Underground cable laying in the country. Cable for laying in the ground Electrical wiring underground in the country

If you still have not decided which method of laying the cable in the ground to choose, we recommend that you follow our simple advice. There are so many ways to accomplish this task. Professionals still can not decide which way is better - ground or air.

We suggest you give preference, all the same, to the earthly method. It's easy to explain. Usually the distance from the pole to the house is large and you will most likely want to install outdoor lighting. In these cases, the earthly method of laying the cable is ideal.

To pave electrical cable run underground simple instructions actions. First of all, an electric cable for laying in the ground in the country must be purchased.

After that, you can start choosing the most suitable cable routing path. In this case, certain features should be taken into account. The cable must be placed in 1m. from massive trees. Consider this nuance.

Laying a cable is not as simple a process as it seems at first glance. It is necessary to ensure that the wires are not tangled, and you should not place it in places with increased load.

You should start by creating a simple markup, and then move on to excavation. The trench where the cable will be located should not be narrower than 70 cm.

Concerning depths, then cable lines up to 20 kV should be laid to a depth of 0.7 m, up to 35 kV - 1 m, with streets and squares - 1 m, regardless of voltage, oil-filled cable lines should be laid to a depth of 1.5 m.

After you create the required trench, you can start filtering it. In other words, remove all stones and other objects. The next step is to create a pillow. It is better to make it from a material such as sand.

The depth of the pillow should be approximately 10 cm We recommend that you give preference to the ABVg cable. This is a universal option. To protect the cable, we recommend that you use asbestos-cement pipes. Cable laying should be loose so that it is not subjected to excessive pressure. We advise you to create a separate cable layout plan.

After all preparatory stages, you can start backfilling the cable. This should be done with sand. Its layer must be at least 10cm. The final step will be the laying of the signal tape. The final stage will be filling the trench with earth.

Laying electrical cables underground

The laying of an electrical cable underground must be carried out in compliance with all technical standards. You should know that it is better to plan the track initially, its radius should have well-defined dimensions, which should not exceed allowable rate for each individual cable.

You must take into account the presence of distribution couplings. The cable must be delivered on cable drums, which in turn are delivered on special vehicles.

You must take into account that the drums must be unloaded very carefully. We recommend that you contact a specialist if you doubt your abilities. Cable laying underground requires responsible training and the necessary knowledge.

Laying an electrical cable in the ground

Pay attention to the choice of cable. The successful laying of an electrical cable in the ground depends primarily on its quality. We recommend that you give preference to copper cables.

They must be armored. The cable that you must purchase must necessarily have technical documentation, in which it will indicate what exactly it is intended for.

In our case - it's a laying in the ground. It is worth laying the cable only from a special drum. You must take this into account.

The cable itself must also have some protection. Let it be a steel braid. Such a cable will cost more, but you will not doubt its quality for more than a minute.

Consider all the above recommendations, and you will successfully lay the electrical cable in the ground. Special attention should also be paid to safety. Use special clothing and accurately guide necessary calculations. The cable must lie down with a certain margin.

It is very important. Do not put any tension on the cable. The margin should be approximately 2%. To correctly connect the cable sleeves, use sleeves. Clearly define the distance between the sleeve and the cable. It should be approximately 250 mm.

And also you can watch the video of laying the power cable

When electrifying a summer cottage, any owner asks the question: which cable laying method to choose - air or underground. Although it is somewhat cheaper and seems easier to pull electrical communications through the air than laying a cable underground, it has several disadvantages. So, if the objects are at a decent distance from each other, you will need to install additional poles. Hanging wires over your head is also not a pleasure. Therefore, in most cases, people opt for the underground method. In this article, we will analyze how the cable should be laid in a trench, and what are the features of this work.

Rules and technology for laying underground electrical communications

It is necessary to lay an electric cable in the ground in accordance with the requirements of the Electrical Installation Rules, having previously drawn up a laying diagram. If you can lay the track in a straight line, this will make it possible to get by with less electrical wire, but this is often not possible. The following are the basic rules for laying cables underground:

Try not to pass the track near large trees, it is best that this distance is at least 1-1.5 meters.

Do not run electrical wiring through high traffic areas. These may be parking areas, footpaths or places intended for the entrance of a sewage service car. Usually they are bypassed around the perimeter, but if this does not work out, then the conductor is placed inside special protective cases, which are pieces of pipes made of HDPE or metal.

These devices are also used in places where the trench intersects with water and gas mains. A protective case is also installed where it is impossible to bury the cable at least 0.5 meters or remove large and hard objects from the track.

When laying a trench along the foundation, it is necessary to maintain a distance between them from 0.6 m. If this requirement is not observed, even a slight shift in the soil or foundation can damage the electrical line.
The laid wire should not be allowed to cross with others. If this is not possible, then both cables must be placed in a protective case and run one cable over the other. The distance between them should be from 15 cm.

If the case must have a considerable length, it is welded from several pieces of pipes.

Parameters of the trench for laying the power line

Having decided on the laying scheme, you need to dig a trench, while adhering to the following dimensions:

The cable laying depth should be 0.7-0.8 m.
If one conductor is laid, then the width of the trench used for laying the cable should be 0.2-0.3 m; if there are two or more electrical wires to be laid, it is necessary to calculate it in such a way that there is at least 0.1 m between the threads passing along the bottom.

The order and parameters of underground cable laying on video:

The order of laying the cable in the ground

After digging a trench, you need:

Remove roots, stones and other objects with hard and sharp edges from it, otherwise, when laying, they may cause damage to the insulation.
Level the bottom and then tamp. It is not necessary to achieve ideal evenness, the main thing is that there are no sharp drops.
Fill the bottom with sand and level it so that the layer is approximately 0.1 m thick. Ordinary quarry sand from pits will do, but it should not contain foreign objects that can damage the electrical cable, so it must be sieved before backfilling. So that there are no obvious irregularities at the bottom, this material must also be compacted after filling into the trench.

Inspect the insulation of electrical wires to identify possible damage. If possible, ring them with a megaohmmeter to check for an open (for lack of this device, you can use a regular multimeter). If damage is found, it must be repaired.
Lay the cable on the sandy bottom of the trench in light waves, without stretching.

Where necessary, protect the conductor with cases.

Sketch a plan of the laying route, mark landmarks and distances to objects on it - this will simplify further repair work, if necessary.
Fill the laid electric cable with sand from above, also having previously sieved the material. After that, the sandy layer (approximately 0.1 m) must be tamped down with your feet.
Pour the previously excavated soil with the next layer, also removing objects dangerous for wiring from it, level and compact. The thickness of this layer should be 0.15-0.2 m.
Then the ditch is completely covered with earth slightly above the surface level. This is necessary so that after natural compaction and subsidence of the soil, no depressions form at the installation site.

After completing the above steps, the line can be connected to the load, after ringing it to check for integrity.

Now you know how to lay a cable in the ground in compliance with established standards. Next, we will consider a few nuances related to this work.

Which conductor is better to use for the installation of underground electrical lines?

Installing an underground power line requires a lot of effort and time. In order not to suffer in the future with constant repairs, it is better to immediately choose a high-quality wire, which for many years will be able to properly perform its function. Therefore, the issue of selecting a cable that will be used for laying underground should be approached with the utmost responsibility.

Using an armored cable from a reliable manufacturer, you can be sure of its proper and durable operation. However, the cost of such a conductor is quite high, and if a person cannot afford such a purchase, he uses simple wires of the NYM or VVG brand. To increase the reliability of such lines, a double-walled corrugated DKS hose should be used, in which the electrical wire is placed throughout its entire length.

In places where the probability of damage to the wiring due to heavy loads is quite high, protective cases are recommended. These devices will protect the current-carrying conductors, taking on most of the loads. When laying several cables, each of them must be provided with a separate case.

Laying power lines inside corrugated hose or pipes has the added benefit of being easy to replace the cable. If the old wire has become unusable, it is enough to open the ends of the route and tie a new one to the end of the non-working cable. After that, the faulty conductor is pulled out, and a new one is installed in its place. Of course, this is only possible if a long time in the ground has not led to the destruction of protective devices.

Lump connection

For laying it is better to use a solid cable, but if it is not possible to find a piece of wire of the required length, it is better to connect two wires on the ground, inside a sealed junction box. Such a connection is easy to maintain and, if necessary, to redo. It is not recommended to place it in a home-made clutch and bury it in the ground - the contact will be quickly broken, and to restore it, the trench will have to be dug out every time.

For comparison, the video shows the manufacture of a full-fledged clutch that can be hidden underground:

Entering electrical wiring into the house

When laying a cable underground in a country house, it must be taken into account that when entering a conductor into a structure (house or other building), it must not be passed under the foundation. Usually, during construction, a mortgage is built into the foundation tape - a piece of pipe protruding outward by several centimeters, into which you can easily insert an electric wire.

If the mortgage was not made during construction works, it is necessary to drill a hole in the foundation, into which the pipe is then inserted and fixed.

Sometimes the owners of the house with monolithic foundation I do not want to drill the base for installing mortgages. The way out in this case is this: the cable is pushed inside the metal pipe and rises along the wall of the structure to a certain height (usually this is the level at which the inlet cabinet is installed). At this mark, a mortgage is immured into the wall, through which the wire is led into the house.

If an armored cable is used as a conductor, then its sheath must be grounded. This can be done by welding or soldering an insulated wire to it, which must be brought to “zero” in the electrical panel.

This should not be neglected, otherwise, if the phase breaks through, it will fall on the armored shell, touching which, the person will receive a strong electric shock, and it’s good if the case does not end with the death of the victim. If the armor is properly grounded, then during a breakdown, an automatic switch will work, turning off the current supply until the problem is fixed.

Features of winter laying of underground power lines

If the circumstances are such that this work has to be done in conditions of low temperature, then several recommendations must be taken into account when performing it:

Before laying the conductor in the trench, it must be warmed up in warm room. You can do it faster by using a transformer, but only if you have the skills and experience for such work.
Warm cable must be laid in a trench. In this case, you should work quickly so as not to let him freeze. If the temperature outside is 15-20 degrees below zero, then no more than half an hour is allotted for laying. If the frost is even stronger, the power line cannot be installed.

It is allowed to lay an underground line without heating in the following cases:

1. If an electrical cable is used high pressure, and the air temperature is -5 degrees and above.
2. If a wire with simple insulation is used, and the air temperature is -7 degrees and above.
3. If a conductor with rubber or PVC insulation is used, and the air temperature is not lower than -15 degrees.
4. If the cores are insulated with polyethylene or rubber, and in addition, they have an additional lead sheath.

In this article, we dealt in detail with the question of how to lay a cable underground and what are the features of this procedure in various conditions. This work, despite the complexity, is not too complicated in technical terms. The most important thing is to take into account the requirements of the PUE and the recommendations set out in this material.

Usually on suburban area how many buildings are being built: country house, bathhouse, summer kitchen, economic block etc. etc. Initially, electricity was supplied to one of them, and everything needs to be electrified. Yes, and outdoor lighting want to do. And there is a problem of choice - which of the ways of laying electrical communications, air or underground, is more suitable for your beautiful dacha.

The aerial method is simple and cheap if the distance between objects is small. If the distance is large, then you will have to put an additional pole, support. And hanging garlands above your head do not decorate the country landscape at all.

Underground cable laying in the country more aesthetically pleasing and suitable for long distance installation or outdoor lighting equipment.

In order to lay the cable underground in the country, all necessary requirements safety rules, and you should also study the features of your summer cottage.

First you need to choose the best way to lay the cable underground at their summer cottage. It is important here that the cable runs at least a meter (and usually more!) From large trees and in places where digging will certainly not be carried out. The cable path should not run under places where there is an increased load on the ground, for example, a platform that is used to park your car in the country. Think over the laying route so that communications do not interfere with you during further construction. Let the communications be a little longer than holding them under arable land or a future building. It is best to lay the cable under the tracks, and best of all next to them. We strongly recommend drawing a plan for its location.

You should not use the same cable to connect buildings and - first, carry out communications between buildings. They must be done once and for all. When everything is done, start experimenting with outdoor lighting: this is a creative job and does not always work the first time.

Cable laying underground in the country begins with the marking and excavation of the trench. Its optimal depth should be at least 70 centimeters, and given the pillow, it is better than 80 centimeters. This is for communication between buildings. For cable laying underground for external lighting, these figures are usually 40-50 cm.

After the trench has been dug, it must be cleared of objects such as stones, pieces of iron, or pieces of glass that can damage the cable insulation. Then you need to make a pillow out of sand. The thickness of the pillow should be at least 5, and best of all 10 centimeters, and the sand itself should be fairly evenly distributed along the entire length of the trench.

It's time to choose a cable. Everything modern views cables and wires have the necessary water resistance for laying in the ground. Even ordinary series installation wires ( PBPP / PUNP, PVA, SHVVP) can be safely laid underground or in water.

Power cables VVG(especially VVGz), KG are even better suited for these purposes. All these wires do not require any additional waterproofing.

But still it is better to lay these cables in HDPE pipes. If it became necessary to lay a cable protected by a case, then HDPE technical pipes is the perfect technical solution. The most popular use of these pipes is to protect electrical, television and telephone (internet) cables. The use of a GOST HDPE pipe in this case is possible, but impractical, because. the high cost of raw materials and compliance with all standards for the production of drinking pipes increases the cost of the project at times. In the manufacture of HDPE technical pipe, various polyethylene additives are used (the basis is secondary raw materials and defective "pipe" production), which significantly reduces its price.

The base color of the pipes is black, but the presence of recycled materials can give various shades. According to technical requirements, the presence of recycled low and high pressure polyethylene of certain grades is allowed. Pipes must be round, smooth and even both outside and inside.

HDPE pipes are connected by couplings (fittings), but this does not guarantee 100% tightness - it is better to lay them in one piece from building to building.

There is also a special armored underground cable – WBBSH. The steel sleeve is already built into this cable and it has a very good waterproofing. It can be placed without additional protection.

For laying a cable underground in a country house between buildings, it is highly recommended to use it.

Carefully inspect the cable from all sides in order to check the integrity of its sheath. It is necessary to lay the cable in a trench (or in a pipe) in such a way that it lies freely, and not stretched.

You can already start backfilling. The cable must be covered with sand 10 centimeters thick. The cable must not protrude anywhere from the sand layer. A 15-cm layer of soil is poured on top of the sand. Then you can (at an amateur) lay the signal tape in such a way that the middle of the tape is located just above the cable.

We fill the entire trench, while leaving a small mound, since the soil tends to settle. When using HDPE pipes, the outlet to the building should be provided with fittings.

A few additional tips. Firstly, when laying a cable underground in a country house between buildings, use a cable with a cross section of at least 4 mm. Secondly, lay only one-piece cable underground, do not make connections.

A country house and a summer cottage daily delivers a lot of trouble that needs to be dealt with and not shelved, as unresolved issues will accumulate like a snowball. When the owner of a summer cottage faces the task of connecting any device or structure located near the main house, then knowing the rules and requirements for conducting an electrical network, you can easily solve it.

Cable laying methods

There are three main laying methods:

Air.
Underground.
Puncture method.

Cable laying in the suburban area by air the simplest, and does not require large financial investments, provided that the remoteness of the connection object from the house is small. With a significant distance when laying the cable, it will be necessary to install additional supports in the form of poles or other structures that will support the cable sagging in the air. Appearance suburban area, of course, will not improve from a hanging cable.

Underground cable laying at their summer cottage is an the best option, since the cable will be in the ground in a protective pipe, it will not interfere with anyone, and violate the natural design of the site. This method is currently the most popular.

Cable laying at the dacha by puncture method also used to perform a branch of the electrical line on the site country house or cottages. This method makes it possible to overcome obstacles if it is impossible to dig a trench due to the rocky structure of the soil.

Cable laying requirements

In order for the lines of the electrical network to be quickly accepted by the representative of Energosbyt, it is necessary to coordinate all work in advance. To do this, it is better to invite a specialist to the site, or draw a line plan and provide it to this organization. But the best option would be to fully provide all the work of this organization.

The advantages of this option are:

All work will be performed in accordance with SNiP.
The organization will carry out the installation itself.
Direct connection and drafting of the act also falls on this organization.
The completed branch of the electrical network will also be serviced by Energosbyt.

When independently conducting the power line, it is necessary to plan all the work in advance.

Cable laying in a summer cottage should not be carried out at a depth of less than 700 mm. If the expected cable length is less than five meters and the cable will be laid in a protective pipe, then a trench depth of 500 mm is allowed.

It is forbidden to lay the cable under the foundation of the house. The smallest distance of the cable line from the foundation should not be less than 0.6 meters. If it is necessary to lay a cable from the main house to another structure through the foundation, then the section of the cable line passing through the foundation of the house must be placed in a segment of a steel pipe.
If several cables will be laid in the trench, then the distance between adjacent cables should not be less than 0.1 meters. From this calculation determine the width of the trench.
The distance of the electric line from shrubs should be at least 0.75 meters, and from trees - 2 meters. If the cable is laid in a protective tube, then this rule is no longer valid.
Remoteness of the cable from the sewerage and water pipes should be more than 1 meter, from the gas pipeline - more than 2 meters.
It is not recommended to lay cables in a trench with their intersection with each other. If it is impossible to do without it, then when crossing the cables they should be separated by a layer of soil of at least 0.5 meters.
The cable must be equipped with metal armor and is intended for laying in the ground. An armor layer is required to protect the cable from mechanical damage and rodents. Usually for such work it is used with copper conductors. Its cost is high due to the availability of armor. It is allowed to use a cheaper cable without armor, for example, a brand with laying in a protective pipe.
The vertical section of the line from the switchboard to the ground is recommended to be placed in a metal pipe. The height of the protected vertical section is not allowed to be less than 1.8 m.

On horizontal sections of the line, plastic protective pipes are used, regardless of the length of the branch, since the pipes can be connected to each other of arbitrary length.
If the laying of the line will take place using a special winch that spins the drum, then it must be equipped with a special limiter, provided for by the rules of clause 3.58 of SN and P. This restrictive mechanism will make it possible to lay the cable with a margin, along a wavy line, so that there is no tension effect.
If it is necessary to make cable connections in the ground, special couplings are used.
To create auxiliary protection of a cable line in the ground, for example, from possible subsidence of the earth, it is allowed to use an asbestos-cement pipe or a brick cable structure, which is located across the trench. In this case, the use of hollow bricks is prohibited, due to its insufficient strength.

Cable entry into the house must be carried out through a metal sleeve installed in the wall or foundation to prevent damage to the cable in case of shrinkage of the foundation and the house.
On top of the cable laid in the ground, it is necessary to lay a special signal tape warning that an electric line passes in this place.

Cable laying in a summer cottage should be carried out taking into account these basic rules and requirements, then you can be sure of the safety of the laid line for people and household electrical wiring.

Cable laying at the dacha by puncture method

This type of laying is called a puncture. This does not mean a puncture with the help of special equipment, but with a do-it-yourself sledgehammer and a pipe. Therefore, this method is only suitable for physically strong people. A well in the ground is created by piercing the ground. A puncture is the creation of a channel by pressing a metal rod into the ground in the form of a pipe with a tip. At the same time, the soil around the pipe is compacted.

Work is carried out from one (starting) trench or pit to another (reception).

On both sides of the area along which it is necessary to lay the cable, it is necessary to dig holes and place them along the axis of the proposed puncture.
Teeth are cut on the pipe, and the end of the pipe is obtained in the form of a crown. Such cutting is performed using a grinder. The pipe diameter is selected according to the cable diameter, but not less than 20 mm.
A pipe with a crown tip is placed in the starting hole on one side of the section with a crown into the ground. On the other side, it is necessary to beat with great force with a sledgehammer. This work is more convenient to carry out together.
After passing every 50 cm, the pipe must be pulled out and its inside washed out with a strong pressure of water. At sandy ground the inner cavity can be cleaned by tapping the pipe against the wall with a heavy object and pouring out the sand.
If the length of the pipe is not enough to the receiving pit, then an additional piece of pipe can be welded to it, securing it with additional fittings. If this is not done, then the welding may burst from impacts, and the second section of the pipe will remain in the ground. And getting it will be very difficult. We'll have to dig a trench.
When the teeth of the crown appear in the receiving pit, this completes the process. The teeth of the crown can be cut off with a grinder, as well as the other protruding end of the pipe on the opposite side. The pipe does not need to be pulled out of the ground, as it will be a protection for the cable.

Advantages of puncture styling

There is no need to dig a trench.
The natural environment at the place where the line is laid is not disturbed.
The cost of work is reduced.

Cable routing according to site (lighting)

The cable to the ground can run from an overhead line or from a switchboard mounted on a wall.
Draw a diagram of laying the line in the trench, marking the distance from the house of plantings and buildings on it, in accordance with the rules and regulations. If underground laying cable in the summer cottage will be carried out to power outdoor lighting, it is necessary to indicate on the diagram the location of the lamps.
The territory of the site must be marked with a rope with pegs.
Dig a trench according to the markup. Clean it from stones, debris, metal elements that may damage the cable insulation in the future.
Install lamp stands.
Tamp the bottom of the trench and make an even sand cushion 10 cm thick.
Lay the cable in the trench as described above.
The laid line of electrical wiring for the serviceability of the resistance and the absence of a short circuit.
Remove the accumulated electrostatic charge from the cable by shorting the cores with the armor and with the ground. It is necessary to use rubber gloves and boots. It is recommended to invite an assistant.
The cable must be protected according to the requirements for underground laying. If an asbestos-cement pipe is chosen for protection, then it must be cut to length and the cable laid in it. The cut pipe must be wrapped with tape. This will enable quick dismantling of the cable in the event of a malfunction.
It is recommended to take a picture of the finished electrical network line in order to save its location in the summer cottage for the future. It is also better to save the drawn drawing (you can take a picture and save it electronically), since all the necessary dimensions are indicated on it.
Fill the trench with sand with a layer of at least 15 cm, tamp.
Lay signal tape on top as required.
Pour the remaining soil into the trench, creating a hill that will level out and settle after a few rains.
Carry out control electrical measurements of the line with a megohmmeter.

Most of the time with this method is spent on digging a trench. The diameter of the pipe passing through the foundation of the house should have a diameter greater than the diameter of the cable by 2-3 times. To protect the line in the ground, it is prohibited to use a corrugated plastic pipe, since it quickly collapses in the ground. It is not recommended to lay the cable under a car park, playground or site paths.

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Before deciding how deep to bury the electric cable, it is mandatory to carry out research aimed at studying the characteristics of the soil and weather conditions in the region. Based on the information received, design engineers will be able not only to accurately determine the depth of laying electrical cables in the ground, but also the design of the trench in which, in fact, the electrical wiring will be laid.
All criteria for the performance of construction and installation works are established by the relevant regulatory and technical documentation. And here the depth of the electric cable in the ground is far from the only parameter. The distance between the cables, the quality and type of sealing of the trench, the type of embankment (substrate) for wiring, the type of drainage system (if required) - all this directly or indirectly depends on the characteristics of the soil and weather phenomena in a particular region. Let's consider individual situations.

What electrical cable can be buried in the ground

To understand whether it is possible to lay an electrical cable underground, we recommend that you read the following table:

In the presented table, cable brands are arranged in order of their preferred use in certain conditions.

General requirements

Can electric cable be laid underground? This question, perhaps, is fundamental in solving the problem of delivering electricity (or an electrical / optical signal) from one point to another. From this we can conclude that much depends on the type of wiring being laid. As an example, we give the requirements for laying a cable through which it is planned to transmit electricity with a voltage of up to 35 kV:
. The depth of laying electrical cables in the ground (when using trenches) should be 70 cm or more. The trench width is selected based on the requirement that the distance between the cables, as well as the distance between the cable and the trench wall, must be at least 250 mm.
. In some cases (presence ground water, heaving soil, etc.) the bottom and walls of the dug trench are lined with concrete slabs or other building material, the thickness and type of which depend on the weather conditions in the region, the state of the soil and other criteria.
. The bottom and walls of the trench are cleaned of objects and elements with cutting edges, as they can damage the cable sheath. If it is impossible to remove any element (for example, a stone block), its edges must be blunted. You can also sheathe the cable in the place of its contact with sharp objects or structural elements.
. A pillow about 10 cm thick is laid at the bottom of the trench. It can be sand, gravel or other material. The cable is laid on the created substrate.
. After laying the cable, it is again covered with sand (or other material). The thickness of the embankment is 10 cm (above the cable).
. For additional protection of the cable, it is recommended to cover the embankment layer with special ones (cable closing plates). PZK also serve as a signaling device (the inscription on the front side of the plate indicates the presence of cables under it). If the use of plates is not planned, a signal tape is laid, also indicating the presence of a high-voltage cable in the ground.
. An embankment is made on top of the soil, and on this the laying procedure is considered completed.
These requirements are valid both for “ordinary” soil with a moderate level of corrosion, moisture and hardness, and for heaving soils that have the feature of seasonal swelling when exposed to negative temperatures. The substrate and mound of sand, gravel or crushed stone here plays the role of a balancer that prevents cable deflection. For this laying method, any cables with tape armor (for example,) or cables without armor are suitable, provided they are laid in protective pipes.
Now let's briefly consider how to lay an electric cable in the ground in permafrost and rocky terrain.

Permafrost

At what depth to bury the electric cable in permafrost conditions (the soil is thawed no more than once every 3 years) largely depends on the average annual temperature in the region, the thickness of the soil freezing, and also on the presence / absence of such phenomena as:
. thermokarst - soil sinking during thawing;
. solifluction - sliding of soil down a slope during thawing;
. frost cracks - cracks formed during uneven compression of the soil during its cooling .;
. frost - exit and freezing of river or groundwater to the surface in winter.
Let's give an example of how to lay an electric cable in the ground in permafrost conditions, and also consider some features of this process.
. All work on the preparation of the route in permafrost conditions, including cutting down forest clearings (if any), is carried out before the ground melts.
. Cable laying, as a rule, is carried out in the active layer (subject to seasonal freezing and thawing) of the soil.
. If the thickness of the active layer is less than the design cable laying depth, work is carried out in early spring or late autumn. During these periods, the soil is still in a frozen state, and the air temperature is within acceptable limits for cable laying.
. Cable laying begins with the process of repeated plowing of the soil. To do this, special equipment with the appropriate attachments. Proporka allows you to significantly reduce labor costs for the construction of the cable route.
. In the process of cutting and other preparatory work it is necessary to monitor the safety of sod and moss soil cover. Their violation can lead to undesirable changes during thawing of the soil.
Not all types of cables are suitable for use in permafrost conditions. In such situations, special cables with round wire armor are used (for example, these are brands,). Also suitable is wiring with tape armor (,), however, before laying them, the route is subjected to embankment (a gravel-sand embankment is laid). In both cases (laying cables with wire or tape armor), drainage channels can be additionally arranged along the trenches to drain water and snow retention systems can be built.

rocky terrain

The depth at which to lay an electrical cable in rocky soil depends rather on the possibility of making trenches of a certain depth in the rock. We are talking about the possibility of using technical means in a particular area, with the help of which the destruction of rock is carried out - here you may need rooters, jackhammers or even dynamite (it all depends on the hardness, type and location of the rock being processed).
All other requirements for the trench are valid, as in the case of laying cables in "ordinary" soils. The difference may lie in the need for additional supporting structures (to increase the bearing capacity of the trench walls) and structures that protect against landslides and rockfalls.
However, an invariable requirement for the construction of cable routes in rocky areas is the use of special brands of cable with wire armor (for example,) that can resist mechanical stress, stray currents, corrosion and other external influences.

It can be purchased for laying in various types of soil at the Cable.RF ® company. We offer products manufactured in accordance with approved GOST and TU. We have set affordable prices for the entire range.