Garden houses made of timber for seasonal living. Houses for seasonal and permanent residence - differences in design features and communications House for seasonal residence requirements

05 Feb 2013

"But isn't the question about the differences between houses for permanent and temporary residence far-fetched?" - you ask. A house is a house, and how to live in it is a purely personal matter. Old houses once built for themselves in the countryside by patriarchal peasant families are often bought for use as dachas, and dachas suddenly become permanent residences, for example, for retired older family members. Both have roofs, walls and foundations, windows and doors... And yet, despite the outward similarity, there is a difference and a significant difference. Let's try to figure it out.

To begin with, let's define what is meant by seasonal and what is meant by permanent residence. Let's consider the Moscow region, and we will consider the inhabitants of our houses people with children, whose source of income is work outside the walls of their homes. Thus, people of creative professions, domestic staff, etc. we leave out of brackets.

At first glance, seasonal living is a classic summer dacha pastime with a trip out of town, at least for a vacation, but better - as long as the weather allows. The rest of the time the house is closed. However, this is far from the only option for "seasonal residence", there are others:
- Regular outings, for example weekends in the warm season plus a few short outings in the cold season when temperatures are below 0 degrees Celsius.
- Accommodation in the warm season with frequent departures, for example, to work. Perhaps this is already a “lightened version” of permanent residence.

So, let's define seasonal living as staying in a house while a person is off from daily activities - vacations, vacations, unemployment, etc. Conversely, permanent residence is the use of a home during a primary income-generating activity. An employee - during regular trips to the territory of the employer; business person - in a period of need to often and quickly respond to external factors affecting the business. Based on the foregoing, let's now try to determine the set of requirements for a house for seasonal or permanent residence.

Preferred home location

Planning to build or buy country house, we first of all choose a place for it. However, making this choice, you should already consider the purpose of the house. For example, in the case of a house for seasonal residence, it is obvious that remoteness is not the main criterion for it and can be much greater than in the case of choosing a house for permanent residence.

Moreover, if a vacation home, where a person runs away from the hustle and bustle, is located near the city, he runs the risk of eventually being near the construction site of a new microdistrict, or, as often happens in old-fashioned places not far from Moscow, gradually get lost among the mansions of new neighbors. . In both cases, the market value of ownership will also change.

The location of the house relative to the main roads should also be taken into account, evaluating them not only as convenient means of communication, but also as a source of noise. On a quiet evening, especially when the air humidity is high, heavy traffic on the highway can create sound discomfort at a distance of 4-5 km (when you are away from home, of course). However, the presence of a road suitable for traffic at any time of the year is a prerequisite for both types of houses.

Choosing a place for permanent residence, on the contrary, first of all requires studying transport accessibility, which allows you to move from it to your place of work regularly and within a predictable time, and guests, delivery services, nannies and other housewives not to experience problems when visiting this house not only by car, but also by public transport.

So, when planning our construction, we decide that it is optimal to build houses for seasonal living at a distance of 40-80 km from the Moscow Ring Road. In this case, the direction can be chosen based on personal geographical preferences or prices.

Houses for permanent residence should be built taking into account the existing network of automobile and railways, at a distance of 10-30 km from the Moscow Ring Road (in the direction of high-speed roads - up to 40 km.) In this case, any available information about the plans for the development of this area should be taken into account. For example, when planning to build or purchase a house near the existing A-107 road, it is useful to study the plans for laying the Central Ring Road so as not to end up on the side of an 8-lane highway instead of a forest clearing.

Basic Infrastructure Requirements

Having decided on the location of the house, we will think about what we want to see in the neighborhood. Speaking of a house for seasonal living (by which we mean, first of all, rest), we imagine it in the bosom of nature in the broadest sense of this stereotyped concept ... A rather large forest, preferably mixed; at an easily overcome distance - places of recreation on the water, at a slightly greater distance - interesting sights to visit.

Exploration of the nearby town must be done in advance - in it we will buy food and other consumer goods at reasonable prices, without tedious long trips. One general store for three holiday villages or a mobile shop on Wednesdays and Saturdays will not suit us, as well as weekly trips to Auchan on the Moscow Ring Road. In the same town, we hope to see a bus station from where buses run regularly to Moscow, and an advertisement for a local taxi, with a phone number to call it. You never know what could happen!

Experience shows that anything can happen, especially when living temporarily with children. Therefore, in the nearest settlements, we must find a local hospital, a children's clinic, an ambulance substation and make sure that the services they provide are at an acceptable level. It also does not hurt to make sure that there is a fire station within a radius of 15-20 km. Let's not assume the worst, but even if someone sets fire to dry grass in the spring, the help of firefighters may well be required. Phone numbers of these services, addresses and directions should be in the house in a conspicuous place.

All of the above, with some changes, will be true when choosing a house for permanent residence. Of course, the forest and other joys of being in nature will give way to transport infrastructure facilities (including public transport, including the train, which was deliberately not mentioned above) and everything that we are used to using in the city - medical services should not be available by accident occasionally, but constantly, including the possibility of calling a doctor at home. Good shops, preferably within walking distance, become a very important factor. In addition to shops, sometimes you want to go to cafes, to the cinema, to gym, swimming pool…

In addition, only in the place of permanent residence we will need kindergartens and schools. The solution to this issue is always a compromise. It is necessary to take into account a huge number of initial factors in order to find the optimal combination of distance from home and the quality of services provided.

The main design differences of houses

Walls

Now that we have decided on the location of our house, it's time to think about what, in fact, we want to buy (or build) in the chosen place. It would seem that until recently, the overwhelming majority of individual houses in the Moscow region were either log, sheathed with "boards" or not; rare brick ones stood out among them, sometimes there were, as they said then, “backfilled” ones - the wall consisted of outer and inner shields made of thick boards, between which slag was poured as thermal insulation.

Most of these houses still stand in their original places - only now they are surrounded by a variety of modern buildings. What can you not see here! Stone houses - this is a brick of several varieties, and foam concrete, and aerated concrete, and just concrete in a fixed formwork ...

Wooden houses - ordinary log cabins made of chopped logs; log from rounded logs; timber from a simple sawn timber, from a profiled timber (sometimes the term "grooved timber" is found); from glued beams; from LVL-beam; glued from veneer; from insulated timber - in fact, from a narrow, strongly elongated sandwich panel ... A technology similar to the production of sandwich panels is also used in the construction of another type of wooden house - frame houses. Eyes open!

How to choose the best option here, especially if one friend praises his log house, lined with bricks, the other does not recognize anything but aerated concrete, and the brigade erecting a log house in a neighboring area spits at the mention of rounded logs?

And then they confuse them even more: “the ax, they say, presses and crushes the fibers of the tree on the surface of the log, and the milling cutters or cutters of the machine, which gives the log an ideal geometric shape, on the contrary, loosen them, besides, we supposedly put the log out on the other side, which "looked" to the north, and the annual rings here are denser than on the south ... ".

From the abundance of mutually exclusive reasoning becomes uncomfortable. However, you should not worry - in practice there is nothing terrible and incomprehensible. A house for permanent residence can be any of the above types, if built by qualified builders in compliance with the technology. It will protect its occupants from frost and rain, with proper care it will have sufficient durability, and will not ruin its owner with the cost of ownership.

True, many of our compatriots, brought up on the fairy tale "Three Little Pigs", frame house they don’t consider it a house, and instinctively gravitate towards a stone one. That's just a stone house, even if it's made of light, inexpensive foam blocks, it's not the best the best solution for seasonal living.

The construction of a stone house is much more expensive than a similar wooden one. In particular, it is required solid foundation, as a rule, tape, erected by specialists, taking into account the properties of local soils and the depth of freezing.

Wooden houses, especially frame houses, can be erected on columnar foundations, bored pile foundations, pile screw foundations, and, which is most preferable for heaving soils of the Moscow region, tape shallow foundations. In addition, coming to a stone house for a winter weekend, you will have to spend a significant part of them on warming up the building to an acceptable temperature.

This is not only uncomfortable, but can also lead to microcracks in the thickness of the walls due to their repeated freezing and thawing. The alternative is to constantly maintain a positive temperature due to electric heaters in the "standby" mode - the only, although not the best, way out.

Strictly speaking, there is technical possibility build a house that will keep warm in the winter from weekend to weekend; this is a building built according to the standards of a “passive house” or simply a well-insulated house, built, for example, from porous bricks, and bonded not with cement mortar, which is an excellent conductor of cold, but with special glue. The house should stand on a strip foundation, extending well below the freezing depth of the soil, and also have a basement. However, such a building is difficult to imagine as a house for seasonal living.

According to many experts - builders and realtors - it is best suited for seasonal living wooden house any type. It will differ from a house for permanent residence, mainly only in the thickness of the walls (thinner by 15-25%, depending on the type of house) and the thermal insulation device. In addition, the bathroom in it can be located in an unheated part of the building.

Roof

Let's move on. As the popular construction wisdom says, "not so much build as cut." The roof is one of the most important parts of the house, although they often strive to build it according to the residual principle - after all, it does not have the monumentality of the foundation and is not as conspicuous as the facade.

We will not try to reflect all the abundance in this short article. roofing materials and technology, let's try to formulate the principles for choosing the type of roof for our two categories of houses. Let's talk about the usual pitched roof. Let's leave flat, inverted and operated roofs aside for now - this is a topic worthy of a separate article.

We will proceed from the fact that the roof of a house for seasonal living will often be left unattended, especially in the most difficult time for it - in winter. Snow will not be regularly removed from it, there will be no one to notice leaks and, for example, damage in time drainage system ice growths. Therefore, when buying a house, we will try to avoid options for houses with complex-shaped roofs and not to lay such a roof in the project during the construction of the house.

Valleys and other elements of a complex roof contribute to the formation of "snow bags", accumulations of debris in hard-to-reach places etc. You should also not abuse areas with a small angle of inclination of the slope, where snow can accumulate in large quantities without coming off under its own weight.

The material for the roof of such a house can be a metal tile in sheets or a profiled metal sheet, preferably made to order during construction and laid without horizontal seams from the ridge to the eaves. In addition, the laying of these materials does not require high qualifications. So, in relation to a house for seasonal living, our main goal is to minimize the number of joints between the elements that form the roof, and to ensure that it quality installation by the least labor-intensive technology, avoiding complex configurations and small angles of inclination.

A permanent home can have any type of roofing that fits into the construction or acquisition budget. Nevertheless, in this case, reliability and durability should be put in the first place. The roof must be equipped in such a way that its maintenance can be carried out from fixed ladders and bridges, to potentially problem areas access from the inside of the house should be provided; in the presence of heated under-roofing premises, a competent device for heat and vapor barrier is necessary to prevent the occurrence of condensate inside the roofing pie.

Of course, everything can be foreseen when building a house. When buying an existing cottage, the roof is usually looked at last. And in vain, because in the process of operation it is the roof, made improperly, that can cause the future owner the most problems. Therefore, when buying, pay attention to the compliance of the finished roof with everything that was discussed above.

Heating, plumbing, sewerage

So, we decided on the walls and roof. How to heat the space limited by them? There are many technically feasible possibilities. We will choose taking into account the main tasks solved by heating devices in our house. We proceed from the fact that the power supply of the house allows you to connect high power, and the wiring is done by a competent specialist.

During the heating season, you want to heat up a house for seasonal living as soon as possible after your arrival, and for this it is optimal to provide for radiant heating in it. A good solution would be electric ceiling infrared radiators, which, unlike electric convectors, do not heat the air, but the floor and objects standing on it.

Of course, this does not exclude traditional heating appliances suitable for both types of houses - a variety of stoves, fireplaces, boilers that heat the coolant in batteries ... When dealing with an electric boiler, it is cost-effective to install a three-tariff electric meter and a heat accumulator in the heating system. The boiler will consume energy at night rates, and the battery will give off heat during the day.

Consider some of the issues that arise in the construction of water supply and sewerage. A house for permanent residence, as a rule, has a centralized water supply, while in a house for seasonal residence, in most cases, you will need a well or well. In both cases, the main danger for the water supply in winter is the “defrosting” of pipes in extreme cold, especially a small area between the exit from the ground and the entrance to the heated room. Sometimes it is even supplied with cable heating. In a seasonal home, the plumbing is usually drained for the winter.

If the pipes of the "summer" water supply are supposed to be buried in the ground to a shallow depth (mainly in order not to trip over them), installation should be carried out with particular care - when draining the water, it should go away completely, not accumulating in the pipe bends.

A popular material for plumbing in both cases are polypropylene pipes. It is believed that they have greater elasticity than metal and metal-plastic, and due to this, they are less susceptible to destruction when water freezes in them.

However, for the "summer" water supply, it makes sense to use polypropylene pipes connected compression fittings, which makes it easy to replace a failed fragment of the system, or change its configuration; pipes for year-round water supply, located deep in the ground, are connected by welding.

Sewerage for individual houses is a relatively new concept. Once upon a time in the countryside, houses intended for very permanent residence were equipped with yard-type amenities. Devices for processing waste through the vital activity of special bacteria (at that time they were not yet called septic tanks) and preparations for their use became available to the mass buyer in the mid-90s.

Currently, septic tanks of soil filtration and deep biological filtration can be distinguished. The latter works much more efficiently if the flow of effluents occurs evenly, that is, it is less suitable for seasonal use. There are also septic tanks, which are " cesspool of the 21st century" - a hermetic container, where wastewater from home.

When planning the placement of a septic tank on the site, it is necessary to provide access to it by special equipment for pumping out the contents. By the way, the treatment facilities of many cottage settlements are a "battery" of septic tanks.

***
So, our two almost identical, at first glance, houses turned out to be completely different, both from a technical and consumer point of view. The differences are in the little things, but there are a lot of these little things, and the search for an answer to our main question gives rise to a lot of other, new interesting topics, the conversation about which is yet to come.

Much more useful information from the real estate world on our

In which you can not live all year round.

The layout of the house 8x7 with a terrace for seasonal living

Usually in such a house is stored:

Garden tools;
Old clothes;
Various accessories.

To obtain good layout seasonal residence, it is necessary to develop its plan in all details. According to the plan, it is determined:

Number of rooms in the house;
Room dimensions;
Necessary furniture;
Basic equipment.

When planning a house for seasonal living, first of all, the maximum allowable dimensions of the house are calculated, taking into account all family members.

Project and layout country house 6x6 with attic

The main aspects of the layout of the house

Since they are mainly in the summer in the seasonal house, the application of the principles that are followed when is not always appropriate. In the city house, according to the plan, they try to branch out the communication rooms as much as possible. When performed, they strive to reduce them as much as possible. To do this, drawings are developed where different functional areas are combined, they become a single room for a seasonal building.

For example, the veranda and the entrance hall are combined, the living room is connected to the common room.

From practice, it became known that most of all people visit open spaces in summer houses.

The layout of the attic house for seasonal living

Most often, the owners of comfortable cottages in such rooms receive guests or relax in rocking chairs.

open areas

The original project of a house with an attic for seasonal living

This will allow you to equip several more rooms directly under the roof. Based on, make open. Its lower step is mounted directly on the veranda. The remaining free area under the stairs is suitable for a variety of purposes:

Storage of household tools;
Utility cabinet installations.

In the attic, many owners equip the bedroom. Beds are installed along the walls, since the height from floor to ceiling in such places exceeds 1.7 meters.

There is free space between the vertical of the wall and the roof. It can be occupied by a small pantry by installing light partitions. Sometimes cabinets are built in here, in which they store:

clothes;
Bedding sets;
Household accessories.

bathrooms

If on suburban area the most important communications have been carried out: water supply, sewerage, drains, then when developing the layout of the summer house, the drawings provide for. Since living in the house will be seasonal, that is, non-permanent, the area of \u200b\u200bsanitary facilities should not be very large. It is completely impractical to mount in a house. It will require a lot of free space, so it will be much better to install an ordinary shower.

A similar approach requires the arrangement of the toilet. For him, an autonomous sewage system is specially made.

For the construction of a house that is intended for temporary residence, for example, a country house, the best material is considered a rounded log. However, it is necessary not to forget about the installation of heating.

An example of the location of a bathroom on the plan of a house with a large terrace

by the most the best option such heating planning is considered to be the supply natural gas. Unfortunately, this is not possible everywhere. Therefore, you can use alternative options. A Russian stove will warm the house well, it will be warm in the room from a simple potbelly stove.

The family of our reader Vladimir Moiseev lives in St. Petersburg and is not going to move out of town. But sometimes they want to go out into the countryside, and in this regard, it was decided to build a house. A capital cottage is not needed - you need a house for temporary residence, only to take your family out for the summer and relax comfortably on weekends in the winter. What expenses that are inevitable during capital construction can be avoided, and what should not be saved on? Architect Igor Demenov will tell about it.

Private house : for starters - than a seasonal home Vacation home different from a permanent home?

: First of all, it does not require such powerful enclosing structures that are needed in winter. If seasonal use begins in May and ends in September, the owners do not care about sub-zero temperatures. The best option for thrifty owners is a simple house based on wooden frame with effective modern heaters. Cellular concrete and polyurethane foam sandwich panels are also suitable. In my opinion, it makes no sense to make houses with thick brick walls for seasonal operation.

Seasonal housing is cheaper in many ways. It is not necessary to install expensive heat-saving double-glazed windows, single glazing is enough. You can save on materials for roof insulation, besides, it will weigh less. The foundation for such a building will also be lighter and cheaper. To quickly heat a house of a small cubic capacity on wet autumn days, a cassette fireplace is enough, that is, you can also refuse the radiator system.

Project B-0705-0. The highlight of this holiday home is the large covered terrace around which the ground floor rooms are grouped. On warm summer evenings, it can serve as a dining room or living room. If desired, it can be glazed and insulated, turning it into a veranda.

Private house: And if it is planned to come to the house in winter?

Igor Demenov: Then you need to do normal warm house. Here it is hardly possible to save on wall material. So that nothing happens to communications in your absence, there are two options: either constantly maintain a positive temperature in the house, or carry out conservation before leaving, that is, drain all the water so that pipes do not burst in frost. You can use non-freezing coolants in the heating system - antifreeze or antifreeze.
Pargolovsky factory of reinforced concrete products will produce reinforced concrete products of varying degrees of complexity according to your drawings and sketches.
If in the autumn-spring period you do not live in the house permanently, the electric heating system will work with minimal energy consumption, raising the temperature to a certain level (about 5C above zero) and immediately turning off. After all, no one will open the doors and let cold air into the house. In the absence of the owners, it is enough that the house does not freeze through. With good thermal insulation, a “thermos” is obtained: heat will not go anywhere from this sealed space. This means that a very small source of heat is enough to maintain positive temperatures, and the cost of electricity will not be as huge as it seems to many. But if necessary, the house will quickly warm up.

Private house: What are the features of the layout of the premises in the holiday home?

Igor Demenov: The layout depends on the number of people who will operate the house, and on their vision of the interior space. Someone likes a single space, divided into zones. If one family arrives in which there are no children, then even a bedroom can be placed in this single volume. A fireplace can be located in the center of the house, which divides the space into kitchen, guest and sleeping areas. Such a single space, not delimited by walls, is easier to heat in cold weather.

A single space, not delimited by walls, is easier to heat in cold weather. Architect V. Feofanov, designer M. Zolotova, photo P. Lebedev.

There is another option for saving heat: do not heat all the rooms. If guests arrive in the summer, more beds are required. In winter, respectively, less. You can, for example, heat the living room and one bedroom well, and leave the second cold. In this situation, you can save on roof insulation by making only a warm ceiling between the first and second floors. In a word, the architectural and planning solution depends on the mode of operation of the house.

Private house: What outbuildings are needed to live in such a house?

Igor Demenov A: First, the woodshed. Of course, there is no reason to make it warm, no matter what time of the year it will be used.

With the workshop - the second type of buildings - the situation is different. You need to decide whether you will do something there in the winter and, accordingly, whether it is worth warming it. However, if you come out of town solely to relax, then you are unlikely to need such a structure at all.

The third element of the complex of additional buildings is the garage. Here it is better to maintain a temperature of +3 - 5C, so that the car starts easily even in severe frosts and so that the owners, leaving the dacha, do not get into a cold car. This means that even in a house for occasional use, the garage must be insulated, unless, of course, the owners will come there not only in the summer.

What to build a house from?

or the choice of technology for building a house

Everyone who thinks about building his own house, first of all, approaches the question - what technology is used to actually build a house?

In this article we will try to analyze the main construction technologies low-rise buildings to help you choose. So, first you need to decide on the main thing - a house of permanent or seasonal residence? If the house is permanent residence, then you are not limited in the choice of construction technology, you can build according to any. But if the house is seasonal residence (for example country house, where they live in the summer, and in the winter they visit on weekends, holidays and holidays), then the brick, monolithic houses and the house made of foam and aerated concrete disappear. Why?

There is only one main reason - limited frost resistance, all these materials have a limited number of freezing cycles. Plus (more precisely, a very big minus) to be added with constant freezing-defrosting at home - problem with dampness and fungus that will damage interior decoration Houses.

It is also important to take into account the heat capacity of the house. For example, at brick houses, cellular concrete, timber and logs, the heat capacity is very high. At the same time, houses built according to frame technology or SIP, the heat capacity is very low. What does this mean in practice? For example, you arrive on Friday for the weekend at your magnificent country house, outside the window -20. The heating is turned on and ... And two options:

1) At best, houses with high heat capacity will reach a comfortable mode in a day or two, until that time they will warm up, and not warm their inhabitants. When all the tenants left on Sunday, turning off the heating, the house will remain warm for several more days. But there is no one in it anymore, the heating costs are spent in vain.

2) Houses with low heat capacity will be habitable in a couple of hours, and comfortable living is guaranteed in 5-6 hours. Of course, all this will be with a well-designed heating system.

All of the above is not an axiom, any situation can be solved. Another question is, what will be the price of this solution? To avoid problems with defrosting a house or warming up a seasonal residence, for example, you can install a "smart" home heating control system. She herself will not allow the temperature of the interior to drop below a certain level, she will be able to heat up the boiler via SMS and raise the temperature to a comfortable one. But you will become a hostage of your home, any power outage or interruptions in the fuel for the boiler will require you to immediately deal with this situation. Do not forget to also pay the bill for the consumed electricity / gas / diesel fuel at the end heating season. And the amount will be very big.

Therefore, the choice for seasonal residences narrows. Materials are required that are not afraid of freezing in the cold season. This wooden houses from a log frame houses, houses from a bar and houses from SIP panels. We will talk about them in more detail in the second part of our article.