How to care for a flowering primrose after purchase. Primula room. Different types of aphids

Primrose, or primrose (popular name lambs, lambs, golden keys of spring) is a low bush, the peduncles of which can reach 50-70 cm, but are more often limited to 20-45 cm. Inflorescences of bright colors. They have red, purple, yellow, white, orange hues. They are a small bouquet. Looks great, being in the center of a rosette of green leaves.

The leaf plates are covered with fluff, differ in characteristic wrinkling, have wavy edges. Rhizomes short, sometimes creeping.

Blooms in early spring, pleases for a long time.

Kinds

There are at least 390 species.

Basic, most suitable for the room:

Ordinary (stemless)

Wavy leaves. Large yellow, red, purple flowers with a bright yellow core.

Primrose stemless

reverse conical

Perennial, 45-60 cm high. Rounded, drooping leaves. Flowers blue, red.

soft-leaved

Fragrant, annual variety. Grows up to half a meter. Toothed leaf plates - 20 cm long. Flowering time is the second half of winter.

Chinese

Height - up to 30 cm. Serrated elongated leaves. Wavy flowers - 3-4 cm in diameter. It is grown in a 1-2-year-old culture, otherwise it grows and loses its decorative effect.

Chinese primrose

Cues

Leaf plates are rounded heart-shaped, on them - white coating. Inflorescence - yellowish umbrellas with a pleasant smell.

Primrose care after purchase

After buying the primrose in a week, you need to transplant:

• Buy soil;
• Choose a container with a diameter of 3 cm more;
• Transplant;
• Choose further care;

Important! If the purchased plant blooms, you should wait for the end of the flowering period.

The soil mixture should consist of sand, compost, peat (1:3:1).

Change after purchase

1. Cover the bottom of the container with drainage holes with drainage (vermiculite, broken red brick);
2. Above is the soil substrate. Make a recess in the center;
3. Move the ram to the prepared mixture;
4. Pour the remaining substrate;
5. Leave 0.5 cm to the edge of the pot. Compact the soil slightly;
6. Water.

Primrose transplant

Put the primrose at the window. No need to disturb (rearrange) for several weeks: let him get used to the new conditions. The light of the sun's rays should be diffused. Moisten after each drying of the earth. The first feeding - after 14 days. Then - once a month.

Growing conditions

Temperature

Optimal:

Spring - autumn - +19

In winter, during the budding period - +17

Humidity

Likes medium to high humidity. If the air is dry, the tips of the leaves begin to dry, the inflorescences fall off.

Therefore, the keys must be periodically sprayed.

Attention! Large drops should not be allowed to fall on delicate flower petals.

You can put a vessel filled with water nearby. Comfortable humidity will be maintained.

Lighting

Lambs need bright, but diffused light. Under direct ultraviolet rays, the leaves can burn. The western and eastern window sills of the house are perfect.

Choosing a place to put

Given that the keys love warmth, it is ideal to choose a room where the temperature is maintained from +12 to +20 degrees. Houses should be located away from the heating system, from drafts, vents.

How it looks in the interior.

Primroses - interior decoration

Sheep can emphasize any detail in the interior, thanks to their colors.

Perfect for a window sill or computer table. In summer, the terrace railings will serve as a good decoration.

Care at different times of the year

spring

The keys have a flowering period. It is necessary to provide +18 degrees. Inflorescences feel great on a glazed balcony or in unheated greenhouses.

Summer

After flowering, faded flowers are removed. The keys are transplanted under the open sky in the shade - to rest. If buds appear, they must be removed to ensure abundant flowering in the spring. Make sure the soil is always moist.

autumn

Preparations for spring begin.

It is necessary to moisturize abundantly. Make sure that the water does not stagnate in the pot.

in winter

Can be reduced to +15. Top dressing is done in half the size of the norm once a month. Water sparingly as the soil dries out.

How to care during flowering

primrose bloom

February, March - the period of the full flowering of the queen of window sills. Flowering primrose must be kept in sunlight, but diffused light at 16-20 ° C. Correct use of east or west windows.

Moisturize abundantly. The earth must always be moist. Otherwise, the rams will drop the buds. Don't water it too much, the roots will rot.

Feed once every two weeks. A weak solution of a fertilizer mixture for flowering plants is used.

Peculiarity! If the flower stalks are removed immediately after the petals wither, the flowering period is increased by 2.5 months.

How to care after flowering

After spring flowering, all flower stalks are removed. The keys are transferred to a well-ventilated cool room, where the temperature is from +17 to +20. Shade lightly. The ideal place is a garden or balcony.

Can be transplanted by dividing into separate outlets. In autumn, the plants are returned home.

What is forcing and how to do it

Forcing plants is a technology that allows you to bring the flowering time closer.

Reference! For distillation, both garden primrose and indoor plants can be used: two-year-old seedlings or delenki (lateral processes of adult plants).

In late autumn, the keys with a large clod of earth are moved to separate pots.

Stored in basements, cellars, where + 5 - + 7 degrees. Do not water.

With the onset of February (maybe a little earlier), the pots (boxes) are transferred to a room where +17.

Start watering gradually. Waiting for buds to appear. Usually their appearance occurs in late February - early March.

When the culture fades, it continues to be moderately watered.

After the arrival of heat, the rams are moved under the open sky.

After two or three years, the shoots from the bushes can be taken for distillation.

Is it grown outdoors

In the spring, indoor primrose can be transplanted into an open-air garden in a shaded place.

Before the onset of autumn frosts must be brought home.

Signs of improper care

The main signs of improper care: various diseases rams. Root rot, drying of leaf plates, the appearance of brown spots on them, falling flowers.

Transfer

Primrose transplantation is carried out in the fall

Requirements for transplanting a flower are determined by the characteristics of the variety. In general, you can replant annually or every 3-4 years, after flowering. Mainly in autumn (September, October).

Stages:

• A container is taken half wider than the previous one and with holes at the bottom.
• The bottom is covered with drainage (broken red brick, small pebbles, expanded clay).
• The soil is acquired similar to geraniums. A quarter is supplemented with sand.
• Transplanted carefully, without deepening the outlet. Slightly crushing the soil.

Planting seeds

We need to prepare the ground. Buy a special soil in the store.

Or they make a mixture: greenhouse land, river sand, weathered peat. All components are taken in equal amounts. Impregnate with a solution of potassium permanganate.

Planting primrose

Three periods are suitable for landing.

1. Spring: February - early March. Seeds are sown in prepared soil under a film of greenhouses.
2. Summer: July August. As soon as the lambs bloom, and the seeds ripen.
3. Podzimny landing: November December. The best and most efficient.

Reference! Seeds are used both collected independently and purchased.

To accelerate germination, the sown seeds contain at +20. The soil is well saturated with moisture. After 9-11 days, the first shoots appear. The first picking of seedlings is carried out at the stage of appearance of 1-2 true leaves. The second usually coincides with the period when the threat of frost has completely passed, the transplant is performed in open ground.

reproduction

In addition to planting with seeds, reproduction is carried out by cuttings, rooting of shoots, dividing the bush.

Cuttings are used when the bush has one outlet, so it cannot be divided.

Cuttings 8–14 cm long are cut from the root neck so that they have a shoot or growth bud. Planted in boxes with soil mixture, Moisturize, cover with transparent material. Take care of in the usual way.

Leaves appear after 3.5 months. The cuttings are planted in separate containers.

Rooting is suitable when the roots are weak, the rosettes have not yet developed to separate them. For this procedure, the sheet plate is reduced by a third. Then, together with the petiole, the kidney on it is separated from the base of the root, planted in a prepared container with sand (depth 1 cm).

Placed near a bright window sill. Temperature - +17 degrees.

Water moderately. Rooting occurs in two weeks.

ATTENTION. The division of the bush is the fastest breeding method. It is produced when the lambs have completely faded.

The root is divided so that each part has a growth bud, rosette, root system. Slices are sprinkled with ash or powder activated carbon. Dropped off immediately at destination.

Moisturizing is done daily for two weeks.

pruning

In reality, primroses are not pruned. Drying leaves and buds must be removed so as not to infect other tissues of the plant. The procedure must be carried out in rubber gloves with disinfected (alcohol or bleach) scissors. Such pruning preserves the decorativeness of the ram, provides prevention from pests.

Primrose pruning

Rejuvenation

Primrose is rejuvenated every 3 years. Otherwise there is a disease. To rejuvenate the bush, they dig it up, divide it into parts, plant it at a distance of 18 cm from each other. Room - in different pots.

Add some ash and compost to the soil.

rest period

Rest begins after flowering, in late autumn. There are no flower stalks, but the leaves remain green. Lambs are transferred to a shaded, cool, ventilated place. It is possible on the northern window sill, closer to the glass. Water less often, moderately. Feeding should be discarded at this time. Dry branches are removed.

Watering and other water procedures

Water moderately. Humidification helps the lambs awaken from their winter rest. The earth should be moist, loose all the time. The appearance of buds is accompanied by abundant watering.

After flowering, the amount of water is significantly reduced. In this case, excessive drying of the soil should be controlled.

Improper hydration will adversely affect the duration and beauty of the amazing process.

Important water requirements:

• Use settled, rain, melted water
• Moisture temperature - room
• Tap water - prohibited, it is better to boil if there is no settled
• Sometimes it is allowed to use distilled

Watering methods

1. Upper: the spout of the watering can spills the earth near the walls of the container. After an hour and a half, the liquid leaked to the pan is drained.
2. Bottom humidification through the pallet. Draining water - after three hours.
3. Immerse the pot until completely soaked.

The frequency of moistening depends on the frequency of drying of the earth.

When the air is dry, spraying is carried out:

In the summer they are sprayed on the surface of the green mass. in winter heating system dries out the air. Therefore, moistening around the keys is required. Also put vessels with liquid.

Watering primrose

Peculiarity! Additionally, weak solutions of liquid dressings are saturated with moisture. Fertilizer mixtures are used (according to the instructions, but the doses are less). Starting from the end of winter: once every 14 days.

top dressing

Top dressing should be moderate. Selected carefully for each period of the year.

Primrose top dressing

Spring

Before flowering - calcium nitrate (tablespoon - a bucket of water).

They pay once a month. Growth of green mass is provided. The culture is saturated with calcium, nitrogen.

flowering time

Potassium-phosphorus mixture (a tablespoon - a bucket of water) or a mixture for flowering crops. Used every three weeks.

Autumn

The lambs have bloomed. In late autumn, add a handful of fresh compost to each.

Important! After flowering, it is necessary to remove the yellow stems, dried flower stalks. They won't draw juices.

Diseases and pests

sick primrose

Diseases

Gray rot

The causative agent is a fungus. All parts are covered first with brown spots, then with a gray coating. Affected fragments die off. Spores are carried around, infecting nearby bushes. To avoid disease, you should ventilate the room more often. Remove diseased stems, flower stalks, treat with fungicide.

vascular wilt

The causative agent is mushrooms. The roots are starting to rot. Then the lower leaves wither, gradually the entire bush, complete decay occurs. Defeat occurs when

insufficient lighting, severe waterlogging, malnutrition.

Anthracnose

All above-ground organs are covered with brown depressed spots that interfere with the advancement of nutrients. The bush is dying. The disease develops when there is not enough phosphorus, potassium, the soil is highly moistened, its acidity is above normal.

To prevent diseases, it is necessary to inspect the flowers more often. If fungi appear, apply a copper-containing fungicide.

Chlorosis

The increased acidity of the earth affects. The surface of leaves and buds is covered yellow spots. Prevention - water with settled water, periodically add ferrous sulfate.

Pests

Different types of aphids

Black, green insects are located at the bottom of the leaf blade, suck out the juice.

From aphids, insecticides of the latest generation are used.

caterpillars

Aboveground parts gnaw. Leave stool. Control is the use of insecticides.

spider mite

Attention! May appear with purchased lambs, a bouquet, wind through an open window. Its colonies can settle on the entire above-ground part. They are all wrapped in cobwebs.

Good prevention - a shower, careful treatment with soapy water. Wash off after 9 minutes.

With a large area of ​​\u200b\u200binfection, they are treated with the Fitoverm insecticide.

How to reanimate

Reasons why primrose wilts:

• The air is dry, the temperature is high
• Draft, low temperature
• Watering insufficient
• No top dressing
• Exposure to direct sunlight

To revive you need:

1. Cut off faded stems, flower stalks.
2. Gradually moisten, allowing the soil to dry out periodically. Water should be soft, room temperature.
3. Feed with any fertilizer mixtures for flowers (once every two weeks).
4. Bring the temperature to the optimum: +19 degrees. +16 is allowed. (To stimulate bud set).
5. After the revival of the plants, they must be placed in a cool room until the end of budding.

Benefits and contraindications

Primrose is actively used in medicine

Traditional medicine uses all parts of the keys.

The roots are rich in saponins, which have healing powers:

• Tonic action
• Liver protection
• Stimulation of the metabolism of cholesterol, glucose.

When cut, the leaf can serve as an excellent plaster.

When the head hurts, cold

Pour two tablespoons of crushed dried petals with a glass of boiling water, leave for 7 minutes. Then strain. Take 40 ml twice a day.

For sore throat

Boil two teaspoons of crushed root in a glass of water for 4 minutes. Gargle with warm decoction 3 times a day.

For insomnia

Pour a glass of dried petals with vodka (0.5 liters). Shaking occasionally, insist for two weeks in a dark, cool place. Take in the evening: 7 drops before bed. Drop on a sugar cube.

Has an anti-cancer effect

Evening primrose is widely used in cosmetology. An excellent oil is obtained from its seeds. It is used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes.

Oil use:

• In the treatment of arthritis, intestinal inflammation, diabetes
• It cleanses the blood, normalizes blood pressure, lowers cholesterol levels.
• How cosmetic product, helps to rejuvenate the skin, reduce wrinkles.
• Strengthens hair

Contraindications

• Pregnancy, especially in the first trimester
• Individual intolerance
• Epilepsy

Carefully! The obkonika variety can cause allergies: irritation, the appearance of rashes on the skin. Must be cared for with rubber gloves. The potty must be out of the reach of small children.

Common mistakes and resuscitation

1. Excessive watering. As evidenced by drooping stems. Bug fix: Reduce watering.
2. Keeping in heat and dry air. The leaf plates are covered with dark spots, the buds fall off. Resuscitation: increase air humidity, ventilate the room
3. Cold storage area. The leaves turn pale at the edges, wrinkle. It is urgent to raise the temperature to the required norm. If the plant has had time to freeze everything, you will have to grow a new one.
4. The appearance of chlorosis: the leaves along the veins turn yellow or white. It is necessary to reduce watering, stop using hard water.

Answers to popular questions

Indoor primrose

Is indoor primrose affected by aphids?

Answer. If it's in a room, it's unlikely. Aphids breed outdoors in high humidity. On the balcony - her appearance is possible. Any insecticide should be used.

What is the flowering period for rams?

Answer. Depends on the variety. It can bloom for a month twice a year, it can continuously for a long time.

Why do green primrose plates turn yellow?

Answer. The reasons are different. Often depends on the soil. Too alkaline soil negatively affects. Optimal pH=6.1.

Is it possible to plant indoor primrose in open ground?

Answer. Maybe for the summer. In September, you need to dig it out, bring it home.

Conclusion

Thus, primrose does not bring much trouble. Has wonderful healing properties. It is a wonderful decoration of window sills, flower beds. Its bright colors delight with their splendor for a long time.

Knowing about the virtues of the queen of window sills, flower growers love to breed a beauty at home and in flower beds.

Primula is one of the first spring flowers. Her beauty and tenderness will not leave anyone indifferent. Knowledge of the intricacies of home care allows you to grow primrose for many years.

Description

Houseplant primrose belongs to the Primrose family and has a hundred species. The flower also grows in nature. The area of ​​growth is quite wide. This is Europe, and the north of Africa, and the Central part of Asia.

Primrose is a rather low plant. The height of the bushes usually varies from 25 to 30 cm. First of all, a shock of bright multi-colored five-petal flowers is remembered. Their color can be yellow, blue, pink, lilac, white, and blue. Flowers lie on green rosettes.

The flowering period is winter and spring. Speaking about the life span of a plant, there are annuals and perennials. It is better to choose a perennial primrose for flower beds and flower beds, and for a house it is better to stop at annual varieties.

The difference between a flower and other flowering houseplants is:

• fibrous root system;
• rosette of basal leaves;
• shape and color of flowers.

The leaves may have different shapes. They are located on elongated petioles. The average leaf diameter is 5-6 m. The surface of the leaves is fleecy.

As can be seen in the photo of room primrose, flowers can be either single or collected in umbellate or racemose inflorescences.

Primrose reverse conical

Specific traits:

• compact dimensions (height up to 20 cm);
• long flowering time (2 times a year);
• abundance of flowering (up to 10 flowers in the inflorescence, the flowers are large, of different shades).

Chinese primrose

Specific traits:

• the presence of a yellow "eye" on the corolla;
• rich green leaves with a serrated edge;
• growing period up to 2 years;
• easily tolerates a transplant;
• quite high (up to 35 cm);
• the possibility of allergies;
• flowers are large, may be different forms- from pink to terry clove.

Location and temperature

The rules for the care and cultivation of primrose are quite simple. The plant tolerates cold and poorly bright sunlight. Therefore, it is better to put a pot with it on the north or west window. If this is not possible, then the flower is placed on the eastern windowsill and shaded.

As for the temperature regime, it is desirable to maintain a temperature of 12 - 16 ° C. In warmer climates, the flowers begin to wilt and fall off. Try to avoid temperature fluctuations during the flowering period.

Humidity

Air humidity is a point that should be given special attention. In order for the primrose to grow and develop normally, the air in the room must be humid. The space around the flower should be regularly sprayed with water from a spray bottle.

soil mixture

The plant prefers light, permeable, slightly acidic soil. The optimal composition of the soil is turf, peat, leafy soil and sand in proportions of 2 to 2 to 2 to 1. It is allowed to use a ready-made mixture for plants of the geranium family.

Transplant Features

Most often, primrose is acquired during its flowering period. A flower should be transplanted after it finishes blooming. If the plant is an annual, then they get rid of it or divide it into daughter sockets, each of which is planted in separate pots.

It is better to choose a wide container for primroses. Its volume should correspond to the volume of the root system of plants. Pots must first be disinfected - this will help to avoid many problems with the roots.

A drainage layer of expanded clay or crushed stone is required. The transfer process is as follows:

• Fall asleep drainage.
• The next layer is soil. They fill 2/3 of the pot.
• Water thoroughly.
• A plant is planted and the earth is filled up to the edge of the container.

The flower needs constantly moist soil. Do not allow it to dry out - the plant may die.

If you love bright colors in the interior, then potted primrose flowers, these golden keys from spring, are a wonderful choice. Juicy shades of flowers will cheer you up every day and delight the eye with their beauty.

Photo of room primrose

Primula (primrose): compact plant with beautiful flowers in various shades.

The Latin name Primula is translated as "the first". In wild nature yellow flowers Primroses are among the first to signal the arrival of spring. The habitat of these plants is wet meadows, floodplains of rivers, banks of streams.

Pots with indoor blooming primrose appear on flower markets by March 8, delighting with a variety of shapes and colors.

Among these plants there are those that can be cultivated only in room conditions, and garden species intended for further planting in open ground.

How to determine the type of primrose by external signs

Usually, in garden farms, a garden type of primrose is grown especially for the women's holiday, guessing its budding by the end of February.

After the end of flowering, the plants begin to turn yellow and go into hibernation, while the indoor species continues to grow and the leaves remain green.

Having received a primrose as a gift, you can immediately understand by its appearance whether it is garden or indoor. If elongated wrinkled leaves grow from the ground itself, this is a stemless primrose, or an ordinary primrose.

When the earth warms up, it can be planted in the garden, and this perennial frost-resistant plant will delight with early flowering for many years.

If the leaves are round, resembling geranium foliage in appearance, they do not grow immediately from the soil, but are located on thick petioles, and large single or double flowers are located on the peduncles with an umbrella - this is a room primrose obconica.

Its flowers emit a pleasant sweet fragrance. This houseplant is not suitable for growing in the garden. In open ground, it can be planted only for the summer period.

Unlike garden species related to primroses, obkonika is a houseplant that blooms intermittently throughout the year.

Many inflorescences rise above a lush rosette of round and heart-shaped fleecy leaves. V indoor floriculture both traditional varieties and new Dutch large-flowered hybrids are popular.

Rules for caring for room primrose obkonika

To successfully cultivate at home this beautiful flower, get acquainted with biological features kind. Primrose inverse conical refers to large-flowered species.

Its beautiful flowers with a diameter of 6-8 cm are located in the second tier, rising above the dark green leaves on long stems. At the same time, the plant can throw out up to 10 flower stalks.

Usually, in indoor conditions, they try to create an environment similar to that in which the flower lives in the natural environment. Primula refers to undersized herbaceous plants that live in the lower tier of forests, along the banks of reservoirs.

Moist soil with good aeration and diffused light create optimal conditions for growth and flowering.

Lighting and location

The best place is well-lit, with diffused soft sunlight. You can put on the windowsill of a window facing north.

If the window faces the sunny side, summer scorching rays can burn the leaves. In this case, it is recommended to install racks at a distance of one and a half meters from the window.

In the warm season, the flower can be taken out to the terrace or balcony, avoiding direct sunlight.

The soil

Ready-made universal loose soil, nutritious and moisture-intensive, is suitable for obkoniki.

You can independently prepare a mixture, which will include one part of humus, the same amount of leafy soil, and half a portion of garden soil and sand.

It's a good idea to add some charcoal, which greatly improves the structure.

Temperature regime

For room primrose, the ideal temperature is 16-18 ° C.

When the temperature rises, the leaves grow faster, at the same time, the buds do not form.

In winter, obkonika feels better on a cool loggia, where the temperature is kept within 12-15 ° C.

Watering and humidity

Primrose is demanding for watering, but it can not be flooded.

During flowering, it is plentifully watered with soft water 2-3 times a week, in the rest of the period - 1-2 times a week. Drops of moisture should not fall on the leaves. Excess water from the pan must be drained.

top dressing

During the period of bud formation and flowering, liquid fertilizer is applied at intervals of two weeks. For this purpose, top dressing with a high content of potassium is suitable.

In such a complex fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus and potassium NPK is 1:1:2. To build green mass, it is better to use fertilizer with a predominance of nitrogen (NPK - 3:2:1).

In the intervals between flowering, the primrose freezes. She needs less water, and feeding should be temporarily stopped.

Care during flowering

Obkonika begins to bloom profusely from late February to July. At good care continues to throw out single buds until December.

To indoor flower looked well-groomed, you need to remove wilted flowers and dried leaves.

The flowers are removed by plucking, trying not to touch the flower stalks, on which new buds will subsequently form.

Abundant watering and regular top dressing will ensure long and long flowering. When the plant has faded, it is placed in a more shaded and cool place.

After a summer holiday, it quickly comes into shape and can bloom a second time.

Transfer

Primrose obconica blooms profusely in the first two years, so it is recommended to repot it periodically.

This procedure is performed before spring flowering, when new outlets appear. Old dead leaves are removed, the bushes are divided and placed in a new substrate.

The root system of the primrose is fibrous, it is located in the upper part of the soil, so it is better to use not deep pots, but wide bowls.

reproduction

You can get new plants by planting seeds, dividing the bush during transplantation, and lateral processes.

Vegetative propagation using lateral processes is carried out in the spring. The processes are separated, placed in a container with wet sand, covered with a transparent film. When roots appear, transplant into pots.

Seeds are bought at a flower shop or collected with their own hands from their plants. To get seeds from houseplant, you need to transfer pollen from one flower to another with a brush.

Under natural conditions, this function is performed by insects. When the boxes that appear after flowering turn brown, it is time to collect the seeds. They can be stored in a cool dry place, but it is better to sow immediately in the ground.

Garden primrose care

In the garden, ordinary primroses feel great, they winter quietly and delight in early spring with rare flowering at this time.

It is important to choose the right place where the primroses will grow and develop well. Areas with an openwork shadow from trees are best suited. Leaves burn in the sun.

It is necessary to dig a small area, add humus, add some sand. Loose nutrient soil is exactly what primrose needs.

Do not rush to transplant a primrose that has faded in room conditions into the garden. Wait until the soil warms up to at least 9 °C.

Although the plant is winter-hardy, it needs to gain a foothold in a new environment and gain strength. It will bloom next spring.

The overgrown bush is divided in the spring, when the rosettes of leaves have formed, but the buds have not yet appeared.

Hands carefully separate sockets with their own roots, planted in the ground, watered and shaded for several days if the sun is hot. Rejuvenate garden primrose about once every 3 years.

Helpful Hints

flower primrose always takes first place among lovers of home flowers. Primrose completely unpretentious. Its color scheme is distinguished by a very wide spectrum and a peculiar charm.

Primrose begins to bloom very early, almost immediately after the snow melts. Therefore, she received her name, which in translation means - the first.

This flower is perennial and annual. Some species of perennials are grown outdoors as annuals. This is done due to frost. When planting flowers at home in pots, they can not only live long, but also delight their owners with beautiful flowering in early spring and winter.

Read also:

How to properly care for a flower at home

Description and useful properties

primroses usually blooms yellow, red, pink flowers. Although there are other shades. The flowers may grow singly, but most often they are usually collected in umbellate inflorescences. Their fruit is expressed as a box.

Primrose usually grows up to 25-30 centimeters. Its root system is fibrous, the leaves are rosette, which are about 7 centimeters in diameter.

Important! Some varieties of this plant can cause allergic reactions.

primrose plant- a storehouse of the most necessary substances. She possesses medicinal properties. From its roots you can get essential oils used as an expectorant. Various decoctions are also prepared from the leaves of the plant and its roots for a variety of diseases.

Ground parts of the plant and roots are very healing. in homeopathy. They are rich in ascorbic acid, glycosides and carotenoids.

There are a lot of vitamins at the top of the plant. This is an excellent remedy for beriberi after a long winter period.

in the leaves primroses there are large reserves of ascorbic acid and carotene, which can work real miracles with your hair and skin. Primula has the ability to strengthen the immune system.

In the roots of the plant there is a substance saponin, which is very favorable for the human body, which has a truly wide list of useful properties.

The plant is a powerful immune booster. which can have a stimulating and invigorating effect. Primrose has a beneficial effect on potency and libido, both in men and women. It can speed up the metabolism of cholesterol and glucose in the blood. Primrose is also a hepatoprotector.

Read also:

When cutting leaves primroses can be used as plasters, as they are able to reduce pain, and also contribute to the rapid healing of wounds.

It is popularly considered if the house has Primrose the family will be happy and rich. All disagreements and troubles in the house disappear with the advent of this amazing plant.

Caring for a flower bought in a store

As a rule, plants bought in a store often turn out to be sick. They always endure stress due to transportation. And their crowding in stores usually leads to the fact that plants are affected by fungal infections.

As soon as you bring home a new plant, no matter how healthy it looks, always separate it for at least a month from the rest of the plants in the house for quarantine.

You should carefully examine the flower, remove wilted leaves and flowers from it and pour it with Fitosporin. Ten days later, the plant should be re-treated with the same preparation. In order to enhance the effect of the treatment, you can add a Glyocladin tablet to the pot.

If you notice that the leaves of the plant began to dry and wither, then you should water the plant with Fundazol.

Pot selection

flower pot Primrose should be wide and not deep. Insofar as Primrose has a fibrous root system, which is quite voluminous, then, accordingly, it needs additional space.

Usually several types of different colors look very nice in one large flower pot.

The pot can be made from any material, usually clay, ceramic or plastic. But these should not be glass or metal materials, as they are cold textures that cool quickly and at the same time cool the roots.

It is good if your pot is with holes for draining excess water, and a layer of good drainage from foam or expanded clay is laid on its bottom.

Priming

Primula flower soil should not be heavily saturated with food. The soil should be slightly acidic with a neutral reaction. Ideal ready-made soil for Geraniums, which can be purchased at any flower shop. It is recommended to add some sand to it.

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The mixture can also be prepared independently. To do this, you need to mix sand, peat, turf and leaf soil in equal quantities.

Before planting a plant, it should be disinfected by spilling the plant with a solution of potassium permanganate.

Lighting and watering

This plant is very photophilous.. But, you should know that it simply does not tolerate the direct rays of the sun, heat, stuffiness and overheating in general. The flower will be very comfortable in partial shade and in a space fenced off from the light.

The most important component in the care of this plant is the watering regimen. When the flower is in the period of active flowering, it must be properly watered so that constant humidity is maintained around it.

If the soil is excessively flooded with water, then this will affect the root system of the flower in the most negative way. If the soil dries out from a lack of moisture, the plant stem will die.

Indoors, next to the flower, soil moisture should be maintained using a pallet, which should be filled with moss, expanded clay or sand. A pot with a flower is usually placed on it, into which water will always be added a little bit. When it evaporates, additional moisture will be created around the plant.

Optimal growth environment primroses considered drained as well as moist soil.

Humidity

Humidity is a very important and significant factor for this plant. It is enough to recall the natural cycle of vegetation of a plant. There is no rain yet in early spring, but from the fact that the snow is actively melting, the air around the plant is cool and humid. It is at this moment that the plant blooms.

From which it follows that we must recreate similar conditions for our plant. How can we achieve high humidity on our windowsill? It is not recommended to spray the plant itself. Drops will leave spots, fluffy leaves.

There are several options to choose from:

1. Place additional small containers of water near the pot. When moisture evaporates, you get exactly the effect that we need.

2. Too often, almost constantly, spray the plant with water at room temperature.

3. Arrange small pieces of moss, expanded clay and peat in the pan. Pour abundantly all this goodness and place next to Primula. When the water evaporates, the humidity in the room will increase. This is exactly what we need.

It is not necessary to save space by laying these materials directly on the surface of the soil. The plant is very sensitive to these materials and can immediately begin to wither, rot and hurt. Therefore, do not regret and select a small piece of the window sill for this.

Temperature

most optimal temperature, which is necessary for the plant for proper growth, is considered a temperature of 15 degrees.

If the temperature in your room is higher than it should be, this will not affect the plant in the best way. Primrose flowers may begin to fall off and, in general, the flowering period itself and the plant will be greatly reduced.

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There is one kind primroses, which, on the contrary, is very thermophilic. This Primrose reverse conical. For ideal development, she will need a temperature of about 20 degrees.

When Primrose fades, it is best to take it outside or to the balcony, the main thing is that it be fresh air. Do not forget to shade the place where your pet will stand. As soon as the cold comes, bring Primula to the house in its place.

Fertilizers and top dressing

As a rule, the plant is fertilized when its intensive growth occurs, as well as flowering and budding. The plant blooms for the first time usually from February to May, the second - at the end of August.

Plants need organic(manure, bird droppings). But mineral fertilizers are also welcome. It should be remembered that chicken manure can acidify the soil. Then, as a rule, a little, literally a pinch, of ash is added to the pot.

The addition of nitrogen usually promotes active leaf growth, and often even at the expense of flowering. Fertilizers with nitrogen need to be added only once a month. Potassium-phosphorus fertilizers are added more often - 1 time in 2 weeks.

In order to feed the plant, they usually take half the dose indicated in the instructions. Never fertilize a plant during dormancy and during its illness.

Plant transplant

It is very important to transplant perennials from time to time. Primula. It is best to do this once a year, preferably in autumn or spring.

In the spring, when any frosts are completely over, home flowers can be planted in the ground outside or transplanted into another pot.

May bloom a second time in autumn ear primroses. Starting in September, non-frost-resistant plant species can be transplanted into pots. Just in case, it is recommended to transplant even frost-resistant Primroses into flowerpots one flower at a time.

The plants remaining for wintering in the open field are carefully examined. A bush with several outlets is divided, and each plant is planted in a separate hole. If this is not done, due to the constant tightness, the flowers will be smaller in size.

In winter, the plants are covered with a layer of leaves or hay, about eight centimeters thick. Pine sawdust or needles are not suitable as mulch. They acidify the soil.

Diseases and pests

If caring for Primula not observed properly, the plant may be affected by fungal diseases, which often lead to rotting of the root system. They may also be susceptible viral diseases, which can cause plant stunting, leaf deformation and chlorosis.

In order to prevent the spread of these diseases, it is recommended to treat them with fungicides.

The main pests of the plant are aphids, thrips and spider mites.

Their destruction is carried out mechanically. To do this, they must be removed with a swab dipped in soapy water or alcohol.

If you notice on your plant a large number of pests, it is better to use any insecticides against them.

Problems in care

* If your plant is shedding buds, the most likely cause could be:

1. too dry air,

2. too high temperature,

3. insufficient watering.

* If the room temperature is above 16 degrees, primrose flowers will fade very quickly.

* Due to the low humidity of the air, the tips of the leaves will always dry on the plant.

* If the leaves of the plant turn yellow, then there are several reasons for this:

1. too high temperature,

2. very dry air,

3. over-fertilizing or watering the plant.

Primula - herbaceous plant Family Primulaceae (Primulaceae) which is native to China. The plant is widely cultivated outdoors and as a potted plant grown indoors.

The species combines low (25-30 cm) plants with a compact rosette of whole wrinkled leaves covered with small villi. In early spring, immediately after the snow melts, at the ends of the leafless shoots of the primrose, single buds or buds collected in racemose or umbrella-shaped inflorescences develop. Each is formed by 5 petals fused at the base, painted in shades of red, yellow or white.

Most representatives are perennials with medium growth intensity. Some are biennial or annual herbs.

	Average intensity of growth.
	Blooms from spring to December-January.
	The plant is easy to grow.
	Perennial.

Beneficial features

All parts of the flower are widely used in folk medicine:

• decoctions are prepared from the leaves for the treatment of respiratory diseases;
• infusions from the roots - expectorant, mild urine and diaphoretic, enhancing the secretion of the stomach and metabolism.
• tea brewed from inflorescences strengthens the nervous system.

Young primrose leaves are added to salads and soups, and crushed dry roots are used as a spice.

Features of care at home. Briefly

Primula at home is demanding temperature regime, illumination, air humidity and needs some care.

Features of growing primrose are few and determined by the nuances of its vegetation. In particular, the content during the entire period of growth in conditions close to natural.

After flowering, the primrose rests, slowing down the growing season. In order for the plant to grow stronger, it is better to transplant it into open ground. In autumn, the flower is returned to the room.

Caring for home primrose is simple and consists in carrying out traditional grower activities: watering, fertilizing, pruning and transplanting.

Planting primrose

Planting is the fundamental procedure for growing primrose. The further development of the plant depends on the correctness of its implementation.

Before transplanting, prepare everything you need:

• Primrose pot: medium size, wide and shallow. Choosing too large a capacity is undesirable: the plant will direct all its forces to the development of the root system to the detriment of flowering.
• Primrose soil: purchased, in the form of a ready-made soil mixture for flowering plants, or prepared independently from the same amounts of leaf and greenhouse soil and sand. The soil is disinfected by spilling a solution of pink potassium permanganate.

The landing technology is simple and consists in sequentially carrying out several simple actions:

1. Drainage is laid at the bottom of the pot with a layer of 1.5-2 cm.
2. Soil is poured over the drainage, not falling asleep to the edges of the container 1-1.5 cm.
3. In the center, a recess is made with a size commensurate with the root system of the seedling.
4. The roots are placed in the recess and covered with soil so that the root neck remains on the surface.
5. The soil around the shoot is slightly compacted.

Planted plants are watered abundantly and placed in a cool, bright place.

Bloom

Most species of primrose are characterized by early (from April or May) and long (2-3 months) flowering.

However, there are varieties that bloom only in early spring, for example, in April.

Heat-loving species bloom in June.

Temperature regime

In summer, primrose feels good at home at normal room temperatures, but in winter, during a period of relative rest, it needs coolness. Otherwise, the plant will refuse to bloom.

spraying

Home primrose easily adapt to the humidity in which it is forced to exist. However, with prolonged exposure to dry air conditions, the risk of spider mites is high, so it will be better if the air is humid.

For this while working heating appliances and in the summer heat, an open vessel with water is placed next to the flower or a tray is filled with wet expanded clay or moss.

Lighting

Primula is photophilous, but does not tolerate direct sunlight, so it needs to be darkened in summer. The winter sun cannot harm a flower; moreover, it needs it.

Given the high need for diffused light, it is placed on the windowsills of eastern or western windows.

Watering

The primrose flower at room conditions needs regular watering. The frequency of soil moisture is determined by the vegetation stage of the plant and the air temperature in the room:

• during flowering, the soil is often moistened as soon as its upper (1-1.5 cm) layer dries out slightly;
• after flowering - moderately;
• in winter, when the plant is resting - rarely, allowing the soil to dry completely to a depth of 3 cm;
• when kept in a warm (20 ° C) room, they are watered more often and more abundantly, but they do not allow stagnation of water not only in the pot, but also in the pan.

The soil is moistened with soft (well-settled or filtered) water, avoiding its contact with leaves and buds.

Top dressing and fertilizer

You can not feed during the period of active growth. Fertilizers begin to be applied at the end of flowering, once every 7-10 days, giving preference to solutions of complex preparations containing at least 0.1% ammonium nitrate.

With a negative reaction of the flower to top dressing, for example, withering, the concentration of the drug is reduced by 1/3.

Transfer

Primrose care involves a transplant. The regularity of this procedure depends on the age of the flower:

• young specimens are transplanted annually, in spring, completely changing the soil to fresh and choosing a larger pot;
• plants older than 3 years are transplanted 1 time in 2-3 years. The container must be replaced only if the primrose has grown significantly.

It happens that a flower needs an unscheduled transplant. Indications for its implementation are:

• root germination through drainage holes;
• stagnation or salinization of the soil;
• wilting of the plant due to rotting of the roots.

After the transplant, the flower is watered and darkened for 3-5 days. The resumption of leaf turgor and their green tint are evidence of successful rooting.

pruning

Primrose does not need pruning in the traditional sense of the term. However, withered leaves and buds must be removed in a timely manner, which will save the strength of the flower and is a good prevention of the development of diseases and pests.

reproduction

Easily propagated vegetatively by cuttings. This method is easy to carry out and has good performance.

Reproduction of primrose cuttings

Cuttings are carried out in May, after the end of flowering, separating an axillary leaflet with a part of the shoot and a bud at the base of the leaf rosette. This is the cutting. It is rooted in shallow containers filled with a two-layer substrate:

• below - 2-2.5 cm of peat or leafy soil;
• above - 2 cm of coarse-grained river sand.

The cuttings are planted obliquely, kidney up, to a depth of 1 cm. The container is placed in a bright, cool (16-18 ° C) place, keeping the sand in a moderately wet state.

After 3 months, shoots will develop from the buds. After the growth of 3-4 new leaves, young plants are transplanted into individual containers with a diameter of 7-9 m, filled with an earthen mixture of hardwood, humus and sand (4:2:1).

The first flowering of a primrose grown from a cutting will come in about half a year.

Growing primrose from seeds

Primrose can be grown from seeds that are collected on their own or purchased in a store.

Sowing is carried out in the spring, in April or May, using small bowls or boxes filled with a sand-leaf mixture.

Seeds (0.5 g per container) are evenly distributed on the surface of pre-moistened soil, covered with a transparent airtight material and placed in a bright place, for example, on a windowsill. After 10-12 days, the first shoots should appear.

Seedlings dive twice, and then planted in separate small (7-9 cm) pots filled with a nutrient mixture of hardwood, greenhouse sand (2:2:1). When the container becomes cramped, the plants are transferred to larger pots.

The first flowering of primroses grown from seeds will come in six months.

Diseases and pests

The primrose reacts to violations of the conditions of maintenance and care by changing its appearance and vegetation:

• leaves turn yellow primrose- very dry air, watering with hard water, moisture stagnation, top dressing using high concentration fertilizers;
• leaves rot- long-term maintenance in conditions of high humidity of air and soil, frequent wetting of leaves during watering;
• flowers fade quickly - when the air is too dry and warm (more than 20 °C).
• does not bloom if you spent the winter in a warm (above 20 ° C) room.

The rest of the primrose diseases are a consequence of the defeat of plants weakened by improper care by fungi.

1. Spotting: the development of the disease provokes excessive watering and poor ventilation of the leaf outlet when it is excessively thickened. The infection is manifested by the formation of gray spots on the peduncles and leaf blades, which subsequently become covered with bloom.
2. Ramulariasis develops when the plant is kept cool and over-watered. It is diagnosed by the appearance on the leaves of rounded spots of light yellow color, which subsequently darken and rot, which leads to the death of the entire leaf, and then the plant.

Fungal infections are fought by timely removal of damaged parts and subsequent repeated treatment of the entire plant with solutions of Fundozol or Topsin.

Primrose can be affected by insect pests: aphids, scale insects, thrips, weevil, spider mites. At the first sign of damage insect pests destroy folk methods, in advanced cases, insecticides are used.

Types of home primrose with photos and names

The genus includes about 500 plant species. Only a few of them are grown indoors.

Primula obconica or obconic (Primula obconica)

Tall (up to 60 cm) herbaceous perennial with a lush rosette of long-leaved large (length 10 cm) rough heart-shaped leaves with a wavy edge shape. It blooms, forming umbrella-shaped inflorescences from buds of various colors with a diameter of 3-4 cm, exuding a delicate pleasant aroma.

Primula Malacoides or Malvo-like (Primula malacoides)

An annual herbaceous plant up to 40-45 cm high with a dense elastic rosette of elongated-oval leaves with a serrated edge. It begins to bloom in late autumn, forming up to 8 tall peduncles on one plant, ending in whorls of longline inflorescences, consisting of several dozen (up to 45) small (up to 1.5 cm in diameter) buds of pink, red or white hues, often interspersed, strokes, yellow core.

Primula Common or stemless (Primula vulgaris)

It is represented by a large number of hybrids with a dense rosette of elongated oval wrinkled leaves, in the central part of which pinnate venation is clearly visible. It blooms in early spring, 3-4 weeks, forming low peduncles, ending in single large (2-4 cm) buds of snow-white, blue-lilac, red, yellow and burgundy shades. This species is most often offered for sale and is cultivated both in pot culture and in open ground.