Water temperature in heating radiators. Norms of air temperature and heating batteries in the apartment. How to measure the temperature in the apartment during the heating season
When summer ends and it gets cold outside, city apartment owners start checking batteries. heating system hoping that the water in them has become hot. If the radiators remain cold for a long time, residents apartment buildings, as a rule, begin to look for the guilty. You should start searching for them only if the established norms for the temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment are not observed.
Reasons for the lack of heat
Each apartment owner needs to read Decree No. 354, which refers to the norms for supplying heat to urban residential buildings. It states that heating should be supplied to apartments only if the air temperature outside the building does not rise above +8 °C for 5 consecutive days.
Most often heating season in the cities of Russia begins in mid-autumn, around October 16. It lasts six months - until mid-spring.
If the air in the apartment during the heating season does not meet the standards, then you should look for the cause of such a problem. If the apartment is still cool when the heat is supplied, it means that the batteries do not heat up to the desired temperature. The main reasons for the lack of heat include the following:
Cold in the apartment? How to raise the temperature in the apartment by 2 degrees!
Even when the heat is successfully supplied, it is possible that the air in the rooms will remain cold. In such situations, the owners of the apartment experience discomfort and are forced to contact the appropriate services.
Established norms
Before making any claims against those who are responsible for the operation of the heating system, you need to understand what the existing battery temperature standards are . For each room there is a specific parameter:
If the owner of a city apartment decides that the living space that belongs to him by right is poorly heated, he will want to check whether the temperature of the radiators of the heating system meets the standards. However, today there are no standards for the radiators and risers themselves, as well as for understanding whether the heating system is working properly. It is necessary to focus on how warm the air is.
Battery temperature in Zhytomyr
You can measure its temperature with a regular home thermometer. If, as a result of the measurement, it turns out that in some room or in several rooms at once the air is not warm enough (for example, in the bathroom it is noticeably below +25 °C), then you can apply measures to find the causes and eliminate problems.
If you plan to file a complaint with the people responsible for heating, you will first have to call a representative of the organization that provides heat to your apartment so that he personally fixes the non-compliance with the established standards.
Parameters for radiators
Does not exist minimum norm what should be the temperature of the batteries in the apartment. However, there are maximum limits, which depend on the following factors:
Although heating battery companies indicate the maximum allowable temperature on the packaging of their products, you do not need to reach this figure. This can lead to their rapid failure.
Installation of apartment heating radiators (rifar monolit)
The heat that enters urban residential buildings is generated at the CHP. There is a coolant, which is ordinary water, heated to a certain temperature, and then launched through the pipes. It is important that it gets to the radiators in the apartments still hot, without having time to cool down when moving inside the pipes, so it needs to be heated strongly.
Although all natural history textbooks intended for junior high school students claim that water heated to 100 ° C begins to boil, the coolant in the pipes remains in a liquid state even at high temperatures. This is not a violation of the laws of physics: the whole thing is very high pressure, which is created inside the pipes. Due to the pressure of more than 5 atmospheres, the boiling point of water increases by one and a half times. Consequently, the water temperature in the heating system of an apartment building can be up to 150 °C or more. The norm of humidity and air temperature in the apartment for a child
Measurement methods
If it is necessary to measure the temperature of the batteries themselves and make sure that it complies with the norms, then it is recommended to do this in a proven way. . There are three of them in total:
If, as a result of the check, it turns out that the temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment does not correspond to the norm, you should contact the heating network with a request that its employees conduct a control measurement. It is necessary to write an appropriate application. If the causes of battery malfunction associated with poor-quality maintenance of the system by employees of the heating network then they should be the ones to troubleshoot. In this case, apartment owners can be exempted from paying for heating.
The Apartment Heating Act ensures that tenants are protected if utilities fail to do their job. Any application submitted must be reviewed as soon as possible.
Each owner of a city apartment has the opportunity to measure, as well as the temperature of the batteries themselves, and then conclude whether the measurement results obtained correspond to the established indicators. To do this, it is important to know the norms themselves, as well as the time when the heating system should turn on and off.
A heating battery is the main element of the heating system in a city apartment, an effective household device for heat transfer. It is from the batteries (radiators) and their temperature that the coziness and comfort of living for all residents of the house largely depend.
In this article we will tell you: what should be the temperature of the radiators in the apartment, what are its norms and whether interruptions in the heat supply are acceptable.
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Start of the heating season
Start of heating supply at residential apartments indicated in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354. The document states that as soon as the average daily air temperature in the street is below +8 ºС and remains unchanged for 5 days in a row, heating is turned on in the apartments.
In all other cases, the moment of heat supply can be legally delayed. Detailed information about when which temperature include heating in apartments You can read.
Note: heat will begin to flow into the apartments no earlier than on the 6th day after the recorded temperature indicators of the air outside.
Most regions of the country heating season starts from mid-October and ends in April.
Reasons for the lack of heat in the apartment
- Breakdown of the heating system at home;
- The filling of pipes that conduct heat to houses with air;
- Unfinished renovations.
If the heating supply delay is caused by a breakdown of the in-house system, then it is impossible to correct the situation until the problem is fixed.
If the cause of the delay is the filling of the heat supply pipes with air, it is necessary to contact the operating organization. The specialist must “blow out” the batteries within a day after the appeal, and there will be no obstacles to filling them with circulating liquid.
Why is the heat supply to the radiators interrupted?
It is important to know that it is legal, interruptions in the heating supply can be:
- Maximum 24 hours. Provided that the minimum air temperature in the apartment is +12 ºС;
- Maximum 8 hours. If the temperature drops to +10 to +12 ºС;
- No more than 4 hours if the thermometer shows +8 ºС and below.
All downtime periods are indicated in total for a month. If residents notice an excess of these values, they should file a complaint with the responsible organization. Familiarize with optimal temperature indicators in the apartment in winter can be in.
Heating battery temperature standards
Therefore, it is so important to follow the rules for the installation and operation of heating radiators in each apartment. Otherwise, the heat will be distributed unevenly, which will lead to the fact that it will be warm in one apartment, and cold in the next one.
An important point is also . To avoid similar situations and came up with the appropriate allowed values(standards).
Permissible minimum battery temperature
However, the minimum temperature of batteries in apartments by law and regulations not spelled out. This means that the indicator must be kept allowable air temperature in the apartment (+18 to +25 degrees).
Obviously, which is unacceptable for low battery temperatures, achieve normal air temperature throughout the apartment impossible.
What should be the maximum value?
- Maximum acceptable norm the temperature of the batteries in the apartment is considered to be 95 ° C with a two-pipe heating system;
- With a single-pipe heating system, the temperature maximum is 115 ° C;
- The recommended temperature is between 85°C and 90°C. This is because 100°C is the boiling point of water. When this indicator is reached, special measures are applied to prevent boiling;
Note: although the temperature maximum is 115°C, battery operation in this mode is not recommended. They break quickly if they work with such an increased load.
How to measure battery temperature?
- Ordinary thermometer. In this case, to the measured surface index heater 1-2°C should be added;
- Using an infrared thermometer;
- An alcohol thermometer measures the temperature of the battery by tightly wrapping it around it. For measurement accuracy, it is necessary to cover the thermometer with a heat-insulating material.
It is important: the device that measures the temperature of the batteries must have a quality certificate. The measurement range should be from 5 to 40 degrees C - this greatly minimizes the measurement error. Permissible error is not more than 0.1 gr.S of measurement.
If the battery temperature substantially does not reach recommended values should be written application to the management company for measurement. Commission in the presence of the tenant of the apartment will make control measurement of fluid circulating in the battery and establish mismatch.
Note: before measuring the temperature of the batteries, measure the temperature of the hot water from the tap. These indicators are interconnected with each other. If the thermometer readings are in the range from 60 to 75 ° C - this is considered the norm, if below - a deviation from it.
What to do if there is no heating?
To do this, together with a representative of the operating company, it is necessary to measure the temperature in each room. If it is lower, it is important to record the readings.
Based on the results of measurements, the service company is obliged to take measures, correct the situation and recalculate the heating fee in periods of non-compliance. If there is no action on the part of the responsible company, it can be held administratively liable for violating the rules of public services for the population.
If the recalculation did not motivate the responsible organization to correct errors, a collective complaint should be made by the residents of the house about the violation of the temperature regime. It will become the basis for going to court. For violations, the organization supplying heat can be severely fined.
Thus, the temperature of the batteries in the apartment during the heating season must comply with the requirements of SNiP.
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Heating the apartment is the concern of either an authorized organization or the owner of the apartment. In the second case, everything is very clear - the system of individual heating of the dwelling provides the ability to maintain any necessary temperature regime in each room. The first option is much more difficult.
Heating standards are developed based on sanitary standards for both residential and non-residential premises. The basis, in the latter case, is the calculation of the needs of an ordinary organism.
The calculation process itself is quite complex. These values are called optimal. They are legally established and displayed in SNiP.
The temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment: standards
The norms for heating apartments determine the specific value of a sufficient indicator for residential and non-residential premises, with permissible deviations from their indicators.
They are developed easier than for work premises, since those living in housing show low and, at the same time, stable activity:
- For residential premises, the air temperature is from 20 to 22 degrees Celsius, while the permissible limits are from 18 to 24 degrees;
- If we take corner rooms, then here the indicator should not be less than a twenty-degree mark, since such rooms are more susceptible to the action of low external temperatures and winds;
- The kitchen is a working room, where, in most cases, its own heat source is located - an electric or gas stove. The temperature in this room should be between 19-21 degrees. Permissible is from 18 to 26 degrees;
- The optimum temperature for toilets is 19-21 degrees. Limits range from 18 to 26. Anyway, bathrooms are not among the coolest rooms;
- The bathroom is a hot room because it has a fairly high level of humidity. The minimum temperature indicator here leaves from 18 to 24 degrees. Permissible maximum - 26 degrees. But, nevertheless, even at 20 degrees, the comfort of using this room decreases;
- For non-residential premises, the temperature is calculated based on the frequency of their operation. In the corridors, 18-20 degrees is recognized as an acceptable temperature level, however, 16 is also acceptable. For storerooms, the air temperature should be 16-18 degrees. Permissible limits are 12 and 22 degrees.
Since the need for heat during sleep is somewhat reduced, according to GOST, it is allowed to lower the temperature level in residential premises to 3 degrees from 00.00 to 05.00 in the morning. Such a decrease in the norm will not be regarded as a violation.
What are the requirements for a heating system?
The heating process in a multi-storey building is based on the results of many engineering calculations, sometimes they are not so successful.
The complexity of the process is not in the delivery of heated water to the object (building), but in its uniform distribution over all apartments, on the condition that the apartments provide standard temperature indicators and optimal humidity.
How effective such a system will be directly depends on the coherence of the actions of all its elements, including pipes and batteries in each of the apartments.
For this reason, the replacement of radiator batteries, not taking into account the peculiarities of the heating system, can lead to extremely undesirable consequences: one of the apartments may experience a shortage of heat, while the other will have an excess of it.
It is through the establishment of norms that the optimization of the heating of city apartments is achieved:
- Safety requirements determine that the temperature of the heat carrier in the heating system should be 20 degrees less than the temperature of materials that tend to ignite spontaneously. For buildings of multi-apartment residential type, the normative indicator of the coolant should be in the range from 65 to 115 degrees, taking into account the season;
- When water overheats to 105 degrees, measures must be taken against boiling liquid;
- The normative limit for the temperature of water flowing through heating batteries is 75 degrees. If this indicator is exceeded, the battery must have a restrictive design;
- The mid-latitude heating season begins in mid-October and ends in mid-April. In reality, service providers must initiate the start of heating from the moment when the average daily temperature is not higher than 8 degrees for five consecutive days.
Before going in search of heat, it should be remembered that the heat in the room will be supplied through the heating system only when the street temperature reaches a certain level.
Regulations require starting heating when the outside temperature is set to no more than 8 degrees. This temperature indicator must last five days in a row, and only after that the premises will begin to be heated.
When the heating in the house is established, and temperature deviations are observed only in your room, it is necessary to check the in-house heating system for airing.
It is enough to feel the individual batteries in the apartment from top to bottom, and vice versa. If part of the batteries is noticeably warm and the rest is cold, you can be sure that air is the cause of the thermal imbalance. Air is released using a separate valve, which is located on each radiator battery.
Before opening the tap, you should substitute some container under it. When you open the faucet, the water should come out with a characteristic hissing sound. If the water began to flow evenly and without hissing, then the air is released from the system, and the job is done.
After that, lock the valve in the closed position. After a while, check the cold places on the battery, they should warm up.
If the matter is not in the batteries and they are completely cold, you should contact the Criminal Code. The technician will come during the day. He will be able to draw up a conclusion on the temperature regime in the housing and call, if necessary, a team that will fix all the problems.
When the Criminal Code did not respond to the appeal you submitted or the appearance of the technician did not change the situation, you should take temperature measurements in the housing yourself by calling your neighbors.
When you have an instrument such as a pyrometer at your disposal, you should use it to take the necessary temperature measurements. Record all the data with an act on measuring the air temperature in the housing. It is compiled in the usual form. Let the neighbors sign the act.
You should pay attention to the fact that temperature regime determined by the "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises" SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00.
Recorded measurements should be compared with the limit values specified in SanPiN. Then you need to re-go to the Criminal Code and the organization that supplies the house with heat to write a written claim.
The document is drawn up in two copies. One of the copies should be in your hands with a stamp, signed with the data of the person who accepted the document and the date of receipt of the document. The second one must be submitted for consideration.
If you were not satisfied with the answer, then you do not need to leave everything halfway, proceed further. You should contact the district Prosecutor's Office and the Housing Inspectorate, since it is she who is authorized to monitor the work of the Criminal Code and other communal structures.
Also write a letter to Rospotrebnadzor (based on the violation of your consumer rights). Can be used hotline Rospotrebnadzor (8-80-010-000-04).
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o-nedvizhke.ru
The temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment, norm
The cold has come central heating turned on, but you don’t want to take off your favorite sweater? Find out what the temperature of the batteries in the apartment should be according to the norms.
As soon as the apartment becomes cooler, you start thinking about buying a heater. But no matter how ultra-modern it may be, it is still an additional cost. If, on top of everything, you have to pay impressive amounts for centralized heating, then it becomes quite sad. Therefore, at first, until the frost hits, you need to buy a thermometer and check whether the readings are really below normal.
How to measure the temperature of a heating battery
This is the first thing that comes to mind when, feeling the radiator, you realize that it is barely warm. There are also norms: at least 35-40 ° C, but not more than 95 degrees of heating of the coolant, and ideally - from 50 to 70 ° C. The easiest way to check is to unscrew the faucet, drain hot water and measure its temperature. If this is not possible, then an ordinary thermometer is applied to the radiator, adding a couple of degrees to the result. It is quite good to make such measurements with an infrared pyrometer.
What to do if the thermometer is broken in the apartment
As you can see, the accuracy of such measurements is relative. Therefore, it is better to monitor compliance with the rules for the microclimate in the apartment. In any residential building, the air must be heated to at least 18°C, of course, with the windows closed.
It should be a little warmer in the corner rooms - 20°C. From 12 midnight to 5 am, the indicators can decrease by 3 degrees, at other times of the day deviations are unacceptable. At the same time, the location of the apartment does not play a role, the main thing is that it is residential. Even in the basement should not be colder.
When should heating be turned on in apartments?
Cold batteries in the apartment, where to complain
They gave heating, but the batteries are cold, what should I do? If the temperature of the radiators in the apartment does not correspond to the norm, then you need to contact the executing organization. You can call, but it's better to go to the emergency dispatch service. To do this, it is necessary to state in writing all claims in two copies. One remains in service, and the other must put the incoming registration number.
After accepting the application, immediately, you need to specify the time when representatives of this organization will come to conduct an inspection. If the time is not agreed upon, then the commission must arrive no later than two hours after the request. Next, temperature measurements are taken and an appropriate act is drawn up. It is advisable to involve members of the public in signing. They have the right to sign the act if the opinions of the consumer and the performer differ.
How to choose batteries for central heating
Compensation for the provision of poor quality service
For a deviation from the norm, you can require a recalculation. For each "unheated" hour, the monthly payment for heating is reduced by 0.15%. It should be borne in mind that performers also have rules according to which they can take a break in the provision of services:
- a total of no more than 24 hours per month;
- no more than 16 consecutive hours at a room temperature of 12 - 18 degrees;
- no more than 8 - at 10 - 12 °C;
- no more than 4 - at 8 - 10 °C indoors.
If the performer did not drown in excess of this norm and, on the basis of the claim act, refuses to recalculate, then the consumer has the legal right to sue.
ecoblog.pro
The temperature of the radiators: how to sue for the cold in the apartment?
Heat / Heating batteries
Problems with heating during the heating season and the cold in the apartment can be a reason to go to court. By law, batteries must warm the room no lower than the temperature established by special regulations.
What should be the temperature in the apartment? Legal requirements
The temperature in the residential premises of an apartment building is determined by the "Rules for the provision of public services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings", as well as "GOST R 51617-2000. State standard of the Russian Federation. Housing and communal services. Are common specifications.»
The "Rules for the provision of public services" states that in residential premises the temperature should not be lower than +18 ° C (in corner rooms - +20 ° C). And in areas with the temperature of the coldest five-day period of -31 ° C and below, the air temperature in residential premises should not be lower than +20 ° C (in corner rooms - +22 ° C).
At night (from 00:00 to 05:00) the air temperature in the apartment can drop by no more than 4 °C. V daytime lowering the temperature below the standard level is not allowed.
At the same time, GOST R 51617-2000 (State standard of the Russian Federation. Housing and communal services. General technical conditions. Approved by the Decree of the State Standard of Russia dated June 19, 2000 N 158-st) establishes a minimum level of air temperature for certain types of premises in an apartment .
| room | Air temperature in rooms during the cold season, °C |
| Living room of an apartment or hostel | 18 (20) |
| The same, in areas with the temperature of the coldest five-day period (security 0.92) minus 31 ° C and below | 20 (22) |
| Kitchen of the apartment and hostel, cubic: | 18 |
| Drying cabinet for clothes and shoes in the apartment | - |
| Bathroom | 25 |
| Restroom individual | 18 |
| Combined restroom and bathroom | 25 |
| The same, with individual heating | 18 |
| Washroom | 18 |
| Shared shower room | 25 |
| Common restroom | 16 |
| Dressing room for cleaning and ironing clothes, washroom in the hostel | 18 |
| Vestibule, common corridor, anteroom in the apartment building, stairwell | 16 |
| Lobby, common corridor, stairwell in the hostel | 18 |
| Laundry room | 15 |
| Ironing, drying room in hostels | 15 |
| Storerooms for storing personal belongings, sports equipment; household and linen in the hostel | 12 |
| Isolation room in the hostel | 20 |
| Elevator machine room | 5 |
| Garbage chamber | 5 |
Notes: In the corner rooms of apartments and dormitories, the air temperature should be 2 °C higher than the specified
How to measure the temperature of the air in your apartment?
The current "Rules for the provision of public services" explain the situation as follows:
... Measurement of air temperature in residential premises is carried out in a room (if there are several rooms - in the largest living room), in the center of the planes spaced from the inner surface outer wall and the heating element by 0.5 m and in the center of the room (the point of intersection of the diagonal lines of the room) at a height of 1 m. measuring instruments must comply with the requirements of standards (GOST 30494-96) ...
What to do if the temperature in your apartment drops below normal?
If you find that your apartment is colder than required by law, you must notify your emergency dispatch service. The application can be made both in writing and orally (by phone call).
The duty officer is obliged to register your application and set the time for the verification.
The time for the inspection is appointed no later than 2 hours from the moment the consumer receives a message about the violation of the quality of the utility service, unless a different time is agreed with the consumer.
Upon completion of the audit, an audit report is drawn up. If in its course the fact of a violation of the quality of the utility service is established, then the inspection report indicates the date and time of the inspection, the identified violations of the quality parameters of the utility service, the methods (tools) used during the inspection to identify such violations, conclusions about the date and time of the beginning of the violation of the quality of the utility services.
Cold in the apartment: what compensation can you expect?
If no one comes to you, or comes, the acts are signed, but nothing changes, then you have a natural desire to influence the situation in more radical ways.
Before proceeding to review possible methods impact on public utilities, let's clarify what obligations the current legislation imposes on the heat supplier to a residential building.
The requirements for an allowable interruption in heat supply are formulated as follows (for details, see Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings, Appendix 1, Section VI):
- no more than 24 hours (in total) within 1 month;
- no more than 16 hours at a time - at an air temperature in residential premises from + 12 ° C to the standard temperature indicated in the table above;
- no more than 8 hours at a time - at an air temperature in residential premises from +10°С to +12°С;
- no more than 4 hours at a time - at an air temperature in residential premises from +8°С to +10°С
The responsibility of public utilities for violations of these requirements is as follows:
- for each hour of exceeding the permissible duration of a heating break, calculated in total for the billing period in which the specified excess occurred, the amount of the utility service fee for such a billing period is reduced by 0.15% of the fee determined for such a billing period.
Well, what if heat is supplied to the apartment, but the batteries do not heat the room? In this case, the following requirements are set:
- permissible decrease in the standard temperature at night (from 0.00 to 5.00 hours) - no more than 3 ° C from the level indicated above;
- decrease in air temperature in the living room during the daytime (from 5.00 to 0.00 hours) is not allowed
Responsibility for violation of these rules is established as follows:
- for each hour of deviation in the air temperature in the residential premises in total during the billing period in which the specified deviation occurred, the amount of the utility service fee for such a billing period is reduced by 0.15% of the fee determined for such a billing period for each degree of temperature deviation.
Thus, the current legislation allows:
- In case of disconnection of your batteries for each hour in excess of the permitted duration of disconnection of batteries (the terms are indicated above), collect 0.15% of the monthly (this is our settlement period) payment for heat
- If the apartment is cold, but the batteries still heat, then you can demand a reduction in the monthly heating fee by 0.15% for every hour when the temperature was below the standard.
The recalculation can be a significant amount. Let's count.
Suppose you pay about 3,000 rubles a month for heating your apartment in winter. You are tired of constantly freezing and, say, on December 3, you drew up an act stating that the temperature in your apartment does not exceed 15 degrees Celsius (determined based on the temperature in the largest room in terms of area).
However, within a month there was no response from the public utilities. The house is still cold. What will be the recalculation?
We take 27 days following the drawing up of the act. It will be 648 hours. We multiply this number of hours by 0.15%, we get a figure of 97.2%. For this amount, you must recalculate. It turns out - that you are actually not obliged to pay for heating if this service is not provided with high quality.
Naturally, no one will return this money to you voluntarily. You have to go to court.
What are the chances of winning a lawsuit about cold batteries in an apartment?
There are precedents that residents managed to achieve a recalculation of heating fees due to the cold in the apartment.
In particular, in 2014, in several court instances, a resident Perm Territory managed to recover from 136 thousand rubles in favor of the low temperature in the living room.
According to Rossiyskaya Gazeta, a resident of Gubakha, Natalia Alekseeva (surname changed), filed a lawsuit against the local management company in the spring of 2014, demanding 350,000 rubles from public utilities. She substantiated her statement by the fact that during the heating season of 2012-2013, as well as in winter next year The temperature in her apartment did not rise above 15 degrees. Meanwhile, according to the rules for the provision of public services, the air in residential premises should be warmed up to 18 degrees, and in corner rooms - up to 20.
Alekseeva invited employees of the Criminal Code to take her temperature. In total, such measurements were made ten times. And never once did they fit the bill. The plaintiff even noted in her statement to the court that because of the cold in the apartment she fell ill, and listed several diseases that brought her to the hospital.
Alekseeva did not stop complaining to various authorities, district and regional, trying to achieve a recalculation of utility bills. And in 2013, she even refused to pay for heating, believing that the money was taken from her unreasonably. The case then reached the world court, which issued an order to recover 31 thousand rubles of debt from Alekseeva. But this decision was overturned, as she was able to prove the improper provision of a service such as heating.
As a result, all attempts to resolve the problem peacefully failed. Claims with a request to recalculate the payment for heat were rejected. No compensation was offered to the woman. And then she went to court.
At the trial, representatives of the management company completely denied their involvement in the low temperatures in Alekseeva's apartment. They stated that there is no contract between them for the provision of such a service as heating, and the money for it does not go to their cash desk. Therefore, they did not recognize the demands made.
However, the Gubakhinsky City Court decided otherwise. The fact is that according to the management agreement for the apartment building where Alekseeva lives, the management company is obliged to provide services for water supply, sanitation and heating. According to the same document, payment for them should be made directly to resource-supplying organizations.
The management company, in addition, has an agreement with the local housing and communal services department on the supply of thermal energy. It states that this resource is intended for heating residential buildings, and the air temperature in them must comply with the standards.
Therefore, the court recognized Alekseeva's demands as legitimate, and all the objections of the Criminal Code as unfounded. The absence of a heating contract between them does not play any role, since this obligation of the communal organization is indicated in the contract for the management of an apartment building.
Taking into account that the management company could no longer argue the fact of poor-quality heat supply, the court granted the plaintiff's demands for the recovery of money. At the same time, Alekseeva is obliged to return 77 thousand rubles as a recalculation, in addition, a fine of half this amount and 20 thousand rubles as compensation for non-pecuniary damage. Total 136 thousand.
energovopros.ru
Housing and communal services in Russia
| Hello Xenia! First. The main factor characterizing the quality of heating is not the temperature of the batteries, but the air temperature in the rooms, which should be: - OPTIMAL - 20-22 degrees C for the whole of Russia; - MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE: - for the Central European part of Russia - not lower than 18 gr.С (in corner rooms - not lower than 20 gr.С); - for the North European part and Asian regions of Russia (areas where the temperature of the coldest five-day period (with a security of 0.92) is “minus” 31 ° C and below) - not lower than 20 ° C (in corner rooms - not lower than 22 ° C ); Second. If the temperature is lower than indicated - write, write, write to all authorities. Regarding the problem of heating, please contact in WRITTEN or by e-mail to the head of the house management company, and then to the State Housing Inspectorate, Rospotrebnadzor and the administration of the city (district, village) - in turn or to all at once. Ask a question - I will send an approximate text of the letter with links to the relevant NTD. The third is a specific answer to your question about the temperature of the batteries. The temperature of the batteries of the heating system must not be lower than that indicated in the temperature chart approved by the city administration. What is a temperature chart? This is a table that indicates which INLET AND OUTLET water temperature of a HOUSE HEATING SYSTEM should be maintained depending on the actual outdoor temperature, taking into account specific local conditions. These schedules are developed by specialists based on the requirement that during the cold season in living rooms optimum temperature, equal to 20 - 22 gr.S, for which we pay our hard-earned money. Further, as an example, some figures are given from a typical temperature graph of heating after a heating point of a residential building for a one-pipe heating system with radiators according to the bottom-up scheme for cities with an estimated outdoor temperature of 15 degrees C (Moscow, Voronezh, Orel, etc. ) at a design (design) water temperature difference of 105/70°C: (accepted abbreviations: Тnv - actual outdoor air temperature gr.С; Тpr - direct water temperature gr.С, Tobr - return water temperature, gr.С) At Тnv + 5 gr.C Tpr. = 50, Tobr. = 40 At Тnv 0 gr.С Тpr. = 65, Tobr. \u003d 48 At Tnv - 5 gr. C Tpr. = 79, T arr. \u003d 56 At Tnv -10 gr. C Tpr. = 92, Tobr. \u003d 63 At Tnv - 15 gr. C Tpr. = 105, Tobr. \u003d 70 As you can see, at an outdoor temperature of 21 ° C, the water temperature at the inlet to the radiators on the 1st floor of the house (with a single-pipe heating system) should be 105 ° C! Further, the water, rising up the floors, and then going down, on each battery should be cooled by 2-3.5 degrees C. Even if your apartment is located on the 1st floor of 5 storey building on the "descending" (reverse) riser, the temperature at the inlet to the battery should be about 65 - 70 degrees C. The temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of each battery depends on many factors: on the heating scheme (one-pipe or two-pipe), on the type and area of the battery, the state of its internal surface (pollution), on the actual water flow through the battery, etc. If the actual temperatures of the batteries are Your apartment is below those indicated in the temperature chart, this indicates a clear “underheating” in the boiler room (at a CHPP) and / or insufficient water consumption in the heating system! Request a temperature schedule from the organizations listed in the “Second” section and control whether the heat supply organization and the management company comply with it. Refer to the following for your requirements. documents: - on the Federal Law Russian Federation"On heat supply" dated July 27, 2010 No. 190-FZ: art. 6, part 1, item 6; Art. 23, part 3, item 7; Art. 20, part 5; Art. 29, part 3. - on “Rules and norms technical operation housing stock” (approved by the Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 No. 170), clauses 5.2.1, 5.2.3 and Appendix 11. Fourth. You have the right (and should!) demand a recalculation of the heating fee if the air temperature in at least one room is below 18 degrees C (for the northern and eastern regions of Russia - below 20 degrees C). This is established by paragraph 15 of Appendix 1 of the "Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of May 6, 2011). The amount of recalculation runs up to a very decent amount, up to a complete “exemption” from payment! Fifth. Please open the section "Articles" → " Helpful information”- and there you can, perhaps, find many articles with information on a topic of interest to you - about heating, up to letter templates for recalculating fees, etc. If you tell which city you live in, how many floors in the house, on which floor is your apartment, what is the heating system of the house (one-pipe or two-pipe) - I will try to give you more specific figures for heating your apartment .. Good luck and 20 degrees of heat in the apartment! | Kalnin Yuri |
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Standards for heat supply in apartment buildings are set by the state. The documentation indicates the climatic conditions that should be in the cold season.
Based on this, the cost of utilities is determined. It is important for citizens to know the norms, because no one will deceive them.
The level of heating in apartments is regulated by the following documentation:
- GOST 30494-96. It records microclimate levels in residential buildings. It determines the optimal and acceptable levels;
- SP 23-101-2004. The document specifies the rules that builders must take into account when building a house. This allows you to create an optimal microclimate in housing;
- SNiP 23-01-99. Defines hygiene rules;
- SNiP 31-01-2003. Sets the internal temperature level.
Based on this documentation, different types premises.
Residential buildings belong to the first category. Temperature and humidity are optimal only if they create the conditions for normal human life.
There are parameters that cause discomfort, but they are considered acceptable. The air temperature should be equal to +20 degrees and above, and the humidity should not exceed 80%.
Cold in the apartment
Although the heating norms are clearly stated in the law, nevertheless, in the cold season, many residents complain about the cold. What is the reason?
This may be due to the deterioration of engineering communications. The equipment is out of order and no longer performs its former functions. In many rooms it is not changed, but simply repaired.
In this case, doing overhaul central heating systems. But residents do not address these issues.
There is another way to fix the problem - including in apartment building additional sources. The latest development is heating gas boilers and underfloor heating system.
What is in the regulations
In relation to heating, the following data is indicated in the legislation:
- The heating season begins with a decrease in the average daily street temperature to +8 degrees. If this is observed for about 5 days, then space heating is necessary. The heating season ends with an increase in temperature to +8;
- The minimum temperature is set according to the type of room. Its definition must be carried out in every room. The thermometer is located 1 meter from the walls and 1.5 meters from the floor;
- Hot water should be supplied to the house during the year, and its temperature should be from +50 to +70. Deviations are only possible by 4 degrees. If these rules are violated, then tenants are entitled to a reduction in utility bills by 0.15%.
Citizens need to write a statement about lowering the temperature of water or heating. It is submitted to the controlling organization. Upon verification, an act is drawn up. Violations must be corrected within 7 days.
The legislation prescribes the obligation of companies to supply heat during the heating period. The accident cannot last more than 16 hours. At this time, the temperature should be normal.
Standards principles
Laws establish norms that must be observed by public utilities. Regional leaders can make changes based on the climate. This is established by the local authorities with the help of relevant documents.
What to do if the standards are not met in an apartment building? Residents have the right to contact regulatory authorities.
A draft law is currently in force, according to which the maximum tariff indices are determined. This is determined by various factors, including local conditions.
Humidity
There are standards not only for heating in the house but also for humidity. This indicator can change in the apartment due to various factors, for example, due to a malfunction of the ventilation. The problem should be solved by communal institutions.
V winter time humidity should be in the range of 30-45%, but 60% is acceptable. And the temperature norms are +18+24 degrees. There are no standards for humidity in the kitchen and bathroom, since these rooms have operational features.
Heat calculation
Knowing the principles of calculation, you can determine the cost of heating in the house. The rules are established by the administration of the settlement on the basis of standards. They are used to determine the amount of payment.
Regulations are usually in effect for about 3 years. If there is an increase, then it will definitely justify. The municipal service appeals to the administration about the increase in the cost of heating. If the offer corresponds to reality, then the tariffs increase.
Heat supply rules are set in gigacalories. The calculation takes into account:
- Climate;
- Average temperature parameters;
- Type of premises;
- materials;
- The quality of engineering structures.
If earlier the payment from tenants was taken only for the resources spent, now there are general house needs. T Now you have to pay for heating entrances, basements. Payments are mandatory for everyone.
Every tenant has the right to reduce costs. To do this, you need to insulate the apartment and install your own meter. In this case, the payment will be charged only for the resources personally spent.
Equipment can be installed by those organizations that have a license for this type of work. The device is sealed by controlling companies.
Heat carrier temperature measurement
The heating system is powered by hot water. It is she who is considered a coolant. To independently measure the temperature in a glass, you need to collect hot water and place a thermometer in it. The temperature should be in the range of 50-70 degrees.
There are other methods for measuring heat. Temperature detection is carried out near pipes or radiators.
For this, an infrared thermometer-pyrometer is used. An alcohol thermometer is suitable, which must be put on the pipe and covered with insulation.
There is more sophisticated equipment - an electric thermometer. It is applied to the pipe, fixed and measured. Each device has a scale of deviations.
Types of radiators
Often, radiators need to be replaced to improve the heating system. When buying, you must consider the following nuances:
- For multi-storey buildings better choose cast iron radiator. The device does not deteriorate from bad water. Devices are steady against pressure and hydroblows;
- Suitable for such houses bimetal radiators. The device is made of steel, aluminum and copper. The equipment is protected from shock and corrosion;
- TO closed systems better choose aluminum radiator. The device has original design and high heat transfer. Due to its low inertness, it is used together with thermoregulation;
- Quality are steel radiators. They weigh a little and have an unusual design.
Heating systems are replaced by competent organizations. Before choosing equipment, you need to consult about what is suitable for your home.
After that, a system health check is performed. During a major overhaul, meters can be installed immediately. This will help control utility bills.
Are the apartments cold? We talk about how to determine that you may be accused of providing a poor-quality service, what to do and how to correct the situation.
The heating season has come, the amounts in the receipts are growing, and the batteries are getting warmer. But it is still cold in many apartments. This is one of the most painful topics - the service is expensive, and the tenants are ready to act at the slightest doubt. Special documents clearly define the temperature of the radiators in the apartment and the norms of air temperatures in different rooms.
Temperature of batteries in the apartment: norms according to GOST
heating season period
Only residents of houses with autonomous system heating. All others connected to the centralized heating system must rely on the decision of the local government.
Of course, they can't set it up as precisely as the residents of the same house - it's not for nothing that every spring and autumn all news sites are filled with articles "When will the heating finally be turned on / off?"
Specific dates in each region depend on weather conditions: according to the regulations, during the heating period of 2018-2019, it is necessary that the average daily street temperature be below 8 ° C for 5 days in a row. Heating can be turned off again if the temperature is above 8°C, also for 5 days.
In addition, there is also a small “emergency reserve” according to the norms for turning off heating in winter. It can be turned off, remaining within the current regulations, for a period not exceeding 24 hours in total, within one month. At the same time, heating can be turned off for a period of 4 to 16 hours, depending on the air temperature in residential premises - if the apartment is + 12 ° C, for a period of no more than 16 hours, and if + 8 - up to 4 hours.
How to measure the temperature in the apartment during the heating season
Residents can measure their own temperature with a household thermometer. It is necessary to comply with simple requirements: check for drafts, whether the windows are well closed and interior doors. The temperature should be measured in a meter from the radiators, standing on the "street" wall, at a height of one meter from the floor.
It is better to do this in the evening or in the morning - during the day the sun, which warmed up the room, can greatly blur the picture.
The optimum temperature that should be in the apartment is 20-22 °C.
- Type of room Optimal, °C Acceptable, °C
- Living room 20-22 / 18
- Kitchen 22-23 / 20
- Toilet 19-21/18
- Bathroom and combined bathroom 24-26 / 18
- Premises for rest and study 20-22 / 18
- Inter-apartment corridor 18-20 / 16
- Vestibule, stairwell 16-18 / 12
- Storerooms 16-18 / 14
Moreover, in the corner rooms the temperature should be higher - at least 20 ° C.
Where to go if the temperature is below normal
If the tenants independently record “underheating”, that is, the temperature drops below 18 ° C in the living rooms, they have the right to contact the management company to draw up an act. Moreover, they have the right to apply both in writing (write a statement) and orally (call). The duty officer must register the appeal and set the time for the inspection. According to the rules, an inspection is scheduled no later than 2 hours from the moment of the appeal about the violation of the quality of the utility service, unless another time is agreed with the applicant.
The check must be carried out with a special thermometer. The requirements for it are explained in GOST 30494-2011. The device must be necessarily with technical documentation - have a special certificate, which the inspectors are required to present upon request. If there is no such certificate, then the owner of the apartment may refuse to check and require the use of proper equipment. The temperature is measured in several rooms.
After verification, an act is drawn up, which contains:
- date;
- housing parameters;
- list of commission members;
- instrument indicators;
- temperature;
- signatures of committee members.
The act is drawn up in several copies: one remains with the applicant, the others - with the specialists who conducted the check.
This act is evidence of violations in the provision of public services. With him, the tenant can file complaints and demand from the management company compliance with the conditions for the provision of utilities.
A complaint to a utility service provider may contain a demand for recalculation of heating fees, compensation for harm, or even a requirement to install additional heating radiators - there are such cases, recently a resident of Tver managed to install additional batteries in an apartment.
When filing a complaint in two copies, accompanied by an act, the incoming number and date are affixed to one, the second is transferred to the secretary of the organization.
If the applicant does not have heating in the apartment and after the complaint, he has the right to redirect it to higher authorities:
- Regional Housing Inspectorate;
- Prosecutor's Office;
- Rospotrebnadzor.
It is important to remember that appeal to higher authorities can be carried out not only after consideration of the claim in the primary instance. At this point, the document can be sent to multiple addresses in parallel.
In addition, having an act, the tenant can apply to the court with a claim for reimbursement of the costs incurred and compensation for damage.
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