All the heat will stay in the house! Wood-burning boiler with a water circuit: characteristics, manufacture. We heat less often, the heat is the same: long-burning solid fuel boilers with a water circuit Heating boilers with a water circuit
Heating of a private house » Boilers and boiler equipment » Solid fuel boilers
Solid fuel heating boiler
Blue fuel is not yet available to everyone. It often happens that there is no gas supply line outside the city, so the question arises of finding alternative sources of heating. Electricity is an expensive form of fuel. Ordinary wooden logs remain the most affordable and in demand, so heating equipment designed for this type of fuel is still relevant today. For heating country house the easiest way to use wood-burning boilers long burning having a water circuit.
When choosing one or another ready-made model, it is important to consider several serious points:
- First, you need to pay attention to the principle of operation of wood-burning stoves with a water circuit.
- Secondly, it is worth taking into account the availability of additional equipment that can be used to increase the productivity of the installation.
- Thirdly, it would be useful to take into account the positive and negative characteristics of long-burning boilers equipped with a water circuit.
By answering all three questions, you can decide whether to choose such an option, whether it will be reliable in harsh winter conditions, or still give preference to equipment that runs on electricity or coal.
Features of fireboxes
Long burning boilers according to design features divided into two large groups:
- Boilers with one firebox equipped with bottom blast.
- Pyrolysis boilers, in which the combustion chamber has two parts and works with two blast options - lower and upper.
How conventional single-fired boilers work
Conventional wood-fired boilers are quite simple. They have a combustion chamber, a heat exchanger and a water circuit. From brick oven the described device differs only in the presence of a coil, with which the liquid is heated.
The operation of the equipment is carried out as follows:
Model Isberg K
- As a rule, a long-burning wood-fired boiler is connected to an existing heating system.
- Firewood is laid in a special chamber, which, when burned, release heat.
- The heat exchanger accumulates it, and then heats the coolant passing through the coil.
- Physical processes force the hot liquid to circulate, so the hot coolant enters the batteries, and cold water returns to the boiler.
Note! Today, long-burning boilers that have a water circuit and work on wood can be equipped with a second circuit or an additional boiler can be connected to them. In this case, the efficiency of the system increases significantly, and it becomes possible to use hot water for technical needs.
What else can be added to the existing equipment?
The circulation of water in the system is provided by physical laws. When heated, any substance expands and moves up, and after it cools, the reverse process occurs. That is why natural circulation is possible. Ready-made models of wood-burning boilers are designed to heat a certain amount of water, and this criterion must be taken into account when choosing equipment.
Model Thermo Vesta
Sometimes experts advise installing circulation pumps to increase the efficiency of the installation. Practice has shown that their use increases the productivity of the boiler by about 2 times. But their installation makes long-burning wood-burning boilers volatile. In order for such equipment to work during a power outage, it is advisable to immediately install a bypass together with the circulation pump. This is a switch that will allow, in the absence of electricity, to transfer the forced circulation of the coolant to natural.
If it is necessary to provide both home heating and supply hot water in the kitchen and bathroom, experts recommend purchasing traditional long-burning wood-burning boilers, in the body of which the boiler of water heating equipment is already built. Such a model will cost much more than the usual configuration, but it will immediately solve all the problems associated with creating a comfortable microclimate.
Another important point! When choosing heating equipment, pay attention to one that will allow you to heat water for domestic needs without supplying coolant to the batteries. This feature will make it possible to use the unit in the summer. Typically, such options in their configuration have electric heating elements. hybrid models multifunctional. When the heating element is working, the long-burning installation is idle.
Pyrolysis boilers
Device diagram
If the heating of the house is carried out with the help of firewood, it is necessary to solve the acute problem of choice - to purchase a traditional or pyrolysis boiler with a water circuit. The second option differs from conventional installations in that it burns solid fuel and combustion products separately. Any pyrolysis boiler has a firebox consisting of two sections. Firewood is loaded into the first. In winter, they are usually damp, so when burning, water vapor is formed. So that it does not interfere with combustion, a second chamber is used. Hot gases move into it, and there they eliminate excess moisture under the action of a jet of secondary air. This is the so-called double blow method.
Two chambers are separated only by a grate on which firewood lies. Primary blowing passes through them from the bottom up. Therefore, the main difference that a pyrolysis boiler has from a traditional installation is the presence of two types of blast. The operation of this design is ensured by forced draft, formed by means of a smoke exhauster.
This setup works quite simply:
Type of pyrolysis boiler
- Firewood is laid out on the grate.
- After they are ignited, the door must be closed, after which the operation of the smoke exhauster starts.
- A high temperature is formed inside the furnace, leading to the formation of wood and carbon monoxide, as well as volatile elements such as hydrogen and nitrogen.
- All these substances enter the second furnace.
- There, secondary air is added to them, in which all gases burn. The heat generated in this process descends again into the first furnace.
Thus, a high temperature is constantly maintained, which ensures the pyrolysis process. It creates heat that can be used to heat any coolant.
Advantages and disadvantages of pyrolysis boilers
When deciding between the two options, it is important to consider the advantages and disadvantages of each type of boiler.
We list the main ones:
Model Geyser T-20
- The double air supply, which distinguishes the pyrolysis boiler, allows you to increase the burning time of one firewood bookmark up to 12 hours. The laying of firewood in traditional long-burning boilers burns out within 3-4 hours. Therefore, more firewood is spent, and the stove has to be loaded more often.
- The pyrolysis process ensures complete combustion of the fuel. As a result, less ash is produced. Therefore, it is easier to take care of the stove, since you have to rake out the ashes less often and clean the gas ducts.
- In pyrolysis boilers, two-stage combustion reduces excess air in the furnaces, which increases the efficiency of the furnace and its efficiency.
- The presence of two furnaces allows you to control and, if necessary, regulate the combustion process. Due to this circumstance, such installations can be automated, like the operation of gas heating equipment. It is impossible to do this using a traditional wood-fired boiler.
- Large logs can be placed in pyrolysis boilers. Hence, there is no need to spend a lot of time and effort on chopping firewood.
So we can safely say that long-burning pyrolysis boilers equipped with a water circuit and running on wood are more economical than similar traditional installations.
Existing deficiencies
In fairness, it is necessary to mention the shortcomings of the described equipment:
Principle of operation
- Pyrolysis boilers with a water circuit are 2 times more expensive than traditional counterparts.
- They cannot work without a smoke exhauster, so this option is volatile. During power outages, the heating equipment will not work. And this must be taken into account where such problems are very common.
- When buying pyrolysis boilers, carefully study the reviews about the manufacturer. It is noted that individual installations demonstrate a discrepancy between the declared capacity. During operation, when laying in 40% of cases, the pyrolysis process is ineffective.
- When using the described installations at half power, tar is formed, which clogs the gas ducts.
- For the full functioning of a wood-fired pyrolysis boiler with a water circuit, it is necessary to mix hot water with the one that goes back to the boiler. If the return temperature is less than 60 degrees, condensate will form in the gas path, which will cause the development of low-temperature corrosion.
Conclusion
Boiler room in the house
For the operation of traditional and pyrolysis boilers, firewood is used - the cheapest type of fuel today. Such equipment remains relevant where the supply of blue fuel is not established. Compared to other types of heating equipment, long-burning boilers can be equipped with a water circuit, which will ensure efficient heating of any room.
Heating of the coolant occurs very quickly, and servicing the boilers is not so difficult. To install them, you do not need to collect various permits and certificates. The only condition for installation is the presence of ventilation and a working chimney.
Pyrolysis boilers are more efficient than traditional installations, but their merits should not be exaggerated. They also have many disadvantages. Therefore, in the final choice, you need to weigh everything and decide what is fundamentally important for the operation of the heating system in a particular case.
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Solid fuel boilers for long burning with a water circuit for domestic use
With the rise in gas prices, a significant part of the owners of private houses are looking more closely at solid fuel boilers. And in some areas it simply does not exist, and then there are not many options left to heat the home.
For many, this type of heating is associated with old wood-burning stoves that require constant care and maintenance. At the same time, the Internet is bloated with offers to purchase modern long-burning solid fuel boilers, which, according to the assurances of their manufacturers, can work without intervention from a week to a month with one load of fuel. Is it so? Let's try to figure it out.
Long-burning boilers with a wood-fired water circuit
Before buying such a unit, consider your ability to provide it with the appropriate fuel. Different brands of solid fuel boilers work with its various types and are often very demanding on quality. Some models can work with several types of fuel, but this versatility will either greatly affect the duration of its burning from load to load, or complicate the maintenance process, or radically affect the efficiency of the boiler. But rather - on all the mentioned characteristics at once.
Hence the reviews of their owners: from moderately positive to extremely negative.
The largest demand in Russia exists for long-burning boilers with a water circuit loaded with ordinary firewood.
This is due to several factors:
- such boilers are often built into existing systems water heating circuits for houses instead of or simultaneously with gas ones;
- systems of convection water heating of houses are more familiar and familiar to the Russian consumer;
- the presence of large stocks of wood in the Russian Federation and, accordingly, the relatively low cost of firewood, or generally access to a free resource: woodworking waste, wooden packaging, etc.;
- more simple ways storage and maintenance of fuel reserves than the same coal or fuel briquettes.
Let us immediately state that best models of such units are able to work on one load of firewood in ideal conditions from 10 - 12 hours to a day, depending on the capacity of the firebox, and eat from 40 to 80 kg of firewood. It is this parameter that ensures the duration of their burning. But not only them. There are a number of technical solutions that make it possible to increase the operating time of such a solid fuel boiler up to 3 times in comparison with the traditional one. Namely:
1. The combustion of wood does not occur immediately over the entire height of the bookmark, but in a given area (only from above or below). This is ensured by sealing the boiler and metered supply of oxygen to the required area.
It is pumped with the help of a snail with a self-adjusting damper.
It is controlled by an automation unit.
Without such pressurization, the boiler operates in the fuel smoldering mode, which increases the time for its complete burnout. True, its long stay in this mode leads to accelerated soot formation, which necessitates more frequent cleaning of both the boiler itself and the chimney. When the temperature drops below the set value, the blower fan is switched on and combustion intensifies.
2. In the process of burning firewood, charcoal and flue gases are formed. On the principle of afterburning their mixture with oxygen, the so-called. pyrolysis boilers.
In them, the flue gas from the firewood burning zone is diverted to the furnace, mixing with injected oxygen along the way, where it is burned out, which:
- significantly increases the efficiency of the boiler (up to 90 - 95%);
- reduces soot formation;
- minimizes ash waste;
- saves cash owner.
The latter is especially important, taking into account the high cost of all pyrolysis solid fuel boilers.
Often, the fireboxes of pyrolysis boilers are lined with fireclay bricks due to the high afterburning temperature (about 1200 ° C).
3. The products of combustion discharged into the chimney pass through the boiler's smoke circulation system connected to the water heating circuit of the house, in which the coolant circulates (often it is water).
Sometimes a heat exchanger is a water tank with a large number of pipes welded into it, through which gases are removed, giving up their heat to the water.
When choosing a long-burning wood-burning boiler, it is important to consider two points:
Firstly, the approximate calculation of the power of a solid fuel boiler offered by manufacturers, in which for every 10 sq.m. 1 kW should be allocated to the area of \u200b\u200bthe house, it is advisable to double it, otherwise there can be no talk of any long burning - the boiler will work at the maximum of its capabilities, and devour fuel in constant boost mode.
Secondly, such boilers operate with a connection to the mains, which ensures the operation of the control unit, the snail-fan and the circulation pump in the heating system (at least). Therefore, for their correct operation, it is best to provide for the installation of a block uninterruptible power supply, with large capacity battery.
If you want to make such a boiler yourself, then it is better to choose a specific model as a sample and repeat its design solutions and features.
Boiler of long burning up to 7 days
They are also called "weeks". It should be said that such indicators, having impressive dimensions, they can really give out under ideal operating conditions, incl. small heated areas, and only with the use of high-quality coal, working mainly in the smoldering mode. Of the Russian ones, the Kemerovo long-burning boiler is close to such characteristics.
Also long-playing boilers are pellet boilers with large bunkers for pellets and their automatic feeding.
But the cost of a gigacalorie produced by the latter is much higher than that of other solid fuel boilers.
DIY solid fuel boiler
It has a funny name "bubafoniya", a simple design and a completely understandable principle of operation. The Baltic boilers of serial production STROPUVA, which have won well-deserved popularity among Russians, also work on the same.
Consider the scheme of its work.
In these boilers, air is supplied to the combustion zone through a pipe (7) and a piston (air distributor - 9). It is preheated by exhaust gases. Combustion occurs only in the upper part of the fuel tab, which can be played by:
- firewood;
- sawdust;
- various fuel briquettes;
- pellets (fuel pellets);
- coal.
It is on the latter type of fuel that the maximum operating time of the boiler is achieved under standard conditions at one load: 3 - 4 days.
As the fuel burns out, the piston lowers under its own weight, providing oxygen access to the combustion zone. To load the firebox, it rises with the help of a cable 12, fixed with a hook 13. Loading is carried out to the level of the door for laying (8). The water jacket is located around the boiler body.
The design of this boiler is practically repeated by some other manufacturers, you can do it too, and this video is to help:
But there are more simple designs working on the same principle.
In the process of lowering the piston, which serves as a device for supplying air to the combustion zone, as in the boiler described above, the flue gases burn out above it.
If the boiler is light and easily detachable from chimney, then the process of removing a tiny handful of ash from its bottom is carried out by turning it over.
And if it is made of thick-walled gas cylinders or installed permanently, then to remove it, it is worthwhile to provide a hermetically closing door at the bottom of the container.
The adjustment of the air supply, and hence the intensity of the combustion process, is carried out by a rotary damper at the top of the supply pipe connected to the piston. Its very design can be different, but always with a gap for the free passage of air between it and the upper fuel level (for this, radially arranged ribs are welded).
Almost anything can be burned in such a boiler, but sawdust, small firewood and coal are best suited - anything that fits compactly and without gaps. For those who do not want to experiment with dimensions, we offer a simple drawing of a long-burning solid fuel boiler.
If such a boiler heats a separate room and is located in it, an external circuit can be built around it. It will protect you from burns and will act as a convector.
If you want to complete the water heating system with bubafonei, then this casing should be made closed and sealed, and the upper supply and lower return fittings for supplying pipes of the heating system should be inserted into it.
At the same time, do not forget to embed into it expansion tank open type, so that trouble does not happen during intense combustion and boiling of water. Such a stove is able to heat a house with an area of 70 - 80 sq.m. with a one-time daily load of sawdust (coal - once every 2 - 3 days), if your house is well insulated.
For permanent use of sawdust as a fuel, the design of the boiler can be simplified, and for small houses, the heating system shown in the video, in our opinion, is more preferable than with a water circuit, and even cheaper - for sure.
There is an even simpler version of bubafoniya, and even an industrial one.
It makes no sense to describe the process of making such a boiler with your own hands, due to the primitive design.
And finally, a short video on a home-made pyrolysis boiler for home craftsmen with a high level of locksmith training and excellent welding skills:
Dear readers, if you still have questions, ask them using the form below. We will be glad to communicate with you;)
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Solid fuel boilers for long burning with a water circuit for the home
Long-burning solid fuel boilers with a water circuit for the home are heating units designed for use in non-gasified cottages, houses and summer cottages. The low price of fuel, their use as a backup source of heat and the ability to burn horticultural waste in boilers have made solid fuel boilers quite popular among the owners of suburban housing. Such equipment is especially relevant in the context of the continuing trend of increasing gas prices.
A solid fuel double-circuit boiler of long burning will provide not only home heating, but also hot water supply
According to their design, boilers with one combustion chamber using bottom blast and boilers with a two-piece furnace with bottom and top blast (pyrolysis boilers) are distinguished. Types of body of a solid fuel heating boiler with a water circuit: cast iron or steel.
The device of a single-circuit boiler, which provides for heating the coolant for the batteries of the heating system, has the following design:
- furnace - a combustion chamber for solid fuels;
- ash pan - a collection of waste generated during combustion;
- chimney - a channel for the removal of exhaust gaseous combustion products;
- shirt - a heat exchanger built into the firebox with water.
Types of fuel for solid fuel boilers
The principle of operation of the boiler is as follows: fuel is placed in the combustion chamber, which releases heat during combustion. The heat exchanger accumulates heat and gives it to the coolant, which circulates through the coil. Warm water enters the batteries, and the cooled water returns to the boiler.
The difference between a double-circuit solid fuel boiler for a house is that it has an additional heat exchanger (coil) used for hot water supply. This heat exchanger is connected to the water pipes, providing domestic hot water.
The modern boiler room is equipped with a double-circuit solid fuel boiler with a storage tank for hot water
There are two methods for connecting and locating the DHW circuit:
- Flow heating mode. With this method, the hot water circuit coil is integrated into the jacket. The hot water coil is heated by the energy of the heat carrier of the heating system. The water moving along the coil is heated up to 45 degrees. The efficiency of such a system is up to 8 liters per minute.
- Accumulative heating mode. Such a system provides for a boiler (water heating tank) built into the chimney channel or the main heat exchanger. Heating is carried out by hot air or heat carrier of the heating system. Depending on the consumption of hot water, cold water is supplied from the water supply to the boiler and heated up to 90 degrees there. With this scheme, the DHW circuit is able to provide a volume of water 2 times the volume of the boiler, which will contribute to excessive fuel consumption.
The principle of operation of a solid fuel pyrolysis boiler
When water is heated, due to expansion, its natural circulation occurs: when it heats up, it moves up, and when it cools, it goes down. Long-burning wood-burning boilers can only heat a certain amount of water. This parameter should be taken into account when choosing a boiler.
Related article:
To increase the efficiency of the equipment, it is proposed to equip the boiler with a circulation pump. With its installation, the efficiency will double, but then the functioning of the boilers becomes volatile. If the electricity is supplied intermittently, it is recommended to equip the boiler with a switch (bypass) capable of converting the forced movement of water into natural.
Heating and hot water supply based on solid fuel boiler and solar panels make your home energy independent
Useful advice! When purchasing a boiler, you should choose a model that will provide domestic hot water without supplying water to the heating system. This will allow you to use hot water during the summer season.
So that the boiler for long-term combustion of fuel does not work to heat radiators, but provides water heating for domestic use, it is equipped with an electric heating element. Such a boiler is called a hybrid and is a multifunctional equipment.
Scheme of connecting a boiler with a water circuit to a common heating system
Boiler equipment additional equipment(for example, a fan to provide draft in the chimney, a pump for pumping hot water in pipes) makes the equipment volatile, on the other hand, connecting to the network makes it possible automatic control process.
We offer to watch the video: "Do-it-yourself solid fuel boiler for long burning":
The device of a pyrolysis solid fuel boiler with a water circuit
A feature of the functioning of pyrolysis boilers is that in them the combustion chamber consists of two separate sections. Solid fuel burns in one section of the furnace, while combustion products burn in the other. When firewood (often raw) is laid in the first section during the cold season, steam is released when it is burned. To exclude its negative impact on the combustion process, use the second section of the furnace. It is into it that hot gas moves, which removes excess moisture using a secondary air stream. This method is called the double blow method. The two sections of the chamber are separated by a grate, where the firewood lies, through which the primary blowing passes. The operation of the pyrolysis boiler is facilitated by forced draft created by a smoke exhauster.
The design of the pyrolysis boiler with a water circuit
The order of operation of the pyrolysis unit:
- solid fuel (firewood) is placed on the grate;
- the boiler is ignited, the firebox door is closed and the smoke exhauster is turned on;
- during combustion, a high temperature is created inside the chamber, which contributes to the formation of charcoal, carbon monoxide and volatile formations of hydrogen and nitrogen;
- all these products enter the second section of the chamber, where a secondary air flow is mixed with them and these products are burned;
- the heat from the combustion of these products is re-supplied to the first section of the chamber.
As a result of this design of the boiler, a sufficiently high temperature is maintained in it, the waste from the combustion of firewood is thermally decomposed, forming pyrolysis gas. Thus, solid fuel is used rationally, and the heat from the combustion of waste is reused.
Pyrolysis solid fuel boiler with automatic fuel loading
For an unmistakable choice of a solid fuel boiler for heating a private house, it is necessary to analyze its characteristics:
- in pyrolysis units, re-supply of air is used, which ensures the duration of the burning of the fuel bookmark, extending it up to 10-12 hours, and the burning time of a similar bookmark in a conventional boiler is 4 hours. From the point of view of efficiency, pyrolysis boilers are loaded less often and less fuel is consumed;
- in pyrolysis boilers, firewood is burned with virtually no waste. Ash remains at a minimum. This, in turn, facilitates the maintenance of the equipment: it is not so often necessary to remove ash from the boiler and clean the flue;
Pyrolysis boilers use re-supply of air, prolonging the burn-out time of the fuel load up to 10-12 hours
- two-stage combustion, which reduces excess air in the chamber, increases the productivity of the pyrolysis boiler;
- in the presence of two combustion chambers, it becomes possible to control and regulate the combustion process. Pyrolysis boilers can be automated, which is completely impossible in conventional boilers;
- pyrolysis boilers can take rather large logs for ignition, which, in turn, saves time on chopping firewood;
- easy and affordable installation - does not require permits, do-it-yourself equipment installation is possible.
Simplified scheme for connecting automation to a heating system with a long-burning solid fuel boiler
The advantages of solid fuel pyrolysis boilers for heating a private house are many, but there are some disadvantages that should be mentioned:
- high price;
- dependence on electricity - due to the use of a smoke exhauster;
- in some cases, non-compliance with the declared power characteristics;
Useful advice! Before you buy a long-burning solid fuel boiler, read the reviews about its manufacturer. Very often there are models with an inefficient pyrolysis process.
- the use of boilers at partial capacity leads to the formation of tar that clogs the flue;
To extend the service life, it is necessary to periodically clean the solid fuel boiler
- for the correct operation of pyrolysis heating solid fuel boilers with a water circuit, it is required to mix hot water with the liquid that enters the boiler again;
- the return temperature must be at least 60ºС, otherwise condensate will appear in the gas path, which will lead to corrosion.
What you should pay attention to when choosing a suitable solid fuel boiler model:
- unit power. If you purchase a double-circuit boiler to provide hot water, you should choose a unit whose power is enough to heat domestic water;
- performance of the hot water circuit. It is necessary to calculate whether the volume of water heated by the boiler is enough for the household needs of the whole family;
Scheme of connecting the heat accumulator to the heating system
Useful advice! To provide hot water to a house where a large family lives, you should purchase a boiler model with a built-in boiler or provide for the installation of a heat accumulator.
- convenience and frequency of maintenance. Pay attention to how often you have to load firewood and clean the ash pan. Give preference to models with a volumetric hopper, where cleaning is done once every three months, and the burning time is up to five days;
- materials from which the boiler is made. The equipment made of cast iron is durable (service life is up to 30 years). The hot water coil must be made of steel or copper.
Modern models of solid fuel boilers of long burning can completely replace gas units in heating and hot water supply systems of a private house
Modern models of solid fuel boilers for long burning can completely replace gas. In addition, due to high performance, they are environmentally friendly and economical. The purchase of a solid fuel boiler with a water circuit will be beneficial if all the requirements and parameters of this equipment are taken into account.
REMOO IN YOUR MAIL
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Long-burning wood-fired boiler with a water circuit: application, features and principle of operation
Villagers living in remote areas where blue fuel is not available choose wood-fired boilers instead of electricity. The same is done by residents of summer cottages and country houses, guided by the principle of economy. For heating use the most available material- wooden logs, coals, coke. Taking into account all economic costs, it will be cheaper than using gas bottle. For heating purposes, most often birch and pine firewood is used.
There are 2 types of wood-fired boilers
Traditional
Boilers of a simple direct combustion design with one chamber - a container. The devices are easy to use and reliable, but not very convenient to use. It is necessary to use only dry firewood, which quickly burns out in 6-8 hours, therefore, too frequent filling of fuel for the boiler is required. In case of incomplete burning of firewood, the chimney is clogged.
gas generating
Boilers with a unique pyrolysis technology that allows solid fuel to turn into a gaseous state and increases the burning time of the fuel. Models may be equipped with an additional camera. The combustion process goes on non-stop, fuel is laid once a day. The cost of such boilers is somewhat higher than classic ones, but due to the economical use of firewood, high power, and increased efficiency of equipment, it quickly pays off.
The organization of the work of a long-burning wood-burning device occurs by the method of pyrolysis. During combustion, the fuel sags, the fire zone smoothly moves from top to bottom, leaving almost no ash. Firewood is burned in doses and ignites with renewed vigor thanks to an improved method of controlling fuel combustion.
The most common materials for the manufacture of equipment are steel and cast iron.
Cast iron is less susceptible to corrosion, resistant to high combustion temperatures, but more expensive than steel. Due to the design, consisting of different sections, in case of their breakdown, it is possible to disassemble the equipment and replace the part that needs repair. The downside is the high sensitivity to temperature extremes, but if you follow all the nuances, the boiler can work up to 35 years.
Steel is often deformed, subjected to corrosion changes. If a cast-iron boiler consists of sections, then a steel one is always an all-welded structure. The efficiency is much higher due to minimal technological limitations. The average life of the equipment is up to 25 years.
Consider the components of a wood-fired boiler:
Long-burning boilers are improved by equipping them with a water circuit (DHW), which allows the heat emanating from the stove to be distributed throughout the house, evenly heating several rooms at once. In addition, the house is provided with hot water, which is undoubtedly very convenient and economical.
The principle of operation of a heat exchanger with a water circuit.
After installation and connection of the equipment to the local heating system, the boiler is filled with water, the liquid moves along the heating system circuit by means of convection, without requiring the use of a water pump. When firewood is burned, water is heated, which circulates through pipes and enters the radiators of the house. The cooled liquid, after heat transfer, returns to the boiler through the return, being heated, and the process begins anew. Such boilers are also called double-circuit: the first is used for water heating, and the second for hot water supply.
Most modern heat exchangers have just this way of organizing heating. There are certain points that you should pay attention to: hot water is also needed in summer, and the stove is unlikely to be heated, so you should be puzzled by additional equipment for heating the liquid. At the moment, it is possible to equip long-burning boilers with an additional circuit or boiler, which implies the presence in the boiler of a container with water heated by convection, which will increase the efficiency of the system many times over.
When installing equipment with a water circuit, observe necessary requirements security:
- Ground the boiler body.
- Install the boiler on a fire-resistant material, preferably on a metal sheet. It is desirable for them to upholster the walls adjacent to the equipment and pre-finished with heat-resistant materials.
- The foundation must be concrete or asbestos.
- Wrap the part of the chimney facing the attic with foil to prevent fire.
- Equip the room with a good ventilation system.
- Provide free access to the firebox door.
- If you live in the house intermittently, use antifreeze to prevent pipes from freezing during the cold season.
What are the advantages of wood-fired heating boilers with a water circuit?
- For residents of private houses with no gas supply, such equipment is the only heating system option.
- noted high performance heat exchanger, quickly and efficiently heating a large area within an hour after the operation of the boiler.
- The affordability of the equipment in comparison with other heating devices.
- Ease of operation, which allows you to perform installation and adjustment work without obtaining a special permit.
- Availability wood fuel for boilers in any locality and its low cost, which makes the equipment economical.
- No connection to electricity due to the natural circulation of the device. The operation of the boiler on the water circuit is completely autonomous, which is extremely important in areas with interruptions and interference in the power grid.
There are few disadvantages, but they exist.
- Lack of automatic fuel supply.
- Low efficiency in comparison with powerful gas and diesel boilers.
Bimetal heating radiators dimensions technical specifications
Owners country houses where there is no gas main, most often a water heating boiler is installed. Its main advantage lies in the use of inexpensive raw materials. To properly install the system, you need to understand the principle of operation, design features, installation and operation. Even before the acquisition, it is desirable to find out what advantages and disadvantages the unit has.
- combustion chamber;
- grate;
- ash pan;
- water circuit.
- high level of reliability;
- long service life;
- devices do not require frequent maintenance.
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Design features
Boiler equipment with a water circuit is an improved model of a conventional standard boiler. The device consists of the following parts:
All single-circuit equipment is intended exclusively for home heating, but double-circuit water heating boilers are also used for heating, and to provide residents with hot water for household needs. But when purchasing such an installation, it is necessary to calculate in advance the required power, which will be required for both heating and water heating.
As for fuel loading, the process can be carried out both manually and automatically. In the second case, the device must be equipped with a special reservoir, which must be filled once a week. But such modern installations are much more expensive, so they are not so common.
Do-it-yourself water boiler pros, cons and good advice
It is also worth adding that such units need special fuel that has been processed.
There are devices equipped with electric heating elements that monitor the amount of raw materials in the furnace and, if necessary, add it. This function ensures continuous operation of the device.
Principle of operation
Heating of the house is carried out only after the water heating boiler starts to work, that is, during the period of fuel combustion. You can use wood or charcoal for kindling. One load provides about 3-4 hours of burning. For a longer period, it is better to purchase gas generating or solid fuel units.
The better the device, the more efficient the heat exchange processes and the more accurate temperature control, the lower the cost per kilowatt of heat produced. Water heating boilers are manufactured in such a way that the coolant is heated as efficiently and quickly as possible.
In addition, the wall in the water circuit has the ability to accumulate thermal energy, which is formed during combustion. Thereby heating equipment quickly heats up the liquid and maintains the required temperature for a long time. It should be noted that such installations provide the same efficiency in systems with both natural circulation and forced circulation.
Cooper Wood and coal boiler with heating circuit
Advantages and disadvantages
In addition to the affordable price of heating equipment and the low cost of fuel, there are a number of other advantages. The main advantages include the following factors:
The advantages also include the fact that the ash that remains after the combustion of fuel, can be used as a fertilizer. There are also disadvantages. The fact is that a water boiler for heating a house does not have a high efficiency, and even with high fuel consumption, the figure does not rise above 80%. In addition, standard appliances need frequent loading of firewood, this will have to be done every 3-5 hours.
TITAN - economical stove boiler with a long-burning water jacket (with your own hands)
Water circuit
All pipes and radiators in the house that are connected to the water circuit ensure even distribution of heat throughout all rooms in the house. The heat exchanger can be an ordinary metal tank where the liquid is located. And already under it is located directly the source of heat. But this design is not very effective: the fact is that the water will only heat up in the lower part of the tank.
It is best to use a water circuit system when the container has double walls, between which a coolant is placed, through which hot water circulates. Due to the constant movement, the liquid does not stagnate, and a small space between the layers ensures the fastest heating of the entire area.
There is one more effective method manufacturing, which helps to achieve maximum efficiency. But this will take a few steel pipes(diameter 5-6 cm), which must be welded together and give them a wave shape. Then place them along the walls and at the top of the firebox.
During operation, the coolant will slowly move through the pipes and thereby ensure high-quality heat transfer. In the event of a malfunction, this system is quite easy to fix.
Control block
All boiler plants are equipped with a special liquid temperature control system. The easiest option is to install a special thermostat on the structure. The principle of operation of such a device is that when the water is heated to the required temperature, the damper is lowered in the device, after which the air flow is noticeably reduced. And after the liquid begins to cool, the system works in the reverse order.
You can slightly modernize the control system and install the most accurate temperature sensors on the boiler, equip it with forced electrified air supply. As a result, ventilation will provide top feed, which will ensure complete combustion of the fuel. But it is worth noting that such a boiler installation will only function if there is an electrical network or battery.
If you plan to heat a small building, it is best to install the equipment directly in the house. But for the boiler room, choose some separate building or allocate a separate room. The heating pipe is always laid underground, moreover, in such a way that it is located below the freezing level of the ground. In addition, it is necessary to provide high-quality thermal insulation. In the room where the unit is installed, you need to create temperature regime within 10-15 degrees, and also equip a good ventilation system with natural traction.
Before installing, take care of flooring surface must be non-flammable, level and firm. It is best to make a thin concrete screed, in which case the heating boiler will stand firmly, steadily and reliably. In front of the device, it is necessary to lay a metal sheet with an area of \u200b\u200b1 sq. m. It is worth taking care of the location: the fact is that the unit should not be too close to the walls, you need to leave a distance of at least 50 centimeters.
Boubafonya with a water jacket - full test part 1
Fulfilling installation work, all requirements and recommendations must be followed. Especially when assembling and installing a chimney. All joints must be carefully treated with a hermetic compound or smeared with clay. Water units are not as popular as electric or gas. Although in country cottages, where there is no gasification or there are frequent power outages, this option is optimal. At the same time, you can connect the system with your own hands, but on condition that fire safety precautions are observed.
Unlike natural gas, diesel fuel or electricity – firewood is a common resource. In regions with significant forest resources, the cost at which you can buy firewood is sometimes determined only by the complexity of their delivery to the consumer, and the price of a kilowatt of thermal energy obtained in the process of burning firewood is much less than the cost of the same kilowatt obtained from burning gas, fuel oil, diesel fuel, or by electric heating. And this state of affairs is typical for almost the entire territory of our country.
Under these conditions, the use of wood-burning boilers for heating becomes not only possible, but also beneficial in terms of cost reduction. One of the types of wood-fired boilers are long-burning boilers with a water circuit. The use of such boilers allows the most efficient distribution of heat throughout the house using a water heating system.
Cast iron wood-burning stoves, fireplaces and wood-burning boilers for heating water have been used by man for several hundred years. But the features of cast iron, as a material, did not allow forming on the basis of such boilers efficient systems water heating. Cast iron products are quite difficult to give a complex shape, and the material itself is so sensitive to rapid temperature changes that it can suddenly crack, making the operation of cast iron heating boilers difficult and dangerous.
What other types of heating systems are used to heat a house?
you can learn about the advantages of the construction of a brick oven with a water circuit.
Here is a description of how heat pumps work.
And here is how to create the most efficient potbelly stove with your own hands:
Current state
With the development of steel welding technology, it became possible to manufacture wood-burning boilers and fireplaces from refractory steels with a complex internal structure. This opportunity allows us today to buy and install with our own hands at home boilers of complex shapes, with efficient internal water circuits, or a system of pipes - heat exchangers. The efficiency of such boiler systems has increased significantly, the service life has increased, and the unpretentiousness and reliability in operation have become an order of magnitude better.
At the same time, modern wood-burning heating fireplaces, boilers and steel stoves that can be bought on the market do not have complex electronic combustion control systems and ensure the operation of equipment. If, in some models, electronic control systems are present, then in the minimum necessary, to ensure safe operation, quantity. Of course, this moment has a positive effect on the price of such heating boilers.
On the basis of a wood-fired boiler equipped with a water circuit, you can make a very high-quality heating system for a country house with your own hands.
Boiler design
- So, any boiler that you can buy consists of:
- combustion chamber
- grate
- chambers for collecting combustion products (ash chambers)
- heat exchanger (water circuit)
combustion chamber- this is the heart of a wood-burning boiler, or fireplace. It burns wood and releases heat. Volatile combustion products enter the chimney from the combustion chamber, leading them outside. The intake of air necessary for combustion into the combustion chamber is carried out through the lower blower (ashpit), or through adjustable shutters in the combustion door. Also, the combustion chamber is equipped with a door for loading fuel. It can be made both from the materials of the boiler body and from glass, as, for example, by the fireplace.
In the lower part of the combustion chamber there is a grate. Through it, the coals and ash remaining from the combustion of wood enter the chamber for collecting solid combustion products.
In the ash chamber a door is provided, which is used to clean it from unburned residues and to adjust the intensity of combustion by increasing or decreasing the flow of fresh air into the lower part of the combustion chamber. You can do this with your own hands and with the help of a special mechanical thermostat that regulates the flow of fresh air into the combustion chamber, depending on the achievement of the specified temperature of the liquid in the water circuit.
heat exchanger can serve as a water circuit, which is, as it were, the second body of the combustion chamber. In this embodiment, the liquid heated by the boiler circulates around the firebox, isolating it from the outer casing of the wood-burning boiler. Such a heat exchanger is very effective from the point of view of the rapid heating of the liquid and the reduction of untargeted heat losses, but if it is damaged for any reason, the repair of this circuit can be very difficult.
Also, a system of pipes passing in the internal space of the boiler in the places of the most efficient heat transfer by the combustion chamber can be used as a heat exchanger. Such a system is more convenient to repair than a continuous water jacket system, because each pipe, or the entire pipe system, can be easily pulled out and replaced with a serviceable one.
Boiler interior
The combustion chamber, a system of heat exchangers, is isolated from the outer casing with non-combustible materials with a low thermal conductivity. It can be asbestos, mineral wool, chamotte clay, ceramic filler, etc. materials.
This insulation serves two purposes:
- firstly, by reducing the heat transfer of the boiler body to the surrounding space, the efficiency of the boiler itself increases significantly, in terms of the efficiency of heating the working fluid;
- secondly, the safety of operation of the boiler itself increases when it is installed in a room with fire-prone materials of the building structure of the house.
Heating a modern house with a boiler
Both with his own hands and with the help of a contractor, today every homeowner has the opportunity to buy and organize a heating system for a country house based on a wood-burning boiler. At the same time, a boiler, or a fireplace, with a water circuit, located in one of the premises of the house, or even in a separate building of the boiler room, will effectively heat the rooms of the house isolated from each other by walls and ceilings. A boiler designed specifically for heating water is able to reliably cope with heating tasks over many heating seasons.
In this case, the system can be organized both with forced pumping of the coolant, and with its natural circulation, which does not depend on an external power source.
Systems that do not depend on an external power supply, at first glance, seem more attractive, primarily due to the complete autonomy of use. But with this type of system layout, it is very difficult to achieve uniform heating of all rooms. Almost always, in such systems, in some rooms it will be excessively hot, while in others there will not be enough heat.
For a system with forced circulation of the coolant, of course, an external source of energy is needed to operate the pump that pumps the coolant, but the energy requirement of such a pump is very small, and, in the event of an external power failure, can be easily compensated by using backup power sources. In any case, emergency generators and backup power sources are necessary in every home in case it is disconnected from the mains and emergency power from them also circulation pump won't be a big deal. On the other hand, the uniform circulation of the coolant will allow maintaining a comfortable temperature in all areas of the house, which, of course, significantly affects the convenience and comfort of living in it.
One of the options for water boilers for heating a house is the so-called boilers. prolonged burning.
These can be pellet boilers that use not ordinary wood as fuel, but specially prepared wood pellets, which are products of sublimation of waste products from industries that use wood in their cycle.
In addition, long-burning boilers are also created for ordinary firewood. In this case, a complex system of internal chimneys makes it difficult and suppresses the rapid combustion process, increasing the intervals between loading the next batch of firewood into the furnace and allowing you to increase the efficiency of the boiler due to a more rational use of the energy released during the combustion of firewood.
Before you buy a boiler for your home, some preparation of the premises is required. The heavy weight of the boiler allows installation only on a specially prepared base. A special concrete platform can serve as such a base. Under the boiler itself and in front of it, it is advisable to lay a sheet of thick metal in order to exclude the possibility of spilling smoldering or burning fuel onto objects that can ignite, located below the boiler. The walls and ceiling of the boiler room located near the boiler must be reliably insulated from the thermal effects from the boiler. The room must be provided reliable system hoods and a fire alarm system, in case of smoke in the room.
The chimney system for your future boiler must be properly designed and executed. Proper insulation of chimney pipes is very important. wooden structures premises. The temperature of the combustion products that enter the chimney during intense combustion reaches many hundreds of degrees, and improper thermal insulation of the chimney pipes can lead to a fire.
A properly organized chimney is very important for the efficiency of the boiler itself. If the end of the chimney pipe is located too low, insufficient draft may form in the boiler furnace, and the combustion process will differ from that which was structurally laid down by the boiler manufacturer. The end of the chimney pipe must be located above 50 centimeters above the level of the roof ridge. In this case, under any weather conditions, the correct draft in the chimney will be ensured.
At the bottom of the chimney, it is imperative to provide and make a collector for condensate, which forms inside the chimney pipes when they cool. If this is not done, excess moisture will enter the boiler and cause corrosion, which, of course, will reduce its service life.In general, there is nothing complicated or special in the heating system of a house based on a water boiler. It can be easily designed and assembled by hand. In this case, it is possible, without significant costs (since the installation price is low), to embed the boiler into an existing heating system, using it as a spare, or even as main source getting heat in the house.
Control and security
Of course, each heating system needs controls and automation. This is especially important if you make this system with your own hands and it is located inside the house, where any malfunction can cause a fire that can lead to loss of property and even loss of life.
Complex multi-level combustion control systems that can ensure maximum safety of a boiler or fireplace exist, but the equipment on which they are used is usually expensive and not everyone can afford to buy it. But even simple and inexpensive wood-burning boilers have protection and control systems.
The simplest system, which has already been mentioned above, consists of a simple thermostat that measures the temperature of the coolant in the working circuit of the boiler and regulates, through a mechanical transmission, the damper responsible for the process of accessing fresh air to the furnace. When the temperature of the working fluid reaches the set parameter, the draft of fresh air is reduced, and the combustion process slows down. When the temperature drops below a predetermined limit, the damper opens slightly, and the burning of firewood in the furnace becomes more intense. Such a system makes the operation of the boiler not only safer, by adjusting the temperature of the coolant and eliminating the possibility of its boiling in the heating circuit, but also allows for more efficient use of fuel, reducing its unnecessary consumption for excessive heating of the working fluid.
In some boilers, with a more sophisticated control system, the combustion process is regulated by a supply fan that blows air into the furnace and smoothly regulates the combustion process in accordance with the specified parameters. Such an automation system not only makes the combustion process smoother and safer, and the heating of the house more uniform, but also makes it possible to load firewood into the boiler furnace less often.
Features of the operation of such boilers
- low price (every homeowner can afford)
- long service life
- reliability (with proper operation there is simply nothing to break)
- availability and low cost of fuel
- do-it-yourself setup and maintenance (does not require high qualifications)
- relatively low efficiency (compared to gas or diesel fuel boilers)
As you can see, such boilers have both their pluses and minuses. However, the fact that they are ubiquitous in our country suggests that the use of such equipment for heating a house in winter is very effective.
A heating gas boiler is a device that, by means of the combustion of fuel (natural or liquefied gas), heats the coolant.
The device (design) of a gas boiler: burner, heat exchanger, thermally insulated housing, hydraulic unit, as well as safety and control devices. Such gas-fired boilers require a chimney to be connected to remove combustion products. The chimney can be either a conventional vertical or coaxial (“pipe in pipe”) for boilers with a closed combustion chamber. Many modern boilers equipped with built-in pumps for forced circulation of water.
The principle of operation of a gas boiler- the heat carrier, passing through the heat exchanger, heats up and then circulates through the heating system, giving off the received thermal energy through radiators, underfloor heating, heated towel rails, and also providing water heating in an indirect heating boiler (if it is connected to a gas-fired boiler).
Heat exchanger - a metal container in which the coolant (water or antifreeze) is heated - can be made of steel, cast iron, copper, etc. The reliability and durability of a gas boiler depends on the quality of the heat exchanger in the first place. Cast iron heat exchangers are resistant to corrosion and have a long service life, but are sensitive to sudden temperature changes and are quite heavy. Steel containers can suffer from rust, so their internal surfaces are protected with various anti-corrosion coatings that prolong the “life” of the device. Steel heat exchangers are the most common in the manufacture of boilers. Corrosion is not terrible for copper heat exchangers, and due to the high heat transfer coefficient, low weight and dimensions, such heat exchangers are often used in wall boilers, but of the minuses, it should be noted that they are more expensive than steel ones.
In addition to the heat exchanger, an important part of gas boilers is a burner, which can be various kinds: atmospheric or fan, single-stage or two-stage, with smooth modulation, double.
To control the gas boiler, automation is used with various settings and functions (for example, a weather-compensated control system), as well as devices for programming operation and remote control of the boiler.
Main technical specifications gas heating boilers are: power, number of heating circuits, type of fuel, type of combustion chamber, type of burner, installation method, presence of a pump and expansion tank, automatic control of the boiler.
To determine required power gas heating boiler for a private country house or apartment, a simple formula is used - 1 kW of boiler power for heating 10 m 2 of a well-insulated room with a ceiling height of up to 3 m. If heating of a glazed basement is required winter garden, rooms with non-standard ceilings, etc. the gas boiler output must be increased. It is also necessary to increase the power (about 20-50%) when providing a gas boiler and hot water supply (especially if water heating in the pool is necessary).
The peculiarity of calculating the power of gas boilers: the nominal gas pressure at which the boiler operates at 100% of the power declared by the manufacturer, for most boilers is from 13 to 20 mbar, and the actual pressure in gas networks in Russia can be 10 mbar, and sometimes even lower . Accordingly, a gas boiler often works only at 2/3 of its capacity, and this must be taken into account when calculating. In more detail with a table for calculating the power of a heating boiler, you can
Most gas boilers can switch from natural gas operation to liquefied gas (ballooned propane). Many models switch to liquefied gas at the factory (check these characteristics of the model when purchasing), or nozzles (jets) are additionally supplied to the gas boiler to switch to bottled gas.
Pros and cons of gas boilers:
Boiler piping- These are devices for the full operation of the heating and water supply system. Includes: pumps expansion tanks, filters (if necessary), manifolds, non-return and safety valves, air valves, valves, etc. You will also need to purchase radiators, connecting pipes and valves, thermostats, a boiler, etc. The issue of choosing a boiler is quite serious, so it is better to entrust the selection of equipment and its complete set to professionals.
What is the best boiler? The Russian market of gas boiler equipment has its own leaders in quality and reliability. The best manufacturing companies and brands of gas boilers are presented in the range:
"Premium" or "Lux"- the most reliable and durable, easy to manage, the kit is assembled as a "constructor", more expensive than the others. These manufacturers include German companies
Gasification of private sectors is progressing by leaps and bounds. But until now, many settlements are heated by coal or firewood. And when the "blue fuel" will reach them is unknown. But the budget is not rubber. Looking at the rising prices for firewood, coal or pellets (pressed fuel), people clutch their heads. However, there is a way out of the situation - long-burning solid fuel boilers with a water circuit, saving both firewood and time. You need to heat once a day, and for some models even once a week is enough. Today we will figure out what kind of “miracle unit” this is, why it is so rarely necessary to heat it and how much such a boiler costs.
Read in the article
Solid fuel boilers for long burning with a water circuit: advantages and disadvantages
Long-burning solid fuel boilers for heating are an opportunity to provide a home with warmth and create comfortable living conditions, while consuming less wood or coal than when using a conventional stove. Such a unit has a lot of advantages, among which it is worth highlighting:
- economy achieved by high efficiency;
- the unit is easy to maintain;
- low cost;
- environmental friendliness and safety.
Depending on the model, these units may be equipped with additional options which will facilitate the heating process. However, it is not without drawbacks, among which it is worth noting the need for periodic cleaning and loading of fuel (in comparison with gas and electrical equipment). But these shortcomings disappear if you compare the device with a conventional one. furnace heating.
The principle of operation of a solid fuel boiler for long burning
The principle of operation of a solid fuel boiler for heating a house is based on the properties of wood, to emit a gas called pyrolysis during combustion. In a wood stove, this gas is not used in any way for a constructive reason. It is itself a fuel, which, when burned, produces a large amount of heat. Using pyrolysis gas, engineers managed to increase the efficiency of long-burning solid fuel heating boilers by minimizing open flames.
Classification of units: what to look for when choosing
The choice of a long burning boiler depends on several factors. The weight of the equipment is taken into account, but only if it is planned to place the device on the wall. The main attention is paid to the main parameters. To determine them, consider the classification of aggregates.
Fuel combustion method: which is better
There are two types of devices - volatile and non-volatile. Consider their differences, pros and cons.
A traditional volatile boiler is comparable in appearance to a conventional stove, which has a window in the upper part. Fuel is loaded into it. Firewood or coal smolders inside, there is no open flame, but the release of this heat is sufficient. At the same time, a special fan is periodically turned on, removing excess oxygen from the furnace. Due to the absence of an open flame, fuel is saved and the time interval between its bookmarks is increased.
Such a unit is equipped with an afterburner, providing an increase in efficiency up to 80 ÷ 85%. These devices are reliable and durable due to the simplicity of their design, but they have the disadvantage of being volatile. When the power is turned off, the fan stops turning on and smoldering does not occur. The solution would be to purchase a UPS (uninterruptible power supply).
What is a pyrolysis solid fuel boiler
Non-volatile devices are called pyrolysis devices. The difference from the previous version is that the fuel is first dried, after which degassing occurs. As a result, more than 80% of substances are converted into gas, the combustion temperature of which is 2 times higher than that of firewood. To understand how it works, we suggest watching a short video:
Advantages - efficiency (up to 95%), efficiency and autonomy (power outages are not terrible).
What type of fuel to choose
An important parameter for saving the family budget is the type of fuel that the unit will use. The choice here will depend on what is more profitable to purchase in a particular region. If a person lives where there is a lot of forest, naturally he will choose a wood-fired boiler. But it is worth noting that long-burning coal-fired boilers require bookmarks less often than wood-burning ones.
Number of contours: how important is this parameter
The choice for this parameter depends on the availability of hot water in the house. Double-circuit devices are more expensive, but they make it possible, in addition to heating, to organize hot water supply in a dwelling. If there is no hot water in the house, this factor is crucial, especially if small children live in the house.
Important! An additional circuit enables uninterrupted hot water supply only in the presence of cold water. If there is no running water in the house, there will be no point in overpaying.
Selecting a device for heating by power
The power of the unit determines the ability to heat a given area of \u200b\u200bthe room. Nothing complicated. We buy more expensive and there are no problems. But the question arises, why overpay for unnecessary power? Yes, and fuel for such equipment takes more. The reverse side of the coin is insufficient power. In this case, the equipment will not warm the room to a comfortable temperature - and again, money wasted.
In order not to be mistaken with the power of a solid fuel boiler, we suggest using an online calculator. It will eliminate the error in the calculations that a person can make. All that is required from the user is to enter data in the appropriate fields and click the "calculate" button. The program will display the required equipment parameter in kW.
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