigid cross-member, with the permission of the railway power supply service, it is allowed to cross the FOC of electrified tracks at an angle. In this case, the intersection should be located in one span, and the intersection angle should be at least 40 °.

It is not allowed to carry out air transitions of the FOC at the interface of the anchor sections of the contact network.

2.6. On bridges, FOCs should be suspended from the outside of the superstructures at a height not less than that specified in Table 1 of these Rules. It is also allowed to lay FOC in special boxes. In this case, the safety and protection of the fiber optic cable from damage must be ensured.

On spans to be replaced (defective, old years of construction), suspension schemes must be used that do not interfere with the work of replacing spans.

2.7. In tunnels, the FOC is suspended along the tunnel lining. The cable must be attached only to the lining, and the attachment points must comply with typical design solutions. When choosing a method of FOC suspension, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of subsequent reconstruction of the tunnel lining.

When suspending FOCs in tunnels, the requirements of GOST 9238 "Dimensions of approaching buildings and rolling stock of 1520 (1524) mm gauge railways" must be observed. If it is impossible to ensure compliance with the size requirements, it is allowed to lay the FOC in special pipes made of non-combustible material.

In tunnels to be reconstructed, the FOC suspension should be carried out taking into account the possibility of its dismantling at the time of work. In special cases, when conditions are unfavorable for laying the FOC, with an appropriate feasibility study, with the permission of the head of the railway, it is allowed to suspend the FOC on supports bypassing the tunnel.

2.8. The FOK suspension on the overhead contact network supports should be carried out on the brackets. The minimum size of the bracket overhang should be taken from the condition of ensuring the permissible minimum distances of the FOC to the energized parts of the contact network in accordance with clause 2.3 of these Rules, not exceeding the permissible wind convergence of the FOC and the rolling stock in the spans, as well as preventing the impact of the supporting clamps on the support when the wind.

The location of the brackets on the supports is determined by the project. It is not allowed to install brackets in the area between the link and the fifth console on the side of the track.

Brackets on supports along the track must be installed, as a rule, at the same height from the rail head. If necessary, it is allowed to install brackets on different heights... In this case, the difference in the heights of the installation of the brackets should be limited mainly by the value at which the angle of rotation of the FOC in vertical plane does not exceed the permissible values.

In the case when the difference in the heights of the installation of the brackets exceeds the value at which the angle of rotation of the FOC in the vertical plane exceeds the permissible value, a device should be provided on the supports of intermediate anchors for raising or lowering the FOC to a new height.

The use of "L" -shaped brackets attached to the top of the support, as well as various racks on the crossbars of rigid cross-beams, is not allowed for the FOK suspension. The FOK suspension on the supports of flexible cross-beams and cross-beams of rigid cross-beams should be carried out on outboard brackets.

Suspension of the FOK to the cross-carrying cables of flexible crossbars is not allowed.

2.9. Attaching brackets to reinforced concrete supports must be done with clamps. When a FOC with a dielectric core is suspended and there are no wires above it with a voltage of more than 0.4 kV, the brackets are not grounded.

When suspending a fiber optic cable with a metal core or with metal armor, as well as if there are wires above 0.4 kV above the cable, all brackets must be connected to the protective grounding circuit. Insulating gaskets must be laid between the clamps of the brackets when they are grounded and reinforced concrete supports in DC sections.

No grounding is required: parts for fastening the fiber optic cable to the lining in tunnels, brackets on bridges and on metal supports of the contact network, parts of anchors, supporting and tension clamps, casings and fastening parts for couplings.

The brackets must be fastened to metal supports using hook bolts or special parts, while the bracket must be attached to both corners of the vertical support belts, located one parallel to the support facet bracket. The design of the bracket and its fastening must exclude the rotation of the VOK bracket in the horizontal and vertical planes.

On the self-locking supports, the VOK suspension should be carried out mainly on the brackets. When hanging the FOK between the wires, it is allowed to use clamps.

On bridges, the brackets must only be fastened with bolts through the holes drilled in the bridge elements.

The suspension of several self-supporting FOCs on the same supports should be carried out on a common bracket. It is not allowed to place wires, insulators and other devices on FOK brackets.

2.10. Anchoring of the fiber-optic cable should be carried out mainly on intermediate console supports, supports of flexible and rigid cross-beams. In this case, a calculated assessment of the stability of the supports in the ground should be made and the need to install braces on them should be determined.

In case of insufficient stability in the soil of the supports on which the FOC is anchored, they should be equipped with standard anchor braces of the anchor supports of the contact network.

It is not allowed to anchor the fiber optic cable on the transitional and anchor supports of the contact network.

The anchorage points of the FOC are determined by the project. Anchoring is obligatory at the ends of the construction length of the fiber optic cable, at the points of its transition from one side of the track to the other, at the places of its entry into the service premises at the places where the suspension height changes and the direction of the fiber optic cable is changed by an angle exceeding the permissible value of the angle of rotation for the adopted cable brand. It is obligatory to anchor the FOC on the portals of the tunnels at the entrance and exit of the tunnel, as well as at the locations of the connecting and branching couplings, the technological reserve of the FOC.

The maximum distance between anchors should not exceed the FOC's face-to-face length, as well as the distances specified by the FOC manufacturer.

2.11. It is not recommended to anchor the fiber optic cable on supports with a bearing capacity of less than 45 kNm, as well as anchoring leaving a technological margin on supports installed with a dimension of less than 3.1 m.

On sections located in IV-V wind regions, as well as on sections with a narrowed non-standard subgrade, it is necessary in projects to provide for the device of a minimum number of FOC anchors on the supports of the contact network. If possible, place anchors in places protected from the wind, as well as in places with a normal width of the subgrade (in recesses, on horizontal platforms).

In high areas, the assignment of the number of VOK anchors should be made taking into account the wind resistance requirements of the contact network.

2.12. Anchoring of the fiber optic cable should be carried out using clamps on reinforced concrete supports and using anchor parts on metal supports.

The gripping of the fiber-optic cable during anchoring should be carried out using tension spiral clamps. The latter must be manufactured and tested in accordance with applicable technical conditions for these details.

All metal structures used for FOC suspension (brackets, clamps, guy wires, clamps, etc.) must have an anti-corrosion coating, or made of corrosion-resistant materials.

The anti-corrosion coating should preferably be hot-dip galvanized. In this case, the thickness of the coating should be 60-70 microns. It is allowed to protect metal structures with durable paint and varnish or metal coatings in accordance with the requirements of current standards and building codes.

3. Loads from FOC on supports and assessment of their bearing capacity

3.1. When checking the bearing capacity of the supports to determine the possibility of the FOC suspension, the following additional loads should be taken into account:

wind pressure on the WOC;

the mass of ice on the WOK and brackets;

tension force of the anchored fiber optic cable;

the effort from changing the direction of the WOC tension on the curved sections of the path.

3.2. The loads on the overhead contact network supports and automatic blocking from wind pressure on the WOC and ice on it should be determined with a repeatability of once every 10 years in accordance with the guidelines for the design of the contact network, approved by the Ministry of TransportStroy N VSN-141-90 * and put into effect from 1.07. 91 g, both for wires and cables. In this case, together with the acting loads, their most unfavorable combination is determined, in which the greatest bending moment occurs in the supports.
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* The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. STN TsE 141-99 Standards for the design of the contact network are in force

3.3. The forces from the anchored fiber optic cable to the supports should be taken into account in the calculations, depending on the location of the anchor clamps:

when anchoring a fiber-optic cable to a support on one side, the entire force transmitted to the support from the anchored fiber-optic cable is taken into account;

when anchoring with the location of both anchoring clamps at the same level from the ground surface and in the same plane, the force transmitted to the support from one anchor clamp is taken into account;

for anchoring with the location of the anchoring clamps in different levels, but in one plane, the force transmitted to the support from the anchor clamp located at a higher mark is taken into account;

for intermediate anchoring with the location of the anchor clamps in perpendicular planes (at the points of transition from one path to another), the forces transmitted to the support from each anchor clamp are taken into account.

When suspending and anchoring on supports of several FOCs, the efforts from each FOC are taken into account in accordance with the recommendations given.

3.4. The loads on the supports from tension and changes in the direction of the fiber optic cable must be determined depending on the accepted maximum tension of the fiber optic cable, the wind and ice loads acting on it, the calculated maximum and minimum temperatures. Design temperatures should be determined in accordance with SNiP-2.01.01-82 *. The accepted maximum tension of the fiber optic cable is determined based on the requirements for ensuring the stability of the optical properties of the fiber optic cable, obtaining the standard values ​​of its sag arrows and is established by the project for each grade of the fiber optic cable.
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* The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. SNiP 23-01-99 are in effect. - Note from the manufacturer of the database.

The magnitude of the FOC tension during installation should be determined according to the assembly tables attached to the working documentation for the construction of the FOCL.

The deviation of the actual tensions and sag arrows of the fiber optic cable from that set by the mounting tables at any ambient temperature in any span should not exceed 10%.

3.5. Based on calculations of loads on supports and their combinations at the design stage, the greatest bending moment in supports at the level of the conditional cut of foundations is determined.

For supports located in curves of small radius, it is necessary to calculate the forces arising in the supports in emergency mode when one of the supports falls.

3.6. The obtained values ​​of the maximum bending moment at the level of the conditional cut of the foundations of the operas must be compared with the actual bearing capacity of the supports.

The actual bearing capacity of reinforced concrete supports should be determined on the basis of diagnostics of supports, in accordance with the Instructions for the maintenance and repair of support structures of the contact network, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on January 14, 1996, No.

3.7. Based on the diagnostic results, all reinforced concrete supports should be divided into three groups:

supports, the bearing capacity of which is not lower than the values ​​established by the project or the standard for these supports;

supports that have a permissible reduction in bearing capacity in comparison with its design values;

supports that have completely exhausted the safety margin.

On the supports of the first group, the FOC suspension is allowed if the bending moment from the total loads does not exceed the standard moment for these supports.

On the supports of the second group, FOC suspension is allowed if the decrease in the bearing capacity of the supports does not exceed 10%, while the calculated value of the bending moment from the total load should be lower than the actual bearing capacity of the supports by at least 10%.

With a greater decrease in the bearing capacity of the supports of this group, the FOK suspension is not allowed.

It is prohibited to suspend the FOK on the third group supports, which are subject to replacement.

3.8. It is allowed to assess the condition of the supports by the type and size of defects in accordance with the Guidelines for the maintenance and repair of the support structures of the contact network.

Suspension of FOC on supports without defects is allowed. At the same time, for the noted supports with their service life of more than 20 years, a decrease in the bearing capacity against the design value by 10% should be taken into account.

FOK suspension is not allowed on defective and acutely defective supports.

On direct current sections, it is not allowed to suspend FOCs on old-type reinforced concrete (I-beams) supports to be replaced, as well as on reinforced concrete supports, the bearing capacity of which is 45 kNm or less.

On AC sections, in agreement with the railway power supply service, it is allowed to suspend FOCs on I-beams and other old-type reinforced concrete supports until they are replaced. In this case, the bearing capacity of such supports must be sufficient for the perception of existing and additional loads and be at least 45 kNm.

3.9. The bearing capacity of metal supports should be assessed on the basis of a verification calculation, taking into account the actual corrosive wear of the main elements. In this case, the calculation should include the values ​​of the cross-sectional area of ​​the elements, determined from the measurement data of the residual thickness of these elements.

The condition of the anchor bolts is determined by means of diagnostics or by excavating the foundations, exposing the bolts in the most dangerous zone and determining their residual diameter.

3.10. The bearing capacity of self-blocking reinforced concrete supports can be assessed using the same method as for overhead contact network supports using diagnostic tools, or by the size of defects. For these supports, when calculating the bearing capacity, additional wind and ice loads arising after the FOC are suspended from them must be taken into account.

Anchor and corner supports should be checked for stability in the ground from the action of an additional tension force and from a change in the direction of the FOC tension.

If the bearing capacity of the supports for stability in the ground is insufficient, it is necessary to provide for the installation of guy wires. The type of guy is indicated in the working documentation of the project.

3.11. Assessment of the condition of rigid cross members should be made on the basis of visual examinations and measurements of the degree of corrosive wear of structural elements. Suspension of FOC on rigid cross-members is allowed if the reduction in the cross-sectional area of ​​chords and lattice elements due to corrosive wear does not exceed 20%. With a greater reduction in cross-sections, the rigid cross-member must be replaced or reinforced.

3.12. The calculation of the brackets must be carried out in the same way as the calculation of the brackets for wires for loads arising from the effect of wind and ice on the fiber optic cable, as well as changes in its direction. In addition, the assembly load from the weight of the fitter with the tool, taken equal to 100 kg, must be taken into account.

4. Organization and technology of work on the suspension and installation of FOC

4.1. Requirements for design documentation for the performance of work on the suspension and installation of FOC

4.1.1. Work on the suspension and installation of FOCs can be started only if there is a working project approved by the customer for the construction of fiber-optic communication lines, albums of standard units and parts and permission from the railway power supply service for work in the area of ​​the contact network and the high-voltage auto-blocking line.

To develop the project, the customer transfers the initial data to the design organization as part of the task for the design of fiber-optic communication lines. The list of initial data contains information about the brands and physical and mechanical parameters of FOCs intended for suspension, including:

weight of 1 km of FOC, kg;

construction length of FOC, km;

coefficient of linear expansion, 1 / С;

outer diameter, mm;

modulus of elasticity, MPa;

cross-sectional area of ​​the FOC bearing element, cm;

permissible FOC tension, kN;

tensile strength of FOC, kN;

permissible bending radius, cm;

permissible angle of rotation, degrees;

other indicators at the request of the design organization.

The composition and scope of the detailed design for the construction of fiber-optic communication lines must comply with the duly approved assignment for the design of fiber-optic communication lines, as well as the requirements of regulatory documents (SNiP 11-01-95).

4.1.2. A detailed design for the construction of fiber-optic communication lines should contain:

an explanatory note with a description of the conditions for laying the fiber-optic cable, the brands of the fiber-optic cable used and the mechanical parameters of their tension;

working drawings for FOK suspension;

links to an album of typical units and parts;

application specification for basic materials, parts, FOC, products, mechanisms;

calculation of the cost of laying a fiber optic cable (estimate).

4.1.3. Working drawings for the FOK suspension for the overhead contact network and auto-blocking supports should contain:

the plan of the FOC route in all directions, including the stretches and stations, as well as the sections of the FOC laying in the service and technical premises up to the cross rack (cabinet);

numbers, types, brands and dimensions of overhead and auto-block supports;

numbers of replaced supports, as well as numbers of additionally installed supports, their size and brand;

the height of the VOK suspension and the type of bracket, as well as the codes of the units according to the albums of typical units and parts;

the numbers of the supports, on which the FOC is anchored, as well as the numbers of the supports, on which the technological reserve of the FOC is left;

schemes for entering the FOC into service buildings, its transition from one side of the track to the other;

WOK suspension schemes on bridges;

WOK suspension schemes inside the tunnel;

the route of the underground installation of the fiber-optic cable;

places of intersection with highways, indicating the size of the fiber optic cable;

places of intersections with pedestrian and road bridges, indicating the height of the FOC suspension under the structures;

diagrams of the suspension of the technological stock of the FOC and the fastening of the mounted couplings;

other information required for the suspension of the VOK.

4.1.4. For each section of the fiber-optic communication line being constructed, the organization performing work on the suspension of the fiber optic cable must develop a work production project (PPR), which is coordinated with the power supply services of the track, informatization and communication of the railway with respect to ensuring the safety of work, the safety of train traffic, sustainable power supply and the provision, if necessary "windows".

4.1.5. Projects for the production of work must contain:

calendar dates for the construction of the line, linked to the schedule of preparatory work (replacement of supports with insufficient bearing capacity, installation of new and additional supports, installation of brackets, etc.);

flow charts for the installation of brackets and for the suspension of the fiber optic cable, taking into account the need to generate the full capacity of the cable drum in one continuous technological cycle;

calculation of the need for "windows" with stress relief in the contact network;

schedule of receipt of EQA and main parts;

a statement of the need for basic machines and mechanisms;

list of labor requirements;

safety measures;

activities to ensure the quality of work.

4.2. Preparatory work before the suspension of the VOK

4.2.1. Prior to the commencement of installation work on the suspension of the fiber optic cable, the following work must be performed:

the project documentation has been studied;

full-scale acquaintance with the FOC suspension route and support structures was carried out;

the sequence and terms of replacement of supports, terms of installation of new and additional supports have been established;

the replacement of supports with insufficient bearing capacity was carried out and new and additional supports were installed in accordance with the project of the lines, as well as the braces on the supports required according to the project;

the anchor sections were clarified and the most rational sequence and direction of the anchor sections installation were established;

if necessary, felling of trees and shrubs was carried out;

prepared railroad cars, railcars, cars for workers performing work on the suspension of fiber optic cables, mechanisms for loading and unloading cable products, equipment and places for welding, installation of couplings;

prepared and tested accessories, materials, equipment, tools, radio stations and power supplies;

the procedure and time for delivery of workers, equipment and tools to the place of work have been determined;

the order of providing "windows" is determined.

During the suspension and installation of the FOC, "windows" must be provided with a duration of at least 3-4 hours in accordance with the procedure approved by the head of the railway.

"Windows" for suspension and installation of FOCs should be provided, as a rule, during daylight hours. On sections where "windows" in the train schedule are provided for in the dark, the manager is obliged to provide a place for the production of work in accordance with the established norms.

The closure of the haul for the production of work on a single-track section, and on two or multi-track sections of one or several tracks, is carried out with the permission of the head of the railway department in agreement with the head of the transportation service (in the absence of a department, the head of the railway), if it does not cause a change in the established traffic sizes with neighboring railways. If such a closure causes a change in the size of traffic to neighboring railways, it may be authorized by the head of the railway in agreement with the Department of Transportation Management of the Ministry of Railways of Russia.

The head of the railway department (in the absence of the department, the deputy head of the railway) notifies the relevant work managers about the upcoming closure of the haul on a single-track section, on a two- and multi-track section of one or several tracks.

The permission of the head of the railway department (in the absence of a branch - the head of the railway) for the performance of work on the suspension and installation of the fiber optic cable with the closure of the span must indicate the time at which the closure of the span or a separate track is agreed, and the name of the person in charge of these works. The train dispatcher is obliged to report the surname and position of the work manager to those on duty at railway stations that limit the route.

With the appropriate permission, the closure and opening of the haul (track) before the commencement of work and after their completion are formalized by the order of the train dispatcher.

The cancellation of the "window" provided for the performance of work on the suspension and installation of the FOC and the reduction of its duration may be allowed only in exceptional cases and by the person on whose order the "window" is allowed. Notification of this to the work supervisor must be given no later than 12 hours before the start of the "window".

For the duration of the work on the suspension and installation of the FOC, for the implementation of which the schedule provides for "windows", a permanent radio (or telephone) connection must be established between the work manager and the train dispatcher.

Closing the haul, the procedure for occupying it by a working train, the procedure for departing from the haul should be carried out in accordance with the instructions for the movement of trains and shunting work on the railways of the Russian Federation, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on October 2, 1993 N TsD-206.

4.2.2. During the preparatory period, the following must also be performed:

pre-assembly control of FOK in accordance with the methods and requirements of regulatory documents approved in accordance with the established procedure for the adopted FOK brand;

incoming quality control of brackets, parts for fastening the VOK to brackets and supports. Incoming quality control of the marked parts is carried out in accordance with the requirements of technical specifications and design documentation for these parts;

brackets, clamps and details for anchoring the FOK on the supports are installed and fixed in the design position. The deviation of the distance of the installed elements from the live parts towards the approach is not allowed. In the direction of increasing this distance - +20 cm;

Hanging on the brackets are laying and rolling rollers for pulling the cable-leader and FOK.

Installation of brackets should be carried out on a wide front as soon as possible in accordance with the technological maps.

The installation of the brackets by the personnel of the power supply distances should be carried out in accordance with the flow charts given in Appendix A to these Rules.

4.2.3. Upon completion of all preparatory work and, first of all, work on the replacement and installation of new supports of the contact network or automatic blocking, clearing the route from trees interfering with the suspension of the WOC, the contractor, the customer, together with representatives of the railway power supply service, draws up an act of readiness of the site for the suspension of the WOC.

It is allowed to prepare and accept the route for the FOC suspension with anchor sections.

4.3. Work on broaching the fiber-optic cable along the supports of the contact network and the technology of their implementation

4.3.1. When broaching the FOC, the following work is performed:

broaching the dielectric cable leader;

broaching the WOK.

Work on broaching the FOC can be carried out "out of the way" with the removal of voltage and with the occupation of the haul, or in the presence of approaches to the track and ensuring electrical safety - "from the field" without removing the voltage.

4.3.2. When working "out of the way" with stress relief, it is necessary to use high-performance specialized machine complexes. The latter should include:

a railroad car of the AGD type, for towing cargo trailers, powering the traction and braking modules and equipped with a hydraulic lift of the AGP type for working at height;

two cargo trailers equipped with traction and braking modules with rotary devices for installing drums with VOK and reels with a cable leader.

Traction and braking modules must have devices for adjusting the tension force of the FOC and their automatic shutdown when the tension force exceeds the maximum tension set for a given brand of FOC.

4.3.3. When working "from the field" it is necessary to use a set of special mechanisms. This complex should include:

a winch with an adjustable pulling force for pulling the cable leader and FOK under tension;

lifting and braking device for lifting and adjusting the height of the cable drum;

device for setting and braking coils with a cable leader.

To deliver the above mechanisms to the place of work, cars, railcars, tractors can be used.

When placed on platforms towed by railcars, a set of special mechanisms can also be used when working "out of the way".

4.3.4. When using a specialized set of machines or a specialized set of mechanisms on platforms (hereinafter referred to as a set of machines) for work "out of the way", the FOC suspension is carried out in the following sequence.

The leader cable is pulled along the rollers pre-hung on the brackets. To do this, after the complex is occupied by the haulage complex and the stress is relieved, one cargo trailer with the coils of the lead cable is installed at the beginning of the anchor section 25-30 m from the anchor support, and the second trailer in the link with the railcar begins to slowly move to the first anchor support. Opposite the first anchor support, the railcar stops, the mounting cradle with two fitters rises to the bracket with a roller. The lead rope is detached from the cradle, passed through a roller and reattached to the cradle. In this position, the railcar slowly moves to the next support. At the next support, the leader cable is again passed through the roller and the railcar movement is resumed. Thus, the leader rope is pulled over the entire section. After passing the cable leader through the roller of the extreme anchor support, the railroad car, with a trailer with cable drums in front of it, moves 25-30 m behind the last support and stops. During the pulling of the cable leader, the fitters who control the traction-braking device with the coils decelerate the coils, ensuring the rolling of the cable-leader under tension.

In the extreme position, the cable-leader through a device that prevents the FOK from twisting, with the help of a cable clamp "stocking" is connected to the FOK, which is in the drum on the cargo trailer. The railcar is unhitched from the trailer with a cable drum and returns to the first trailer with reels free from the lead cable. From the railcar, the engines of the traction module are switched on with the help of a hydraulic drive and a slow broaching of the WOC begins. In this case, the drum from which the WOK is rolled is decelerated so that the required sag arrows of the WOK are provided in the spans.

4.3.5. When working "from the field" using a set of mechanisms, horizontal platforms are selected from the side of the track beyond the dimensions of the contact network supports at the beginning and end of the anchor section at a distance of 25-30 m from the extreme anchor supports. One of them houses a device for installing and braking coils with a cable leader. At the opposite end of the anchor section on the selected site, a traction winch is installed for pulling the fiber-optic cable.

After installing the device for reels and testing the brakes, a segment of the lead cable about 50 m long is unwound from the first installed reel and its free end is passed through the mounting laying roller of the anchor support. Then the leader cable is manually pulled to the next support and, after passing this support for 15-20 m, the reel is decelerated, and the end of the leader cable is passed through the rolling roller of this support. In this case, the ascent to the support is carried out by stairs or from the assembly platform when stress is removed. Then the reel with the cable leader is released and the cable leader is pulled up to the next support. On the next supports, the operations of passing the cable-leader through the rolling rollers are repeated until the cable-leader is pulled along the entire anchor section.

In the event of a break in work after pulling along the entire anchor section of the cable leader, its ends must be fixed on the extreme supports. The attachment points must be inaccessible to unauthorized persons, and the method of attachment must exclude spontaneous loosening and sagging of the cable leader.

For pulling the fiber-optic cable on the site where there was a device for reels with a cable-leader, a lifting and braking device with a cable drum is installed. The lifting and braking device, in order to avoid spontaneous movement, is fixed on the site with the help of anchors driven into the ground. The brakes of this device are tested, the cable-leader is connected to the FOC with the help of a cable clamp "stocking" through a device that prevents the FOC from twisting. At the opposite end of the anchor section, the leader cable is fixed in a reel mounted on a traction winch. Then the winch is turned on and the FOC is pulled along the anchor section. To prevent the wok from touching the ground, foreign objects during the feeding of the WOC, the drum is braked.

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Some of important characteristics The design of self-supporting cables is the permissible external mechanical loads, such as wind, ice and dead weight. Therefore, one of the most important decisions in the construction of fiber-optic communication lines is the choice of a fiber-optic cable of the appropriate design, which could withstand various stresses arising in the cable during construction and operation. These parameters of the cable can be determined according to the method proposed by CJSC "Incab".

The construction speed is very high. One or two building lengths of the cable can be suspended in one shift.

The cost of the cable is also not very high and is, on average, for light construction options from 2800 to 3600 $ / km.

Having built a fiber-optic link in this way, you need to think about how long it will stand and what needs to be done to make it stand longer? FOCL based on a self-supporting cable is exposed to a wide variety of influences, primarily atmospheric factors - wind loads, solar radiation, precipitation, icing, mechanical damage caused by renovation works on other wires, or cable theft. Moreover, if the cable hangs in electric field(which happens everywhere), then as a result of exposure to solar radiation, microcracks begin to appear on the surface of the outer moisture-protective sheath of the cable, in which dirt and moisture accumulate and a tracking process begins to develop - the flow of surface currents - tracks. Over time, the density of these currents increases and the cable gradually begins to burn. This is especially evident in the places where the cable is attached to the supports, since in the span the cable is not grounded and enough high density tracks, and on the support the cable is grounded and surface currents naturally flow down the support. The only recommendation to reduce the influence of this factor is the use of a tracking erosion-resistant moisture-proof shell based on fluoropolymer materials.

As a result, the service life of FOCLs based on self-supporting FOCs does not exceed 18–20 years.

5.4. Features of the suspension of a self-supporting FOK on the supports of the EZD overhead contact network

Suspension of self-supporting fiber-optic communication cables on the support of the contact network and high-voltage auto-blocking lines is carried out taking into account the requirements of the "Rules for the device and technical exploitation contact network of electrified railways ", approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia.

The FOC is suspended on the operated metal or reinforced concrete supports of the contact network, provided that the bearing capacity of these supports is sufficient to absorb all the existing loads from the suspended FOC, and the location of the FOC on the supports provides the ability to work on it in the presence of voltage in the contact network.

The FOK is suspended on the overhead supports from the field side. In exceptional cases, by agreement with the railway power supply service, the FOC can be suspended from the inside of the supports (from the side of the track). Distances from the lower point of the VOK at the maximum sag to the ground surface, as well as the distance to other wires and parts of the contact network must be at least the specified values.

FOK suspension on the overhead contact network supports is carried out on brackets, the location of which on the supports is determined by the project. Brackets on supports along the track are installed, as a rule, at the same height from the rail head. The brackets are fastened to reinforced concrete supports using clamps. When using a FOC with a metal core or metal armor, all brackets must be connected to a protective earth circuit. When a FOC with a dielectric core is suspended, grounding is not performed. The brackets are fastened to metal supports using hook bolts or special parts.

Work on the suspension and installation of a fiber optic cable can only be started if there is a work project approved by the customer for the construction of a fiber-optic communication line and permission from the railway power supply service to carry out work in the area of ​​the contact network and the high-voltage auto-blocking line.

Work on broaching the fiber optic cable can be carried out "off the track" with stress relief, or "off the field" without stress relief.

When working "out of the way" with stress relief, high-performance specialized machine complexes are used, which include:

a railroad car of the AGD type for towing cargo trailers, powering the traction and braking modules and equipped with a hydraulic lift of the AGP type for working at height;

two cargo trailers equipped with traction and braking modules with rotary devices for installing drums with VOK and reels with a cable leader.

Traction and braking modules must have devices for adjusting the tension force of the FOC and their automatic shutdown when the tension force exceeds the maximum tension set for a given brand of FOC.

When working "from the field", a set of special mechanisms is used, including:

a winch with an adjustable tension force for pulling the cable-leader and FOC under tension;

lifting and braking device for lifting and adjusting the height of the cable drum;

a device for installing and braking coils with a cable leader; When using a specialized set of machines for work

"Out of the way" the FOC suspension is carried out in the following sequence. The cable leader is pulled along the rollers pre-hung on the brackets. To do this, after taking up the haulage complex and relieving the stress, one cargo trailer with coils of the lead cable is installed at the beginning of the anchor section 25–30 m from the anchor support, and the second trailer in the link

With the railcar begins to slowly move towards the first anchor support. Opposite the first anchor support, the railcar stops, the mounting cradle with two fitters rises to the bracket with a roller. The lead rope is detached from the cradle, passed through a roller and reattached to the cradle. In this position, the railcar slowly moves to the next support. At the next support, the leader cable is again passed through the roller and the railcar movement is resumed. Thus, the leader cable is pulled over the entire section. After passing the cable leader through the roller of the extreme anchor support, the railcar with the trailer with cable drums in front of it moves 25–30 m behind the last support and stops. During the pulling of the cable leader, the fitters operating the traction and braking device

With coils, slow down the coils, providing rolling lead rope under tension.

V extreme position the lead cable through the swivel, with the help of a cable clamp "stocking" is connected to the FOK, which is in the drum on the cargo trailer. The railcar is unhitched from the trailer with the cable drum and returns to the first trailer with the reels free from the lead cable. From the railcar, the engines of the traction module are switched on with the help of a hydraulic drive and a slow broaching of the WOC begins. In this case, the drum from which the WOK is rolled is decelerated so that the required sag arrows of the WOK are provided in the spans.

When working "from the field" using a set of mechanisms on the side of the track beyond the dimensions of the contact network supports at the beginning and end of the

of the core section at a distance of 25–30 m from the extreme anchor supports, horizontal platforms are selected. One of them houses a device for installing and braking coils with a cable leader. At the opposite end of the anchor section on the selected site, a traction winch is installed for pulling the fiber-optic cable and the leader cable. After pulling the cable leader along the entire anchor section, its ends are fixed on the extreme supports.

To pull the FOC on the site where the device for reels with a cable-leader was located, a lifting and braking device with a cable drum is installed and then in the same way: the winch is turned on and the FOC is pulled along the anchor section.

When working with a set of special mechanisms, the speed of the fiber optic cable should be within 1.8 km / h. During the pulling of the fiber-optic cable, when the "stocking" clamp approaches the roller and passes it through the roller, the speed of pulling is reduced to a minimum, almost to a complete stop. The pulling of the fiber optic cable along the rollers, regardless of the use of machines and mechanisms, is carried out smoothly with a minimum tractive effort.

After broaching the FOC, work is started to secure it using various clamps. Work begins with anchoring the WOK on the support extreme from the drum.

After the FOC is suspended on the supports of the contact network or the supports of high-voltage auto-blocking lines, special work is performed, which are necessary for the functioning of the fiber-optic communication line. Such works include:

construction of VOK inlets into buildings of communication houses and EC posts;

installation of connecting and branching couplings, including fiber splicing and welding quality control using instruments;

fastening of couplings on supports or other devices with laying out and securing the technological reserve of FOC;

control and measuring work on the mounted sections of the FOC between the regenerators.

5.5. FOCL construction technology

Winding a relatively light and inexpensive OK without reinforcement with power elements onto the phase wires of power transmission lines is one of the original and cheap ways of building fiber-optic communication lines.

The winding technology for the construction of fiber-optic communication lines is alternative way gaskets OK in the lightning protection cable. But, unlike laying OK in a lightning protection cable, in this case there is no need to replace the lightning protection cable and take the power transmission line out of working condition.

OK evenly, with the help of special mechanisms, is wound with a certain step around the existing lightning protection cable or phase wire with a special coiling machine (Fig. 5.11, Fig. 5.15). The winding machine can be moved along a lightning protection cable using a radio-controlled self-propelled mechanism or manually using a special winch. For the passage of the winding machine through the power transmission line supports, a special lifting device is used.

		The essence of the winding method is
		is as follows. Reel with cable
	Rice. 5.11. Implementation	The lem is installed on the winding
		typewriter, the typewriter is rolling
	coiling machines
	power transmission line and at the same time rotates the cable
	a carcass with a cable around the wire, providing
	balancing and cable tension at
	minimal impact on the load bearing
	water As a result, the cable (Fig.5.12) is spiral-		Rice. 5.12. Navivny
	but is wound on a wire with a constant		fiber optic cables -
	naviv step.

Initially, the mass of the machine with the cable did not exceed 37 kg, the maximum spool rotation was 0.4 m, the cable reserve on one reel was 1000 m (for cable d = 6.5 mm), that is, when using a cassette of two coils, the maximum construction length is 1 km. The machine is driven by a tow rope, manually, from the ground. The speed of the machine moving along the wire is about 0.5-1 m / s, the passage through the support takes no more than 10 minutes. The lifting of the machine on the support, towing, transitions through the support can be carried out by a team of installers, consisting of 3-4 people. Thus, it takes only about 3-5 hours to lay a straight-line section 1 km long.

The face-to-face lengths of the wound fiber-optic cable are connected to each other using overhead welding sleeves. Welded joints are fixed in a standard welding cassette, then the cassette, together with a coil with a supply of cable, is placed in a sealed sleeve, which is suspended from the wire using standard fasteners (Fig.5.13).

The weight of the joint with a cable reserve and an organizer plate does not exceed 5 kg. The coupling has a streamlined shape, similar to a disk suspended on a wire parallel to the ground surface, in order not to provide much wind resistance and not to increase the wind load on the supports. And, in addition, during the operation of the line, all couplings are under high voltage, which excludes unauthorized access to them or the manifestation of vandalism. All metal parts of the coupling in contact with the atmosphere are reliably protected by a weather-resistant coating in accordance with the requirements of standards. To protect the clutch housing from shooting by shot, the bottom cover is made of thickened steel.

Despite the fact that only dielectric materials are used in the cable design, short-circuit currents can drain along the surface of the cable sheath. For the transition of a fiber-optic cable from a high-voltage wire to grounded support structures at the beginning and end of the wound section, a pivot insulator is used, appearance which is shown in Fig. 5.14. Along the longitudinal axis, the bridged insulator has a channel for passing a fiber-optic coiled cable. At the ends of the insulator there are sealed connectors, with the help of which the cable input and output are reliably protected from atmospheric precipitation into the insulator channel. From above, the pivot insulator is attached to the overhead line wire, and from below, using a bracket, to the power transmission line support.

OK, wound on a lightning protection cable, is able to withstand any influences environment: ice, wind load, drops

temperatures, as well as short-circuit currents on the line, lightning strikes, vibration, etc. This construction method is used on overhead lines from 35 kV and above (Fig. 5.15).

Rice. 5.15. Coiling a fiber-optic cable to a lightning protection cable

For this type of installation, specialized devices have been developed - coiling machines. Their principle of operation is as follows: one mechanism (traction) allows the device to move uniformly along the cable, while the second (winding) mechanism rotates a drum fixed to the machine with a construction length of the cable around the cable. The fiber optic cable is simultaneously unwound from the reel and wrapped around the cable. Before the passage of the next span, special "working ladders" are fixed on the supports, which are necessary to prepare the mechanisms for operation. The winding machine is lifted onto a support and hung on the rope by a pulling device in the direction of travel. A drum with a cable is installed on the machine. In places of convergence with the support, the cable is fixed with a special clamp that prevents it from unwinding from the cable. After that, the traction and winding devices are started. Coiling of the construction length of the cable is carried out on the span between two supports. When the coiling machine approaches the next support (5–7 m away), the cable is again fixed with a clamp that prevents it from unwinding, after which the machine is dismantled and can be used on the next span. On the support itself, the cable is fixed on both sides with anchor clamps. In this way, a pass-through tension unit is formed - the so-called "jumper".

Improving the design of fiber-optic cable coiling machines has made it possible to create a device whose principle of operation is similar to a spindle. The weight of such a device is no more than 15 kg, and the payload is up to 180 kg, which allows winding the OC for spans up to 6 km long (Fig. 5.16).

Rice. 5.16. Coiling machine:

a) with a basic drum; b) with a cable length equal to the span length; c) cable carrier - the main element

This device was used for the construction of winding fiber-optic communication lines in the territory of the Russian Federation. To increase the reliability of fiber-optic communication lines during operation, the following solution was proposed: until the middle of the span, the cable is wound in one direction, and then in the opposite direction. In the middle of the span, the fiber-optic cable is fastened with a special clamp, which, in the event of a break in the carrier wire or cable, releases the cable and thereby avoids its breakage.

The advantages of the winding technology are undeniable. First of all, this is the ability to build fiber-optic communication lines in almost any conditions, both rough terrain (mountains, tundra, taiga where power lines are built), and various industrial barriers (railways and highways, feeder lines for various purposes, houses, vegetable gardens, ravines, etc. etc.) without additional devices and platforms.

The winding of the optical cable on the phase wire practically eliminates its icing, which, like the vibrations on the spans between the supports due to wind loads, is the main reason for the breakage of overhead wires. This is achieved by warming up the moisture-proof polyethylene sheath of the optical cable wrapped around the wire under the influence of the electromagnetic field of the power transmission line. In addition, an increase in the turbulence of air flows around the "Optical cable - power transmission line" system reduces the vibration level by 40-60%.

The technology under consideration provides an average winding speed of the OC up to 5-6 km per shift, allows you to pass difficult and inaccessible sections of the route.

It should be noted that in the conditions of Russia, the requirements for FOCs built into the ground wire differ in a number of features. These features consist, first of all, in the fact that climatic conditions require an operating temperature range of –60 ° C to + 70 ° C. This means that hydrophobic fillers of modules and cable core must maintain their parameters in the specified range. In addition, the temperature coefficients of expansion of the elements of the cable and ground wire must be very close to each other.

A lightning protection cable having one or two layers of ASC and containing an optical core is mounted on top of the transmission line and has the dual function of a ground wire and a communication cable. The process of building such fiber-optic communication lines is a complex technical problem associated with the use of powerful tensioning mechanisms, and the speed of construction and the technology of replacing the existing cable with a fiber-optic cable to a very large extent depend on the profile of the power transmission line, that is, the terrain along which it passes. Under normal conditions, the work team installs up to 5 km of fiber optic cable per day.

The main advantage of fiber-optic communication lines, implemented using this technology, is the high reliability of the communication line, which is due to the powerful bearing elements of the transmission line, designed for a service life of up to 50 years. It should be noted that during the implementation of the first projects for the construction of fiber-optic communication lines in the lightning protection cable along the power transmission line, the OK of foreign manufacturers was used. However, at present, the domestic cable of the OCGT type produced by Saranskkabel Optics, Moskabel-Fujikura and other Russian manufacturers is increasingly used.

The high reliability of fiber-optic communication lines, implemented on the basis of a lightning protection cable, is explained by the fact that the load-bearing structures of the power transmission lines are designed for a long service life (up to 50 years) and withstand external destructive loads, up to hurricane. In addition, mechanical damage to the fiber-optic communication line, which is located at the height of a 10-storey building in a very strong metal shell, is hardly possible. This explains their construction in remote regions, which are abundant in our country.

5.3. Suspension of a self-supporting fiber optic cable on power lines

This construction method found the most wide application on departmental networks such as EZhD, Gazprom, Energosystem and other departments. This is due to the fact that the construction method itself is quite simple, and these companies are the owners of various types of supports.

For the construction of FOCL by the method of suspension on the supports of high-voltage transmission lines and railway transport, a self-supporting dielectric OC is used, provided that its bearing capacity is sufficient, and the location of the OC itself does not interfere with the normal maintenance of the line on which it is suspended.

The specified construction method is used mainly where the length of the spans is small. These are EZhD contact networks (Lprol. ≈ 70 m),

power transmission line distribution networks (Lprol. - 50 ÷ 70 m), overhead transmission line supports (Lprol. - 50 ÷ 70 m). For the construction of trunk fiber-optic communication lines, where mainly large spans

you are using cables with reinforced mechanical characteristics, the parameters of which should be determined by calculation based on data on the climatic characteristics of the region where the projected FOCL will be located.

All work on the suspension of the OK on the supports is carried out in accordance with the current rules, norms and technical conditions laid down in the projects.

The method of hanging a fiber optic cable on a power transmission line is fraught with certain difficulties associated primarily with the fact that the power transmission line is constantly energized. Therefore, when hanging the cable, it is necessary to obtain permission from the owners of power lines to perform work, including disconnecting the voltage. In addition, personnel must be trained and have an appropriate electrical safety team. In this case, the most effective is the joint work of construction communications organizations and representatives of the energy sector, on the power transmission line supports of which the FOC is suspended.

Conducting construction work on the suspension of the OK is carried out at a temperature not lower than –10 ° С. Only in exceptional cases is it allowed to carry out work at temperatures below –10 ° С, while all safety precautions must be observed.

During the construction of fiber-optic communication lines on power transmission lines, both the latest design survey technologies are currently being successfully used, which allow inspecting the line in order to determine the possibility of suspending the fiber-optic cable on them, choosing the cable suspension route and its design, as well as the latest technological equipment that allows the construction -installation work.

The design and construction of fiber-optic communication lines for power transmission lines is regulated by the following documents.

1. "Rules for the suspension and installation of a self-supporting fiber-optic cable on the supports of the contact network and high-voltage auto-blocking lines" (approved by the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation on 08.16.1999 N TsE / TsIS-677). Note: Document as of January 2011.

2. "Rules for the design, construction and operation of fiber-optic communication lines on overhead power transmission lines.

of 0.4-35 kV. " SO 153-34.48.519-2002.

Unrolling and suspension of fiber optic cables on power lines is carried out under tension with preliminary pulling of the leader cable (rope) along the rolling rollers. Before starting work on rolling and hanging the fiber optic cable, you need to install the necessary mechanisms - a brake and tension machine, a mobile assembly laboratory, - LIOC, etc.

Rice. 5.5. Tensioning and braking machine for self-supporting wok

On all the supports of the power transmission line, where the OK are suspended, cable attachment points are mounted, rolling rollers are suspended nearby, along which the dielectric leader cable is pulled. The rollers must match the diameter OK. For the suspension of a self-supporting OK, rollers of two standard sizes are widely used: small, with an outer diameter of 200 mm and an inner diameter of 138 mm, and large, with an outer diameter of 676 mm and an inner diameter of 604 mm.

Rice. 5.6. LIOC mobile laboratory

The rolling rollers must have a low coefficient of friction and be designed for easy installation. They must also provide reliable protection of the optical cable from jamming in the roller body and protection against deceleration of the roller in case of contact with its fastening elements (Fig. 5.7).

Rice. 5.7. Installation of a self-supporting VOK

A special dielectric rope with high strength, low coefficient of elongation and low coefficient of torsion is used as a cable-leader, which is used for suspension of OC. The standard length of the cable leader is 1 or 0.5 km, which allows using special connectors to complete it in accordance with the construction lengths of the cable. In this case, the length of the cable leader must exceed the construction length of the fiber optic cable by one standard length.

The lead rope is unwound from the winch drum and on each support is passed through the grooves of each roller. The lead cable is pulled up to the brake machine, passed through it and connected through a swivel and cable stocking with the end of the FOC on a drum mounted on a lifting brake device.

The pulling of the lead cable with the VOK attached to it is carried out by the winch by winding the lead cable onto the winch drum. In this case, in the process of pulling the cable, a visual control is performed for the sag arrow and the absence of twisting of the fiber optic cable along the route.

The broaching speed is on average about 1.8 km / h. When approaching, during the broaching of the joint of the lead cable and the fiber optic cable to the rolling roller, the broaching speed is reduced to a minimum. Unrolling ends when the OK passes through the unrolling roller on the end support for a distance equal to the height of the roller suspension plus 15–20 m.

	After rolling out on a support, about
	which the drum with OK is located,
	the cable is fixed with a
	clamping clamp (Fig.5.8). By way of
	cable tension is set to a certain
	project sag sag OK in the span
	tach, and the cable is attached to the other
	support of the section to be installed
	using a tension clamp.
Rice. 5.8. Application	The brake machine is regulated
tension clamp	braking force to ensure
	constant effort providing

sag arrow. The sag arrow OK should not go beyond the 5% tolerance up or down from the design task.

After fixing the OK on the end supports, it is removed from the rollers and fixed in the supporting clamps.

Work on fixing the FOC in the calculated position is carried out no later than 48 hours after its rolling. In the course of this work, they perform:

FOK fastening on supports with tension clamps;

transferring the FOC from the rollers to the supporting clamps;

laying and fixing technological stocks of OK lengths on supports. Examples of OK fastening depending on the type of supports and construction

fittings are shown in Fig. 5.9.

Rice. 5.9. Clamps for fastening FOK

The descent of the OK from the overhead line supports is carried out in order to ensure the production of welding of optical fibers and optical measurements of the cable without lifting the welding and measuring equipment. The descents are carried out with the same cable that is mounted on the overhead line. The descent cable is attached to the support body using special structures with clamps; the height of the coupling itself must be at least 5.0 m from the ground.

The installation of couplings is carried out in the same way as the installation of FOCs laid in the ground in specially equipped vehicles (Fig. 5.6). The assembled couplings and the technological reserve of the FOC length are placed in protective containers fixed on the support body at a distance of at least 6 m from the ground level. During descent, a dielectric suspended FOC, introduced into the premises of the communication object or the transition to the underground FOC, is introduced into a protective plastic (metal) pipe fixed to the support body with sealing of the ends of the pipe with a cable using a heat-shrinkable tube.

Optical cables for suspension along power lines are manufactured by a number of Russian factories. ZAO Narodnaya Firma Elektropovod (Moscow) has extensive experience in the production of self-supporting FOCs for suspension along power lines, one of the first in Russia to launch the production of FOCs. Self-supporting dielectric cables made by Samara Optical Cable Company (Samara) and Transvok (Borovsk, Kaluga Region) have proven themselves well.

Typical design self-supporting FOC is a modular twist core protected by aramid threads, which are used as reinforcing elements (Fig. 5.10). In this case, the OM are inside the tubes (modules) made of durable polybutylene terephthalate or polyamide, which are filled with a water-repellent gel. Various companies usually use a 5- or 6-element twist on a central element made in the form of a fiberglass rod. On top of the twisted modules, a polyethylene sheath of the HDPE or LDPE type is applied, depending on the required crush resistance. Aramid threads are applied to the intermediate sheath, which, as a rule, are laid in two layers of the opposite layer.

Rice. 5.10. The main types of self-supporting FOCs:

a) cable with fiberglass bundles; b) cable with aramid threads

The robust outer shell protects the FOC from external influences.

Casing options with increased resistance to electrical breakdown and aggressive media are provided.

Power line supports are often used not only for their intended purpose, but also as engineering structures for suspension of communication cables. Due to the fact that power lines connect together even the most remote corners of our country, they are almost an ideal way to organize communications. For this, a suspension is made on the supports. different types fiber optic cables (FOC).

Expert opinion

Chief Editor of LinijaOpory

Our colleagues are engaged in consultations in the field of calculations and design of fiber-optic communication lines on overhead lines. On the VOLS-psd.ru website you can familiarize yourself with the list of calculations and consultations performed, as well as find out the conditions for designing fiber-optic communication lines according to your technical specification. No question will remain unanswered.

There are several options for the construction of fiber-optic communication lines on overhead lines. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. On our site you can find comprehensive information about communication lines of this type. Every year there are new ways of hanging and laying the fiber optic cable, but there are several "classic" options, each of which is used quite often.

Self-supporting fiber optic communication cable

Self-supporting optical cable (OCSN) is most often used in the design and construction of fiber-optic communication lines, since its suspension can be carried out without removing the voltage in the line, and this greatly reduces construction costs.

Such a cable is characterized by light weight and good stretching capabilities. Its suspension is carried out directly on the support body or its traverse (depending on the type and design of the support).

Currently, there are many special devices designed to suspend the ACS. All of them will be reviewed on our resource.

Optical cable built into the ground wire

The cable built into the lightning protection cable (OPGT) is used on high and extra-high voltage lines. This type of cable is widespread enough, since it is the most acceptable option for large lengths of the power transmission line.

OPGT performs both the function of transmitting information and the classical function of protecting the line from overvoltage. For the construction of FOCL on OPGT, it is necessary to disconnect the line voltage. When designing, there are many factors to consider that affect the wear resistance and durability of the cable. OPGT does not create additional loads on the overhead line supports.

Optical cable embedded in the phase conductor

Optical cable in phase conductor (OCPC) - relatively new technology, which is used very rarely on the territory of the Russian Federation. This is primarily due to the high cost building materials and the complexity of installing such a wire.

During the construction of fiber-optic communication lines using OCPF, the voltage in the line is disconnected and the existing phase wire is replaced with a communication cable with similar characteristics. This allows both mechanical and electrical symmetry to be achieved in the line. Currently, power engineers allow such manipulations to be performed rarely and only when there are no other possibilities for suspending the FOC (for example, in conditions of large spans).

Filament optical cable

When using this technology, a special machine is launched along the phase wire of the line, which, moving along the wire, evenly winds the FOC on it.

As a result of winding the fiber optic cable does not require additional fastening on the supports, and increases the load on them only slightly. V modern construction this technology is used quite often on lines with voltage up to 35 kV. The use of winding machines requires from installers sufficient knowledge in some technical issues, but this pays off with the results of the work. It is especially important to use serviceable and efficient mechanisms during the installation process.

Construction of fiber-optic communication lines on overhead lines - a promising direction of communication

The development of fiber-optic data transmission networks is rapid and widespread. A wide variety of engineering structures and cable designs are used. To ensure long and trouble-free operation, such lines are designed taking into account the maximum loads observed over the past 25 years.

In addition to the fact that there are separate documents for the rationing of the FOC suspension, there is also a corresponding section in the Electrical Installation Rules.

If the bearing capacity of the supports for stability in the ground is insufficient, it is necessary to provide for the installation of guy wires. The type of guy is indicated in the working documentation of the project.

3.11. Assessment of the condition of rigid cross members should be made on the basis of visual examinations and measurements of the degree of corrosive wear of structural elements. Suspension of FOC on rigid cross-members is allowed if the reduction in the cross-sectional area of ​​chords and lattice elements due to corrosive wear does not exceed 20%. With a greater reduction in cross-sections, the rigid cross-member must be replaced or reinforced.

3.12. The calculation of the brackets must be carried out in the same way as the calculation of the brackets for wires for loads arising from the effect of wind and ice on the fiber optic cable, as well as changes in its direction. In addition, the assembly load from the weight of the fitter with the tool, taken equal to 100 kg, must be taken into account.

4. Organization and technology of work on the suspension and installation of FOC.

activities to ensure the quality of work.

4.2. Preparatory work in front of the VOK suspension

The minimum distance from the ground and other structures should be taken in accordance with the requirements provided for in clause 2 of these Rules.

Clamps or mounting brackets must be used for fixing to the poles. Fastening the bracket to the support should be carried out using screws, bolts or clamps, including tape.

After fastening the coupling to the support, the technological stock can be looped and fixed on the support in accordance with Fig. 1 or Fig. 2.

When laying the technological stock in accordance with Fig. 1, the FOC on one side of the coupling is folded into a loop in one direction, and on the other side in the opposite direction. Then the hinges are connected and secured to the bracket. It is possible to lay the fiber optic cable, when both ends are rolled simultaneously in the same direction.

When laying the stock in accordance with Fig. 2, the stock on each side of the coupling is suspended and fixed in the span at a distance of 10-15 m to each side of the support. In both cases, when laying the fiber-optic cable, the minimum bending radius of the fiber-optic cable must be observed.

When laying the technological stock of the FOC, it is advisable to use mainly the scheme in Fig. 1, which allows to reduce the loads on the supports and to simplify the maintenance of the technological stock of the FOC.

4.5.3. The performance of the necessary special work must be carried out in accordance with the instructions, specifications, standards and guidelines established for these works. General instructions and requirements for the performance of these special works are provided in Appendices 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to these Rules.

4.5.4. To carry out special work, the organizations performing these works, if necessary, can develop instructions, instructions, rules, taking into account the peculiarities of the work in the conditions of train traffic in the presence of voltage in the contact network and suspended wires. The developed normative acts must be approved by the head of the railway.

4.5.5. The design of the VOK inputs to the communication centers, the place of installation of disconnecting and branching couplings, the method of their fastening is determined by the project.

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Fig 2. Scheme of the layout of the technological stock of FOC in the span.

4.6 Features of the FOC suspension on the supports of high-voltage auto-blocking lines

4.6.1. It is advisable to carry out work on the suspension of brackets, rollers and anchoring the VOK, if there are entrances, using hydraulic lifts installed on a car or tractor. In the absence of entrances, these works can be carried out using ladders, mounting claws and manholes, mounting rollers and cables for lifting materials and products.

Delivery of materials, equipment, mechanisms and workers to the place of suspension of the FOC can be carried out by cars or railcars by rail.

4.6.2. Work on pulling the cable-leader and fiber optic cable should be performed using a mechanized complex on an automobile or tractor drive or using a set of mechanisms (winches, lifting and braking device, brake coils).

When using such complexes, the work is carried out in the same sequence as when pulling the cable-leader and the fiber optic cable through the supports of the contact network, given in paragraphs 4.2-4.4 of these Rules.

4.7. Safety requirements

4.7.1. When performing work on the suspension of the fiber optic cable on the supports of the contact network and overhead lines of automatic blocking with a voltage of 6-10 kV, it is necessary to be guided by the following safety regulations:

Electrical Safety Rules for Railway Workers on Electrified Railways, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on September 22, 1995, No. ЦЭ-346;

Safety rules for the operation of the contact network of electrified railways and automatic blocking power supply devices, approved by the Ministry of Railways of the USSR on February 20, 1987, No. TsE-4506;