Canadian technology for the construction of a log house in a special bowl. Srub. Canadian felling of a log house: how to do it yourself Technology of Canadian felling of wooden houses

On the one hand, the design seems to be not the most complicated. On the other hand, few people work with the Canadian bowl. Why?

Because it’s not enough to just make a trapezoidal bowl shape, cut a spike on the top log and a groove on the bottom one. It is necessary to optimally calculate all dimensions so that the parts of the castle fit as tightly as possible to each other. Otherwise, all the advantages of such a bowl will come to naught.

And only real professionals who have been working with hand-cut logs for years can cope with this task. At the same time, such a high-quality connection can be made only with the help of an excellent professional tool, which is quite expensive and not everyone has it.

What is the main plus of felling a log house into a Canadian bowl?

In tightness corner connections after house shrinkage. Unlike the classic Russian bowl, such a connection of logs does not dry out after shrinkage. It is still tight!

It turns out that the joints of logs in the Canadian bowl do not need repeated caulking? This is partly true. But not really!

It is impossible to predict how a tree will behave when it dries out. Therefore, it cannot be guaranteed that the Canadian bowl completely eliminates the need for subsequent caulking.

But it can be guaranteed that the amount of work on caulking after the shrinkage of the house will be minimal and experienced craftsmen will cope with the task very quickly.

Probably, many people dreamed of their own small country house, built from a wooden frame. Such huts will look great both on their own and will be a great addition. landscape design. In addition, log buildings have excellent thermal insulation. You can build such a house with the help of several technologies, among which the Canadian felling is the most popular. And this is not surprising, because winters in Canada are very cold and snowy, so Canadians certainly know a lot about building warm and cozy houses.

general information

Canadian felling, the technology of which will be described in the article below, is distinguished by its quality and practically has no drawbacks. It was invented about 50 years ago and during this time it has become widespread throughout the world. This is due to the fact that the technology is completely based on manual labor and does not require the use of specialized equipment, so the cost of log houses is relatively low. However, in order for the house to turn out to be of high quality, warm and durable, it is necessary to have certain skills and knowledge, because when installing logs, every millimeter is important.

Material selection

Before you figure out what principle Canadian felling houses are built on, you need to talk about the choice of materials. This is very important because the logs must meet certain standards. Their diameter at the top of the trunk must be at least 30 centimeters. This is due to the fact that their thickness after shrinkage and shrinkage of the structure will decrease. In addition, the larger the diameter of the logs, the better the building will retain heat. However, this material is more expensive. Therefore, when choosing building material you should take into account your financial capabilities.

As for the length, the Canadian cabin, the photo of which looks simply amazing, involves the use of logs 14 meters long. It is allowed to build houses from a log house of greater length, however, in this case, the joining of the logs must be carried out with screw ties, and the joints must be closed with a transverse wall without fail.

A few words about wood species

The best material for houses built according to Canadian technology, are coniferous trees that are highly resistant to moisture and have a high resin content. Such houses will not be afraid of any climatic conditions. In addition, structures made of these types of wood will last for very long years.

In our country, for the construction of buildings using Canadian cutting technology, the following types of trees are used:

• Pine has a high density and has a high resin content, so houses made of this tree will last for a long time, even if they are not lined with anything.
• Larch in its density and amount of resin content surpasses even pine, so it is not only not afraid of moisture, but also not subject to decay.
• Cedarwood is valued for its antiseptic properties.

These types of wood are considered traditional for houses built according to the Canadian felling, so it is best to use them.

Construction technology

Canadian felling of houses, the designs of which can be very diverse, is an ideal option for the construction of buildings from round logs in regions with severe climatic conditions and very frosty winters. Logs and insulation are stacked in such a way that the structure does not require cladding, retains heat well and eliminates the presence of drafts.

The logs are joined together according to the "thorn-groove" principle. The spike is directed downwards, thereby achieving higher thermal insulation. The groove is cut in the same shape as the spike. Due to the identical shape of the thorn and groove, the logs are firmly fixed to each other, and after the wood has dried and the building has shrunk, there are no gaps between them. To prevent the penetration of cold air and moisture at the joints of the logs, a heater is placed in the cup.

Canadian felling of log cabins when cutting a cup involves cutting a log at an angle of 45 degrees. In this case, the radius of inclination may slightly increase or decrease depending on the thickness of the logs. To achieve maximum fit of logs to each other after shrinkage, a small gap about 3 centimeters thick is hollowed out in the cup.

The size of the landing part of the spike depends on the width of the landing gap. Its minimum width is 9 centimeters. However, when cutting it, you need to try to ensure that it matches the groove in its shape.

Canadian cutting is based on these rules. A project built using this technology will last for several decades and will retain heat perfectly without replacing the insulation material.

Canadian and Russian felling: what are the differences

The Russian technology of erecting log houses differs from the Canadian one in that in it the shape of the nest has the same shape as the log, while in Canadian felling the bowl is trapezoidal. Thus, when joining logs according to Russian technology, gaps will form between them, which will have to be sealed, and this takes a lot of time.

However, the owner of a house built using Russian cutting technology will face the main problem approximately in the third year of operation of the building after it sits down. Quite large gaps will appear between the logs, which will have to be caulked. The Canadian cabin is free from this drawback, so the house will remain warm and protected from drafts for a long period of time.

The second significant difference lies in the ease of construction. Russian logging requires quite a lot of time and physical costs, since it involves multi-stage harvesting and processing of materials, as well as too complex technology for laying logs. Canadian technology is simpler, because there is nothing superfluous in it.

Benefits of Canadian felling

1. The processing of materials and the construction of the building are carried out entirely by hand, so the quality of the house can be controlled at all stages of construction.
2. Excellent thermal insulation. Due to the special technology of fastening logs and the absence of gaps between them, heat loss is minimized.
3. Canadian cutting allows the use of logs that are not peeled, which will provide better thermal insulation and additional protection from external factors and pests.
4. After laying the logs and completing the construction of the house, the aesthetic appearance of the tree is preserved, thanks to which the buildings look very beautiful even without cladding.
5. The technology is very simple, so people who do not have a construction education and similar work experience can master it.

In addition to all of the above, this construction technology is universal, therefore it allows you to implement any projects.

If you do not have any experience in construction and you have not trained as a carpenter, then when working with logs and creating a castle, it is recommended to use a saw and a chisel. First, notches are made on the log, after which all the excess is simply hollowed out. In order for all the locks to turn out to be of high quality, and the joints to be reliable, it is recommended to make a template in advance, according to which you will do all the work.

Conclusion

Canadian cabin - one of the best construction technologies, with which you can build a reliable, warm, cozy and durable log house. At the same time, during construction, you can independently control all processes, which will allow you to carefully work out everything to the smallest detail and create your dream home. During operation, the most important thing is to follow certain instructions and observe safety precautions.

Cutting technologies originated and developed in different countries almost simultaneously. They had many similarities, but there were also differences. The craftsmen studied the experience of their foreign colleagues, adopted the best - this is how the technology of Canadian felling appeared, combining the best features of Norwegian and Russian felling. Many log houses today are built using this technology. Let's get to know her better.

Canadian felling is done by hand. This is a laborious process, so you can’t call it cheap. But on the other hand, the owner of the log house receives many advantages that fully pay off all the costs.

Distinctive features of technology

Like other types of cutting, the Canadian has its own specific traits. The main feature is a groove of a special shape, with a hidden spike (tail tail), a bowl and an external groove. For a clear match of the elements of each log, it is necessary to cut the groove very accurately. The master must have not only experience, but also a special set of professional tools - a special compass for marking and an electric saw with which wood is selected.

Manual felling requires professionalism, impeccable knowledge of technology and many years of practice from the builder. Such craftsmen work in the construction company SPK Russian Izba. How we cut log cabins according to the Canadian method: a groove with notches is cut in the upper part of the log. A spike is carefully cut out on the bottom of the log. During the shrinkage of this design, the original “locks” self-lock, and the structure is very strong, without cracks and gaps. Let us consider in more detail all stages of the construction of Canadian log cabins.

Read also about Canadian technology

Sequence of work

The first stage of any construction is the procurement of material. We will not linger on it, because our other materials are devoted to the harvesting and drying of logs. Let's start with the stage of log selection and processing.

Before building a house using Canadian technology, you need to remember that the slightest violation of technology nullifies all the advantages of such log cabins. Therefore, do not take risks by contacting an unverified company. Masters guarantee you high quality at a reasonable price.

Canadian felling prices

Many will agree with the statement that wooden house there is a magical atmosphere. Such a “hut” seems to have come out of a fairy tale, and looks quite harmonious both in the forest and in the suburbs of the metropolis. If you want to create just such a home, you should use the Canadian felling method. About a decade ago, few people heard about this method, but today Canadian felling is quite common. It is noteworthy that in Canada this method has been used since the 70s of the last century, and, therefore, the technology has been time-tested.

Material selection

Canadian felling of houses involves the use of logs that meet specific standards. Experts insist on the use of logs with a diameter of at least 30 cm at the top. This condition must be met in connection with the specifics of shrinkage and shrinkage of the entire log structure. A larger diameter can be used at the request of the customer - the thicker the log, the fewer crowns are needed for the log structure, which, of course, will have a positive effect on the preservation of heat in the future house. The thick log guarantees thermal insulation of the corner cups.

The length of the logs used can be 14m. In the process of erecting walls that exceed this parameter in length or according to design needs, docking can be carried out using screw ties. In addition, the docking site must be closed with a transverse wall of the cut. It turns out that for wide-area projects, with the help of different lengths of harvested logs, it is possible to erect buildings of any shape and size. It is important to choose the right logs for quality, diameter and length.

In the process of building wooden cottages by Canadian felling, only wood is used coniferous varieties. This is due to the high resistance of coniferous wood to moisture. environment. Such a house will not be destroyed either in wet weather, or in rain or snow. Such wood contains many resins, in addition, it has a high density.

Can be used:

• pine. It is traditionally used for the construction of log cabins. The level of its resinousness and high density guarantee the durability of the structure, and the attractive amber shade of timber makes it possible to leave the cottage without cladding.
• larch. Its strength is 30% higher than that of pine. The resin content is also higher, so it is more resistant to microbial attack. This wood is a good option for baths
• cedar (cedar pine) is a natural antiseptic. Since ancient times, people have noticed that this wood heals those who live in the house.
• red Canadian cedar.

Technology

Canadian felling, the technology of which is excellent when you need a log cabin with a round log, perfectly protects against drafts. Also, this type of felling makes it possible not to think about the constant refilling of the log house. After all, the technology itself assumes the absence of gaps.

The Canadian log house is built using the tongue-and-groove technology. The groove is a Canadian cup, it faces downwards, as a result of which additional protection against drafts and moisture is guaranteed. The groove is trapezoidal in shape, and the spike coinciding with it is wedge-shaped. This is what prevents the cups from opening during shrinkage with the formation of cracks (as in the case of Russian felling), but “wedged” the logs one on top of the other. It is worth noting that neither moisture nor air comes into contact with the insulation in the bowl, which means that it retains all its properties.

In the process of forming the Canadian cup, a two-sided log cut is used at an angle of 45-50 degrees. However, the accuracy of the angle is determined by a specialist for specific logs and adjusted manually. Two diameters of the log itself (often 60 cm) are taken as the length of the notch. It is very important to align the lines of the notches with the line of pairing of the cups, to ensure the integrity of the logs.

As a guarantee of perfect abutment and “jamming” of the log in the groove and cups during shrinkage, it is worth leaving a special saddle gap of approximately 25 mm. This process is called hanging logs - underscribing or drawing with magnification.

Experts distinguish two types of bowl (lock):

• classic with two veneers at the top
• diamond or diamond notch, which has four notches, two on top and two on the bottom. Quite similar to a Norwegian castle, only on a round log.

In the Canadian felling, there are log releases at the places of corner joints, which are called “corners”. Such releases are issued different ways: smooth end, along the radius, in a run, figured / curvilinear. The use of logs in the corners of the butt "skirts" allows you to give an attractive style log houses that highlights the uniqueness and natural beauty natural architecture.

Why it is worth building according to the Canadian felling

There are a number of reasons why it is worth building buildings using Canadian technology:

• this method obliges builders to pick and process each log by hand. Even the planing and skinning of logs has to be done by specialists, not by machines, which makes it possible to choose the highest quality material and achieve its best condition for construction. Thus, a log prepared for a Canadian felling compares favorably with a rounded one.
• heat saving is the main concept for this technology. For this reason, even cups for insulation and grooves are selected manually to ensure the most accurate fit.
• due to the peculiarities of fitting logs, it is possible to erect a log house in such a way that it looks like a continuous array without joints, gaps, gaps. The insulation is not visible either from the outside or from the inside, and the second “caulk” is not needed
• Canadian log cutting assumes that in the process of forming walls, the outer layer of the tree is not removed, this guarantees the building additional bioprotection and protection against freezing
• the wood layer is an obstacle to damage by microorganisms, and also saves the material from destruction from ultraviolet radiation, burnout. This means that the tree does not change its color under the sun and its properties over time.
• the log retains natural curves, the natural shape and structure of the surface, thus some artificiality is removed from the log house
• using this technology, a special microclimate is formed in the house, as a result of which the level of comfort and coziness increases. The bathhouse looks very advantageous - Canadian felling makes it possible to save the maximum number of properties of the original tree for this room.

Disadvantages of Canadian felling

Of the shortcomings, it is worth highlighting:

• possible errors arising from the fact that the crowns are selected by eye without special measurements
• inexperienced craftsmen may not symmetrically mount horizontal crowns
• only experienced craftsmen can build using Canadian technology
• high price.

Canadian technologies for the construction of sustainable and ecological houses for last years gained significant popularity. This is partly due to the naturalness and energy-saving function of such buildings. Prefabricated structures are also popular due to their economy with simplified assembly techniques. Against this background, the North American logging technology deserves attention. Despite its relevance in our time, the basic principles for the implementation of such houses were laid back in the middle of the last century. Another thing is that the Canadian technology of cutting log cabins has been significantly improved in our time. Among the advantages of this approach to construction, the same natural design, energy-saving advantages and, most importantly, reliability and durability stand out.

General information about technology

This method of forming a house is also called cutting into a bowl. According to the general features of construction, the technology can be attributed to varieties of traditional Russian felling. Moreover, it comes from Russia with its roots, but it has not taken root in our country, and Canadian masters have improved it and have been using it for more than a decade. Also, modern builders from Russia took a different look at the advantages that felling a log house using Canadian technology has, and are increasingly using this technique in their work. Among the features of this cutting method, one can note the complexity of the design. If classical log cabins are mainly formed according to the technique of simple laying of elements, then the installation configuration according to the Canadian method is highly accurate and thoughtful. Of course, it is painstaking installation that ultimately makes it possible to obtain high-strength houses that are not subject to biological destruction processes.

What is the difference from the Norwegian felling

Similar climatic conditions in Scandinavia and Canada led to a lot in common in approaches to construction. Therefore, the two technologies have more similarities than differences. For example, both methods make it possible to form a dense self-locking frame. Canadian felling, like Norwegian felling, is carried out without the use of nails, so the responsibility of architects designing such a house also increases.

But there are also significant differences. The main one is the use of large logs, the diameter of which can reach 50 cm. In the case of a Norwegian log house, a well-prepared gun carriage is more often used. Another distinguishing nuance lies in the technique of forming corners. North American builders use saddle cutting, which just ensures density in fitting logs. Largely due to this feature, Canadian log cabins are more popular. A photo with an example of fitting logs is presented below.

Markup execution

During the construction process, you should use a special tool that will improve the accuracy of the formation of the log house. This is a hammer, which has two sharp rods, with the help of which the contours of the future bowl are outlined. Carpenters call this tool a trait, but there are other names. The marking itself should be strictly guided by the terms of reference, which will be implemented by the Canadian felling of the log house. Projects, except for layouts, may take into account different parameters of the bowl. Of course, for buildings of a large area, these dimensions will increase - and vice versa. Markup should begin with determining the parameters of the logs. Next, you need to number each whip, which will eliminate the possibility of errors in further laying.

Creating a "saddle"

The base of the "bowl" is the "saddle" in which the logs are placed. It should also be noted that each joint must initially have a special spike. Outwardly, it may seem that the classic thorn-groove mounting technique is being implemented, but this is not entirely true, since the joint is performed by bringing together rounded planes - that is, through “saddles”. If you do Canadian felling of log cabins with your own hands, then you can make calculations according to a simplified scheme. For example, in determining the depth of the “saddle”, one should focus on the radius of the log, which will subsequently be laid in this niche. This forms an organic masonry with a tight connection of logs. In this case, it is necessary to retreat from the edge of at least 25 cm, and the marking of the “saddle” itself should be done with a sharp nail or since ordinary pens and markers are easily erased.

Cutting methods

In the process of cutting, it is necessary to use a high-quality tool, which can be a sharp cleaver or a chainsaw. Professional companies use special equipment for this task, which also makes it possible to form the contours of the “bowl” that are almost ideal in size. However, even in the homeland of technology, Canadian hand felling is more often used. How to make the base of the log house in this way? In the lower crown, a spike should be cut down along the central part of the “bowl”. A groove is made in the upper part in the same way. Further, during the assembly process, a heat insulator will be laid in these places. The fitted crowns are again dismantled in order to complete the overlay circle. On the final stage the crowns are assembled so that the "bowls" are oriented downwards.

Tightness as a feature of the Canadian log house

In the process of designing and building a Canadian log house, it is important to be prepared for the fact that the technique of its formation itself will not provide an adequate level of airtightness. In other words, increased tightness excludes even the slightest ventilation in the walls. In this case, the dignity of the house in the form high density turns into a disadvantage. The only way to remedy the situation would be to introduce forced ventilation equipment into the log house. Loose fit of logs immediately after construction should not be embarrassing - the shrinkage process eliminates the smallest cracks and seals the log house. Canadian felling, like most construction technologies wooden houses, involves the implementation of additional thermal insulation, which also reduces the possibility for natural ventilation.

Types of logs used

Do not think that the technology is a solution of the same type with no possibility of making adjustments. The largest space for individual choice is precisely the variety of the main material - logs. Or rather, methods of preparing wood. I must say that Canadian technology requires considerable investment in building materials, so there will be an opportunity to save money. However, you should start with the optimal solution for those who do not want to save on quality. In this case, it is worth preferring a cycled log. Such material retains the natural shape of the surface, which increases the aesthetic value of the log house. Drawing crowns in this design is performed with minimal tolerances, duplicating the complex shape of the elements.

No less attractive is the option of planed logs. All external flaws and defects of the log are smoothed out, which simplifies the drawing process. This is a durable and high-quality processed log, which is inferior to the scraped log only in aesthetic merits. If Canadian cutting of log cabins is planned with minimum investment, then it is worth using a planed log, in which the drawing is performed in one approach. However, the tolerances of the "bowls" with grooves in this case increase, which may require caulking.

For beginners in working with log cabins, professional carpenters recommend using a saw for notches in the process of processing logs, and then remove the excess with a chisel. Be sure to have a ready-made log with a correctly made "bowl" in service - this will be an example that you can focus on in your work. In the absence of a reference log, in some cases tin templates are used, which will reduce the risk of inaccurate processing. But in any case, each crown must be additionally checked by level. There are other subtleties in Canadian felling that should be kept in mind. So, if an extra layer was removed during processing, this does not mean that the log becomes unusable. To replenish a few millimeters will allow a layer of insulation that will lie between the logs.

Benefits of Canadian felling

All the advantages of technology are revealed already during the operation of the house. Among them, one can single out the lack of reliability of a dense structure, durability and decorative qualities of a log house. By the way, outwardly the joints look unusual and even resemble patterns. Close mixing of wooden elements also affects the energy-saving function of the house. Heating costs are minimized if high-quality insulation was also performed during construction.

Disadvantages of Canadian felling

The construction process cannot be classified as easy, so inexperienced craftsmen often have problems. This applies to both marking and the process of laying logs. The construction itself requires serious costs if high-quality wood material is to be used. If you use cheap raw materials, then the operational advantages that such a log house should have are more likely to be leveled. Canadian felling allows you to provide good protection from the cold, but only due to the tightness of the structure. As already noted, this nuance does not have the best effect on the ventilation of the house. Structurally, it is impossible to get rid of this drawback during the construction process, therefore, they solve the problem by additionally supplying ventilation systems.

Conclusion

There are many construction techniques. Many of them have many common technological methods, thanks to which a durable, economical in maintenance and simply beautiful log house is obtained. Canadian felling, in turn, has its own unique features. They are mainly expressed in achieving a high degree of joint density, which ultimately ensures both the durability of the house and the optimal microclimate in its premises. At the same time, the technology does not exclude other advantages of wooden structures. These include environmental friendliness, a variety of planning configurations and undemanding maintenance.