Windows in the roof of the attic. Skylights. How much to put, additional options than to protect from the sun. Location of opening elements

It is believed that the arrangement of a residential attic is more complicated and more expensive than the construction of a conventional non-insulated roof with a cold attic. There are reasons for this:

• It is necessary to qualitatively insulate the attic.
• It is necessary to correctly mount the vapor barrier and the superdiffusion moisture and windproof membrane.
• It is required to install skylights, as required by the manufacturer.

The last point is often problematic. Errors in the installation of windows on the attic floor negate all the advantages of this room. As a result of jambs of illiterate builders, skylights leak in the rain, and condensate drips from the ceiling, damaging the finish. It is not surprising that many developers are distrustful of attics, believing that it is better to build a cottage in the old fashioned way. To avoid the most common mistakes when inserting a roof window into a roofing pie with flexible tiles, our video and photo instructions will help you, which tells you:

• How to calculate the size of a roof window depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.
• How to choose a place in the attic roof for window installation.
• How to prepare a window opening for installing a skylight.
• How to install a roof window box and salary.
• How to install a condensate drain.
• How to make waterproofing at the junction.
• How to install the salary of a roof window and make heat and vapor barrier.

Roof window installation: planning

You can mount a roof window both at the construction stage of the attic, and on a finished insulated roof with an already laid finish coating and layers of vapor barrier and hydro and wind protection. In the first variant, work is carried out sequentially, step by step, and usually does not cause difficulties. In the second case, you need to rack your brains on how to cut a window in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, going through the entire attic roof pie with flexible tiles.

The main difficulties of installing a roof window left “for later” will have to be carefully dismantled or cut through, moving from inside to outside:

• inner crate for finishing the attic;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation;
• superdiffusion membrane (moisture and wind protection);
• crate and counter-crate;
• sawing OSB boards under the opening;
• partially remove flexible tiles around the opening under the window.

The width of the roof window is set by the pitch of the rafters. If the builder does not want to install a narrow window, fitting it under rafters mounted at a distance of, for example, 60 cm from each other, then one rafter leg will have to be cut, strengthen the structure, etc. This increases the likelihood of errors by installers, the timing and cost estimates for the work. From here:

The installation of skylights should be planned at the stage of designing a house and calculating truss system.

For reference, we are guided by the following figures:

• Skylights it is recommended to cut into roofs with a slope angle of 15 degrees.
• The window area is selected according to the formula: per 10 sq. m of the attic floor should account for 1 sq. m glazing.
• The upper part of the roof window (from the floor) is located at a height of about 2 m, and the lower part is about 1.2 m.
• The opening under the roof window should be at least 4 cm wider than it, optimally 6 cm.
• The length of the opening is approximately 4.5-5 cm longer than the length of the roof window.

Stages of installation of a roof window

alexnrg FORUMHOUSE Member

I decided to install a roof window in the house myself. Roof pie: rafters - a board with a section of 15x5 cm, a vapor-permeable moisture-windproof membrane, horizontal and vertical lathing, OSB, lining carpet, flexible tiles. Questions arose:

• How to properly install a skylight?
• How to prepare an opening?
• How to fix a window in the attic?
• How to remove condensate?
• What is a salary and how to set it?

Salary (metal frame) is a system of gutters for hermetic connection of a roof window with a roof covering. The flashing removes rainwater and moisture from the roof window when snow melts.

All work on installing windows in the attic is divided into a number of successive steps:

1. Opening preparation.
2. Assembly and installation of a heat-insulating contour.
3. Installation of a roof window frame in a thermal frame.
4. Installation of a shutter (double-glazed window).
5. Adjustment of the side clearance and window rebate.
6. Installing a condensate drain.
7. Installation of a waterproofing apron.
8. Salary setting.
9. Insulation of slopes around the window and restoration of the vapor barrier circuit from the inside of the room.

Let's talk about the key stages of installing a roof window and how to avoid mistakes.

Preparing a window opening for installing a roof window

In the video instruction, the specialist tells how to prepare a window opening for installing a roof window if a roof has been built and roofing has been laid.

When driving steam and waterproofing, the films are cut in an envelope (crosswise) and wrapped inside the room (vapor barrier) and out (wind protection).

The upper and lower parts of the opening are reinforced with lintels (between the rafters).

And batten bars, so that the edge of the OSB sheet does not hang in the air.

The lower support bar of the crate must be leveled in order to accurately set the box of the roof window and avoid, noticeable by eye, a height difference on the side slope.

Important! If OSB has not yet been laid on the roof- base for flexible tiles, then from above the opening is framed, made from striped OSB or plywood.

Assembly of thermal insulation and installation of a roof window box

The heat-insulating contour is mounted on a steel frame, which is easily assembled with latches.

The thermal insulation circuit is installed in the prepared opening.

Then disconnect the turnable part of the sash with double-glazed windows from the frame of the roof window.

Mount the mounting plates and install the box in the opening.

Important! Mounting plates(4 things.) are installed at the corners of the roof window, in the places prepared at the factory in the frame, into holes pre-drilled by the manufacturer for self-tapping screws.

With a large length of the roof window (more than 1.4 m), additional intermediate mounting plates (corners) are placed in the place of the pivot mechanism (hinges).

The roof window frame is installed in the finished opening. How to do it correctly, as well as adjust the side gaps and the rebate, is shown in the video.

Secrets of installing a condensate drain

The most important element of the roof window waterproofing system is a metal trough for condensate drainage.

The gutter is installed at a distance of up to 50 cm (optimally 20-30 cm) above the window in the same plane with a hydro- and windproof membrane.

In order for the condensate to flow down the chute, it is installed at an angle ( slope at least 3 degrees). Then the moisture will be removed to one of the sides ( ventilation duct, formed by the crate).

Difficulties with installing the gutter arise if it needs to be mounted on a finished roof. In this case, you will have to manually cut the openings in the crate, and do it carefully so as not to damage the wind protection film.

The easiest way to install a gutter is if the crate has not yet been installed on the roof, there is no base for flexible tiles and a soft roof has not been laid.

Preparing the site for the installation of the gutter consists of the following steps:

• In the middle of the rafter leg (on both sides of the prepared opening), a vertical cut is made on the film of the superdiffusion membrane.

• A chute is laid on the seat.

I will lower the gutters, using it as a ruler, a horizontal cut of the film is made, so as to combine the vertical cuts.

The result is a windshield valve that slides into the gutter and catches all the condensate.

Steam and waterproofing at the junction of the roof window

At the end of the work, a waterproofing apron is installed, which protects the junction from moisture.

The waterproofing apron is glued to the frame going from bottom to top. Installation is simple - the protective film is removed from the adhesive layer (strip) and the apron material is gently smoothed over the top of the frame. Then the waterproofing apron is fixed around the window with staples.

Important! The upper part of the apron is wound under a gutter that drains condensate, and a valve cut from the windshield is wound onto a waterproofing apron. To prevent moisture from getting into places where they are made vertical cuts in rafters, their waterproofed with butyl sealant.

Windows in the attic will help turn this room into a living room, which will be very bright and cozy. You can't get by with artificial lighting alone. In this case, the attic will still be dark, it will be unpleasant to be in such a room.

Taking into account the fact that most often this room has a bedroom, windows must be mandatory, because without natural daylight it will be very difficult to get up in the morning. The attic can be turned, if desired, into your office for doing what you love, for example, into an art workshop or a room for sewing and needlework. In any case, good natural lighting is needed here.

What should be the illumination of the attic

Skylights, like any other, should provide good illumination in the room so that there are no dark corners anywhere. You can calculate the required number of windows, thanks to existing standards. On average, 1 m 2 of glazed windows provides natural light for about 10 m 2 of the room. Make a calculation based on an average of 1:10, there will be plenty of such daylight for the attic. Much more light will enter this room than the rest of the rooms, thanks to the slope of the windows. On average, the illumination of the attic is 40% more than that of an ordinary room. This is because the windows are part of the roof of the building, so they are slanted.

Windows in the attic should be installed 90 cm above the floor. Their upper edge should be at least 180-220 cm above the floor of the room. Only such a window size will provide really good lighting, thanks to which no additional lighting devices will be required during the day. The length of the windows also directly depends on the angle of the roof. On steep roofs, the length of the windows can be made smaller; if the roof is flat, then the windows should be longer.

The width is selected depending on the distance between the construction beams. The window in the roof of the attic should be 6-7 cm less than this parameter. On each side, it is necessary to leave a gap of at least 3-3.5 cm in order to lay the insulation, preventing the formation of "bridges" of cold. For example, if the distance between the building beams is standard, that is, 80 cm, the width of the roof window should be no more than 74 cm. As a result, gaps for insulation 3 cm wide remain on the left and right.

When choosing windows for the attic, remember that several small ones will illuminate the room much better than one huge one. You can install them, if desired, at any height, as well as at any angle, depending on which part of the attic you want to illuminate in the best way. For example, if you make windows under the ridge of the roof, then the center of the room will be most illuminated. If you want the illumination to be concentrated closer to the walls, you need to install windows as low as possible. This option is optimal if you want to see not only the sky, but also what is happening in your yard.

V finished projects of houses with an attic the required number of windows for this room has already been calculated, as well as their optimal length and width, and the angle of inclination. The project provides for exactly where they should be mounted in order to get the best daylight for this room.

What are roof windows

There are three types of windows that are suitable for this room. Their main difference is the way the sash opens:

• The most common and cheapest are windows in which the axis of rotation of the sash is in the center. They perfectly illuminate the room, and also provide good ventilation. This best option if windows need to be mounted at a high height in hard to reach place. If they are installed at a height that is recommended for the attic, that is, 90 cm from the floor, it will be inconvenient to use such windows for the reason that part of the open sash will be inside the room. It will not only take up space, it will be possible to accidentally hit it. Attic roof window with a central turn of the sash, if it is at a high height, it is controlled with a pole. This is the most cheap option, but there are models that can be opened and closed using a remote control or a special switch built into the wall.

• There are windows in which the axis of the sash is raised by ¾ of the height of the window. They are considered the safest in operation and comfortable, although their cost is higher than that of traditional ones. They are convenient in that most of the sash, when opened, will be turned outward, and only a smaller part remains inside. At the same time, a person can stand at full height near an open window, nothing will interfere with this.

• The most expensive and comfortable are the windows in the attic, which have an upper axis of rotation of the sash, or there are two of them in general. They are classified as "premium" and are most often installed in luxury homes. Such windows are equipped with a combined system, that is, the sash can be opened both along its upper axis and rotated by ¾ of the window height. Such windows have increased thermal insulation due to the installed thermal insulation block. They are controlled by one multifunctional handle, which is located at the bottom. You can pick up these premium windows with double-glazed windows. It is these models that belong to the highest, that is, the fifth, safety class.

Knowing what are types of attic windows, you can choose the option that is right for your home. But be sure to specify when buying which roof this or that window is intended for. For example, double-glazed windows, in which the axis of the sash is raised by ¾ of the height of the window, are usually mounted in the roof with a slope of 20-65 °. The cheapest windows with a central axis can be installed if the roof slope is between 15° and 90°. Always check this nuance with the manufacturer, as in different models may have their own installation features.

How to choose a double-glazed window for the attic

Thermal insulation properties

As in any room, the attic should be cozy and warm, it largely depends on the quality of the double-glazed windows you have chosen. To find out what thermal insulation properties the window you like has, ask the manufacturer about the heat transfer resistance coefficient. The higher it is, the less heat will go outside from the attic through the windows.

Most inexpensive double-glazed windows are single-chamber. As a rule, two-chamber double-glazed windows can be made to order or you can take ready-made ones that belong to the premium class. All modern single-chamber double-glazed windows are produced with a special coating, which significantly increases the heat transfer resistance coefficient. They are good because they keep the room cool in summer, which is especially important for the attic, which is located directly under the roof of the house. In winter, they perfectly save heat in the room, even in a strong snowstorm your attic will remain cozy.

If you will attic with big windows , the more you can not save on them, you need double-glazed windows with built-in thermal insulation blocks. Their cost is slightly higher than standard ones, but they make it possible to save on heating. It is very important that heat does not escape from the room through the huge skylights. Therefore, initially it is necessary to select double-glazed windows with a maximum coefficient of heat transfer resistance and additional insulation.

Roof window security

When purchasing attic windows, be sure to ask the manufacturer if they have any kind of protection against burglary. Many put bars on the windows of the first floor and a reliable strong door, but they completely forget that intruders can enter housing through the attic. To protect your home from thieves, choose windows with tempered extra strong glass, it is very difficult to break it. In addition, you need to make sure that the double-glazed windows are safe to use, this is especially true if you want to make a children's room in the attic. There are windows with special glass, which, if it is accidentally broken, will not crumble into small fragments inside the room. Thanks to a special protective film, all pieces of broken glass will be held together.

Soundproof performance

The window should help to create coziness, a homely atmosphere in the attic room. But what kind of comfort can we talk about if you live, for example, next to a noisy highway, railway station, or your neighbors dog that constantly and loudly barks. Be sure to consider all factors when choosing double-glazed windows for your attic. Ask the manufacturers what soundproofing characteristics this or that window has. If you live near sources of constant and loud noise, choose double-glazed windows with maximum soundproofing properties. This is especially true if you want to make a bedroom in the attic room.

Why do you need a waterproofing salary

When purchasing windows for the attic, be sure to immediately buy a waterproofing salary. It is necessary to reliably, firmly and hermetically connect double-glazed windows with the roof. Without it, the installation of attic windows is impossible, they will start to leak at the first rain. It is important to know that a certain type of waterproofing salary is suitable for each roofing material. For example, a salary that is intended for metal or euroslate is in no way suitable for a flat seam roof or bituminous tiles. Therefore, it is necessary to decide on the type of roof windows at the stage roofing works to immediately purchase all the necessary and suitable materials for their installation.

Nuances that you need to pay attention to when choosing windows for the attic

Window handle

In some window models, it is located at the top of the frame, in others - at the bottom. Manufacturers are still arguing among themselves, arguing in favor of precisely “their” location of the handle on the window frame. But in fact, they are equally comfortable and the choice depends only on your personal preferences. If you have children, it is better to choose windows with an upper handle on the frame. In the event that you prefer its lower position, be sure to check that the handle is equipped with a lock function so that the kids cannot open the window by accident.

Window frame control

The cheapest options for attic windows are equipped with a special pole with which they can be closed and opened. If desired, you can purchase more expensive ones that come with a remote control. remote control. There are also windows that are controlled by wall switches. Which option to choose is up to you.

How to choose roof window accessories

Like any other windows, they can be equipped mosquito nets, roller shutters, curtains and other accessories. It is very important to select everything from the manufacturer whose windows you decide to buy. The installation of accessories manufactured by a completely different company can in some cases even lead to damage to the window frame.

Design and style of windows in the attic

They must be suitable for interior design your attic, both in color and in size, in the style of their design. Windows should not look in the room as something strange and ridiculous. Choose just such that they harmoniously fit into the overall atmosphere of the attic.

Pros and cons of skylight blocks

Such blocks look very impressive, they make the room very bright and visually expand it, provide an opportunity for excellent visibility. But it is recommended to install them only as a last resort, if you really really want just such a window option. The fact is that they are very difficult to install. Also, due to their special design, the likelihood of the formation of a huge amount of condensate and freezing increases. The slightest mistakes during their installation, which would not at all affect the operation of standard small windows, can lead to serious consequences when it comes to large blocks.

• If you are not an expert in this, never take on the installation of windows yourself. Remember that skylights are part of the roof, they are sloped and will be constantly affected by atmospheric factors. They have to withstand gusts of strong winds, summer showers, hail, winter blizzards. The slightest mistake in their installation can lead to leaks, gaps, drafts and even cracks in the glass.
• Ask for a warranty not only from the window manufacturer, but also from the company you choose to do the roofing or building a house .
• It is very important to control the correct installation, in order to understand all the nuances, first study the instructions that come with the windows you have chosen. Then you can check whether the workers really follow the technology of their installation.

What exactly needs to be controlled when installing skylights:

• After completing all installation work, be sure to check the horizontality and verticality of the frame using a level.
• After the frame is installed, but before the installation of the waterproofing flashing, workers will mount the vapor barrier and waterproofing film. It is important to visually check that all joints are securely glued with a special adhesive tape.
• Above the window waterproofing film installation must be made to drain the water. Before installing the waterproofing flashing, be sure to visually check it.
• When installing the waterproofing flashing, make sure that no gaps are made on it. Also, on its surface, which will be in contact with the external environment, there should not be nails and other fasteners.
• After installing the slopes, be sure to check them with a level.
• If you decide to make window sills under the roof windows, make sure that there is a gap between them and the wall, this is necessary for the proper circulation of warm air.
• Still on stage house design it is important to check that a heating battery is provided under each window in the attic. This is necessary so that condensation does not appear on the windows in winter, a constant flow of warm air will prevent this.

If you still have not decided which window to install in the attic, photos and videos will help you figure it out.

Dormer in mansard roof is not just a decoration that helps create a unique roof design, but also increases the amount of light in the room. It might be pretty simple design, which can be installed independently, or a product of a complex design shape that gives the roof an individuality.

How did dormer windows come about?

The dormer window on the roof first began to appear in Europe in the middle of the 19th century. They served mainly to create lighting in the attic, thanks to which the room became suitable for housing and household needs. After some time, architects began to use this technique not only from a practical, but also from an aesthetic point of view. Windows gained popularity in such areas as the Renaissance, Gothic, Baroque. Their appearance was very different depending on the country in which the building was built.

In Russia, for the first time such designs became known after the victory over Napoleon. Ten years later, a roof with a dormer window no longer surprised anyone, it became commonplace, especially for Moscow and St. Petersburg. Attics were most often used for living by people with low incomes, the premises were often given over to workshops.

What kind of windows are there?

Depending on the type and location of the dormers, they are divided into the following types:

• Located in a gable wall.
• Dormer, which can have a different shape:

1. 1. triangular.
   2. quadrangular, used if the roof has slopes.
   3. trapezoidal.
   4. segmented, most often such windows are called panoramic, they are used if the roof has the shape of a trapezoid.
   5. arched.

• Antidormer. The window is not located at an angle; a special step is made under it in the roof.
• Inclined.
• Skylight: it does not open, it is located at the top of the roof.

Design features

Depending on the type of roof, the dormer window on the roof will also differ, the design of which is selected in a special way.

• In a gable wall. Such windows are equipped in the upper part of the wall, which is located at the end of the building. It has a triangular shape, roof slopes are located on the sides. The structure is located on the same plane as the facade of the building. Such a window does not need any additional structures, it opens, you can attach a ladder to it and get through it to the attic.
• Dormer is located entirely above the roof slope. To install such a design, it will be necessary to strengthen the roof and take care of the high-quality waterproofing of the window. This type of window is most common due to its efficiency, it is found a large number of models.
• An antidormer is a dormer window on the roof, the design of which is designed in such a way that it does not protrude beyond the roof, while being in the same plane with the facade. This is a built-in window, because of this it reduces the volume of the room inside. It is easier to equip such a product than the one discussed above, however, due to the folding of the interior space of the room, it is not widely used.
• Inclined type. Such a window is most often called a dormer, and it is not uncommon. Such a structure is inserted into the inclined plane of the roof, which is why it is also tilted. The shape of such a window can be any; it is usually made of metal-plastic.
• Clerestory. It is made entirely of glass, the shape may be different. Thanks to its design, the lantern gives maximum illumination to the attic, it is most often used in non-residential premises, since there is no way to curtain it or open it for ventilation.

Skylight Usage Examples

Dormer windows can be used in almost any type of roof and come in a variety of shapes and sizes, making them versatile. Most often, such structures can be found on the slope of the roof or in the plane of the walls, but they can also be used for shed structures.

Hip roof dormer windows are quite widespread. . They are well suited for classic houses or vintage architectural solutions. The frames are usually triangular in shape, the windows give good even lighting, a feeling of comfort and tranquility. This type of window is widely used for modern structures, especially when the roof is heavily lowered to the floor.

Triangular windows are quite simple in execution, they are cheaper than other non-standard shapes, while they provide the most even lighting, but the amount of light will be moderate. This is good if you are going to turn the attic into a bedroom, but not suitable for a nursery, games room or living room. Sometimes there are arched windows: they are small, but they create a certain design direction that draws attention to the house. Such windows provide minimal lighting, they can be used for ventilation if they have opening sashes.

Dormer windows can be placed either one by one or in groups, the main thing is not to violate the integrity of the supporting elements of the roof. The arrangement of structures can be both horizontally and vertically. If you want to achieve a wide view and good lighting, you can use a panoramic window, but a lot of heat usually escapes through it.

If the roof is trapezoidal, it will not have side walls, so the window is closed roofing materials, apply special waterproofing. The dormer window of the attic floor is usually selected depending on the purpose of the room and the type of roof. There is a wide variety of options, so you can always choose the right one.

What are the design requirements?

A gable roof with a dormer window not only looks good, but also turns the attic into a room suitable for living or other use. However, certain rules must be observed when choosing a roof window.

First of all, you should take into account the direction of the world, which the future window will look at. The south side gives more light, so if you do not need bright lighting, you can install small windows or use tinting. The larger the windows, their number and slope, the more light will be in the room. The optimal size is calculated something like this: for one meter of glazing there should be 9 meters of floor. It is advisable to include a roof window in the project even before the roofing begins: this will greatly facilitate their installation, since special places will be provided for the windows, and it will not be necessary to disassemble the roofing material.

A gable roof with dormer windows can have different lighting depending on the future purpose of the room, so it is not necessary to limit yourself to one window: you can install as many of them as you need. The main condition is only that the frame must fall between the rafters without violating their integrity. It is necessary to comply with the requirements of SNiP, they are needed at the design stage, when the general concept of the room and its style are being developed.

If the building does not have a very convenient roof shape, a triangular dormer window can be placed on the wall of the attic floor. It can also serve as an entrance to the attic. These windows can be used for non-residential attics or in combination with other solutions. The maximum window size is limited by the plane of the roof, and is calculated from lighting considerations. The larger the plane of the glass, the more light will enter the room. In addition, in order for the structure not to harm the roof, not to weaken it and to serve for a long time, it is necessary to comply with the requirements and norms of construction. SNiP includes the following requirements:

• Inclined windows are installed if the angle of inclination is not less than 35 degrees.
• From the outer walls of the building, superstructures can only be located at a regulated distance.
• The minimum size of opening sashes should be 0.6×0.8 m, the allowable size on the roof is 1.2×0.8 m.
• The facade should not be a continuation of the wall if window maintenance is planned with hip roof th, the opening of which has a quadrangular shape.

How to make a dormer window - the practical skills of an attic master

The window opening on the roof serves as a source of light for the attic and attic. In addition, this element enhances the aesthetic appeal of the structure. Attic windows, another name for dormer windows, can be decorated in different styles and have different designs.

Varieties of attic windows

Another name for a dormer window is a skylight. Regardless of this, it must meet the requirements of the highest level. Structural strength and compliance with the architectural style of the building are important, as well as the ability of dormer windows to provide light and ventilation in the right amount.

Dormer windows have been an integral part of buildings for a long time. Depending on fashion trends, their design and structure changed.

Window openings can have several types of execution:

• A window aligned with the roof plane.
• Dormer windows that have side walls, as well as a gable wall in addition to the plane of the house.
• Windows with side walls and a pediment located in the plane of the building.
• Dormer windows that do not have side walls, the pediment of which is located in the plane of the house.

The last three options have vertical glazing.

Openings for a window in the attic can be triangular and trapezoidal in shape, and also have the shape of an arch with glazing over the entire vertical plane.

Structures with side walls are divided into the following types:

• With a pitched roof.
• With double pitched roof.
• Hip.
• In the form of a bow or circular arch.
• Flat French.

In order for the dormer window to blend into the overall exterior, you need to choose the right type of structure and its location on the roof and relative to the main windows of the house.

Drafting a project

Window openings, including round window in the attic, must comply with certain Sanitary Norms and Rules, which must be followed during design and installation. The main regulatory documents are SNiP II-26 and SNiP 21-01. Only in this case, you can count on the reliability and durability of windows without compromising the quality characteristics of the roof.

The main requirements are as follows:

• Windows can be installed when the slope of the main roof slope is more than 35 degrees.
• When positioning the superstructure, you should adhere to the established distance from the outer walls of the house.
• The minimum parameters of the dormer window sashes are 60 * 80 cm, therefore, the size of the window opening in the attic can be no more than 120 * 80 cm.
• When installing windows with a hip roof and a quadrangular shape, it should be remembered that the facade of such a window should not continue the wall of the house.

According to GOST, dormer windows are veneered different materials, including copper, metal or roof tiles. The window structure can have its own roof and gutter, but installation can be carried out without these elements. Overall windows can be equipped with a balcony, which makes the roof more attractive. Lucarne windows are the name of a window in the attic with side walls and a facade glazed over the entire area.

Triangular windows in the attic gable roof

At self installation windows in the attic, preference should be given to openings in the form of a triangle with steep roof slopes. The popularity of this design is due to the following: the pediment of the window does not have a penetration into the roof, it is located in line with the load-bearing wall. At the same time, the location of the opening of the dormer window and the windows of the house should be combined. This will help keep architectural features buildings.

The slope of the roof slopes of triangular windows is about 60-70 degrees, so the usable area of ​​the attic does not change. Window openings on the roof, having a triangular shape, make it aesthetically attractive appearance roofs and allow you to make the layout of the attic or attic space more efficiently and in an original way.

When installing triangular dormer windows, it should be remembered that their roof is adjacent to a common roof. Therefore, there is no need to perform waterproofing of the junctions of the side walls with the roof. This makes the sealing process easier and faster, as well as cladding. gable roof with skylights.

Assembly of the main part - how to do it right

The assembly of the window frame in the attic begins only after the construction of the gables and the truss system of the main roof. In this case, it is recommended to leave an opening between the rafters. The rafter system of the dormer window has some differences; in it, the rafters on the sides of the structure are reinforced with additional elements. Such a scheme will help the frame withstand significant loads.

The pediment of the window, arranged in the roof, must have support from the side walls. They are installed at right angles to the outer wall, their height is 1.5 meters. The frame of the side walls should rest against the ceiling beams.

The side walls of the attic window are installed after the installation of the main truss system. Next, the binding of the horizontal crossbars and racks of the gable frame of the window is performed.

After that, the solution to the problem of how to make a dormer window on the roof is to perform the following actions:

• The rafters that are adjacent to the walls are filed and aligned with the wall sheathing.
• Jumpers are installed between the reinforced rafters, the fastening of which is carried out with metal overhead brackets. At this stage, it is forbidden to make cuts or tie-ins, as this reduces the bearing capacity of the truss system.
• Check the verticality of the pediment of the dormer window.
• The ridge is installed and the location of the gable frame is checked again.
• In accordance with the template, the rafter legs of the roof window are cut out and fixed on the ridge and on the lower beam of the structure.
• When sheathing the pediment of a dormer window in a mansard roof, you need to pay attention to the fact that the sheathing must match the wall sheathing.
• In the manufacture of shortened rafters, you can use a universal template. This will help reduce the time spent on work.

Valley at the dormer window

A roof window can be arranged according to the principle of a multi-gable roof, but with some differences in installation technology. The different slopes of the slopes of a triangular window and a multi-gable roof require a non-standard solution to the problem, so the window and roof slopes are connected by non-standard grooves.

The design of the dormer window on the roof in this case involves the use of slanting rafters, they serve as a support for the shortened rafter legs. When installing a window of this type, it is necessary to correctly calculate the length and cross section of the valley, as well as the angles of the connection of the side walls with the ridge beam. Two grooves are installed for each opening.

Rules for mounting the bottom of the attic window

The window in the attic in its lower part has installation features, you should pay attention to this Special attention. The inside of the roof should be hidden at the bottom of the attic window so that it is not visible from the inside. You can solve the problem with the help of a special installation of grooves.

The gutter beam is mounted directly on the roofing material of the common roof. It acts as a support for the rafters of the gable frame of the attic window. A crate made of moisture-resistant plywood is nailed onto the frame, onto which the roofing material is directly attached. Roof windows are sheathed, moving in the direction from the ridge beam to the lower part of the structure. But the finish coating is fixed in the opposite direction, from the bottom up.

Having made a decision self-assembly window openings on the roof, it is necessary to carefully study all the subtleties of this process. When arranging dormer windows complex design or the original form, it is best to seek help and advice from professional craftsmen.

Dormer window on mansard roof

The roof consists of many elements, some of them are decorative, while others are practical. The maximum roof area is occupied by flat slopes, which contribute to the runoff of rainwater, which protects the entire structure. In addition to slopes, auxiliary components play an important role. One of them is the skylight. It provides natural light to the attic, if it is on the roof, and also serves to remove moist air from under the roof. Thanks to these windows, the sun's rays fall at a more familiar angle than through horizontal windows on the roof. There are several types of such windows. Additional information will be discussed in the article.

There are plenty to choose from

The dormer window is not a novelty in the construction business. It has long been used as a practical element of the roof. There are exactly as many varieties of dolmers as there are varieties of roof shapes. The differences between windows of this kind lie precisely in what kind of roof they cover. Among them are:

• flat;
• lean-to;
• hip;
• gable;
• trapezoidal;
• arched;
• round.

Each type is selected for specific needs and depending on the overall design of the house. If it is dominated by rounded shapes, then the shape of the window roof will be the same. In addition, the shape of the valves themselves can be not only rectangular. Some designers claim that such windows are less efficient than dormers. This is due to a lower bandwidth, since the rays are at the required angle for less time.

There are no restrictions as to which roof dormers can be mounted on. This adds some work to the masters who will be involved in the installation, but the result will definitely please. There is no strict binding to the shape of the roof on which the dormer windows will be located. For example, windows with a semicircular roof and the same shape will look great on a shed. Dolmers can be mounted not only in the slope, but also in the gable of the roof. In some cases, it is allowed to install dolmers on flat roof, but in this case it will be necessary to provide a method by which rain or melt water will be removed as soon as possible. This is due to the fact that it will accumulate under the windows, resulting in dampness.

To save money, instead of the side walls of the dormer window, you can make slopes of greater length. This results in a triangular shape. The advantage of this solution is the ease of docking with the ramp. In this case, it should be borne in mind that less light will enter the room. If penetrating light is a priority, then the slopes of the dormer window can be made transparent and you get a skylight. If in the attic, where the anti-aircraft windows are located, it is assumed that bed, then it is better to provide blinds. Someone prefers dormers instead of dormer windows, but it is important to understand that their cost is somewhat higher than that of dormer windows.

When is installation possible?

It should be understood that the installation of a dormer window is not always possible. There are certain norms of SNiP that regulate the process of installing dolmers. Only in the case of strict adherence to the developed rules, it is possible to achieve the maximum service life of hearing structures. Here are a few things to keep in mind when designing:

• roof angle;
• distance from external walls;
• there are minimum sizes for dormer windows.

For proper water flow in the presence of a dormer window, the slope angle must be at least 35 degrees. With regard to size, it is worth saying that the size of the dormer window should be at least 10% of the total area of ​​​​the attic space. But the minimum leaf size is 60 × 80 cm. If the dormer window is made on a hip roof, then it must be positioned so that it is not a continuation of the main wall. Most often, the finishing of the dormer window is done in the same way as the roof. But a separate design is also allowed, which implies the presence of its own roof with a separate flooring and drainage systems.

Construction process

Installation of a dormer window is divided into several stages, each of which requires a special approach. It all starts with building a frame.

frame

The dormer window in the attic is being built after the roof truss system is completely ready. However, it must be designed in advance. This is taken into account during the placement of farms. In the place where the opening will be mounted. At the same time, neighboring farms are slightly moved apart so that they do not have to be cut. This would result in a loss of strength. "Cuckoo" has its own truss system. Moreover, its construction is not inferior in complexity to roofing. Rafter legs, on which the entire load will be exerted upon completion of installation, are made triple or double.

For the front of such a structure or pediment, additional support will be required. In its role is the inner wall. Its height must be at least 1.5 meters. It is installed perpendicular to the gable and the main wall. Only in this case will it be possible to achieve the required strength. The walls themselves stand on beams that are ceiling. These walls are assembled after the roofing system is ready. Simultaneously with their installation, a window opening is fixed to them. Most often, such a design is performed in the same plane in which one of the walls is located. If so, then the supporting rafter legs should not go beyond its level.

They are cut flush with the main wall to achieve harmony. In order to strengthen the opening, an additional jumper is made. It is installed between the rafter legs of the opening, the cuckoo ridge beam also rests on it. Most often it is made of wood, which is reinforced with metal plates. The lintel beam is mounted in such a way that it is vertical in accordance with the pediment of the dormer opening in order to ensure the correct abutment of the window ridge beam. Rafters that are side for the window should top rest against the ridge beam of the roof truss system. If the window is in the same plane as the wall, then the sheathing must be done in such a way that it does not protrude beyond the wall. Moisture resistant plywood or OSB board can be used as a material.

valleys

The installation of a triangular opening must be approached in the same way as the flooring of a roof covering on a pitched roof. But there are some nuances that should be taken into account. Each roof slope usually has the same slope. But this is not so with respect to the "cuckoo", here the angle of the roof slopes of the opening can be several times greater. When docking, a problem arises, since it will be necessary to use valleys with different angles of the sides. If the opening is deaf, then additional shortened rafter legs are used for its manufacture, which abut against the roof rafters.

In order to achieve the correct connection and outflow of rain or melt water, it is necessary to correctly calculate the length of the valleys, as well as the cross section of the beam on which they will rest. Also, for grooves, you will need to know in advance at what angle the slope of the opening will be to the slope of the main roof. You need to prepare a couple of such beams in advance, but they must be in mirror image. When working, it is better to use a pre-prepared template.

Bottom part

The lower part of the structure requires no less careful approach than the rest. The lower part should be a support for soft roof, which will be hidden inside it. At the same time, the side walls should cover it in such a way that it is not visible. A groove mounted by a simplified method will help to hide it. The beam under it is mounted on top of the main roofing. It serves as a support for the rafter legs of the triangular window. After that, a continuous crate for the window is made of moisture-resistant plywood, on which the flooring for the opening is laid. The lathing is mounted from top to bottom, and the roofing is vice versa. Video about installation work can be seen below.

Conclusion

As you can see, there are no two identical projects, each one is distinguished by the complexity and uniqueness of the design. In this case, there are basic rules that are important to follow. Without them, you can weaken the strength of the entire roof truss system, which will result in costly repairs or replacement of the main components. Never settle for the promises of masters who only want to try to build a similar structure. This always indicates insufficient preparation, for which the customer will have to pay. Do not settle for the “as simple as possible” options, but find a master who will be ready to embody the architect’s idea.

Dormer window on the roof: design and drawing

A dormer window is a glazed window frame on the roof, designed to illuminate and ventilate the attic or attic space, as well as for direct access to the roof. This small architectural element has many names: "birdhouse", "dwarf's house" and the historical "lucarna". As a rule, the dormer window is located parallel to the facade wall or is its continuation. There are a thousand ways to make a dormer window on the roof and decorate it in an original way, giving the building its own unique look. A typical skylight on the roof of a cottage
An example of a story is a Gothic French lucarne

What is a skylight for?

Initially, the auditory openings on the roof were conceived to equalize the air pressure between the outer atmospheric and the inner underroof. From the point of view of the laws of physics, excess pressure is more likely to knock out fragile glass than lift and deform a heavy roof.

In addition to its practical function, lucarna often has a decorative value. Decorated with carved platbands, stucco framing and other decorative elements, it serves as a decoration for both the exterior of the house and the interior of the attic.

What are dormer windows?

The variety of types of roofing superstructures is determined by the given shape of the window opening and the architecture of the roof.

Dormer windows are distinguished by the shape of the window frame:

• rectangular,
• triangular,
• arched (semicircular).

According to the design of the slopes:

• lean-to,
• gable,
• hip.

Types of dormer windows

According to the method of location in the roof structure:

• Dormer - is made in the form of a ledge in the roof slope, requires increased waterproofing. The most common in the practice of construction work.
• Antidormer - built into the roof structure, therefore, it does not require additional waterproofing, which is why it is easier to perform. However, it takes up internal space from the attic and, apparently, is rare for this reason.
• An inclined window is the same as a roof window.
• In a gable wall - a dormer window is arranged in the end wall of a gable roof. The frame is often triangular, trapezoid, or arch-shaped.
• Skylight - a window or glass structure on a horizontal or flat roof with a minimum allowable slope (5-15 0).

Also, attic "birdhouses" are made with and without side walls. They are located with a pediment in the same plane with the facade wall or outside its plane, a little higher and further on the roof slope.
An example of a hip roof with a gable dormer window

What is the difference between a skylight and a skylight?

A variant of the glazed opening on the roof is a roof window. Only it is not installed vertically, but at an angle, and lies in the same plane with the roof slope. By virtue of its structural arrangement, such a window must withstand the same loads as the material covering the roof: rain, hail, the severity of snow cover. A significant advantage of skylights is that they let more light into the under-roof space than vertical window openings closed from above and from the sides by a “birdhouse” box.
Aesthetic roof windows made of the latest materials perfectly decorate the interior of a modern attic

If it is possible to make the skylight opening large enough, then you can turn it into balcony door and organize an attic balcony, as in the photo below.

Since roof windows should not let in external moisture, it is unlikely that you will be able to make a waterproof salary for them yourself. It is recommended to purchase ready-made plastic and wooden double-glazed windows from official manufacturer. Such window blocks are made in compliance with the production technology and, as part of the roofing, meet all the necessary requirements.

Dormer window in the form of a skylight

Historically, a lantern in architecture is a beam architectural form that crowns the dome of a building and serves as a source of overhead lighting and ventilation. Lanterns decorated with decorative details were installed on temples and cathedrals. Nowadays, the lantern is the glass part of the horizontal roof. It is performed in the form of a flat window, dome, pyramid or in the form of a greenhouse. They visually increase the height of the attic space and let in more sunlight.
Varieties of antiaircraft windows

Roof window: practical and aesthetic

Because of these examples, one might get the impression that dormer windows are needed only in residential premises, and they are not appropriate in uninhabited attics used as storage for all belongings. This is not entirely true, since roof outlets are needed to ventilate the attic space and to provide technical access to the roof. Forms of roofing and options for roofing superstructures can be very diverse. Lucarnes are placed both on roofing slopes and gables - the end walls of a gable roof. Made with a creative approach, they will become a decorative decoration for your entire home.

Regulations

Sitting down to think about the design and starting to draw up a drawing of the future dormer window, it will be useful to familiarize yourself with the requirements of sanitary norms and rules, better known as SNiPs.

If the project provides for the arrangement of several auditory openings in a row, the distance between their outer edges should be at least 80 cm. Compliance with this requirement will allow you to freely arrange routine inspections of the roof, clean it from snow or leaves, and replace roofing material. On some roofs, you can see auditory openings in two rows, made one above the other. In this case, it is recommended to comply with the same standards: a step from the bottom edge to the floor and between the openings themselves from 0.8 m.

Getting Started

As mentioned above and as will be seen from the drawings below, the most popular roof dormer design is the dormer. Therefore, in most sources, the description of the construction of an attic window involves the construction of just this type of dormer opening.

Installation of the roofing "house" is carried out only on the already installed load-bearing rafter "legs". With its constructive structure, the auditory opening resembles the structure of a roof, only in miniature. It has its own truss system, crate, and with a gable roof - a skate.
Diagram of an attic dormer in cross section

As for the inclined roof window, inscribed in the roof surface, its construction does not require the construction of a separate frame. However, there are additional requirements for the quality of the window block. Since one of the purposes of the auditory opening is attic lighting, the owner should take this into account and plan a dormer on the south side of the roof. At worst - in the east or west, but most importantly - not in the north.

Manufacturing process

In the place where the dormer window is arranged, the supporting beams are sawn out and removed. It is better if the supporting rafters are at the same time the edges of the opening to be equipped.

Ideally, the width of the dormer window is equal to the distance between the inclined rafters.

Since it is better to install dormers without disturbing the truss system, several roofing superstructures are often constructed in the gaps between the beams. Then mount reinforced vertical racks, window frame and a top covering of rafters. As a rule, the frame of the "birdhouse" is made of beams, although, if the foundation and load-bearing walls of the house allow, the pediment and side walls of the "dwarf's house" are laid out with bricks.

Vertical racks are installed on the lower horizontal frontal board. Their tops are connected by another horizontal beam - a jumper above the window. Vertical racks are connected at the top with a run, and inclined rafters are mounted on the run - the basis of a mini-roof above the auditory opening. At the top point, where the rafters meet, a ridge beam is laid. Scheme of assembly of a standard dormer window

Outside, the structure is sheathed with board, plywood, other facade and roofing materials. Since the auditory opening is part of the roofing system, it must have reliable moisture and heat insulation. Therefore, special attention is paid to sealing joints and using a suitable insulating material: bitumen, insulation, silicone and acrylic sealants, vapor barrier film. All parts are fastened with metal corners and strips using self-tapping screws or construction nails. Dormer design with a square gable and a gable roof

After installing all the elements and completing exterior finish move on to the interior design of the attic or attic exit. Here the owner has unlimited freedom for creativity. Wooden parts are covered with protective primers or paints and varnishes, the areas below and above the dormer window are designed to match the overall interior of the under-roof space. Curtains or blinds are used as curtains from excess sun. If the attic is heated, then under the window, as is customary in standard city apartments, you can hang a radiator.

Conclusion

So, the dormer window has a functional and decorative value. On the one hand, it serves to ventilate and illuminate the attic space, and provides access to the roof. On the other hand, it adds variety to the architecture, gives the building a unique look. The homeowner who has decided to build a dormer window on his roof is faced with a choice: hire an experienced construction team or assemble the structure with his own hands according to his own drawings.

Those who are lucky enough to have a home should find out everything about skylights. Knowing their features, types and advantages will help you choose the most suitable option for installation.

The roof window is located on the slope of the roof, so it can be called part of the roof. It has a special device compared to ordinary windows. Indeed, he should withstand all loads falling on the roof of the house.

At one time, skylights gave light to the poor who huddled in the attic. Now, they are more likely to be used by wealthy citizens to admire the views from the mansions and the well-lit interiors of the attic floors.

Skylights look like this

Types of windows for the attic roof

Depending on the design:

• vertical or straight. They are installed on the end parts of the attic or add-ons made especially for them. A feature of the windows of this design is the obligatory presence of a visor in the upper part, covering from natural moisture. The downside is that they let in relatively little light.
• oblique. They are located directly in the plane of the roof, coinciding with its plane or protruding a few centimeters. As a rule, they have thickened glass filled with gas for better thermal insulation. They are protected from precipitation by platbands in the upper and lower parts of the frame.

Materials used for ordinary windows:

• aluminum. Lightweight and durable windows, do not deform from changes in temperature and humidity. Disadvantage - let the cold through
• tree. They have an attractive appearance, are resistant to cold, have good thermal insulation, and are environmentally friendly. But rotten and burn well
• plastic. Cheap compared to other materials, easy to install, not afraid of precipitation. But in case of damage to one of the elements, a new window will have to be installed.

It depends on where the axis of the roof window sash is located:

• up. This is a roll-up window. Convenient, provided that the lower part of the window is higher than a meter from the floor
• on the side. Traditional version with a mechanism that locks the sash in the desired position
• across the window in the center. Such a sash rotates around its axis, turning 180 degrees.

When choosing windows for the attic, you will have to take into account not only your own preferences and financial capabilities, but also the features of the house project.

Source: https://mansarda-life.net/okna-v-kryshe-mansardy/

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Types of skylights, manufacturers and variety of shapes

What are roof windows

If you are faced with the choice of a roof window or you are just interested in what kind of roof windows are - below we will tell you about the types and types of roof windows.

V modern construction, skylights found wide application in the rooftops. They bring natural light, create room ventilation, coziness and comfort.

It so happened that the construction industry of the 21st century is actively developing, bringing new technologies and materials. Likewise, skylights have received significant additions, upgrades and improvements.

But first things first.

To begin with, in order to divide windows by type, you can consider all companies that are manufacturers of roof windows. By the way, there are not many of them on our continent.

All roof window manufacturers

Velux - Denmark

The company VELUX (Velux) for the production of skylights was founded in Denmark in 1941. Velux is the world leader in this industry.

Fakro - Poland

The origins of the Facro company date back to 1986. FAKRO is a positive example of how a carpentry shop has become a well-known manufacturer of skylights and stairs on a continental scale.

Roto - Germany

Production facilities are established in Poland and Russia.

What are roof windows

Windows by type of material:

The most common and popular. The frame and sash of the window are made of glued beams.

1. Windows with polyurethane coating

The frame is made of wood covered with polyurethane, which does not fade or turn yellow over time.

Windows with a plastic (PVC) profile - for installation in rooms with high humidity- bathrooms, kitchens.

Armored skylights are heavy and are typically installed in "concrete roofs" (made from cast-in-situ concrete structures).

Manufacture and delivery of armored windows occur on an advance payment within 1-3 months.

standard windows

Standard skylights are rectangular in shape. They consist of a frame and a window sash. They differ in the following:

Windows by type of opening:

Another variety - roof windows with two axes of rotation:

Tilt and turn window has two opening systems controlled by one handle. The hinged position of the sash provides safe and comfortable access to an open window. The sash does not enter the room and does not protrude beyond the window opening.

The axis of rotation of the sash in ¾ of the height of the window guarantees effective ventilation and allows you to look out of the window while standing at full height.

Safety is guaranteed by the automatic fixation of the sash in the position for washing the window, and the supply of fresh air is ensured by a two-stage ventilation gap.

All above mentioned standard roof windows with manual opening. But in the modern era, skylights have become globally automated. They appeared - "smart windows".

smart windows

All of these skylights are for installation in pitched roofs with flat planes. It is possible to install both one window and two or three or more side by side.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the arc skylight.

arc window

Arc windows are a structure in which, depending on the radius of the roof arc, the window frame, its sash, double-glazed window and fittings are bent. The arc window fits perfectly into the arched and vaulted roof, allowing you to create an original and modern architectural composition of the building.

Combination windows

Direct combo box:

Facade or cornice windows:

Front windows can be combined with additional ones:

Skylights as skylights

Balcony window

Installation of a balcony window is carried out in the same way as for a conventional roof window and does not require additional extensions.

extensions

Both triangular and semicircular extensions are used. Such an addition harmoniously fits into the exterior of the building and looks good in the interior of the attic room.

light tunnel

A light tunnel is used when a small attic is also located above the attic living space. The tunnel window is installed on the slope of the roof above the attic, and the room is illuminated through a reflective tunnel-pipe.

At the output, a ceiling diffuser is installed at the same time.

Flat roof windows

There are also specially designed windows for flat roofs. Such windows are also called skylights. They look harmonious in the roof and create a feeling of increased space due to additional light.

Roof types

What is an attic An attic is an attic-type living space that is formed on

pitched roof structure

What is Fachwerk Fachwerk is a type building structure, at which the carrier base

Source: https://krovli.club/kryshi/okna-na-kryshe/vidy-mansardnykh-okon

Why do you need skylights?

Skylights are installed in the roof slope and are intended for installation in a room located on the attic floor. They really have a certain charm. But their main disadvantage, due to which they are so rarely seen in country houses is the price.

Moreover, both the cost of the windows themselves and the installation are quite high. Therefore, many refuse to use them in favor of installing standard windows in a gable or wall. But they are used not only from a decorative point of view.

Below are the reasons why dormers are still needed

1. Skylights let in more light

Due to the fact that they are located in the slope of the roof, the angle of sunlight increases, which means that more light penetrates. And as you know, it is daylight that is good for both health and vision. For example, the Velux company claims that their models let in 30-40% more light than usual, vertical arrangement. And after modernization, it is 10% more than the old and similar models from other manufacturers.

2. Viewing angle is better

Also, due to the inclined position, the viewing angle improves, opening up excellent panoramic views to the residents. The excellent review is provided practically at any arrangement of a frame.

3. Emphasizes the style of the attic room

Skylights have been specially designed for attic roofs. Therefore, they fit very harmoniously into the overall interior. You can even say much better than those installed in the wall, which look rather ridiculous if the wall is low, or even those installed in the pediment. They successfully emphasize the style of the room located in the slopes of the roof, making it even more comfortable and unusual.

4. Uniform illumination

Roof windows can be placed almost anywhere in the attic room, unlike standard ones, which require a vertical surface. Thanks to this, you can control where and how much light will be in the room. And combined salaries allow you to create a whole block, creating a panoramic view right on the roof

5. Rooftop balcony

A rather expensive, but at the same time original and convenient solution is a balcony window. In the closed position, it is no different from the standard one, but when opened, it transforms into a small balcony. Agree, having a balcony on the roof is original and unexpectedly pleasant.

Summing up, we can safely say that, despite the high price, skylights still deserve a place in the house. They will give the attic an original atmosphere, increase its illumination and allow it to be controlled.

A variety of specialized accessories allows you to customize them to your taste. And even with a little work with the brackets, you can also adapt ordinary curtains, which will look very original and gentle, hanging at an angle.

And you can read about how to use the attic in our article: “How to use the space of the attic room by 100%”

Source: http://www.diy.ru/blog/itera_group/post/9230/

Do-it-yourself mansard roof drawings with dimensions

An attic in a private house is an ideal solution for expanding a residential or useful utility area without completing the top floor.

The arrangement of the attic in the attic space is an original and new exterior of the house, saving energy by reducing heat losses in the roof, and increasing living space.

But the large size of the house is not a reason to start work on arranging the attic: you need to have a foundation with a sufficient margin of safety for the weight load, since the finished attic space will have to be thoroughly redone.

Finished attic

Features of the attic

The main thing that distinguishes the attic from ordinary rooms is that it has almost no walls in the usual sense, since the walls are a modified truss system constructed from many inclined roofing surfaces. Therefore, the design of the window will be very different - it should not interfere with natural light, and should take on the load in the form of precipitation and strong winds - the impact of weather conditions on a sloping roof is stronger than on the massive elements of the building.

Important! The SNiP regulation stipulates that the area of ​​the window opening should not be less than 10% of the floor surface in the common room. Therefore, when dividing the attic space with partitions, it is also desirable to make a window in each newly formed room.

Attic window area

It is easier, cheaper and faster to mount an inclined window in the attic roof than to make a special vertical ledge under it, violating the design calculations. In any case, the window opening must be waterproofed or a window with reinforced glass and a reinforced metal-plastic profile should be ordered.

Benefits of installing an inclined roof window:

1. A large stream of natural light, smoothing chiaroscuro;
2. There is no need to radically alter the shape of the roof and change its relief;
3. Easy Installation, feasible to the owner himself.

Skylights

The degree of illumination depends on the area of ​​the opening, which is proportional to the angle of the roof. Therefore, the conclusion is obvious: the steeper the broken mansard roof, the wider and higher the window opening should be.

The thickness of the metal-plastic profile should almost fit into the distance between the rafters, so that there is something to attach the window to without destroying the rafter system. If you order a wider window, you will have to make a reinforced jumper that fastens the rafters cut at the insertion point.

If you need to install a wide window, you must first think about the option of installing two small adjacent windows so that the roof remains intact.

Lintels in the attic for the window

When installing a dormer window (a vertical dormer window, it requires the frame to be moved outside the attic), the geometric shapes of the roof must be complicated by the installation of the upper and side valleys, and laying or installation is also complicated roofing. Ready system rafters are much more difficult to remake at the same time than laying a new roof window in your individual house project.

Valleys must be carefully waterproofed, as their location and geometry relative to constant atmospheric influences make these places the most vulnerable to the penetration of moisture and cold. In regions with an average annual high precipitation, it is recommended to make snow retainers above the dormers.

But the main advantage of the dormer - you can stand next to it in full growth - outweighs all the disadvantages that can be eliminated.

A window recessed into the roof is made if an exit to the balcony is organized through this window. In other cases, this is an unattractive option: poor natural lighting, unjustified complication of the roof geometry, high labor costs with a minimum of effect.

Dormer in the attic

The most affordable option is a window at the end of the attic - a cheap and practical solution that is fully implemented without outside help.

Attic truss system

In individual construction, a house with an attic is often built with a sloping roof, although this is an expensive solution. Broken mansard roofs, due to their design features, greatly increase the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe interior of the attic. With the same width of the foundation of the house and the floor, the rooms in such an attic will have a larger area due to ledges and niches than rooms under the roof of a conventional design.

Mansard truss system

The standard design of a sloping roof allows you to lower the overhangs of the eaves much lower, not only making the exterior of the house very original - such overhangs protect the walls and foundation of the house from wind and moisture, directing atmospheric precipitation away from housing.

The more complex the sloping roof with your own hands, the stronger the dependence of the reliability of the structure on the materials from which the roof is made, on climatic conditions, on the thickness of the beams of the truss system and other factors. The classic do-it-yourself mansard roof, the drawings of which are given below, has a ratio of inclination of the lower slopes to the floor of 60 °, of the upper slopes - of 30 °.

Classic attic

SNiP stipulates a comfortable ceiling height in attic rooms - at least 2 m. Therefore, a scheme with a roof slope of 600 is fully justified, and structural reliability is ensured by thicker floor beams and rafters than with a conventional gable roof.

With the classical construction of the attic, the force of the wind and the load from the weight of snow on the sides of the roof with a large slope are not taken into account. Snow will accumulate on the upper surface of the roof, made with a slope of 300-450. The greater the angle of inclination of the roof, the stronger the windage of the roof, therefore, in climates with strong winds, it is necessary to build roofs with a small slope, and this is a problem for arranging the attic - the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house in such conditions should be quite large.

Broken roof schemes

The sloping roof frame is constructed from pine lumber of the first or second grade. For calculations, such parameters as the cross-section of timber and batten boards, the dimensions and weight of the roof from various building materials, snow and wind loads, and the rafter attachment step are regulated.

hanging rafters

The design of the roof with a hanging truss system is justified if at the base of the triangle (in the upper figure) there is a size ≤ 4.5 m - this determines the width of the attic. If the width is greater, then layered rafters are equipped, which are mounted on the wall.

How to calculate a broken type roof

The step between the rafters is often determined by the width of the insulation - this solution allows you to save on rolled materials, and the distance between the rafters is chosen 2-3 cm less than the width of the insulation material. For example, with a mineral wool slab width of 60 cm, the distance between adjacent posts should be 57-58 cm.

Attachment points in sloping roof

The boards of the rafter legs are also calculated in width, based on the parameters of the insulation.

To ventilate the layers of thermal insulation, it is necessary to provide a ventilation gap of 20-30 mm, otherwise the accumulated condensate will cause the wood to rot, and then damage the insulation.

For the conditions of the middle strip, the thickness of the insulation can be no more than 230-250 mm, therefore the minimum width of the rafter legs is 230 mm with a board thickness of ≥ 50 mm. The greater the wind, temperature and snow loads in the region, the thicker the rafters should be made.

Sloping attic roof

Recommended: To save lumber, the insulation can be laid in two directions: along and across the rafters, making a thin and rare crate between the layers. With a minimum stone wool slab thickness of 100 mm, a 50 x 150 mm board can be used, leaving 50 mm for the ventilation gap.

Mansard roof installation

Mauerlat on the mansard roof is equipped with standard techniques - fastening the beam to the wall with knitting wire, anchors or studs. If the house is timber or log, then the upper crown of the log house, impregnated with an antiseptic and substances that increase the moisture resistance of wood, can serve as a Mauerlat.

Mounting rafters on the Mauerlat

For a Mauerlat in a house made of cellular concrete, a monolithic reinforced grillage is poured on top of the walls, and the Mauerlat itself is attached to the rods concreted into the wall.

For walls made of brick or reinforced concrete, such a concrete grillage is not necessary - the wall material itself is quite durable and will withstand any method of attaching the truss system.

It will only be necessary to make a two-layer waterproofing around the entire perimeter of the house, and treat the Mauerlat beam with a section of 150 mm with an antiseptic.

Roof installation

To assemble the elements of the truss structure, long nails are used - 150-200 mm. At the corners and at the intersections of the load-bearing walls with the internal partitions of the house, it is better to make bolted connections, or use double-sided threaded studs. Also, all intersections of roof elements are recommended to be additionally reinforced with metal plates-overlays.

Assembly of elements of the rafter system

Installation of the attic truss system can be carried out in two solutions:

1. Assembling the elements on the ground, lifting the finished structural units up. First of all, vertically corner elements are attached, which form future gables. The remaining elements of the roof structure are vertically inserted into the grooves made in the Mauerlat beam at a calculated distance and rigidly fixed. To give rigidity and correct geometry, you can temporarily fix the elements with spacers and braces, and after mounting the side beams, when the structure acquires the desired rigidity, the spacers can be removed;
2. The second method is the sequential assembly of the mansard roof in place. It is more efficient and more convenient to work this way, because with a voluminous rafter system it will be problematic to lift the assembled roof manually - you will have to rent a crane. After assembling the structure, floor beams are laid, to which vertical beam racks are attached to the grooves, and temporary braces are installed to stiffen and make the system vertical. Then comes the assembly of the upper and side rafter legs, the jibs and struts are mounted in the same way.

Installation of rafters of the upper slopes

The last stage is the installation of the upper beams, which are made according to the template, and the grooves for the rafters are immediately sawn into them. Since the mansard sloping roof does not have a ridge, slopes are mounted on the beam in the middle, which are designed to fix the upper triangle of the attic roof.

Master of Architecture, graduated from the Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 11 years of experience in design and construction.

Roof windows attract attention with their romanticism and non-trivial external design, which adds originality to the look of the house and allows you to create a source of abundant daylight. The main difficulty if you want to install a window on the roof is the dimensions of the structure, which must be selected with particular scrupulousness. Right choice means the creation of an exterior that will favorably emphasize the external nobility of the house.

How to choose the area of ​​​​future glazing

Manufacturing market segment attic installations replete with various offers, it is not difficult to get lost in them. In order for the attic to be glazed correctly, follow a number of simple recommendations:

Dimensional grid of attic installations

Standard sizes attic structures are represented by 14 positions, and each of the manufacturers has at least 6 dimensional grids in its ranks. For example, Velux roof windows are quite large, they are in a large and medium grid, so it will be very problematic to find small sizes.

Velux windows are available in medium and large sizes.

The Velux company can please customers with only one small size - 55 x 98 cm. Medium-sized designs are represented by indicators of 66 x 118 cm, and large-sized ones - from 78 x 98 cm to 114 x 140 cm. Before you go shopping, it will be practical to ask the seller whether the desired models are in stock.

What is the structure made of?

Most often, the main material is glued laminated timber, with the exception of the design of sanitary zones, since wood does not tolerate moisture.. For a bathroom or bathroom, frames made of metal-plastic or wood coated with polyurethane are used, which copes with high humidity and temperature changes.

The main material for the manufacture of roof windows is glued laminated timber

By the way, velux roof windows or other manufacturers with small sizes look organically in the restrooms. They provide sufficient illumination, but at the same time do not open a large view from the outside.

Location of opening elements

The opening axis is placed in three variations: in the center, in the upper part and at 2/3 of the height of the window itself. The central option is very popular, since its installation is recognized as the most inexpensive. The two remaining options have the common advantage of convenience and comfort, eliminating the possibility of accidentally hitting an open window. Do not forget that if you wish, you can always choose a combined opening system.

Most often, windows with a central axis are mounted.

Choosing a double-glazed window for the attic structure

An important role in the choice of roof windows is played by high-quality glass, necessarily tempered and filled with an inert gas - argon, which will provide excellent thermal insulation of the room. Since the window is located on the roof, the dimensions and the double-glazed window determine the degree of load that the structure will have to withstand. Ordinary glass cannot cope with rain and snow, strong gusts of wind and other weather phenomena, so the reliability of a double-glazed window is a guarantee of safety for the owners of the house.

It is more expedient to install double-glazed windows on the roof, rather than ordinary glass

Depending on financial capabilities, many manufacturers offer to consider models whose designs have increased functionality:

• argon is replaced by a gas that provides even higher thermal conductivity;
• double-glazed window made according to special technology, allows damaged glass to break up into non-sharp fragments and protects a person from injury;
• glass with a special coating that will reflect heat either into the room or into the outer space;
• increasing the thickness of the double-glazed window to achieve maximum strength.

If necessary, an automated window control system is installed

In addition to quality indicators, manufacturers offer to take advantage of pleasant developments in the form of automated attic structures. You can control them with a mobile remote control or with switches mounted on the wall.

Specifications of a double-glazed window

To achieve good functionality of roof windows, technical requirements for double-glazed windows play an important role, which must meet the following indicators:

• high product safety;
• providing good thermal insulation;
• the presence of bonus functions at the window of the "Lux" class.

Positioning the windows correctly

To achieve the brightest light during the day, mount 2 or 3 windows in the same room, placing them on opposite sides of the roof. Installation of one, but a large window, will not allow to achieve a similar effect, since its area will be equal to the sum of the areas of several components. Skylights with a large surface will make the room cozy and evenly fill with light. The distance between the windows and the width of the structures is determined by the distance between the rafters.

The distance between windows and their width depend on the distance between the rafters

Optimal dimensions of structures

Beautiful views will allow you to observe installations with dimensions reaching 1 meter. But, taking care of beautiful landscapes, do not forget that the main thing is to install the window correctly. For these purposes, it must be located in the range from 0.9 m to 1.2 m along the lower part (from the floor) and from 2 m to 2.2 m along the upper part.

The distance from the floor to the window must be at least 0.9 m

When determining the dimensions in length, pay attention to the angle of the roof. The lower the slope, the higher the length window construction. For example, for a roof with a slope of 35 °, a window length of 160 cm will be optimal. A slope of 70 ° will require a frame 100-120 cm long, respectively.

Think about the number of future windows at the planning and development stage of the project, since the width of the windows and the distance between the rafters have a subtle relationship. The method of designing rafters directly depends on the initial choice.

When installing skylights, determine their dimensions according to the openings in advance, which will facilitate further work and do without alterations with additional costs.