How to cut a pipe at 45 degrees. Cutting pipes at an angle: advantages and disadvantages of different methods. Precision cutting machines

When installing a pipeline, quite often you have to cut the pipe at an angle. Moreover, the angle should have just the degree that is needed for the design. If the corner is not made correctly, it is unrealistic to make exactly the dimensions of the pipeline that were supposed to be done. For example, the pipe will rotate 45 degrees during installation, therefore, you need to know how to cut the pipe at 45 degrees. To do this, we need marking tools, a grinder or a hacksaw.

Marking with a sheet of paper

One of the easiest ways is to mark the corner with a piece of paper. square sheet fold strictly diagonally. We take the pipe and wrap it with a folded page so that the edges of the diagonals are against each other. So, on the smaller side of the page, we ended up with a 45 degree angle. We take any marking tool and mark the place of the future pipe cut along the page line. So that the markings are not accidentally erased, it is possible to use narrow tape. This marking method is convenient for a long pipe of huge diameter, and the cut point of which is somewhere in the middle.

Use of a water container

What to do if we are dealing with a pipe of small diameter, and you need to cut the pipe at an angle somewhere near the edge? A deep container filled with water will come to the rescue. Before starting work, you need to calculate the angle of inclination and make a mark on the container. Then we just have to carefully lower the edge of the pipe into the water and tilt it to the mark on the container. We remove the pipe, mark the line of contact with the water, and boldly cut along the markings. This method is optimal when marking a huge number of pipes. A ready-made template from a container of water will speed up the process of our work.

Computer program to help

I would also like to consider a markup method using computer program. This is a super complicated way for those who are not used to working with a computer. It requires knowledge of a PC, the availability of programs for sweeps and drawings. We begin work with the execution of the drawing, indicating the size of the circle and the slope. We make the so-called virtual template.

After that, using the printer, we print the image on a sheet of paper. The larger the diameter of the pipe, the more pages with markup will be. We cut out all the parts of the drawing with scissors and, using adhesive tape, glue them together. The finished template is applied to the pipe, and we make markings along the edge of the paper. This method of marking is considered one of the most correct. If the computer does not have such programs, it is possible to use the Internet. On the network it is possible to download a pattern for marking. It also needs to be printed on a printer and cut out. We wrap the finished pattern near the pipe and make markings.

If the pipe is profiled

But, for example, we have a profile pipe, not a round one. Manual marking of a profile pipe can lead to a huge error. The best way out of this situation will be a template made from a profile with a larger diameter. Let's take a small piece of a profile pipe and use a goniometer to mark an angle of 45 degrees. We cut off according to the markings with a grinder and grind the edges so that during work we do not get hurt on the burrs. Then we just have to insert a profile of a smaller diameter into the template and, after marking, cut it off.

In this article, we looked at how to cut a pipe at 45 degrees. Using one of the methods listed above, make a markup and make a cut. For a more even cut, it is better to use a grinder. When cutting by welding, experience is required, otherwise there will be irregularities on the cuts. In extreme cases, you can use a hacksaw for metal. Currently available for sale a large number of different devices for cutting pipes at an angle, but their purchase requires extra costs. It is easier and cheaper to make a template for yourself once, and apply it as needed.

Video

That is why the video you will determine how to cut the pipe at an angle of 45 or 90 degrees using a computer program.

Pipes - widespread construction material. They are used in assembly different systems. During the installation process, there are situations when pipes need to be joined at an angle. The technology for the production of such works is not standard, but you need to know about it.

To create a complex connection configuration, cutting pipes at an angle is required. We will explain how such operations are performed and what cutting methods exist.

Considering the methods of work - cutting straight or at an angle - one should take into account different material processed products. So, sleeves made of polypropylene or thin copper are easier and easier to cut than thick-walled steel pipes.

Plastic products of small diameters are cut at the desired angle using. In this case, you can control the angle with a conventional protractor. Cutting of polymer pipes is also carried out with a conventional hacksaw with a fine-toothed blade.

It is very common to cut pipes in the process of working with these installation elements. A popular tool for such cases is the so-called grinder. This tool cuts straight and at an angle.

The most frequent need for installation is cutting water, sewer and ventilation pipes at an angle of 45º.

Image gallery

Pipes are the most common type of metal and plastic products. They are used to transport a wide variety of gases and liquids. At the factories, rolled products are produced in a certain length. To mount them in place in a pipeline, heating, water supply or sewerage system, they must be cut to the desired length. Pipes are cut evenly and with a bevel. For this, many cutting methods and a variety of equipment are used.

Tools Used

An operation that is simple at first glance - cutting pipes in practice reveals many nuances and pitfalls. Not so - then just cut the tubes evenly:

Thin-walled.
Large diameter.
With bevel.

It is very important to choose the appropriate cutting method and special equipment for each specific case. It is divided into individual, domestic and industrial.

For individual use

They are used in households, private construction and small businesses. They deal with small and medium diameters (up to 250 mm) used in systems

Water supply.
Heating.
Sewer.
Ventilation.

Such tools include:

Cutters. They are used to cut polymer pipes evenly up to 75 mm. For a smooth and accurate cut, they have a gear mechanism. The workpiece is first clamped with a shelf clamp, which securely fixes it and does not allow it to leave the cut line.
Disc cutter. Suitable for ventilation and sewer polymer pipes with a diameter of up to 200 mm. The blade is not a pruning type, but in the form of a disk rolling on the surface of the workpiece. The cut is made in several turns. Not suitable for metal-plastic rolled products, as it can crush a thin metal liner.
Guillotine. The flat oblique knife moves in guides and allows you to cut exactly the required length in one pass. It is produced both with an electric drive, which provides greater productivity, and with a manual one.
Hacksaw for metal. The classic metalwork tool allows you to evenly cut the workpiece clamped in a vise. When using it, it is important to guide the saw smoothly, with constant force and without distortion. The burrs formed after working with a hacksaw should be cleaned with a file.
Angle grinder, angle grinder. In everyday life it is called "Bulgarian". This universal tool can handle any materials and diameters. In order to cut the pipe with a grinder, special abrasive cutting discs are used.
Electric jigsaw. A very popular tool among home craftsmen can also cut pipes, but due to the flexible blade being pulled to the side, accuracy can only be dreamed of.
Saber saw. The tool has not yet become widespread among Russian masters. The adjustable stop of the saw and its powerful blade allow you to cut the rolled metal even while hanging and close to the wall.

To ensure that the cut from a general-purpose tool is even, special devices should be used to fix the workpiece. These can be templates, vise or miter box. In addition, it is very important to correctly mark the future cut and make sure that the cut line does not go to the side during work.

For industrial use

Such equipment is used in industries where the volume of work is large or pipes have to be cut. large diameter. In order to cut straight, use:

Lathe. Suitable for high-precision cutting of workpieces, chamfering, shouldering, diameter transitions and other shaping. Allows the lathe to cut threads, both internal and external. The length of the part is limited by the overhang of the headstock. Diameter - the departure of the jaws of the cartridge.
Tape machines. They are used to cut a large diameter pipe without removing it from a trench or collection point. They also work on deformed products.
Disc cutting machines. Highly automated plant with pendulum saw and workpiece feeder. Often included in the production line, used for high-performance cutting of rolled products into equal pieces.
Manual disk settings. Mobile equipment is used to cut the rolled products exactly right at the installation site. Equipped with a multifunctional clamp that allows you to securely fix products of different diameters and cut them evenly without damaging the edges. The rotary working table allows you to cut exactly at any angle. The most advanced models are equipped with an orbital welding system. This allows not only cutting, but also connecting segments.

cutting technology

As a rule, the scope and complexity of the work to be done home master, does not require the use of high-performance and expensive production-level equipment. In the manufacture of the frame of the greenhouse, it is possible to completely cut the pipes with a grinder or a traditional hand saw.

Each type of incision has its own nuances, and some require special tricks.

Right angle

The accuracy of the cut is largely determined by the quality of the markup. Experienced craftsmen advise marking the cut lines not with a pencil, but with masking tape, following the following sequence of actions:

Set aside the required size and put a small mark with a marker or pencil.
Gently, applying to the mark, paste over the part with masking tape in a circle. The edges of the paper should meet without shifting. This is a sign that the paper is pasted correctly. If the edges do not meet, the adhesive tape must be re-glued.
Securely fix the workpiece to prevent its movement and warping during operation. For fixing use a vice, clamps.
The cut off (smaller) piece of the workpiece should be left on the weight so that it does not clamp the blade or disk.
The incision starts from the top.
The grinder disk (or hacksaw blade) is guided exactly along the edge of the masking tape, without deviating to the side.

This will allow you to cut exactly the required length.

If the diameter is large, then the marking is performed in the same way, but cut in parts, in sectors of 30-60 °. After cutting through the next sector, the fasteners are loosened and the pipe is rotated. Then they fix it again and continue to cut off from the place where the previous sector ended. To make it straight, Special attention should be given to the beginning of the cut, avoiding steps and nicks.

Oblique cut at 45°

Cutting the pipe end exactly at 45° is possible without the use of complex fixtures. It is enough to apply locksmith ingenuity. You will need to do the following:

Cut out a piece of paper in the shape of a square.
Fold diagonally. A right-angled isosceles triangle will learn.
Wrap the workpiece with a sheet so that the leg of the triangle is perpendicular to the axis, and the hypotenuse forms an ascending spiral.
Secure the sheet with tape.
Fix the workpiece and cut along the oblique edge of the sheet. It turns out at 45 °.

There is another folk method. The end of the workpiece is immersed in a container with liquid at the required angle. You need to cut off along the border of the wetted and dry areas.

If you want to cut not perpendicular, then it is better to use an old carpentry tool - a miter box.

This is a U-shaped template, in the side walls of which cuts have already been made at given angles. The pipe rests against the wall of the miter box farthest from the master and is pressed there with a hand or a manual clamp. The hand saw blade is inserted into the appropriate grooves and sawn. If necessary, cut at a different angle, additional cuts can be made in the walls of the miter box.

Angled pipe cutting techniques

Non-perpendicular cutting techniques depend on the material being processed. Some techniques are suitable for plastic or thin copper - materials that are ductile and easy to work with. Thick steel will require a more serious approach.

Plastic pipes of small diameters can be cut using specialized scissors.

Steel pipes can be cut with a grinder, but it is better to use a more accurate tool - a band saw with a turntable equipped with clamps. A table saw will also work.

When using a general purpose tool, you will definitely have to use one or another snap.

Cutting angle calculation programs

A 45° cut template can be obtained by folding a square piece of paper in half. To form patterns for other bevels, you will need to perform more or less complex trigonometric calculations. For those who have successfully left sines and cosines in high school and are not going to remember the formulas, there are many programs for calculating patterns for any required angle on the network. The program performs the calculation for the user-specified diameter and cut angle and creates an image of the pattern, which should be printed on your printer.

Important: in the print settings, select the option "full size" and turn off image scaling.

To cut evenly at 45 °, you can make a paper pattern yourself. For this you should:

Measure or calculate the length of the outer circumference.
From the corner of a sheet of A4 printer paper, draw a line at an angle of 45°. If there is no protractor, such a line can be obtained by adding together the edges of the sheet adjacent to the corner.
Mark the circumference on it.
This will be the hypotenuse. Construct an isosceles right triangle to it. One side will be the edge of the paper, the second should be lowered perpendicular to the second edge from the pending point.
Cut out the resulting triangle - this will be the template for cutting pipes at an angle of 45 °.

It should be wrapped around the workpiece, aligning the ends of the hypotenuse. A cut will pass along the line of the legs. The line should be marked with a marker or paper tape. Further along the marked line, it will be possible to cut off a piece evenly with the required bevel.

The method is suitable for pipes with a diameter of up to 63 millimeters.

Carpenters have long used a simple but very useful device to cut the ends of bars, rectangular, round and shaped, evenly at an angle. A carpenter's miter box is well suited for sawing off plastic or thin metal pipe.

You can use ready-made, or you can make a miter box with your own hands. Its advantage is that it can be made exactly to the size of the pipe. For manufacturing you will need:

Cut a board with a length of 40-50 cm and a width equal to the pipe diameter.
Cut two boards the same length, but wider by the thickness of the first board.
Assemble the boards on self-tapping screws, attaching the side ones to the base so that you get a U-shaped gutter.
In the center, mark and make vertical cuts in the side boards to the base so that the straight line drawn through them forms angles of 90, 60, 45 and 30 ° with the longitudinal axis of the structure.
If necessary, make cuts at other angles.

The side walls are best made of wood of more durable species - this will extend the life of the equipment.

This not only determines and helps to maintain the correct cutting line and cut smoothly. It also serves as a means of fixing the pipe. It is enough to hold the pipe with your hand along with the miter box. For each diameter, you will have to make a separate tooling.

During operation, the slots in the side walls are also subject to wear. It is necessary to ensure that the hacksaw blade goes into them with minimal play. In case of wear, you can saw through new slots parallel to the old ones, departing from them at least 3 centimeters, or replace the side walls.

Such a miter box has the following advantages:

simplicity of device and manufacture
cheapness
the ability to manufacture tooling for any diameter and required angle

inconvenient to work with large diameters and wall thicknesses
linking each snap to its diameter
only compatible with hacksaw

Simple cutting tool

Universal cutting machine with a pendulum circular saw, it is excellent for straight cutting at an angle of thick-walled pipes of large diameter, both round and rectangular in section. Such devices work at the harvesting sites of small industries and at construction sites, where it is required to cut a large amount of rebar evenly to size.

The circular saw, together with the electric motor, is mounted on a pendulum lever and can be guided with great precision in working area and then cut in one plane.

Advanced devices are equipped with an articulated arm that allows you to change the direction of the cut. In models of the lower and middle price segment, the orientation of the cut line is carried out by means of a turntable equipped with clamps for reliable fixation of the workpiece. In addition, the table can tilt to the side up to 45°. turntable and lifting mechanism equipped with protractors that allow you to set the angle to the nearest degree.

To securely fix the pipe at a given angle, a clamp and two steel corners with a side close to the diameter of the pipe are used. A short corner is fixed on a rotary desktop, using its regular screw terminals. Mounting and cutting process step by step:

Install Rotary table to the desired cutting angle and secure it.
Lay the pipe between the corners and tighten them with a manual clamp so that the marked cut line remains free.
Start the engine.
After a set of revolutions, smoothly bring the disk to the surface of the metal and cut the workpiece evenly. At the beginning and end of the cut, when the cross section of the metal being cut is maximum, do not apply much effort to the pendulum handle.

The main advantages of this method:

high performance even with thick walls
even and smooth cut requiring minimal cleaning and filing
no need to build patterns.

Admission features and disadvantages:

applicability to small and medium diameters
high machine cost
low mobility
high power consumption and noise

The nuances of working with a rectangular section

To cut a rectangular profile evenly, experts recommend preparing templates in advance. The easiest way is to make templates from a steel angle of sufficient size, marked for the desired bevel. This saves a lot of markup time when large volume similar cuts.

The corner is placed on profile pipe on the side and on the beveled side mark the cut line with a marker or scriber. It is recommended to repeat it with paper tape.

Precision cutting machines

Band saws are distinguished by high stability of the plane of movement of the blade and cutting accuracy. They are also widely used in the harvesting areas of small-scale and medium-scale production. They are characterized by versatility, reliability and high performance.

For private use, MASS from Italy offers a compact unit band sawing. It is equipped with a manual clamping device and can smoothly cut pipes up to 65 mm in diameter, as well as rolled products of any profile of the same thickness.

The rotary device allows you to set an arbitrary cutting direction from 0 to 45 °. The frequency of movement of the cutting blade is up to 45 cycles per minute. An economical 370 watt motor allows you to use a regular home single-phase power supply with a voltage of 220 V.

The use of thermal methods

In addition to mechanical, thermal methods of cutting pipes are also widely used. Here, the tool is a gas cutter (propane or acetylene) or an electric arc welding machine. Even the thickest-walled pipes of large diameter are subject to a gas cutter. The performance is also quite high. In addition, only these methods provide exceptional mobility - you can cut the pipe in a trench, basement - in places where a high-performance stationary machine cannot simply be dragged and connected.

It should be noted that thermal methods do not allow achieving high accuracy, and it is not always possible to cut evenly. However, in a number of applications, such as the operational repair of heating mains or main pipelines, it is not required. After a thermal cut, the resulting edges have to be further processed with mechanical tools, the cut line is aligned and the bevels are brought to the design values.

The thermal cutting method is also used when working with polymer tubular products. In thermal guillotines, the cut is carried out with a thin oblique cutter heated to a high temperature, sliding in the guides.

Devices can also cut at an angle and very straight, but are only suitable for work with soft materials having a low melting point.

How to cut a profile pipe straight

It is recommended to use a bench square when marking. The required size is marked on the first side, the square is applied to the mark and a marking line is drawn. Further, without lifting the square from the angle between the faces, smoothly turn it to another, apply a marking line, turn it again and mark the third face. If the lines converge on the last edge, then the markup is done correctly.

Now you can fix the workpiece and cut off the desired length with a grinder or a hacksaw.

Cutting large diameter pipes

If you want to cut exactly a large diameter pipe, for sewerage or at the entrance to the site, use the following tools:

Angle Grinder. Affordable, but not very safe way. Requires a certain skill. Be sure to use personal protective equipment.
Roller cutter. This is a fairly complex unit, specially designed for such work. It is mounted on the pipeline, covering it from the outside. The pressing force of the cutting rollers is regulated by mechanics or automation. Each diameter requires its own tooling.
Gas cutter. The most commonly used method. The method is quite safe with sufficient qualifications of the gas welder and observance of safety rules. Requires a cutting torch, acetylene or propane cylinders.

How to cut a cast iron pipe

Cast iron as a material has its own specifics and differs from steel alloys nearby. physical and mechanical characteristics. With high strength, cast iron is a very brittle material.

The cast-iron pipe is marked in the same way as the steel pipe. Before starting work, wooden blocks should be placed for support. An angle grinder with a cutting disc needs to make a shallow cut around the entire circumference. Next, a chisel inserted into the incision must be struck with great force. The product will split evenly along the line of the file.

If the angle grinder is not available, you will have to make an annular notch with a hacksaw.

How to cut along

Not often, but sometimes you still need to cut the pipe lengthwise. You should proceed as follows:

Carefully mark the cutting line. Use chopping thread, marker or masking tape.
Fasten the pipe, provide a support for the hand along the entire cutting line next to the pipe.
Slowly, slowly moving the angle grinder disc along the incision line and maintaining the support of the hand, perform the incision. You should constantly monitor the depth of immersion of the disc into the cut so as not to saw through the opposite wall.

How to cut thin wall pipes

When working with thin-walled products, there is a high risk of crushing the cut edges. To avoid this, fill the profile from the inside:

when working with a hacksaw, insert a round wooden stick of a suitable diameter
during the operation of the angle grinder, sand is poured inside, rammed and plugged with plugs.

Sometimes you need to cut a particular part or product at a certain angle. As a rule, you need to cut baguettes, fillets, platbands, skirting boards and other similar interior elements at an angle of 45 degrees. Everyone can cope with this task. The main thing is not to rush, not to be nervous and everything will work out.

Buy ready-made corner elements

Of course, the easiest way is not to suffer with trimming a particular part, but to buy a ready-made one that does not need processing and trimming. Such parts and elements are sold today everywhere in large supermarkets or smaller stores.

For example, with regard to baguettes or fillets, they sell special corner elements that fit perfectly into the corner and do not need to be cut. They just need to be glued into place and pressed well.

The method of connecting platbands without trimming

Platbands today are often not cut at an angle, in order to then join each other, but make a joint at right angles. This method of connecting the platbands does not require any special trimming, which is very convenient. In addition, this method looks more modern and attractive.

Cutting at an angle with a miter box

If, nevertheless, it is necessary to cut this or that part at an angle, then it is worth stocking up with a miter box - the simplest device that looks like a small box. The miter box has slots that are designed for a saw or a long sharp knife. Of course, these slots are made in such a way that they form a smooth and precise angle of 45 degrees.

However, the miter box can have many slots at once, at different angles. This is convenient, because with the help of one device, you can cut any part at various angles.

There are adjustable chairs for sale. The slots in such a miter box can be adjusted, which allows the master to set exactly the angle that is required at the moment. In particular, it is quite simple to translate the slots of such a miter box into a position of 45 degrees.

Now the workpiece can be trimmed in an elementary way. A baguette, platband or plinth is placed in the miter box, after which a saw is inserted into the slots and the excess is simply cut off. The angle turns out to be perfect, exactly 45 degrees.

What to do if there is no miter box? Very simple. It is necessary to make a template according to which it will not be difficult to transfer the necessary markup to the blanks. As a template, you can choose thick cardboard or something else that would be appropriate in this case.

Trimming parts at an angle with a protractor

You can cut the part at an angle using a protractor. This measuring tool, which is easy to use, and which is designed specifically to measure angles or make the necessary markings on certain parts. The protractor is applied to the part, mark the angle and make markings with a pencil. According to this markup, cutting the workpiece at the desired angle is not difficult.

Using Templates

If there is no protractor, miter box or ready-made corner elements available, you will have to look for a suitable template. Of course, the template must have the desired angle. It is applied to the workpiece and the workpiece is marked with a pencil. This is one of the most simple ways achieve the desired result.

Cut in place

Not always the walls, floor and ceiling will be perfectly even in practice. Most often they have irregularities. For this reason, there is no need to cut the workpieces at clear and precise angles, because they still will not fit perfectly.

Instead, it is sometimes convenient to cut the same ceiling plinth local. That is, first they glue one plank of the plinth, cut it in the corner, and cut the second plank under it.

Of course, it is hardly possible to cut off the workpiece perfectly. However, if a small gap appears in the corner, it can always be covered with putty or gypsum plaster. Nothing special.

Video: How to cut the corner of a plinth or baguette without a miter box

This tool is a profile in the form of an inverted letter P. On the sides there are slots in it for sawing at an angle of 45, 60 and 90 degrees. More complex corner templates or miter boxes have devices for setting different sawing angles.

For the inexperienced master the best option will be the purchase of a finished miter box in a hardware store. At home, it can be made from three planed boards or plywood.

The tool can be assembled by fastening together pre-prepared parts. The corner template box must be secured with wood glue or screws. The side walls of the miter box must be strictly parallel to one another. The horizontal bar must create a strict perpendicular with the side ones.

Step 3: Mark cuts at different angles for sawing laminate, architraves, etc.

The application of slots will affect the accuracy of the work performed in the future. Therefore, this process must be approached with particular diligence. It is desirable to make cuts using the same hacksaw with which the work will be performed.

Step 4: Preparing the material to be cut at a 45 degree angle

It is necessary to fix the finished corner template on the desktop with a clamp. Next, mark the future cut on the workpiece. Next, you need to combine the workpiece with a 45-degree slot inside the miter box and press firmly.

The hacksaw must be inserted into the corresponding grooves of the corner template and sawn the workpiece. The grooves will limit the movement of the saw and the cut will be carried out in the right direction.

The subtleties of working with a miter box and various materials

When sawing elements such as baseboards, it is not always worth making a 90-degree cut. After all, the walls in the room can be uneven. Before sawing the skirting board, it is necessary to correct the cutting angle.

Thus, the article described and characterized the process of sawing wooden materials with the help of a chair.