Terminology of stairs. Flights of stairs: types and design features A flight of stairs connects points in

The construction of flights of stairs is the type of work that has become in demand not only in the large-scale construction of high-rise buildings, but also in low-rise construction. It is in this direction that the construction of flights of stairs acquires a variety of species, and various materials for construction are used: reinforced concrete, metal, wood.

Flights of stairs in cottages are a whole trend in design. Stairs are an ornament and an example of the style of the house. The variety of configurations of flights of stairs in the construction of cottages is almost endless. Combining all the parameters of flights of stairs and areas allowed by GOST creates a lot of options for stairs. The main parameters of the flight of stairs: angle of inclination, height, width, number of steps.

Flights of stairs can be basement, attic, interfloor or basement. The configuration of flights of stairs is subdivided into: straight, turning and turning with a platform.

Straight march is one of the easiest options and is suitable for large, spacious homes, as it takes up a lot of space. The greater the angle of inclination, the more convenient and overall the staircase. With a slight angle of inclination, the staircase becomes "steep" and is more suitable for attic or attic spaces.

Turning marches with winder steps create original design. For small houses are the best option- creates space savings. Running turns are added to the straight row of steps, and a flight of stairs can have several turns of 45 degrees or more.

Turning stairs with landings are stairs with a change of direction by 90 or 180 degrees. The platform connects flights of stairs. This is a complex configuration that can have one or two platforms in various versions.

Concrete, iron and wood are the main materials for stair structures. Metal, as a rule, is combined with wooden elements: railings, steps. Often installed wrought iron flights of stairs.

Wooden structures are the most popular in private homes. From wood, you can bring any bold idea to life. The variety of stairs shows that an ordinary staircase can take completely unexpected forms.

A flight of stairs or flight of stairs is the main structural element of a staircase that connects two adjacent landings and forms an ascent to the floor. It consists of steps, which are fixed on two load-bearing beams. According to the number of marches, stairs are made one-, two-, and multi-flight. Demanded and popular option for suburban construction are two-march designs, as they are practical and do not take up much space. The device is also divided into other types.

March types

• Straight - easy to install, but more overall option. This design takes up a lot of space and is not very convenient to use;
• A winder turn represents a smooth turn of movement within one march. The direction of movement is done at an angle of 90 or 45, less often 180 degrees. This design saves space, looks original and elegant;
• Swivel with platform - more complex structure, at which the turn is performed on a separate section of the rise at 180 or 90 degrees;
• The design with branches is used in large halls and front rooms. In this case, at the beginning of the stairs there is one wide march, which then diverges into two separate directions. There is also a reverse option, when two stairs converge into one.

Rules for installing a flight of stairs

Each flight of stairs must have up to 18 steps. In addition, the structure is equipped with railings (handrails) 0.9-1.1 meters high. Handrails are installed on a march of no more than two steps. Moreover, if the flight of stairs adjoins the wall, it is also recommended to install wall railings at a distance of five to seven centimeters from the wall. Read more about the rules for installing railings.

For the safety of children, additional railings are installed with a height of 50-70 centimeters. It is important to design a staircase so that it is safe, convenient and comfortable to use, durable and reliable. It is important that you do not have to tilt your head or bend when descending / ascending. Steps should not be too high, and climbs should not be steep.

It is important to choose the appropriate width, height and number of steps. Comfortable width is up to 30 centimeters. It is important to make the height the same. As a rule, it is done within 15-20 centimeters. To determine the required number of steps, divide the length of the stairs by the height of one step.

Materials and manufacturing stairs

Staircase and others structural elements are made from various materials including wood, concrete and metal. Tree - suitable option for wooden house from timber or timber. It will preserve the naturalness and environmental friendliness of the structure, organically fit into the interior and make the design exquisite. In addition, wood is easy to process, customize and install. It looks aesthetically pleasing and pleasant to the touch.

The firm "MariSrub" independently harvests wood and manufactures lumber. We carefully select raw materials and control every stage of production, comply with GOST standards and process wood with protective agents. This will prevent Negative influence damp, ultraviolet and insects. Wooden structure will last a long time. Own production and work without intermediaries - a guarantee of quality and low prices.

In addition to marching stairs, there are also spiral and bolt staircases without a march. In the first case, the steps are installed in a spiral and mounted on an axial support or a bent stringer (bearing structure in the form of a beam with a ridge on top). The bolt version involves steps that are fastened with bolts. However, today many prefer marching stairs as they are easy to install and aesthetically pleasing.

Regardless of the type of stairs, it is important to choose high-quality materials, correctly calculate and correctly install the structure. Masters of "MariSrub" will select and manufacture materials, correctly calculate and design the structure, and perform.

We offer complex construction wooden houses from a bar or a turnkey log. It includes the development of the project and the collection of the log house, the installation of the foundation and the engineering networks, installation and roofing. We carry out finishing outside and inside the house, including installing stairs of any kind.

The staircase occupies an important place in the house, it is its decoration and is usually located in the center of the living room or opposite front door. There are several types of these structures, but they all have common components that unite them. These common elements include march, tread, bowstring, riser and stringer.

What is a stair tread

The tread is the part of the step that you step on. It comes in certain sizes, which are calculated based on several ergonomic indicators. If you make it narrower, people will fall down the stairs. With too much tread, it is inconvenient to walk on it, you have to take a wide step. Most optimal size this part is 25-40 cm. On a surface of this width, the leg of an adult man will freely fit.

What is a riser

The riser is the second part of the step, it is located vertically under it. These elements have not only constructive, but also decorative value. Often, in order to distinguish them from the general background, they are painted in a color several tones brighter than other details. Their height should not exceed 18 cm, otherwise, when walking, you will need to raise your leg too high. Smaller parts will also not add convenience to the design, it is easy to stumble on it. The tread and riser are important parts of the staircase, on which not only its appearance but also operational safety. The most comfortable riser-tread ratio is 15-30 cm.

Masters of the company "PK BLK" create only comfortable stairs for cottages. Reliability and durability are guaranteed by the manufacturer. The design is developed using the latest technologies finishes, so all products are unique and luxurious. You can get acquainted with the range of manufactured products at http://www.pk-blk.ru/lestnicy-dlya-kottedzhej/.

What is a flight of stairs

All stair structures consist of marches of different lengths. If there are platforms, then there will be several of them, otherwise there is only one march. Then they consider the entire staircase from the entrance to it to the descent. This term refers to a certain sequence of steps along with a kosour or bowstring. In other words, a march is one flight of stairs. Most structures of this type are single-march or double-march. There are also multi-march climbs. They are installed in spacious houses with high ceilings. At correct device such a structure, the length of its platform is equal to the size of one march. A person, descending or ascending such a ladder, will be able to rest between spans and take a breath.

What is a stair string

The bowstring is the bearing part of the stairs, it consists of two inclined long beams, in the grooves of which the steps are fixed. The advantage of these details is that they cover the steps from the side, making it more secure. These beams provide high strength to the entire system as a whole due to additional tightening of the bowstring beams between themselves. Small children and pets can safely play on the stairs without the risk of falling or dropping the toy. But not all stair structures have a bowstring, there are simpler, but no less interesting rises with stringers.

What is a stair stringer

Stringers are load-bearing beams, the upper edge of which repeats the shape of the steps. The treads are fixed precisely on these details. Such staircase designs look lighter and more elegant. They are installed even in small rooms, as they do not take up much space. Distinctive feature of these stairs - balusters holding the railing are mounted directly in the steps. Stringers are often made of several parts and fastened together with strong fasteners. This gives them additional reliability and allows you to implement various design solutions.

The shape of stairs with a bowstring or stringer is different. Screw products are widely popular, they save space and have an original and unusual appearance. Also in demand are straight and curvilinear (rotary) models, which are more monumental and tend to classic style. Which one to choose depends on your imagination and aesthetic taste.

Without knowledge of special terms, it will be difficult to independently design a staircase in the StairDesigner program. Therefore, we have collected all the most commonly used "ladder" terms here.

step- the main element of the stairs, can have a different shape and bend. Steps are subjected to the greatest load during the operation of the stairs. There are several types of stairs.

Starting stage- The very first rung of the ladder.

winder steps- continuously arranged in a circle, allow you to smoothly climb the spiral staircase. They are trapezoidal or triangular in shape.

Steps have several parameters, for example:
step height- vertical distance of the upper planes of the steps.
Step width is the horizontal distance between the front edges of two adjacent steps.
step step- vertical distance between the upper planes of adjacent steps. It is advisable to make the step step smaller, thereby having to raise your legs lower when walking up the stairs.

place with steps there is often another element:
riser- this element closes the space under the step for protective and decorative purposes. The riser gives the structure greater rigidity; in modular stairs, a step is attached to it. Comfortable and safe height in the range of 15-18 cm between adjacent steps.

tread- the horizontal plane of the step, or in other words, this is the horizontal distance between the front planes of adjacent steps.

Intermediate platform- located between flights of stairs.

Flight of stairs- connects the platforms of the stairs, consists of beams and steps, has an inclined position.

Middle line of march- an imaginary middle line that runs through the middle of the march in straight stairs. As an option, an imaginary center line at a distance of 40-50 cm from the axis of the rack for spiral staircases, or from the edge of the span - for curved stairs.

Angle of ascent of the flight of stairs- usually is 30-45 degrees. This allows the stairs to be comfortable and ensure safe movement.

Kosour- the bearing element of the stairs, in which steps are attached to the beams of the flight of stairs from above.
bowstring- an inclined element of the stairs, the bearing beam of the march, the steps to it are attached to the ends.
Both of these elements are calculated and manufactured for each staircase individually. As a rule, the blank for the base of the stairs must be glued together from separate bars along the entire length (in case it is wooden). More stringers can be all-metal and prefabricated.

Handrail post (baluster)- a vertical element of a round or carved stair railing. It is functionally designed to protect against a possible fall, but at the same time, as a rule, it does not structurally hold the railing on itself, but only complements them. In addition, it performs a decorative function.

Supporting baluster (pillar)- is installed at the beginning and at the end of the flight of stairs. This is the main element in the fence, it carries the entire load along with the handrail. It is necessary to securely fasten the support column to the base. The supporting baluster can be angular, starting, turning, finishing.

Balustrade- a low railing of stairs, consisting of balusters (shaped pillars), connected by railings and located along the perimeter of the staircase opening.

Guardrail height is the vertical distance from the stair rung to the railing handrail.

railing- a fence assembly, consisting of handrails and vertical balusters. Main function railings - to ensure the safety of movement on the stairs.

handrail- an element of the railing of stairs, on which we lean or adhere when ascending or descending from the stairs. Handrails are located either on racks or on walls (if the flight of stairs is limited on both sides by walls). The handrail is usually equal in width to the baluster located under it.

Bolz- a pin that connects the steps. For the first time, the ladder on the bolts was presented by the German company Kenngott.

Stair module- the building unit of the ladder, providing a rise of one step. As a rule, the module is made of metal (rarely wood). The module may have the ability to adjust the tread and step step. The module can rotate relative to neighboring modules, which allows you to change the trajectory of the descent. Modular stairs are characterized by high installation speed.

The stairs themselves are classified depending on the shape and number of marches:

Multi-flight staircase – finished staircase, consisting of more than two marches.
quarter turn staircase- stairs with a 90 degree turn. Installed along adjacent walls.
Half turn ladder- a type of staircase design, where the turn between flights of stairs is 180 degrees.
Stairs " goose step" or "Samba"- steps are symmetrically located along the course line.