Staircase with winder steps made of metal. Do-it-yourself calculation and manufacture of an L-shaped staircase. Computer programs for calculating stairs

The winder staircase drawing is in high demand in homes where comfortable, safe movement between floors is required, but no technical feasibility placement of a direct structure. Such facilities require special attention at the stage.

Scheme with the names of the elements of the winder stairs

Winder steps are widely used for the following types of stairs:

Screw. The most compact options for lifting structures. The recommended width of the overall opening is up to 3000 mm.
L-shaped. Devices with 90˚ rotation. Occupy less space than straight marches or marching with platforms.
U-shaped. They have a rotation of 180˚, more compact than the previous version.
Curvilinear. They feature smooth turning lines. Winder steps (treads) are often used with the same parameters, which creates additional comfort when climbing.

The shape of the turning tread for such structures has the shape of a truncated triangle. Due to the compactness of the device is saved.

Scheme of the device for turning the winder ladder

Winder steps can be located at the bottom, at the top, in the middle of the flight of stairs. For safe movement, the first two options are recommended. They have good visibility of the turning area, which allows you to orient yourself in time and change the position of the foot or step length.

Winder staircases are more difficult to implement than straight structures or with transition platforms. Therefore, drawings with incorrectly executed structures are often found.

And this not only reduces the comfort of movement, but also increases the risk of injury from a fall.

Basic requirements for winder ladders

Comfort and safety are the basic principles that any building structures. The staircase is no exception. A number of the technical requirements presented are also typical for direct mid-flight structures:

Scheme of a wooden staircase with winder steps

All of the above characteristics and data will ensure the comfort and safety of movement between floors.

Advantages of running structures

The main advantages of winder stairs include:

Compactness. Often, a direct structure does not allow the area or dimensions of the opening to the second floor to be placed. In order to overcome these difficulties with minimal losses, winder steps are mounted in turning marches.
Aesthetics. adds a special charm to the interior of the house.
Saving materials. With an increase in the angle of inclination (steepness), the consumption of materials decreases somewhat.

The disadvantages include a decrease in the level of comfort and safety of movement. Running treads differ in size, you will have to adapt. Yes, and disperse on such a march is more difficult than on ordinary stairs.

Classical appearance winder stairs

Technical data for drawings

For the competent drawing up of a winding staircase scheme, it is required to take into account all the above standards, the dimensions of the premises and link them on the plan. To do this, proceed to the following steps:

Determine the location of the structure.
Appropriate measurements are taken: the width of the opening, the height from the finished floor of the first floor to the surface of the second floor.
Drawn to scale with detail. If there are openings, windows, ledges, niches in the place where the staircase will be mounted, they are marked on the drawing with reference to the walls and floor.
Choose the type of construction and building material for it.
Preliminary calculations are made for the number, height and depth of steps.

Scheme and drawing of winder stairs

These data will help to make the right choice of design, which will ensure compliance with building codes.

Preliminary calculation of data

Knowing the height between the levels and the formula for comfortable movement, you can calculate the length of the flight of stairs, the number of expected steps. For example, the specified height between floors is 2600 mm. We choose the height of the degrees from the recommended range of 120 mm. Let's make all the calculations to build a drawing:

The example shows that it is better to revise the parameters of the steps. This will save a lot of space. For example, with a riser height of 150 mm, the tread depth will be 300 mm, and the length of the stairs will be 5,400. Which will save 3 square meters. m. usable area of the house.

Drawings and methods for calculating winder steps

With considering modern realities and get a quick result, you can use several ways to draw up a design diagram.

Project programs

The best option for design. There are softwares that, based on the drawing, issue a specification for sawn materials. This option is not provided. But after completing a detailed drawing, it will not be difficult to calculate the amount of material. The disadvantage of this method is the time spent on searching and mastering the software product.

Ready solutions

Drawings posted on the Internet allow you to choose suitable option. But you should check them for compliance with technical requirements in order to protect yourself from someone's design illiteracy.

Winder ladder drawing

To do this, you can use online calculators or master one of the methods for calculating winder steps.

The main difficulty when working with such drawings is to fit a ready-made solution into the right space. You may encounter the fact that a window or ledge on the wall will be at the place where the stairs are mounted.

You will either have to adapt the design for, or look for another suitable option.

Online calculators

They will help to make calculations and issue recommendations for correcting the structure if it does not comply with building codes. Based on the received data, a detailed drawing is automatically generated. This is the easiest and most affordable way to develop drawings for individual sizes. But in the future, you should make a binding to .

Interface online calculator for winder ladder calculation

Otherwise, the resulting design may close the window or doorway.

Proportion method

The main difficulty in the independent design of stairs with winders is the calculation of the number and development of the forms of rotary elements. Calculation using proportions. This method is suitable for stairs with a turn of 90˚, 180˚. First you need to draw a top view of the future structure, fitting it into the estimated area. Then perform a series of operations:

This is the easiest and most affordable way to build a drawing. There are three more methods: Danish, sweep and lift lines. The listed technologies are complex and require deeper knowledge of mathematical analysis. These methods require taking into account the horizontal and vertical curvature of the structure.

An example of a metal frame for a winder ladder

It should be noted that the drawing by any of the above methods is performed with a certain degree of error. Therefore, even professionals adjust parts at the assembly site. Winder ladder - more complex structure, therefore, if there is no confidence in one's abilities, then it is better to entrust the calculation, design, installation to specialized enterprises.

No matter how perfect the interior of the corridor, hall or living room is, the staircase in these rooms always catches the eye and arouses genuine interest. A staircase with a turn (or winder staircase) is doubly endowed with this gift. Understanding the turns of the stairs and winder steps is not so difficult. After spending a little time and delving into the essence of the issue, you can independently make a staircase with turns or, in extreme cases, control the process of its construction.

It's good when the ladder is stretched like a string and nothing prevents you from flying from floor to floor in a straight line. The only inconvenience is that you need to free up a lot of space along one of the walls. In order for the staircase to be as convenient and safe as possible, certain parameters must be followed. So, for example, a step with about 15 cm and a tread depth of 30 cm is considered convenient. If you plan to take off the tread, then its size should be no more than 5 cm. The area in front of the flight of stairs should have an area of at least 90 square centimeters. The average ceiling height is 2.5 meters. For a straight staircase with such parameters, it is necessary to leave more than five linear meters of free space along one wall.

If there is not so much free space in the room, you have to make a staircase with several flights and turntables. Turning the stairs 90 or 180 degrees can be equipped with winders. For such steps, the inner side is smaller than the outer one, so the transition along them is less comfortable than along the stairs with a turntable.

The staircase with rotary steps has a rather original, elegant appearance. At the same time, it takes up very little space: 2.5 meters along one wall and 1.5 meters along the other. These dimensions are average for stairs with 90 degree turning steps.

Design features

Despite the apparent fragility of the structure, the turntable is quite durable. On the one hand, the kosour is attached to the wall, and on the other, it rests on the central support. If the height of the room and the area allotted for the stairs allow design fantasy turn around, you can construct a staircase with three flights and turn it ninety degrees twice. In this case, the central outer stringer will be attached between two supporting columns, and the upper and lower outer stringers will burst the entire structure. With or without risers, wood or metal, the curved staircase organizes the space around it. One more moment. During the descent and ascent of any stairs, it is common for a person to step on the central part of the tread. This is dictated by the internal instinct of self-preservation. Winder steps have a triangular shape or the shape of a truncated triangle. When moving on such surfaces, one must move closer to the edge of the tread, which rests on the wall as the widest (deepest) part of the tread.

Traffic safety rules

GOST and SNiP - examples of the bible for builders - fixed the minimum dimensions, subject to which, a staircase with winder steps will be safe:

Winder stairs are a durable and safe construction. But only compliance with the provisions of GOST and SNiP makes it so. If the basic parameters and dimensions are not observed, the risks of falling and slipping on the steps increase sharply. No handrails and railings can minimize the risk of injury due to the incorrect design of the "g" or "p" shaped stairs.

winder steps

The meaning of the winder steps is to replace the horizontal platform between the marches with steps and use this turning point to continue the ascent / descent. Due to this effect, the space required for arranging the winder staircase is saved. It makes no sense to make winder steps with a depth of more than 40 centimeters against the wall. The deeper the tread at the wall, the deeper it is at the central support, and this leads to an increase in the radius of curvature and saving space somewhere. If the depth of the tread at the wall is more than 40 centimeters, and the depth at the central support is within the normal range, then orderly rows of treads are broken. In place of the three "burdocks" four steps could fit and the turn would retain its angle and dynamics of ascent / descent.

If the depth of the tread at the central support is less than ten centimeters, then in the center of the tread the depth will not “grow” to a minimum of twenty centimeters. The height of the riser directly depends on the angle of inclination of the entire structure.

Important! It is necessary to maintain the angle of inclination of the stairs in the places of winder steps.

Formulas for success

Before you pick up the tool and start assembling the stairs, you need to draw up a drawing. Next, you need to draw in detail all the moments: the height of the ceiling, the dimensions of the place for installing the stairs, the shape and place of attachment of the central support. Calculate the angle of inclination of the structure and the height of the risers, the depth of the straight tread and the number of winders. At the same time, take into account the minimum and maximum parameters and compare them with GOST and SNiP. Before putting the final point on the drawing, it will not be superfluous to check several formulas and understand how comfortable the future design will be in all respects.

“a” is responsible for the height of the riser, “b” is responsible for the depth of the tread, from which we have the following parameters of a convenient design:

Convenient formula: b - a = 12 cm.
Safe movement formula: b + a = 46 cm.
Light step formula: 2a + b = 62 (60-64) cm.

We make a detailed drawing of the winder stairs

If the calculations were correct, then your staircase will be comfortable and safe.

Advice! In order not to fill the bumps on the knees, elbows and chin, it is worth taking a responsible approach to the design of the winder stairs.

Metal or wooden, they differ only in terms of the design of the frames. The basic principles of building stairs with winder steps remain unchanged. Methods for constructing drawings and determining the shape of winders differ in the choice of starting points and the construction of rays. Whether you use the Proportion Method, Line Lift, Danish Method, or Sweep Method depends on your mathematical ability. We make a staircase with winder steps

If you have never held a tool in your hands, then the formulas and methods will not help you, and it would be better to entrust the manufacture of stairs with steps at a turn to a professional. He knows that a metal staircase can have one central stringer and it will be enough for the reliability of the entire structure. He will weld the steps from the corner, and he may not install the risers at all. The wooden staircase will be planted by him on stringers supported by racks and walls, with the help of cuts and glue with sawdust. wooden steps, which always "run in", he will arrange horizontally in level. Even the lower edge of the outer string will be cut vertically for its attachment to the first supporting baluster. In general, the question remains only in the budget and your desire! And the complexity of the design is a secondary matter.

With a lack of space in the living room, finding a place to place the stairs is a lot of trouble. And the solution to this issue can be stairs made of wood with winder steps. Such designs do not lose their practicality in operation and significantly save precious square meters. But before proceeding with the installation work, you should know about important nuances described in this article.

The shape and types of stairs

First you need to decide on the design - the shape of the frame of the future stairs:

If necessary, all three options can be combined based on the layout of the room, the shape of the stairs and the presence of adjacent bearing walls.

Combined design: stringers + bowstring

Safety requirements for winder stairs

Do not forget that walking on a wooden staircase should be as safe as possible, since both adults and children can move along it. Therefore, the following recommendations are imperative:

the number of steps in one flight of stairs must be made at least 3 and it is desirable that their total number be odd - it is psychologically more convenient to start and end the ascent with the same foot;
the height of the fence should exceed the level of the center of gravity of a person, on average this parameter ranges from 90 to 120 cm;
fastening of the structure should be carried out directly to the load-bearing elements of the floor.

Manual calculation of stair parameters

Despite the many nuances and pitfalls that occur in the workflow, a winder staircase made of wood can not only be built on its own, but also be designed without the involvement of specialists. This does not require any special knowledge, everything you need to know is written in our article.

Ladder height

This parameter is the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor, that is, the thickness of the floor is also taken into account. Many forget about this, in a hurry to calculate the structure along the walls of the living quarters.

When choosing a slope, the minimum distance to the ceiling is taken into account

The distance from the steps to the ceiling is calculated according to the height of the person, on average this figure should not be lower than 190 cm, another 10 cm is added for ease of movement. Now this value can change up, but not down.

March length

The length of the future design consists of several points:

tilt angle;
step width;
number of steps;
the size of the landing.

And it’s worth starting with taking measurements from the space available under the stairs and later adjusting the project to the standards and norms.

Ladder width

The basis of all calculations is the convenience and safety of movement, a person should walk without clinging to the railing due to crowding and not being afraid to put his foot past the steps.

Regarding the width of the stairs, there are several recommendations:

the minimum size between handrails or other fences is 80-90 cm, in which case only one person can move. It is not possible to drag furniture along such a design;
the optimal size for stairs with winder steps is 100-125 cm. Two people can easily disperse, moving towards each other;
zones of comfortable movement are considered to be sizes from 125 m to 150 cm, when oncoming traffic is not hindered in any way.

Tilt angle

Another parameter responsible for the ease of use of the stairs, and there are criteria here:
1. If the design is too steep, then more living space is saved.
2. If the structure is flat, then the movement is more comfortable and safer.

For residential premises is in the range from 26 to 45 degrees. A steeper slope is considered traumatic and is used only for household and industrial purposes.

Number of steps

This indicator cannot be any specific and depends on the overall height of the structure and the height of the step. For example, if the floor height is 3 m, then dividing it by 15 cm - the average size of the riser - we get 20 steps.

Stair step (step depth)

The most important rule to remember is that the foot must be in full contact with the step, however, an error of a few centimeters is allowed to clarify the dimensions of the structure.

the minimum value is 100 mm, however, if you quickly climb or descend such a ladder, you can be injured;
the most suitable dimensions are from 200 to 300 mm, the movement does not make you tense up and look every time you put your foot down.

If you want to increase the width of the step, you can fix them with a small extension, but not more than 40 mm, so that you do not accidentally catch on when moving.

Online calculators

If there are difficulties with the self-calculation of winders for a wooden staircase, you can use these calculators for turns on and. The advantages of this design approach:

just specify the required dimensions, and you get a diagram with all the parameters without unnecessary divisions and multiplications;
the result can also be prepared in 3D, which will allow you to visually evaluate the design and simplify its manufacture.
specifying the materials, you will also receive a construction estimate.

materials

After the calculations have been completed, the project has been prepared, you should decide on the type of wood from which the staircase will be built. For such structures, it is best to use hardwoods that can withstand heavy loads, such as oak, ash, walnut and beech.

They are all roughly in the same density category, but differ in price and susceptibility to decay. So, the walnut does not have sufficient durability and has an average cost. Ash, on the other hand, is resistant to destruction, but also an order of magnitude higher in price. Pine is also suitable, but requires more careful processing.

Tools

The next step is preparation necessary tool for installation work:

electric drill;
electric jigsaw (you can get by with a hacksaw, but you will spend many times more time on the construction of the structure);
screwdriver;
hammer;
roulette;
building level or plumb.

As fasteners, you can use nails, stainless steel screws and metal corners.

Fabrication and installation of the structure

Even at the stage of creating a drawing, you are faced with the question of what frame will underlie the stairs? In practice, products on stringers and bowstrings are considered the most popular - they are easy to use. installation work and practical to use.

Device diagram

Knots for connecting structural elements

Attaching the kosour to the floor

Design features:

when the running part is located directly at the base of the structure, the steps are mounted on the risers (if any) and on the support pillars;
if the running part is located in the middle and the transition angle is straight (90 or 180 degrees), the rotary treads are laid on the supporting beams. The beams themselves are installed at right angles. At the bend of the stairs, you can make a rounding with plywood, giving it a curved shape.

Consider both options for building a wooden staircase with winder steps with your own hands:

The assembly with the location of the steps on the bowstrings differs only in that they will be mounted between the base beams, and not on them, otherwise the sequence of actions is similar.

Marking stairs with a template

If an L-shaped staircase is installed in the room, then a situation is possible when, in order to reduce the size of the stairwell and save space, it is necessary to abandon the site and instead make winder steps.

A tread staircase is more compact than a landing design. At the same time, winder stairs have a number of disadvantages, the most important of which are irregularly shaped radial steps and the resulting features.

In this article, we will tell you how to properly design a staircase with winder steps so that it is convenient and safe to use.

Safety requirements for stairs

To smooth out design flaws, corner stairs must be correctly designed by calculating winder steps, taking into account the following requirements:

the depth of the steps in the widest part should not exceed 40 cm, and in the narrow part - not less than 10 cm;
in the middle, all winder steps must be of the same depth, but not less than 20 cm;
step height can vary from 12 to 22 cm;
the edge of the tread should not protrude more than 4 cm;
when designing l-shaped stairs, follow the following formulas (where e is the depth of the step, j is the height of the riser):
1. convenience formula: e - j = 12 cm;
2. safety formula: e + j = 46 cm.
3. step formula: 2 j + e = 62 (60-64) cm;
if a staircase is built with a 180-degree turn, then the distance between the marches should be at least ¼ of the width of the step, otherwise the depth of the turning step in the narrow part will turn out to be too small (less than 10 cm), which is unacceptable;
the distance from the flight of stairs to the ceiling must be at least 200 cm;

Calculation of stairs with winder steps

After the main dimensions of the curved staircase are determined based on the video, it is necessary to calculate the configuration and number of winder steps.

U-shaped staircase

First of all, it is necessary to designate the center of the arc coinciding with the inner radius of the stairs, that is, point "A". Then determine the number of turning steps: the more of them, the smaller the angle of rotation for each and the more comfortable it will be to move up the stairs.

Let's assume that the rungs will be steps up to the seventh inclusive. Then a straight line DE is drawn through the beginning of the eighth step. Line AB divides the staircase into left and right parts. In the middle of the march it is necessary to draw a curve ace corresponding to the line of motion. From AB on the line of motion, a section equal to ½ b, where b- the width of the usual step. We get point 1. Further from it we set aside a segment equal to b and mark point 2. Similarly, at regular intervals, mark the remaining points 3-7.

Further, through point 1 and A, we draw a straight line until it intersects with DE. We also draw a straight line through points 2 and A. On the DE section, we get points 1 and 2. We set aside segments equal to sections 1-2 on the DE line and mark them with numbers 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, respectively. Now connect point 3 on the line of motion ace with point 3 on the line DE, then we connect the corresponding points 4, 5, 6, 7. Thus, the configuration of the steps is determined. A similar calculation is made for the right side of the stairs with turning steps.

As in the case of the U-shaped staircase, point "A" is located and a straight line AC is drawn. There are two options for the location of the steps:

straight AC bisects the angular step;
two steps adjoin the straight line AC with their edges.

In the second case, similarly to the U-shaped staircase, a line of motion is drawn ace. On a curved section, segments with a length of b(width of a straight step). The number of running steps is determined. Suppose these are steps 1, 2, 3 and 4. Then a line EB is drawn through the end of step 4, where "B" is the intersection of lines EB and CA. Further, from the point “A”, segment AD is arbitrarily laid off, and points 2, 3 and 4 are marked on it so that segment A2 is equal to two parts, segment 23 - three, 34 - four. An arbitrary segment equal to 1 conventional unit (cm, dm) is taken as one part.

Now we connect points 4 and B. From points 2 and 3 to the intersection with AB, we draw straight lines parallel to segment B4. The points obtained in the section AB are connected, respectively, with points 3 and 2 on the line of motion ac. These lines define the winder configuration.

In the case when the straight line AC divides the step in half, the calculation of the winder stairs is carried out in a similar way.

Ladder with a 90 degree turn - how to do it yourself

We will show how to make a winder ladder using the example of a structure with the following parameters:

the length of the staircase is 2294 mm;
width - 930 mm;
ceiling height - 2683 mm.

The corner staircase consists of two marches. There are 8 steps in a long march, and the top one coincides with the platform of the second floor. There are 2 steps in the lower march. And three winder steps, the angle of rotation of which is 30 °. The project of a wooden staircase will look like this:

A wooden staircase with a turn is carried out on two stringers with dimensions of 50x300x3000 mm, one of which is fixed to the wall, and the other to a support pillar with dimensions of 100x100x2500 mm. It is also necessary to purchase steps 900x300x40 mm in size, a turntable 900x900x40 mm, from which winder steps will be cut, and balusters.

A wooden staircase with winder steps, having this shape and parameters, is made in several stages.

Manufacturing of stringers

First you need to prepare a template, which is a right triangle, the legs of which are equal to the depth of the tread and the height of the riser. For convenience, the triangle should be fixed on the guide rail, as in the photo. Using this template, mark out the stringer and cut out the excess with a circular saw. It must be remembered that in the thinnest part, the width of the stringer should not be less than 15 cm.

In the corner we are constructing an impromptu supporting structure, which will burst the wall stringer and serve as the basis for the winder steps.

We fix the upper ends of the stringers with metal corners.

After the load-bearing elements are fixed, the following should be obtained:

When installing stringers, it is important to monitor the level so that later the steps lie strictly horizontally. The most common mistake of inexperienced craftsmen is that horizontality is taken to be parallel to the floor. But the floor may be uneven, so determine given parameter only needed with a level.

How to make winder steps

Winder steps are cut from a rectangular board 900x900x40 mm. For stairs with a 90 degree turn, three steps will suffice. To make them, we divide the board into three parts with lines coming out of one corner. The cut steps are adjusted in length.

Having decided which varnish to cover the stairs, we apply at least 3 layers on the steps.

Winder stairs installation

To fix the winder steps, grooves are cut out in the column, the height of which is slightly less than the thickness of the board. So we will ensure reliable fixation of the steps on the inside of the stairs. And from the outside, we are finalizing the supporting structure so that steps can be placed on it.

From the outside of the flight of stairs, the turning steps are screwed to the supporting frame using self-tapping screws. The inner ends of the steps are inserted into the cuts and glued with PVA glue mixed with sawdust to reinforce the structure.

We cut the end of the bowstring at a right angle relative to the floor so that the entrance pole can be installed.

Handrail installation

Now you need to install balusters. Sometimes they are attached from below through the steps with self-tapping screws, but this method is unreliable. It is better to use dowels - cylindrical wooden rods.

To do this, a hole is drilled in the steps, the diameter of which is slightly smaller than the dowel section, and filled with glue. A similar hole is made in the balusters, and it is very important that it be exactly in the center. If the baluster is rectangular, then the center is defined as the intersection of the diagonals of the rectangle. Try to drill holes as accurately as possible so that they turn out to be strictly vertical, because the position of the balusters will depend on this.

A rope is stretched between the first and last pillar, along which the angle of inclination of the railing is marked on all balusters. Further, according to the applied marks, the tops of the racks are cut off. Thus, we prepare the balusters for the installation of the handrail.

The handrail can be fixed with simple self-tapping screws (solid), and the attachment points can be hidden with putty.

A single-flight staircase with winder steps is ready. Here's what we got.

With this method of manufacture, the load on the lower rotary stage will act along the fibers of the tree, which is undesirable, as this weakens the structure. In this case, it will be necessary to additionally strengthen the step with a support, which we did.

The main disadvantage of a direct march is the high requirements for free space. Therefore, this design is not suitable for every home. Less demanding on free space - a corner staircase with a 90 ° turn.

Short description

A distinctive feature of a winder staircase with a turn of 90 degrees is the absence of a landing. In its place are several wedge-shaped steps. Together they form a smooth turn from one march to another. To do this, one part of the steps is made narrow, and the other - wide.

In fact, a winder staircase is a combination of a helical and marching structure. From the first variety, she got space savings (albeit not too significant), from the second - ease of use.

Such structures are usually installed in the corner of the room, although in some cases they can be placed right in the center of the room. In the first case, the load is partially transferred to the walls, in the second case, the structure is held by 2 load-bearing beams.
Making a staircase with a 90 degree turn is a rather difficult task. This will require the implementation of accurate, the availability of the necessary tools, as well as the manufacture of complex parts. However, with the right approach, this is quite a doable task.

Pros and cons of winder design

The advantages of stairs with a 90 degree angle include the following points:

Saving free space. Compared to straight marching products, running models take up less space.
Ease of use. If the steps are not too narrow, then climbing or descending the corner stairs is almost as convenient as using a conventional marching structure.
Good reliability and load capacity. Marching varieties are the strongest and most reliable structures.
Wide range of design possibilities. A variety of materials, shapes and details allows you to create a staircase with a unique design.
Interior element. Turning stairs suitable for almost any room, giving the interior a new and unusual look.

Like everyone else staircase structures winder ladders have not only advantages, but also some disadvantages. Among which it is worth highlighting the following points:

High price. Manufacturing or purchase cost finished construction remains high.
Manufacturing complexity. To create a quality product, complex calculations and a lot of time for manufacturing parts will be required.
Difficulty in installation. To install a ladder with a turn of 90 degrees, considerable effort and at least 2 people will be required.

Material used

V modern world Many materials are used to make stairs. For instance:

tree;
metal;
concrete and reinforced concrete;
fiberglass, etc.

In most cases, there are models made of wood or metal. The high popularity of these materials can be explained by two factors: reasonable cost and good strength.
Working with a tree is quite simple - no special skills or sophisticated equipment are required here. Also, wooden stairs look presentable and give the room a certain comfort. However, it should be borne in mind that in order to protect the surface, it is required from time to time to cover it with protective agents.

All-metal products are less common. The fact is that for the manufacture of such structures, knowledge of welding and the availability of appropriate equipment are required. Moreover, metal stairs with an angle of 90 degrees look quite specific and are not suitable for every interior.

Advice!
In some cases, a combined approach can be used. For example, to make load-bearing beams of metal, and install wooden steps on them.

Despite the similarity of the running corner design with marching models, it is less convenient to climb or descend such stairs. The main negative point is the winder steps, in which one end is narrow and the other is wide. It is this structure that increases the risk of injury and the likelihood of slipping off the steps.

Also, usability is affected by the size of other elements. For example, high railings are not suitable for children, and climbing narrow steps will not be very convenient for everyone without exception.

Therefore, to increase the comfort of use, important points should be considered:

the minimum depth of the narrow part of the winder step is 10 cm, the middle one is not less than 20 cm, the wide part is not more than 40 cm;
the optimal step height is 15-20 cm;
the dimensions of the running and straight steps must correspond throughout the entire flight of stairs;
recommended railing height - 80-100cm;
the optimal distance between the balusters is 12-15 cm;
the minimum height of the opening (free space above the stairs) is 2 m;
the optimal angle of inclination of the stairs is 30-45O;
the minimum width of the flight of stairs is 90 cm.

Step calculation

N = number of steps;
H1 - floor height;
H2 - step height.

Calculation of stairs with running steps.

But in some cases, an integer value may not work. In this case, you can go three ways:

change the height of the steps;
make the first step of a non-standard size;
install a platform under the stairs to “adjust” the structure to the desired height.

Advice!
Separately, it is worth mentioning the winder steps - they are not recommended to be installed more than three to five pieces. If there are more of them, then the depth of each tread will turn out to be too narrow and it will be inconvenient or even dangerous to climb such a ladder.

Making a winder ladder with your own hands

Unlike buying a finished product, independent creation a winder ladder with a 90-degree turn will avoid large financial costs. However, keep in mind that this is a long and complicated process.

For greater clarity, it should be divided into several stages:

carrying out calculations;
parts manufacturing;
construction installation.

Training

Design is the most milestone in building stairs. It is at this stage that the dimensions of the elements are determined, as well as the appearance of the structure. For this reason, special attention should be paid to preparation.

Design consists of 3 stages:

taking measurements;
making payments;
diagramming.

First of all, you should determine the location of the flight of stairs and take appropriate measurements. In particular, the length, width and height of the space under the stairs. It is the location of the running product and the free area that affect the size of the structure.

The next step is to do the calculations. Here it is necessary to build on the previous stage, and also take into account optimal dimensions. For example, the angle of the stairs, the number of steps, etc.

The last step is drawing up a drawing. It should be performed in three projections: from the front, from the side and from above. On the vertical projection, you should indicate the location of the flight of stairs (for this you need to draw a floor plan) and its direction.

The winder ladder scheme acts as visual aid. In addition, a neat and unhurried approach to drawing up a drawing will avoid many problems in the following stages. For example, questions about the size of individual elements or their compliance with the recommended parameters.

Execution of work

For the manufacture of parts and installation of the structure, the following tools will be required:

saw;
Sander;
drill;
welding machine (if there are metal elements in the stairs);
fasteners (bolts, anchors, self-tapping screws).

The manufacture and installation of the structure takes place in a certain order:

load-bearing beams are made and mounted on the wall;
a support pole is installed;
steps are cut;
steps are installed on load-bearing beams (they should be mounted from the bottom up);
balusters are inserted into the bearing beams;
handrails are placed on the fence posts.

Space saving and pleasant appearance - that's short description corner stairs with running steps. This design will look great in any room, literally transforming it. Therefore, in order to get a beautiful and high-quality product, you should act very carefully and slowly at all stages of manufacturing.