Do-it-yourself boiler drawing for heating a private house. How to weld a boiler for heating without the help of professionals. Do-it-yourself solid fuel boiler for long burning: video instruction and conclusions

The center of the heating system in a private house is a heating boiler. It is he who releases energy, which is later converted, enters the coolant and heats the heating radiators. In this article we will tell you how to make a heating boiler with your own hands, how to weld a boiler for heating a private house, and also provide drawings and photo instructions.

Types of heating boilers

Before the beginning self-manufacturing boiler, it is necessary to determine its type, which depends on the type of fuel heated by the coolant. If desired, you can build a boiler that runs on any fuel. You can find the necessary information on the Internet resources. However, before making a choice, it is worth having an idea about the advantages and disadvantages of the most famous of them.

Gas boilers for heating. This type you should not try to make it yourself, as there are a lot of requirements for them that you are unlikely to be able to satisfy. Well, no less important reason- this is a high probability of an explosion during operation. Installation of a gas boiler is prohibited in the basement of the house.
To make an electric boiler, you do not need professional skills and the availability of many materials. It should be noted a huge drawback - high prices for electricity. This is ideal for periodically heating a country house, but for permanent use, an electric boiler is very expensive.
A liquid fuel boiler is quite suitable for do-it-yourself manufacturing, but the cost of fuel and the particular settings of the nozzles can cause considerable difficulties in the course of work.
Among all the options listed, the most optimal can be called a solid fuel boiler, which can be successfully used as firewood.

Everyone knows that firewood has a high combustion rate, and therefore does not have time to heat the room to the desired temperature at the initial efficiency. In order to optimize this process, it is worth considering two ways to independently build solid fuel boilers.

Pyrolysis version of the boiler

A boiler of this type is adapted for burning wood, its additional name is a gas-generating boiler. The essence of his work is that the combustion of firewood and the volatile substances emerging from them is carried out separately. Thanks to the pyrolysis process, such boilers manage to maintain the optimal temperature regime of the heat carrier for a period of 6 to 12 hours without adding firewood.

The operation of the pyrolysis boiler cannot be carried out without electrical energy, which ensures the operation of the fan that supports the combustion process in a forced way.

The dimensions of such structures are 1.5 × 0.75 × 1.7 m. The volume of the water tank is 500 liters with a power output of 50 kW. Installation dimensions can vary according to individual needs.

As a rule, for self-manufacturing of the structure, you will need a steel sheet with a thickness of 4-6 mm, a cast-iron sheet of 1 cm, a steel pipe with a wall thickness of 4 mm, welding electrodes and a welding machine. Also stock up on a centrifugal fan, a grate that matches the size of the combustion chamber, automatic device for regulation temperature regime, asbestos sheet and sealing cord.

At the end of the manufacturing process, the heating boiler must be tied up with your own hands in compliance with the technological requirements.

Pellet type boiler

This type of boiler plant is more automated and less whimsical in maintenance during operation. Pellets are granulated wood, for the manufacture of which sawdust and shavings are used. Since this material is free-flowing, they are fed into the combustion chamber automatically using an auger, or hopper.

You may have difficulty in the manufacture of such a boiler due to the lack of certain electrical equipment: electric motor to ensure the operation of the auger, or bunker damper.

The operation of the pellet boiler is carried out in such a way that there is no need for kindling or adding fuel. This is affected by the dimensions of the bunker. Thanks to the principle of operation of the boiler plant, it is possible to control the amount of heat generated, due to the amount of pellets fed into the furnace.

These two types of boilers are optimal for hand-made production. Which one to choose is up to you. This is determined by many factors, the main of which is the need for heat and the availability of a certain type of fuel that you will use.

In any case, it is necessary to strictly follow the technology and observe safety rules.

Video

See how you can make your own boiler long burning:

This video demonstrates a mine-type solid fuel boiler with a heat accumulator:

Schemes and drawings

Photo

Boilers are needed to heat the coolant in the heating system of a private house and sometimes tap water if there is no boiler. Usually, factory-made equipment is used to solve these problems, when the owner is only required to install the system and monitor its operation.

In some cases, home-made boilers are installed, and they are assembled from scratch. The complexity of the design depends on the fuel planned for use. Below, only solid fuel and will be considered, since home-made gas and diesel units are dangerous, and their installation at home is prohibited.

What are manual boilers for?

Do-it-yourself boilers are cheaper than their factory counterparts, but do not exceed them in terms of efficiency. The principle of operation of the equipment is based on the fact that the burning fuel releases heat, which already enters the heat exchanger and heats the circulating water. In this, homemade products are no different from factory ones.

The main disadvantage of boilers assembled according to individual drawings is the lack of a guarantee. In the case of factory-made equipment, the owner can be sure that the equipment will work, and if not, it can be returned or replaced. Only the one who assembled and installed it in his house is responsible for the quality of the work of a home-made boiler. In the event of a breakdown, you will have to repair the equipment at your own expense.

For heating with a self-made boiler, it is recommended to use only safe types of fuel - firewood, coal, pellets, electricity. Home-made gas and diesel boilers are very dangerous - they should not be installed in residential premises.

Moreover, the competent authorities will not allow the insertion of self-assembled equipment into the gas pipe circuit, and if a violation is found, they will require the owner to be brought to administrative responsibility.

Despite the disadvantages, a hand-assembled boiler has an undeniable advantage - the performance characteristics of the equipment can be made such that they exactly match the needs of the owners of the house.

Solid fuel boilers

The most popular are home-made heating boilers that run on solid fuels. They have simple design, which in many respects has something in common with the device of a conventional oven. Assembled independently, they are universal, they can work both on coal and on wood, as well as pellets.

Factors such as the completeness of fuel combustion and the design of the heat exchanger affect the efficiency of the equipment. Interestingly, the combustion temperature is the opposite of efficiency: the higher it is, the lower the efficiency, so care must be taken to ensure that the fire is weak. In addition, a low temperature will provide better pipeline safety. The best home-made solid fuel boilers have an outlet temperature of up to 120-150C °.

Electric boilers

Electric boilers for heating a private house can have a different design. The easiest option is to install a heating element directly in the heating system. Then there is no need to manufacture a separate boiler.

True, the pipe where the heating element is mounted must have large diameter. At the same time, it is recommended to make it removable so that it is easier to maintain the heating elements.

Electrode boilers are interesting when for heat generation electricity passed directly through the liquid. Thermal energy is produced as a result of the chaotic movement of ions. The water must contain salt.

It is much more difficult to make an electrode boiler on your own than one working on a heating element: after all, the current has a direct effect on water, which requires serious electrical safety measures to be taken.

The most common threats are an electric arc breakdown of the coolant, which is almost equal to a short circuit, as well as the accumulation of electrolysis gas in the system circuit.

Assembly

The easiest way to design a solid fuel boiler. When assembling it, heat-resistant grades of steel are used - they are stronger than ordinary steel sheet, which burns out on an open fire and wears out quickly.

However, heat-resistant steel is expensive, and in practice it is rarely used in artisanal boilers. Another option is cast iron: this material tolerates heat well, although it is difficult to work with it. Equipment for the manufacture of a cast-iron furnace is available only at specialized enterprises.

On water circulation

A home-made solid fuel boiler for water heating with a classic layout has a combustion chamber with grate - horizontally mounted steel strips of metal that replace the all-metal bottom. The fuel is laid over the grate, and the ash remaining after its combustion falls between them into the chamber below. A chimney channel is attached to the latter, designed to remove smoke. Every time before the start of the next furnace, the ashes from this chamber must be raked out.

Near the combustion chamber - usually on the side of the chimney channel - there is a container for heating water, connected to the pipeline circuit of a private house: chilled water enters the lower part of the container, which rises as it heats up. The air flow into the combustion chamber is forced by a fan. The boiler is equipped with two doors: the upper one is designed for loading fuel, the lower one is for cleaning the chamber under the grate. Also, this chamber is necessary for air circulation.

On the principle of pyrolysis

They have a different design pyrolysis boilers. They have an additional upper chamber, where the gases released during the combustion of firewood enter. There, the gases burn out, producing additional heat.

A home-made pyrolysis boiler has a higher efficiency compared to a traditional type device.

For heating country house, consisting of several rooms, an apparatus with a heating element is suitable, consisting of a pipe with a diameter of 21.9 cm and a length of about 50 cm. Such a device will be economical, because kilowatts of energy will not be wasted. In addition, the device is very compact.

If the heating element is supposed to be installed in a separate housing, then it is better to make a boiler with small dimensions. If the boiler is used for heating running water, this rule does not apply. After all, then you need to have a supply of liquid, and this requires a larger reservoir.

The boiler does not need a dedicated power line to operate, it can be connected to a household network along with other electrical appliances. Unlike electrode equipment, a heating boiler with a heating element is safe, because the coolant is isolated from those parts of the device that are energized. If you equip the unit with a regulator, then it will be possible to adjust the water heating temperature with high accuracy - this is the main advantage of an electric boiler over a solid fuel one.

Today, buying a boiler is not difficult. Of course, if you have the funds to buy. The range of heating products on the market is very wide. But what if there is not enough money, but you can’t do without a boiler?

Homemade electric boiler

The solution has long been found and is widely used - to weld a heating boiler with your own hands. How to do this correctly so that the heater works no worse than the factory one will be discussed in the article.

Types of heating boilers

Before starting work, decide what type of boiler is required. Correctly assess the possibilities of supplying one or another fuel in your region, find out its cost.

There are several types of heaters depending on the fuel used. Any of them can be done by hand:

Electric is the easiest. It is a tank or pipe with a built-in heating element. Two branch pipes are attached to the tank, connecting the boiler with the supply and return lines. The design is simple, a chimney and a combustion chamber are not required.

But keep in mind that electricity is an expensive fuel, and during voltage drops that are typical for power grids in Russia, the boiler works intermittently, the power and water temperature drop.

Gas. Its design is more complex. When constructing, keep in mind that the installation will require permission from the gas service. A self-made boiler may not be accepted for operation.
Liquid fuel. If there is cheap diesel fuel - good decision. But we will have to look for a place for a fuel depot with the appropriate safety requirements and build an insulated fuel pipeline. Setting up the burner of such a boiler is a complicated procedure.
Solid fuel. Optimal Type boiler for self-made production. Simple, reliable, and firewood is available everywhere. In houses and cottages throughout the country, such units are installed, made by home craftsmen. About him today and will be discussed.

solid fuel boiler

What will be required

To assemble a heating boiler yourself, you must have the skills of a welder. Moreover, good qualifications. Poor quality seams will lead to the failure of the boiler or an accident - gas poisoning.

To work, you will need the following tool:

Electric welding machine;
Gas cutter;
Bulgarian;
Hammer;
Roulette;
Marker or chalk.

You will need the following materials:

Seamless steel pipe with a diameter of 42.5 cm and a wall thickness of 6 mm;
Pipe with a diameter of 10 cm;
Pipe with a diameter of 2.5 cm;
Sheet steel with a thickness of at least 4 mm;
Squeegee with a diameter of 2.5 cm - 2 pieces;
Loops are small;
Corner 2.5 cm;
Reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm.

Construction and design

Drawings and projects of boilers are on the Internet. There are many design options, but all are built on the same principle - the combustion of firewood (coal or pellets) in the firebox and heating water in a heat exchanger or container above the firebox, followed by circulation through the heating circuit.

Water heating in this design is carried out from all elements, including the chimney passing through the water tank. The boiler body also heats up and gives off heat to the water after the end of the combustion process in the furnace. Hot water rises, exits through the upper pipe and rushes through the pipes of the heating system. After passing through the heating circuit, it returns through the lower pipe (return) to the cooled boiler, and the process is repeated again.

The first step is to make the boiler body. To do this, take a thick pipe (42.2 cm) and cut off a piece one meter long. To do this, you will have to use a gas cutter. The edges need to be processed with a grinder.

Sample boiler design

Then cuts are made for the firebox and blower. They are rectangular and located one above the other (firebox above the blower) at a distance of 5 cm. do not throw away the parts - they will make doors.
After that, holes are made for pipes - supply and return. It is recommended to make holes with a diameter of 25 mm, they are placed on the same line. In this case, the return flow is carried out above the firebox 15 cm above the upper edge. The water supply pipe is cut 5 cm from the upper edge of the pipe (body). Next, the spurs are welded to the holes.
Now proceed to the creation of the internal parts of the boiler. First, three pancakes are required to be cut from a steel sheet. Two with a diameter larger than the body - 42.5 cm and one with a smaller diameter - 41.2 cm. It must then be installed inside. Taking into account the thickness of the pipe walls, a difference in diameter of 1 mm will ensure ease of entry into the pipe.
After that, a hole with a diameter of 10 cm is cut out in one large and small pancakes in the center. It is required to insert the chimney. The chimney itself is cut from a prepared pipe with a diameter of 10 cm.
The legs for the boiler are made from a tube with a diameter of 2.5 cm. For this, four segments 5 cm long are used. The ash pan is made from reinforcement, which is welded from pieces with a length suitable for the diameter of the boiler body.

hot water boiler

Assembly of the unit

The assembly of the boiler begins with welding the chimney to a pancake of small diameter (41.2 cm). Then temporary stops are welded inside the body at a height of 30 cm from the edge of the furnace. For this, ordinary steel wire or the same fittings are used. Then a pancake with a chimney is installed on top of them.

After that, the most difficult and crucial part of the work begins - welding the pancake with the body, and from both sides. Pancake serve as a boundary or wall between the firebox and the water tank, and everything depends on the quality of this seam.

Then a pancake with a diameter of 42.5 cm with a hole is put on top of the chimney and all seams are thoroughly welded - between the chimney and the pancake and between the pancake and the body.

The next stage of work is the installation of an ash pan. First, a lattice of reinforcement is inserted into the body from the other side, and then stops are welded from the corner, on which the ash pan will lie when the pipe (body) is turned over. The ash pan is installed between the firebox and the blower.

After that, the remaining whole pancake is welded to the lower edge of the pipe (body) and the boiler legs are already attached to it. The next step is to make the doors. Hinges are welded to the edge of the firebox and pieces from the cutouts and the door is hung.

The blower valve can be made in different ways. It can be just an ordinary door, in the form of a gate valve or a butterfly valve with holes in the body.

There is another option - to buy ready-made doors, valves or dampers. They are made of cast iron and equipped with thermal insulation, which excludes the possibility of severe burns upon contact.

Doors and valve blew

Connection and testing

When the boiler is ready, it is required to test the tightness of the seams. For this purpose, a plug is screwed onto one of the drives, and water is poured into the second. If it does not leak anywhere, you can be sure that during actual operation the boiler will not leak either.

The video shows the manufacturing process of the pyrolysis boiler:

Now the boiler must be connected to the heating system. For this, installed spurs are used. Special attention devote to the installation of the chimney. Make sure it goes straight up. If it is not possible to install it in this way, then no more than three taps are allowed. In the attic area, the chimney is recommended to be insulated.

When everything is ready, you can start a trial firebox. It is not recommended to use a large amount of fuel for the first time. The most important thing now is to heat the boiler and chimney. During the testing process, the gap in the blower is adjusted and the optimal one is determined experimentally.

During the operation of such a stove, it is important not to exceed the height of the bookmark. There must be at least 20 cm between the top edge of the fuel and the water tank. This ensures complete combustion and normal removal of carbon monoxide.

In contact with

Today on the market you can purchase numerous options for heating boilers.

Most of them are designed to work with gas and electricity, there are also solid fuel options and using fuel oil.

However, not everyone will be satisfied. Many would like to make a heating boiler with their own hands (see the drawings below), because they believe that the market is not able to satisfy their needs, or the purchase price is too high.

Well, in many ways they will be right, and we will try to satisfy their requests.

We will tell you how you can make the boiler yourself and how to avoid mistakes.

Naturally, on the market you are unlikely to buy a brick boiler for heating, in which brick is the material of manufacture.

You can build such a heating boiler with your own hands.

The drawings and the principle of operation of various systems will be considered below.

In fact, such a boiler is a furnace with a heat exchanger, which is connected to a heating system or a reservoir for.

The heat exchanger is located in the fuel combustion zone in the furnace or in the smoke circulation system.

The design of the furnace itself, most likely, you will have to peep somewhere or develop it yourself.

The main element that turns the furnace into a boiler is the heat exchanger. It is located in the furnace or in the smoke circulation zone.

In the latter case, it would be more rational to use a non-return furnace scheme, as in a Russian stove, so that the size of the heat exchanger that can be placed in it is as large as possible.

However, the temperature of the water in the heating system will be much lower, and such a system is more suitable for heating water for household purposes. When placed in smoke circuits, the heat exchanger can be made of ordinary steel.

Placement of the heat exchanger in the furnace, respectively, will require an increase in the size of the furnace. At the same time, the material from which the heat exchanger is made must be made of heat-resistant steel of great thickness, which is not cheap.

The price of such steel is about 400-500 rubles per kilogram, pipes are even more expensive, and a thick metal heat exchanger can weigh more than 50 kilograms. Nevertheless, this one, ceteris paribus, will cost less than a purchased boiler of similar capacity.

The heat exchanger can be made both in the form of a coil and in the form of a water jacket. In the first case, water passes through a system of pipes, which create a significant area for heat extraction from the furnace during operation.

The coil is welded from heat-resistant steel pipes with a wall thickness of at least 5 millimeters. Pipe diameter - at least 50 millimeters.

Usually pipe sections and corners are welded until 3-4 rectangular contours are obtained, which are then connected to each other in height with branch pipes in four places.

This method will require a highly qualified welder, there will be a number of welds that will have to be welded “with a mirror”. In terms of complexity, this is a work of the fifth category and even higher.

In the second case, combustion takes place in a firebox, which is located inside a container of water that surrounds the firebox on at least three sides.

In the case of a water jacket, the heat exchanger can be lined, thereby reducing the requirements for the quality of the steel used, but its volume will be significantly larger, and this negates the use of a boiler as a building material.

Most of the boiler will be made of metal, and the volume of welding work will increase significantly, although their qualification will decrease.

Regardless of the type of heat exchanger, if it has direct contact with fire, it can heat up to temperatures above 90 degrees. Therefore, at the outlet, the heat exchanger must be equipped with a protective valve-water seal, which will work if the water starts to boil and save the pipes from rupture.

As a fuel for homemade brick boilers, you can use both solid fuel, and gas and liquid fuel. In the latter case, a nozzle with a fuel and air supply system or a gas burner are placed in the furnace, respectively.

Long burning boilers

Therefore, the risk of fire will also be twice as high. In addition, you can only make a heat exchanger for a solid fuel boiler made of steel.

And in industrial production, both cast-iron and copper heat exchangers are made, which will have a longer service life.

Electrical equipment of small capacity and dimensions. For example, to make a flow heating boiler itself, which will take up little space and heat cold water there is no point in plumbing - the market is replete with cheap offers of low-power equipment. This makes it pointless to manufacture such heating boilers on their own.

Making a heating boiler on your own is not such a simple matter, as they write about it on many sites. A person who decides to make a boiler with his own hands must have certain qualifications and skills, have necessary tools and materials, as well as be able to create home-made drawings for heating boilers, according to which the product will be manufactured. The most complex technical structures on Earth have been created by human hands, so there is nothing surprising in the fact that home-made heating boilers, according to their technical data, are much better than factory products.

An enterprise is created in order to make a profit, therefore, a product design is developed that has a minimum cost for given technical parameters. But for self-manufacturing, steel of higher quality and thickness is most often chosen. Usually no one saves and high-quality fittings, fittings and pumps are purchased. And for the do-it-yourself heating boiler being created, the drawings are used either by already tested models, or their own unique ones are being developed.

Having the skills to work with metal, having necessary material and the tool is easiest to make home-made electric boilers - electrode or heating elements. If a heating element is used as a power converter, then it is necessary to make or select a steel case in which it will be installed. All other components - regulators, sensors, thermostat, pump and are purchased separately in specialized stores. Electric boilers can be used indoors or open systems heating.

What is needed and how to make a do-it-yourself 220v electric heating boiler efficient and reliable?

You need a container made of steel, in which one or more heating elements are placed in accordance with the drawings or sketches for the product being created. Even at the project stage for do-it-yourself heating boilers, the drawings should provide for the possibility of prompt and easy replacement of a burned-out heating element. For example, the body can be made of a steel pipe with a diameter of 220 mm with a body length of about 0.5 m. Flanges with supply and return pipes and seats in which heating elements are installed are welded to the ends of the pipe. , expansion tank and a pressure sensor are connected to the return line.

Features of the power supply of electric boilers

Heating elements consume significant power, usually more than 3 kW. Therefore, for electric boilers, you need to create a separate power line. For units up to 6 kW, a single-phase network is used, and for large power values, a three-phase network is required. If you supply a home-made heating boiler with a heating element with a thermostat and connect it through RCD protection, then this is ideal. When installing conventional heating elements, the thermostat is purchased and installed separately.

Electrode heating boilers

Boilers of this type impress with their extreme simplicity. It is a container in which the electrode is installed, the boiler body serves as the second electrode. Two pipes are welded into the tank - supply and return, through which the electrode boiler is connected to heating system. The efficiency of electrode boilers is close, like that of other types of electric boilers, to 100% and its real value is 98%. The well-known electrode boiler "Scorpion" is the subject of heated discussions. Opinions are extremely diverse, from excessive admiration to complete denial of the application for heating circuits.

It is believed that electrode boilers were designed for heating submarines. Indeed, the manufacture of heating boilers requires a minimum of materials, sea water with dissolved salts is an excellent coolant, and the hull of the submarine, to which the heating system is connected, is an ideal ground. At first glance, this is an excellent heating circuit, but can it be used for heating homes and how to make an electric heating boiler with your own hands, repeating the design of the Scorpion boiler?

Electrode boiler Scorpio

In electrode boilers, the coolant heats the current passing between the two electrodes of the boiler. If distilled water is poured into the system, the electrode boiler will not work. A special saline solution for electrode boilers with a specific conductivity of about 150 ohm/cm is commercially available. The design of the unit is so simple that it is quite simple to make a Scorpion electric boiler with your own hands, if you have the necessary skills.

The base of the boiler is steel pipe diameter up to 100 mm and length up to 300 mm.

Two pipes are welded to this pipe for connection to the heating system. Inside the device there is an electrode isolated from the body. The boiler body plays the role of a second electrode, a neutral wire and a protective ground are connected to it.

Disadvantages of electrode boilers

The main disadvantage of electrode boilers is the need to use saline solutions, which adversely affect the batteries and heating pipelines. The heating system for several years may require a complete replacement of radiators, especially aluminum ones (for more information about which you will read), and pipelines. Circulation pumps that are designed to work with antifreeze or clean water are at great risk. The second huge drawback is that electrode boilers require an ideal protective grounding of the case, otherwise they pose a huge danger of electric shock. It is forbidden to sell and install such equipment in foreign countries!

Homemade solid fuel heating boilers

Demand solid fuel boilers In connection with the rise in price of gas and electricity, their price is growing, respectively. The alternative is, because they will cost less, and they will work no worse than factory products.

At home, it is impossible to make a cast-iron firebox, so steel is used for manufacturing.

If possible, it is better to use heat-resistant alloy steel (stainless steel) with a thickness of at least 5 mm. It is not worth saving on metal, because the boiler is made for itself, for many years. You can take ready-made drawings as a basis or make them yourself.

Features of the manufacture of gas boilers

Theoretically, making a gas heating boiler with your own hands is not particularly difficult for people who know how to work with metal and have the necessary skills and tools. Gas boilers are classified as high-risk products, therefore, on
homemade gas boilers heating, you need to obtain permission for installation in the gas service, which requires a certificate for the product.

It should be borne in mind that obtaining a certificate is quite a costly business and the slightest deviation from the established norms and rules leads to refusal. Is it worth the risk? In addition, modern SNIiP do-it-yourself manufacturing of gas-fired heating boilers is prohibited!