The system of irrigation, drainage of storm water and water of melting snow cover provides for a product - a reinforced concrete drainage tray. With the help of concrete trays and appropriate infrastructure, irrigation and drainage systems transport a useful or harmful product - watering or waste water on fields, storm water or sewers.

Types and sizes of reinforced concrete trays

There are two types of products for "transportation" of water: Trays for irrigation systems and Trays for road drainage equipped with protective gratings. According to the name, the first type of products is used for the construction of irrigation systems for agricultural areas, and the second type is used to ensure the rapid removal of rain and melt water from highways, highways, city roads and pedestrian sidewalks.

The main characteristics and dimensions of trays for irrigation systems are regulated by GOST 21509-76 "REINFORCED CONCRETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS TRAYS", and the main characteristics and dimensions of products for completing drainage systems for roads and pedestrian crossings are regulated by the GOST 32955-2014 "Road drainage trays".

Reinforced concrete drainage trays GOST 21509-76

Trays of this type are designed for the construction of irrigation systems designed for pumping water in an amount of up to 5 cubic meters per hour. The product is a reinforced concrete parabolic gutter of certain dimensions, which can be installed on supports or slabs, or laid in the ground.

Depending on the installation method, trays for irrigation systems are marked as LV or LRG. LV trays are installed on supports or slabs, and LRG products are laid directly into the soil.

An example of the designation of a reinforced concrete drainage tray of the LV series with a height of 400 mm: LV4. Concrete concrete factories offer for sale the following types and dimensions of trays for the construction of irrigation systems, shown in Table 1.

Designation	Overall dimensions, mm				Weight, kg
	Length	Height	Width	Wall thickness
LR4	5980	400	908	50	1080
LRG4
LR6		600	1084		1420
LRG6
LR8		800	1240	60	1920
LRG8
LR10		1000	1804	75	3310
LRG10

Reinforced concrete drainage trays GOST 21509-76 are made of heavy, reinforced with steel reinforcement. For the possibility of assembly into a single system and installation on supports (plates), each product is equipped with embedded products for welding and a parabolic recess for laying the seal.

Road trays reinforced concrete drainage GOST 32955-2014

Products of this type are used to receive surface water for further direction into sewerage systems. This refers to wastewater coming from the carriageway, pedestrian sidewalks, roadsides or soil surfaces.

At the same time, in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory document, the design of drainage products is a set - a reinforced concrete drainage tray with a grate made of cast iron.

The normative document defines the settling design types road drainage trays: box-shaped, slotted, open, rectangular, U-shaped, curb, ring and other types.

At the same time, trays can be manufactured both at reinforced concrete factories and delivered to construction sites ready for installation, or they can be manufactured directly at construction sites by pouring reinforced concrete.

GOST 32955-2014 does not regulate the rigid dimensions of reinforced concrete drainage road trays. Buyers are offered wide choose dimensions of the trays depending on the specific tasks and the length of the drainage line:

• Length from 400 to 4000 mm and more.
• Width from 500 mm and more.
• Height from 200 mm and more.

Specific dimensions of trays and gratings may differ from GOST ones. In other words, the dimensions, configuration, types of road drainage trays and gratings are specified in the projects of specific structures. As in the previous case, for the manufacture of road trays, heavy reinforced concrete of the M300 grade is used, prepared on cement of a grade not lower than CEM I 32.5N PTS.

Conclusion

Drainage trays of road or irrigation systems, despite the apparent simplicity of design, must be manufactured by specialized factories with the appropriate material and technical base that allows them to produce products that meet the requirements of current regulatory documents.

WITH high humidity high-quality drainage systems help to fight on roads and sidewalks. An integral part of them are concrete drainage trays. They work in the form of collecting drainage channels, concentrating various drains.

Installation of these structures is carried out in the most suitable places for this:

• below the sewer pipe;
• next to the road curb;
• from the ends of the annular blind areas.

Due to the presence of drainage trays, it is possible to get rid of the formation of puddles on the roadway. This contributes to an increase in the life of pedestrian and vehicular sections.

Varieties of designs

Concrete trays are usually divided into two large groups:

• involved in engineering communications;
• used in road infrastructure.

The first group is included as an element of storm sewers for various industrial buildings and domestic buildings. It helps to remove excess moisture from basements and foundations. For this operation, a built-in reinforced concrete drainage tray is used, which directs the liquid into the storm water outlets or sewer system.

The quality of roads and their service life directly depends on the use of drainage systems.

If there is no concrete tray for water drainage near the building, then excess liquid coming from the atmosphere will be absorbed into the foundation, which contributes to the formation of various fungi, mold deposits, etc.

The second batch is used in the process of diverting ground storm flows from a sidewalk, railway or highway, small paths in a park or garden.

A typical water disposal complex includes the installation of three components:

• transport channels for the incoming liquid;
• places of concentration or collection of water;
• large-mesh filters in the form of metal gratings.

Technical features of products

Modern storm trays are subject to operational and structural requirements:

• A high degree of reliability is required. The period of operation of reinforced concrete trays is calculated at an interval of 35-40 years. Mechanical destruction from concentrated moisture, exposure to ultraviolet radiation and seasonal temperature changes should not occur.
• Manufacturers choose affordable manufacturing technologies that allow reducing the cost of finished products without loss of quality. Rain concrete structures are mainly used in civil road construction.

The minimum cost of a tray for civil engineering is 160 rubles, which allows them to be installed wherever there is such a need

• It is important to ensure easy and quick docking of the elements that form concrete drainage channels into channels.

The main competitors for concrete drainage trays are products made from the following materials:

• plastic;
• polymers;
• polymer concrete;
• expanded clay;
• cast iron;
• steel, etc.

When choosing sidewalk or proper ebbs, it is necessary to take into account the maximum load on it and throughput. In the first case, the material is important, in the second - the shape and dimensions of the product.

Typical series of concrete drainage trays

The allowable force on the finished product is calculated in tons. There are several types:

Scope of application
	No more than 1.5	Mounted under a pedestrian zone or sports ground, also used in the construction of bike paths, paths on suburban area
	No more than 12.5	It is placed on car paths for a passenger mode of transport, about country garage or in car parks
		Concrete drainage trays with gratings are in demand in a car service, at a gas station, at a car wash
	No more than 40	The load allows you to put products on the road, designed for any type of transport, on modern large ATP, in industrial areas
	Maximum 60	Trays with gratings that fall into this group are usually placed in the area of ​​​​logistics centers, warehouse buildings, next to industrial enterprises
	Withstand up to 90	The specificity of such products is designed for installation at airfields or at special military bases.

In the manufacture, domestic state standards are used, which include:

• GOST 21509 - 85,
• GOST 13015.0-83,
• GOST 26633-91,
• GOST 17608-91,
• European standard EN1433.

According to these documents, concrete trays for storm sewers are made in the form of a U-shaped or U-shaped profile. The upper part is covered with a lattice.

The most popular are the following varieties:

Concrete drainage trays with a straight profile

Drainage tray having a rectilinear gutter profile and receiving water along the entire length. Two versions are provided. At the first, bricking or foundation is not used. In the second case, bedding is applied and a foundation cushion is being prepared.

The U-shaped box structure of the gutter is covered with a removable grate. It filters out large debris that can clot the central canal.

Reinforced concrete products with a removable grate that protects storm sewers from clogging

The slotted design assumes a square beam with a radius hole along the central axis. In the upper part there is a longitudinal slot used for the penetration of drains through it. It can be continuous or intermittent. It is an analogue of a box-shaped structure with gratings.

Slotted trays

A curb variety of the tray, which has a gutter in the form of an L-shaped protrusion that closes the gap.

border construction

Special designs are in demand, which include edge concrete drainage systems and telescopic trays. The installation of the first is carried out manually. They are treated with a special solution, for example, protective bituminous mastic. It must be kept cold. After it dries, installation is carried out.

Under telescopic trays, it is necessary to carry out additional strengthening of the embankment with crushed stone. Butt joints are usually cemented to seal the system.

Production methods

Concrete drainage trays are made using the vibrocompression method. The methodology is as follows:

• the container is filled with prepared concrete of the selected grade;
• set the workpiece under the press;
• in the process of force action, excess moisture and air bubbles are removed from the mass.

The composition of vibrated concrete includes cement and fine-grained filler. Reinforcement is carried out depending on the technology with one of the materials:

• steel rope;
• polymer fiber;
• fiberglass.

Metal elements undergo mandatory anti-corrosion treatment. As a result, reinforced concrete drainage trays receive positive characteristics:

• resistance to the specified parameters of dynamic loads;
• resistance to thermal changes;
• work surface with minimal roughness, providing a quick passage of debris.

The disadvantages of rain gutters made of reinforced concrete products include:

• significant mass of each product;
• relative fragility affecting the conditions of transportation;
• higher cost of transportation, in terms of unit of product.

Less costly is production using vibrocasting technology. But, finished products has some disadvantages. As a result, concrete trays have less resistance to aggressive chemical structures and are able to resist moisture poorly for a long time.

The estimated cost of a concrete half-meter tray of the SUPER Maxi DN-110 type is about 160-170 rubles. The price is affected by overall and strength parameters.

VIDEO: Production of reinforced concrete drainage trays

Installation process

The method of laying reinforced concrete products depends on the place where they are planned to be used. Most often, the classical method is practiced:

It looks like laying elements of storm sewers

1. Preparation of trenches 30 cm deep above the tray itself.
2. A layer of crushed stone and a layer of sand are poured on the bottom, they are tightly compacted - their damper cushion, which will hold a heavy product and reduce the load.
3. A concrete solution based on the M400 or M500 grades is poured onto the bottom to a depth of 150 mm.
4. Expose the trays strictly perpendicular and exactly in relation to the edge of the trench.
5. A concrete solution is poured between the walls of the tray and the trench. Leave to solidify for 10 days, after which they close the reinforced concrete products with gratings from debris.

Elements are attached to each other acrylic sealant or grooved joints, if such fasteners are provided at the factory.

VIDEO: Installation of surface drainage systems

Name:

Public automobile roads. Trays are road drainage. Technical requirements

Active

Introduction date:

Cancellation date:

Replaced with:

Text of GOST 32955-2014 Public automobile roads. Trays are road drainage. Technical requirements

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

Public automobile roads

ROAD DRAINAGE TRAYS

Technical requirements

Official edition

Stand rtinform 2016

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic Provisions” and GOST 1.2-2009 “Interstate Standardization System. Interstate standards. rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, application, updating and cancellation "

About the standard

1 Developed by Progress Stroy Limited Liability Company (Progress Stroy LLC)

2 INTRODUCED by the Interstate Technical Committee for Standardization MTK418 "Road Facilities"

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes of December 5, 2014 No. 46)

4 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of September 2015 No. 1294-st, the interstate standard GOST 32955-2014 was put into effect as a national standard Russian Federation from June 1, 2016

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards" (as of January 1 of the current year), and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in information system general use - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

© Standardinform. 2016

In the Russian Federation, this standard may not be fully or partially reproduced. replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

1 area of ​​use........................

3 Terms and definitions ..................................

4 Classification..............................

5 Specifications ..................................

6 Acceptance rules ..........................

7 Requirements for safety and environmental protection.

in Transportation and storage ..................

9 Manufacturer's Warranty..............................

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Roads for public use ROAD DRAINAGE TRAYS Technical requirements

Automobile roads of general use. Drainage road trays.Technical requirements

Introduction date - 2016-06-01 With the right of early application

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to drainage road drainage trays with a clear width of up to 1000 mm. including on road trays made at the site of work from monolithic concrete by concrete pavers with sliding formwork (hereinafter referred to as trays), mounted in traffic areas and in pedestrian areas to collect and drain water from the surface of roads, as well as pedestrian zones. and establishes technical requirements for trays, their classification and requirements for safety, labeling, transportation and storage.

The standard also establishes technical requirements for storm gratings (hereinafter referred to as gratings), embedded products and other parts integrated into prefabricated and monolithic structures of trays.

The requirements of this standard also apply to elements of stormwater and sand-trapping wells, which are structural elements of linear drainage systems.

It is allowed to use drainage trays at landscaping facilities in other territories.

2 Normative references

GOST 977-88 Steel castings. General specifications

GOST 1412-85 Cast iron with lamellar graphite for castings. Stamps

GOST 5264-80 Manual arc welding. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 5582-75 Corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant thin-sheet rolled products. Specifications

GOST 5781-82 Hot-rolled steel for reinforcing reinforced concrete structures. Specifications

GOST 6727-80 Cold-drawn low-carbon steel wire for reinforcing reinforced concrete structures. Specifications

GOST 7293-85 Cast iron with nodular graphite for castings. Stamps

GOST 8267-93 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks for construction work. Specifications

GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications

GOST 10178-85 Portland cement and slag Portland cement. Specifications

GOST 10884-94 Thermomechanically hardened reinforcing steel for reinforced concrete structures. Specifications

GOST 10922-90 Welded reinforcement and embedded products, welded fittings and embedded products of reinforced concrete structures. General specifications

GOST 11534-75 Manual arc welding. Connections are welded at acute and obtuse angles. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

Official edition

GOST 13015-2012 Reinforced concrete and concrete products for construction. General technical requirements. Rules for acceptance, marking, transportation and storage GOST 14192-96 Marking of goods

GOST 14918-80 Galvanized sheet steel with continuous lines. Specifications GOST 16523-97 Rolled thin-sheet carbon steel of high quality and ordinary quality for general purposes. Specifications

GOST 18105-2010 Concrete. Rules for control and assessment of strength GOST 19903-74 Hot-rolled sheet metal. Assortment GOST 19904-90 Cold-rolled sheet metal. Assortment

GOST 23279-85 Welded reinforcing meshes for reinforced concrete structures and products. General specifications

GOST 23732-2011 Water for concrete and mortar. Specifications GOST 26358-84 Cast iron castings. General specifications GOST 26633-2012 Heavy and fine-grained concrete. Technical requirements GOST 26645-85 Castings from metals and alloys. Dimensional, mass and machining allowances

GOST 30402-96 Construction materials. Flammability test method GOST 31108-2003 General construction cements. Specifications

GOST 32703-2014 Automobile roads for general use. Crushed stone and gravel from rocks. Technical requirements

GOST 32730-2014 Public automobile roads. The sand is crushed. Technical requirements

GOST 32823-2014 Public automobile roads. Sand is natural. Technical requirements

GOST 33174-2014 Public automobile roads. Cement. Technical requirements

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is repealed without replacement, then the application in which it is referred to is applied in honor not affecting that reference.

3 Terms and definitions

In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:

3.1 letok (drainage, waste): Prefabricated or monolithic structure, consisting of structural elements, designed to receive surface water along its entire length and direct it further into the drain.

Note - depending on the design solution, the design of the trays can be rectilinear, curvilinear, rvdius or connected at an angle.

3.2 surface water: Water flowing from the carriageway, roadside, sidewalk, highway median, as well as from buildings, structures or from the surface of the earth.

3.3 storm grate: A removable part of a box-shaped chute, installed in the structure of the chute (storm drain) to pass water into it.

Note - Typical designs gratings are shown in Figure 1.

oh oh oh oh oh oh oh oh oh

Figure 1 - Typical designs of water intake grates

3.4 storm pit

Note - Storm water inlets, as a rule, are used as a point drainage system.

3.5 sand pit concrete chamber of various depths designed to collect line and other solid residues and to be connected to storm drain systems. having the same design features, as the line of trays connected to it. The sand trap is made of one or more vertically hermetically connected parts.

3.6 waste collector (basket): Retrievable structural element of a sewer tray or sand-catching (stormwater) well, designed to collect and remove solid residues.

3.7 nominal tray width: The clear width of the tray is a design parameter corresponding to the maximum integer horizontal overall dimension of the tray in millimeters.

3.8 support surface of the tray: The surface on which the reinforcing nozzle, embedded parts are mounted or the water intake grate is laid in the tray.

3.9 reinforcement cap: Structural element made of metal, designed to protect the supporting and open surfaces of the tray from damage when vehicles move over them.

3.10 contact surface

Note - Typical designs of reinforcing nozzles are shown in Figure 2.

1 - reinforcing nozzle; a is the thickness of the vertical wall of the reinforcing nozzle. 2 - contact surface, d - sheet thickness under the contact surface; 3- water intake grate

Figure 2 - Typical designs of reinforcing nozzles

3.11 damping pad: A pad made of an elastic, easily deformable material, laid on the contact surface of the nozzle or attached along the contour to the lower surface of the water intake grate, which serves to ensure a stable position of the grate in the tray.

3.12 grating depth correct location(flush with adjacent surface) grids in the tray.

Note - Typical examples of installing a water intake grate in a flume are shown in Figure 3.

f - surface of the adjoining pavement of the highway or pedestrian zone: 2 - water intake grate: 3 "- tray wall: e ^. aj - the width of the slots between the tray body and the grate: CO - the width of the tray clearance: A - planting depth

Figure 3 - Typical examples of installing a water intake grate in a flume

3.13 chute clearance area: The free surface area located between the supporting walls or slot edges (the area of ​​the upper surface of the box-shaped chute body or the area of ​​the slit in the slotted chute); in mm 2 or cm 2.

Note - Examples of calculating the area of ​​the lumen of the tray are shown in Figure 4.

Sift area * CO -L. L "C + Lj *

Figure 4 - Examples of calculating the area to sift in trays

3.14 clearance width

Note - Examples of determining the width of the gap of the trays are shown in Figures 3 and 4.

3.15 total area of ​​gaps in the body of the slotted tray or grate: The total cross-sectional area of ​​all slots, as well as holes in the gratings or other openings for the passage of water in the slotted trays within the gap area, e mm 2 or cm 2.

3.16 the size of the ledge in the bottom of adjacent trays: The difference in the vertical marks of the bottom of the docked trays. as shown in Figure 5.

1 - the direction of the watercourse: 2 - the surface of the bottom of the trays: a - the size of the ledge in the bottom of the snow trays Figure S - Scheme for determining the size of the ledge in the bottom of adjacent trays

3.17 test load

3.18 ultimate breaking load value of the maximum load indicated in kN. upon reaching which the destruction of the product occurs when it is tested by loading.

3.19 polymer concrete material obtained by mixing polymer binder and aggregates. the structure of which is formed during the hardening of the binder.

3.20 polymeric materials: Inorganic and organic, amorphous and crystalline substances, consisting of monomer units connected into long macromolecules by chemical or coordination bonds.

4 Classification

4.1 Depending on the manufacturing method, trays are divided into:

On prefabricated (factory-made);

Monolithic (manufactured on site).

4.2 Depending on the design parameters, the trays are divided into the following types:

a) box-shaped - trays with an open top, consisting of a body and a culvert. Typical designs of trays are shown in Figure 6:

I - lattice: 2 - tray body: ft. b - internal dimensions (wetted perimeter)

Figure 6 - Typical designs of box trays

b) slotted - trays of a closed profile having a narrow continuous or intermittent slot in the upper part for the passage of water. A typical tray design is shown in Figure 7;

L, b - internal dimensions (wetted perimeter)

Figure 7 - Typical design of a slotted tray

c) curb slotted - trays of a closed profile, having a narrow continuous or intermittent slot for the passage of water. Typical designs of trays are shown in Figure 8;

L. b - internal dimensions (wetted perimeter)

Figure 8 - Typical designs of curb slotted trays

d) open - trays open upwards, consisting only of a body, or of a corlus and additional walls, increasing the possible wetted perimeter. Typical designs of trays are shown in Figure 9.

L. 6 (b^. bjj - internal dimensions (wetted perimeter)

Figure 9 - Typical designs of open trays

4.3 According to the bearing capacity, trays, including storm and sand trapping wells, and gratings, in accordance with their intended use, are divided into classes given in table 1.

Table 1 - Tray classes

load class/	Load bearing capacity
Assembly group	(test load value). kN
AO Group 1
A1S Group II
B125 group ill
C250 group IV

4.4 Depending on the perceived operational loads, the structures of the trays are divided into:

On type 1 - a tray installed without a foundation or lining, perceiving vertical and horizontal loads in the mounted state:

Type 2 - a tray installed on a foundation or a rigid base, perceiving vertical loads in the mounted state;

type 3 - a tray installed on a foundation and / or in a brickwork, perceiving vertical and horizontal loads in the mounted state;

Type 4 - a tray installed on the foundation and in a lining to the entire height of the tray, the parameters of which are determined by calculation, which perceives vertical and horizontal loads in the mounted state.

Typical examples of the design of the foundation and lining of the trays are shown in Figure 10.

1 - covering layer: ? - piece paving elements. 3 - tray. 4 - bituminous mastic: b - road surface, c - top layer of the base; 7 - concrete base: b - underlying layer

Figure 10 - Typical examples of the design of the foundation and lining of the trays

Lotto* was 1

4.5 Tray installation sites are divided into the following installation groups:

Group I - for shallow open trays mounted in cuvettes of highways, improvement areas not intended for people and vehicles.

Group II - traffic areas intended for the use of pedestrians and cyclists * mi; footpaths closed to traffic;

Group III - places of parking of automobile transport;

Group IV - traffic lanes for motor vehicles, fortified and dividing lanes, safety islands, roadsides.

4.6 Trays are marked with marks that include letter designations of the type of tray, a digital designation of the main nominal dimensions, including internal dimensions (length, height and width indicated in brackets, or diameter), expressed in centimeters and separated by a dot and a dash, as well as the alphabetic and numeric designation of the tray class, separated by a dash.

The following conventions are used to indicate the type of trays:

K - box-shaped tray;

Shch - slotted tray;

BShch - curb slotted tray;

0 - open tray:

OD - open lotus with additional walls;

P - rectangular internal section;

U - U-shaped internal section:

KS - an annular internal section;

LK - stormwater well;

PK - sand trapping well.

1 KP 100.35(25).40(33)-A15 Box-shaped tray of rectangular inner section, 1000 mm long. 350 mm wide and 400 mm high. including a clear width of 250 mm and an internal height of 350 mm. bearing capacity class A15.

2 ShKKS 200.60.60-F25-V130 Slotted tray with an annular internal section, 2000 mm long. 600 mm wide. 600 mm high. inner diameter 250 mm. bearing capacity class B130.

3 PKP v(Ts60).50.V0(60)-S250 Block of a logging well of rectangular internal section 800 mm long. 800 mm wide and S00 mm high. including internal length 600 mm and clear width 600 mm. bearing capacity class C2S0.

5 Technical requirements

5.1 General

5.1.1 Trays, storm drains and sand control wells are made of the following materials:

Heavy concrete (reinforced concrete) that meets the requirements of GOST 26633 or national standards in force on the territory of the states that voted for the adoption of the standard, including dispersed reinforced concrete:

polymer concrete;

5.1.2 Lattices of trays are made of cast iron:

With lamellar graphite;

With spherical graphite;

5.1.3 Trays and gratings must be manufactured according to working drawings approved in the prescribed manner. Trays are made in forms that ensure compliance with the requirements established by this standard for their quality and manufacturing accuracy.

5.1.4 Trays and gratings used on highways must be resistant to climatic factors and aggressive environmental factors, ensure the perception of operational loads by the walls of the trays and the grating without destruction and accumulation of deformations throughout their entire service life.

5.1.5 When heat-moisture treatment of products made of concrete (reinforced concrete), hardening regimes with isothermal holding temperature not more than 60 9 С and the rate of temperature rise and cooling of products not more than 10 *С/h should be observed.

5.2 Basic parameters and dimensions

5.2.1 The shape and nominal dimensions of trays and gratings are set by the manufacturer in agreement with the consumer.

The main parameters of the shape and dimensions should ensure that the trays and gratings correspond to their purpose, as well as the reliability and safety of their use on highways.

5.2.2 The main dimensions of the flumes include their length, width and height, the parameters of their internal riverside section (wetted perimeter), as well as the dimensions of the slots on the side slotted and slotted flumes.

The main dimensions of the gratings include their length, width and thickness, as well as the dimensions of slots and holes.

As a general rule, the internal height (depth) of a tray must be at least equal to its nominal width (clear width).

5.2.3 Compliance of trays with the requirements for their shape and size is assessed by the magnitude of the deviations of the actual values ​​of the relevant indicators from their nominal values.

The values ​​of the actual deviations of the indicators of the internal dimensions of the trays from the nominal values ​​\u200b\u200bshould not exceed the limit values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in table 2.

Table 2 - Geometric dimensions of trays and limit deviations

In millimeters

Name of internal size	Limit deviation
	Outer tray height up to 500 key	The outer height of the tray St. 500
up to 1000 keys
over 1000 to 4000 excluding keys.
up to S00 excluding
Height (diameter):
up to 200 keys

5.2.4 Errors in the manufacture of products should not exceed the following values:

a) wall thickness deviation -1.5 mm:

b) deviation from the flatness of the end faces - 2.0 mm:

f) deviation from the straightness of the profile of the upper front surface over a length of 1000 mm -1.5 mm:

d) deviation from perpendicularity of the end and adjacent faces at the height of the product:

up to 200 mm incl. - 1.5mm;

see. 200 to 500 mm wrench. - 2.5 mm:

St. 500 mm - 5.0 mm.

5.2.5 The values ​​of the actual deviations of the indicators of the internal dimensions of the trays, manufactured * at the place of work from monolithic concrete (reinforced concrete), from the nominal values ​​should not exceed the limit values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in Table 2.

5.2.6 Deviations of the internal dimensions of blocks of stormwater or sand trapping wells from the nominal ones should not exceed the following values:

13 mm - with an outer height of the tray up to 500 mm incl.:

15 mm - at the outer height of the tray St. 500 mm.

5.2.7 The width of the slot in the slotted tray can be from 10 to 42 mm depending on the location of the bed* and its axis in relation to the direction of movement of road transport and is set in accordance with Table 3.

Table 3 - Geometric dimensions of the slot in the slotted tray

5.2.8 In a curb slotted tray, the slot parameters should be:

Length - no more than 170 mm:

Width - no more than 90 mm.

In this case, the width of the vertical projection of the slot on the horizontal plane should not exceed 32 mm with a bevel angle of the front surface of the curb not more than 20 *.

5.2.9 Slots or other openings in the gratings should be evenly distributed over its entire area. The area of ​​slots or other openings must be at least 30% of its net area.

5.2.10 Parameters of slots in gratings designed for load classes A15 and B125. should be:

With a width of 6 to 18 mm excluding keys. - the length of the slot is not limited;

With a slot width of 18 to 25 mm wrench. - the length of the gap should not exceed 170 mm.

Parameters of slots in gratings designed for load class C250. depending on the location of their axes in relation to the direction of movement of road transport, it is set in accordance with table 3.

5.3 Main indicators and characteristics

5.3.1 The main indicators characterizing the quality of trays and gratings, as well as the structural materials from which they are made, include:

Appearance and surface quality of products;

Strength and crack resistance of products;

Structural material compressive strength;

Structural material tensile strength in bending;

The volume of air involved in the concrete mixture;

Frost resistance of structural material;

Waterproof construction material;

Water absorption of structural material;

Abrasion of structural material;

The thickness of the protective layer of concrete over steel reinforcement;

Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides;

The shape and quality of reinforcing and embedded products, reinforcing nozzles:

Grade of reinforcing steel, grade of steel and cast iron of embedded products and reinforcing nozzles;

Brand of cast iron gratings.

5.3.2 Appearance and surface quality of products

5.3.2.1 For trays made of concrete (reinforced concrete, dispersed reinforced concrete), the front surface must correspond to a category not lower than AB, and non-front surfaces must correspond to a category not lower than A7 according to GOST 13015 or according to the requirements of national standards in force on the territory of the states that voted for the adoption of the standard .

5.3.2.2 It is allowed to have individual defects in the form of damage on the surface of the trays, with the exception of the front surface:

Chips on the ribs of trays up to 10 mm deep with a total length of chips not more than 100 mm per one product;

Surface cracks with a width of not more than 0.1 mm with a total crack length of not more than 100 mm per item.

5.3.2.3 The presence of oil and rust stains on the front surface of open, slotted and curb slotted trays is not allowed.

5.3.2.4 Grids and reinforcing nozzles shall not have defects that reduce their strength.

On the surface of products, the presence of shells with a diameter of not more than 10 mm and a depth of

no more than 3 mm. occupying no more than 5% of the surface of the products. Cracks are not allowed. On the lower supporting surface of nozzles and gratings, slag inclusions are allowed, occupying no more than 10% of the total surface area.

5.3.2.5 Product tolerances in accordance with GOST 26645 must comply with:

Not lower than 10 accuracy class - by size;

Not lower than 11 accuracy class - by weight.

5.3.2.6 The gratings shall fit snugly against the contact surface of reinforcing attachments or embedded products. The flatness tolerance of the supporting surface of the grating should not exceed 2 mm.

Grilles designed for load class C250. must have a damping pad, which is placed on the contact surface of the nozzle or attached to the supporting surface of the grid. The design, dimensions of the gasket and methods of its fastening are determined by the manufacturer. The hardness of the damping pad must be at least 40 Shore.

5.3.3 Strength and crack resistance of products

5.3.3.1 Trays must comply with the requirements established by this standard for strength, and those made of reinforced concrete - additionally for crack resistance. and withstand the test loads specified in Table 1 during testing.

5.3.3.2 The control width of crack opening when testing for crack resistance of trays, storm drains and logging wells made of reinforced concrete should not exceed 0.2 mm.

The appearance of cracks in the bodies of products made of concrete, including dispersed reinforced concrete, and polymer concrete during strength tests is not allowed.

5.3.3.3 The gratings shall withstand the control loads specified in Table 1 during strength tests without cracking.

5.3.4 Compressive and tensile strength of structural materials in bending

5.3.4.1 Trays, storm drains and sand trapping wells are made of concrete of classes in terms of compressive strength and tensile strength in bending not lower than VZO and Vts, 4.0, respectively.

The lining and foundations of the trays should be made of monolithic concrete of a compressive strength class of at least B25.

5.3.4.2 The value of the normalized tempering strength of concrete and jelly-concrete products should be at least 90% of the concrete class in terms of compressive strength and tensile strength in bending.

5.3.4.3 The actual strength of concrete must correspond to the required strength according to GOST 18105, depending on the indicators of the actual uniformity of concrete strength.

5.3.4.4 Polymer concrete used for the manufacture of trays. vvoeraste7sut should have the following physical and mechanical parameters:

Ultimate compressive strength - not less than 90 MPa;

Bending strength - not less than 22 MPa.

5.3.5 Frost resistance of structural materials

5.3.5.1 Frost resistance of concrete of flumes, storm and sand trapping wells, as well as lining of flumes should not be lower than grade F200 when tested by the second basic method.

5.3.5.2 Frost resistance of polymer concrete trays should not be lower than grade F200 when tested by the second basic method.

5.3.6 Water tightness of construction materials

5.3.6.1 Water-tightness of concrete of trays, storm drains and sand trapping wells must be at least grade W8.

The water resistance of the concrete lining of the trays must be at least grade W6.

5.3.6.2 The water resistance of the polymer concrete of the trays must be at least grade W8.

5.3.7 Water absorption of structural materials

5.3.7.1 Water absorption of concrete of flumes, storm drains and sand trapping wells, as well as lining of flumes should not exceed 5% by weight.

Water absorption of polymer concrete should not exceed 0.5% by weight.

5.3.8 Abrasion of construction materials

The abrasion value of structural materials of slotted and curb slotted trays, as well as trays, the structural elements of which are directly exposed to the wheels of vehicles and pedestrian loads, should not exceed 0.7 g/cm*.

5.3.9 Concrete cover thickness over working steel reinforcement

The thickness of the protective layer of concrete over the working steel reinforcement for slotted and curb slotted trays must be at least 30 mm. and for other products and lining of trays - at least 20 mm.

5.3.10 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides

The value of the indicator of the total specific effective activity for trays and gratings used on public roads within the territories of settlements and zones of promising development should not exceed 740 Bq/kg. and outside settlements - 1500 Bq/kg.

5.3.11 Shape and quality of reinforcing and embedded products, reinforcing nozzles

5.3.11.1 The shape and dimensions of reinforcing and embedded products and their position in the trays and blocks of stormwater and sand trapping wells must comply with the working drawings developed and approved in the prescribed manner.

Welded reinforcing and embedded products must meet the requirements of working drawings. GOST 10922. GOST 23279.

5.3.11.2 Embedded products and reinforcing nozzles are made in the form of solid castings, stamped, bent or welded elements.

Metal castings must meet the requirements of GOST 977. GOST 26358. GOST 26645.

In the manufacture of welded embedded products and reinforcing nozzles, the requirements of GOST 5264. GOST 11534 should be observed.

5.3.11.3 Embedded products integrated into the trays during their manufacture must be connected to them using anchors in the form of a rigid single element.

5.3.11.4 The surface of reinforcement and embedded parts, reinforcing protrusions and connecting parts in direct contact with the external environment must have an anti-corrosion coating. Anti-corrosion coatings must comply with the requirements of regulatory documents. operating in the territory of the states that voted for the adoption of the standard.

5.3.12 Grades of reinforcing steel, steel and cast iron for embedded products and reinforcing nozzles

5.3.12.1 For the manufacture of reinforcing products, assembly-and-butt and butt joints, reinforcing steels specified in the working drawings are used. In this case, reinforcing steel must meet the following requirements:

Bar reinforcing steel classes A-I. A-Ill, A-IV and A-V according to GOST 5781;

* thermomechanically and thermally hardened reinforcing steel of At-ShS classes. At-IVC. At-IV and At-Vno GOST 10884:

Reinforcing wire class Вр-I in accordance with GOST 6727.

Non-weldable reinforcing steel of classes At-IV and At-V should be used in the form of solid rods of fixed length without welded joints.

5.3.12.2 For the manufacture of embedded products and reinforcing nozzles, rolled products and sheet steel specified in the working drawings are used.

Stamped, bent and welded embedded products and reinforcing nozzles are made from rolled products and sheet steel that meet the requirements of GOST 5582. GOST 14918. GOST 16523. GOST 19903 and GOST 19904.

5.3.12.3 The use of low-carbon structural steel is allowed provided that it has sufficient corrosion resistance, which is achieved by hot-dip galvanizing.

5.3.12.4 Reinforcing nozzles in the form of castings are made of cast iron grade not lower than SCH 20 according to GOST 1412. GOST 7293.

5.3.13 Grating cast iron grade

Lattices in the form of castings are made of cast iron grade not lower than SCH 20 according to GOST 1412. GOST 7293.

5.4 Material requirements

5.4.1 Requirements for materials for the preparation of concrete mixtures

5.4.1.1 The workability of concrete mixes shall correspond to that specified in the technological regulations for the manufacture of trays and concrete lining.

5.4.1.2 The volume of entrained air in concrete mixtures shall be not less than that specified in the selection of the composition of the mixture and be in the range from 5% to 7%.

5.4.1.3 For cooking concrete mix Portland cement should be used for concrete coatings and artificial structures CEM i N. CEM ll / A-Sh N strength classes 32.5-52.5 according to GOST 33174.

It is allowed to use Portland cement PC-D0-N and PC-D20-N. containing the addition of blast-furnace granulated slag, not more than 15% by weight of clinker, grades 400-550 according to GOST 10178 or Portland cement CEM I N and CEM ll / A-Sh N. containing the addition of blast-furnace granulated slag, not more than 15% by weight of clinker, strength classes 32.5-52.5 according to GOST 31108. The content of tricalcium aluminate in the clinker should not exceed 8% by weight.

5.4.1.4 8 crushed stone from dense rocks that meets the requirements of GOST 32703 should be used as a coarse aggregate. It is allowed to use crushed stone from dense rocks that meets the requirements of GOST 8267.

16mm - LOGOST32703:

20 mm - according to GOST 8267.

Grade of crushed stone must be at least 1200. Frost resistance grade - at least F200.

5.4.1.5 8 natural and crushed sands that meet the requirements of GOST 32823 and GOST 32730 should be used as a fine aggregate, not lower than class I or mixtures thereof.

It is allowed to use natural and crushed fishing lines that meet the requirements of GOST 8736. not lower than class I or mixtures thereof.

5.4.1.6 Water for the preparation of concrete mixtures must meet the requirements of GOST 23732.

5.4.17 Plasticizing and air-entraining chemical additives should be introduced into the concrete mixture. Chemical additives must comply with the requirements of regulatory documents* in force in the territory of the states that voted for the adoption of the standard.

5.4.1.8 To increase the specific impact strength of concrete and crack resistance of concrete products, it is recommended to introduce fibers from artificial, synthetic and natural fibers into the concrete mixture.

Fiber made of artificial fibers of organic or mineral origin must be alkali-resistant, the fibers must have a special coating that prevents them from clumping when a static electric charge accumulates on their surface during mixing of the fiber-reinforced concrete mixture.

The quality of the fiber must comply with the requirements of the regulatory documents in force in the territory of the states that voted for the adoption of the standard.

5.4.2 Requirements for materials for the preparation of polymer concrete mix

5.4.2.1 The following synthetic resins should be used for the preparation of lolimer concrete mixtures:

Furfural acetone:

Unsaturated polyester;

Furano-epoxy:

Methacrylic acid methyl ester (methyl methacrylate monomer).

8 as hardeners for synthetic resins use:

Benzolsulfonic acid - for furfural acetone resins;

Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide - for polyester resins;

Polyethylenepolyamine - for furano-epoxy resins;

A system consisting of technical dimelaniline and benzoyl peroxide - for methyl methacrylate.

8 cobalt naphthenate is used as a hardening accelerator for polyester resins.

To reduce the volatility of methyl methacrylate, petroleum wax should be used.

5.4.2.2 Catapine and Alkamon should be used as plasticizers. melami-co-formaldehyde resin and sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde compounds (plasticizer C*3).

5.4.2.3 Crushed stone from dense rocks that meets the requirements of GOST 32703 should be used as a coarse aggregate. It is allowed to use crushed stone from dense rocks that meets the requirements of GOST 8267.

The use of crushed stone from sedimentary rocks is not allowed.

The maximum grain size of crushed stone should not exceed:

16 mm - according to GOST 32703;

20 mm - according to GOST 8267.

For the preparation of a polymer concrete mixture, crushed stone of a fraction of 8-16 mm according to GOST 32703 or a fraction of 10-20 mm according to GOST 8267 is used.

Grade crushed stone should not be lower than 1200. Grade frost resistance - not lower

5.4.2.4 As a fine aggregate, natural and crushed sands of medium size or coarse, meeting the requirements of GOST 32823 and GOST 32730, not lower, or mixtures thereof, should be used.

It is allowed to use natural and crushed sands of medium or large size that meet the requirements of GOST 8736. or mixtures thereof.

Natural and crushed sands should not contain inclusions of sedimentary origin.

5.4.2.5 Moisture content of coarse and fine aggregates shall not exceed 0.5% by mass.

5.4.2.6 Andesite, quartz or diabase flour, marshalite and graphite powder should be used as a filler.

It is allowed to use finely ground crushed stone from dense rocks and quartz sand.

5.4.2.7 The value of the specific surface of the filler should be in the range from 250 to 300 m 2 /kg.

The moisture content of the filler should not exceed 1% by weight.

5.5 Marking

5.5.1 When supplying side stones to the consumer, the manufacturer (supplier) ensures their marking in accordance with GOST 14192 and the requirements of this standard.

5.5.2 When labeling trays, the norms of the legislation in force in the territory of the states that voted for the adoption of the standard and establishing the procedure for labeling products with information in the state language must be observed.

5.5.3 Marking should be applied to the packaging of products, and in case of its absence - to side surface not less than 10% of the number of delivered products in the lot.

Marking on the front surface or base of the trays is not allowed.

5.5.4 Markings should contain:

Type indication. type, load class, installation group and main dimensions of the product;

Designation of this standard:

Trademark or short name of the manufacturer;

Date of manufacture in the format: y. mm.dd. (for example, the date March 4, 2015 is indicated: 03/15/04);

The mass of the product in tons;

Technical control stamp.

5.5.5 Markings should be visible during storage, easy to read and resistant to weather and mechanical stress.

5.5.6 In necessary cases, it is allowed to apply mounting and manipulation signs to the surface of products (except for the front surface).

6 Acceptance rules

6.1 Trays must be accepted by the manufacturer's technical control service. Acceptance of trays is carried out in batches in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13015 or with national standards in force on the territory of the states that voted for the adoption of the standard. The composition of the batch includes products of the same type and class, sequentially manufactured by the enterprise using the same technology for no more than one day from materials of the same type and quality.

When manufacturing a tray irregularly or in small quantities, subject to ensuring the uniformity of product quality, it is allowed to include products manufactured within several days, but not more than one week, into the batch.

6.2 Trays are accepted according to the results of acceptance and periodic tests. For periodic testing, documented seasonal production shutdowns are not included in the period between tests.

6.3 Trays accept:

According to the results of acceptance tests - for concrete products in terms of strength (concrete class in terms of compressive strength and tempering strength), the volume of air involved, the compliance of reinforcement, reinforcement and embedded products with working drawings, the strength of welded joints, the accuracy of geometric parameters, the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to reinforcement, crack width, quality of concrete surfaces and appearance, the presence of an anti-corrosion coating on the exposed surfaces of embedded products, the correctness of marking.

For polymer concrete products - in terms of compressive strength, compliance of reinforcing and embedded products with working drawings, strength of welded joints, accuracy of geometric parameters, crack opening width, surface quality and appearance, presence of anti-corrosion coating on unopened surfaces of embedded products, correctness of marking;

According to the results of periodic tests - for concrete products in terms of tensile strength in bending (concrete class in terms of tensile strength in bending), frost resistance, water resistance, water absorption. abrasion, specific effective activity of natural radionuclides.

For products made of polymer concrete - in terms of bending strength, frost resistance and water resistance. food absorption. abrasion, specific effective activity of natural radionuclides.

6.4 Tests of trays by loading for strength and crack resistance (for trays made of reinforced concrete) are carried out before the start of their mass production, when structural changes are made to them, when the manufacturing technology and quality of materials change, as well as in the process of serial production * eodstea within the time limits established in the working product drawings.

Load testing of products in case of making structural changes to them or changing the manufacturing technology may not be carried out in agreement with the design organization - the developer of working drawings.

6.5 Tests of structural materials for resistance to bending, frost resistance, water permeability and water absorption are carried out during the development of the production of products and subsequently when changing the manufacturing technology, the nominal composition of the material, the type and quality of materials, but not less often:

Once every 1 month - bending strength:

Once every 3 months - water absorption:

Once every 6 months - frost resistance, water resistance and abrasion resistance.

6.6 Tests in terms of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in structural materials are carried out during the initial selection of the nominal composition of the material, as well as when changing the quality of the materials used, when the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in new materials exceeds the corresponding characteristics of previously used materials.

6.7 The release strength of concrete products is determined after the expiration of the estimated period, which is set taking into account the duration of storage of products after stripping, or upon release to the consumer.

6.8 Determination of water absorption of concrete trays is carried out after reaching the tempering strength of concrete.

6.9 Acceptance of products in terms of the accuracy of geometric parameters, the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement, the width of the crack opening, the quality of the surfaces and appearance, the presence of grease and rust spots on the surfaces of the products is carried out based on the results of a single-stage selective control in accordance with GOST 13015 or national standards in force in the territory of the states that voted for the adoption of standards.

6.10 The presence of grease and rust stains on the surfaces of products, the presence of mounting loops and their cleaning from concrete sagging, the presence and correctness of marking products are determined by the results of continuous control.

6.11 A batch of products not accepted based on the results of selective control is subject to piece acceptance. In this case, the acceptance of products should be carried out according to the indicators for which the batch was not accepted.

6.12 The consumer has the right to carry out quality control of products according to indicators that can be checked on finished products, while applying the acceptance rules established by this standard.

6.13 Each batch of trays accepted by the manufacturer's technical control must be accompanied by a quality document in accordance with GOST 13015 or in accordance with national standards in force on the territory of the states that voted for the adoption of standards.

6.14 8 quality document should indicate:

Name and address of the manufacturer;

Number and date of issue of the document;

Batch number:

Name, type and class of products in terms of bearing capacity;

The number of products of each type and class in terms of bearing capacity:

Date of manufacture of products;

Concrete class for compressive strength (ultimate compressive strength);

Flexural tensile strength class of concrete (flexural strength);

Release strength of concrete:

Frost resistance mark;

Waterproof mark;

Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides 4, f f. Bq/kg;

The designation of this standard;

Manufacturer's warranty.

7 Safety and environmental requirements

7.1 Trays must ensure the safety of their use on roads in accordance with the laws of the states that voted for the adoption of the standard.

7.2 Trays installed in areas of pedestrian, cyclist and vehicular traffic should not have sharp corners and cutting edges on the front surface.

7.3 Radiation safety of side stones is characterized by the indicator of the total specific effective activity of natural radionuclides.

The values ​​of the indicator of the total specific effective activity of natural radionuclides for trays used on roads and within the territories of settlements and zones of promising development should not exceed 740 Bq/kg.

The values ​​of the indicator of the total specific effective activity of natural radionuclides for trays used on roads outside settlements should not exceed 1500 Bq/kg.

7.4 If necessary, in accordance with the national regulations in force on the territory of the states that voted for the adoption of the standard, the maximum allowable value of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in relation to flumes can be changed within the limits specified in 7.3.

7.5 Structural polymer concrete materials for the manufacture of trays must be fireproof or slow-burning.

7.6 In terms of flammability, the materials of the trays must belong to a group not lower than VZ according to GOST 30402.

8 Transport and storage

8.1 Trays are allowed to be transported by all modes of transport. At the same time, the transportation rules are established in accordance with the legislation of the states that voted for the adoption of the standard, and the requirements of the documents governing the transportation of goods.

Loading, unloading and fastening of trays during transportation should be carried out in accordance with the requirements specifications loading and securing cargo.

8.2 When loading trays into a vehicle, the conditions for uniform distribution of the load relative to its axes and ensuring the necessary clearance between the products and the sides of the vehicle should be observed.

8.3 Transportation and storage of trays made of cement-bound concrete is carried out in accordance with the requirements of this standard. GOST 13015 or in accordance with national regulations in force in the territory of the states that voted for the adoption of the standard.

8.4 When transporting trays and loading and unloading operations, it is prohibited:

Loading and transportation of products in bulk:

Drop unloading:

Moving products by dragging, without spacers and rollers;

Loading and transportation of products made of cement-based concretes until they reach their tempering strength.

During transportation, the products must be securely fastened and must not be subjected to shocks and shocks.

8.5 During transportation, the trays must be provided with the necessary accompanying documentation.

8.6 Trays should be stored in warehouse conditions sorted by types, types and classes of load in stacks with a height of no more than 2 m, while ensuring their stability and eliminating the possibility of falling products.

The place (platform) for storing the trays must have a solid, even surface with a provided drainage system.

8.7 When stored in stacks, trays should be stacked on inventory pads and / or pads of rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section made of wood or other materials that ensure the safety of products, with a thickness of at least 30 mm and a length corresponding to the dimensions of the product. At the same time, products of the same size and shape should be stacked in a stack, and the gaskets should be placed on the same stacks one above the other. Unless otherwise specified, the distance from the edges of the gaskets to the ends should be about 25% of the nominal length of the product.

8.8 Storage conditions should ensure the visibility of markings and free access to products, as well as the possibility of warehouse control and the use of mechanization when loading products onto vehicles.

8.9 During transportation, storage of trays and during loading and unloading operations, the requirements of industrial safety and labor protection must be observed.

9 Manufacturer's warranties

9.1 The manufacturer guarantees the conformity of the supplied products with the requirements of this standard, subject to the rules of transportation and storage established by this standard.

9.2 The manufacturer guarantees for at least 3 years the safety of consumer qualities of products, subject to the instructions for installation and use established by the design documentation. and operation of linear drainage systems using mechanisms and tools that exclude mechanical damage to products.

Directions for use

A.1 Installation of trays is carried out in accordance with the design documentation.

A.2 After installation, the structure of the mounted trays must be strong and rigid, withstand operational loads from the effects of vehicles and linear temperature deformations, provide for the reception and removal of surface water and be waterproof.

To ensure the integrity of the design of the trays, including those with concrete lining, it is necessary to provide transverse expansion joints.

A.3 If the elements (blocks) of the trays are made with a longitudinal slope of the bottom. then its value should be at least 0.3%. In this case, the blocks of trays must be appropriately marked to ensure their consistent assembly.

A.4 Adjacent trays should be joined in such a way that there is no narrowing of the inner section. The size of the ledge in the bottom of the joined trays should not exceed 5.0 mm.

A.S If sand trapping wells or waste bins are provided for in the design of the trays, then their design must ensure unhindered drainage and ventilation, provided that they are completely filled with sand or other objects.

A.6 Joints of trays, expansion joints, and joints of trays with an adjacent coating should be sealed.

For sealing joints and seams, materials are used that provide reliable performance trays without compromising their water tightness.

A.7 Depth of grating in the tray structure should be at least:

20 mm - for class A15 gratings;

25 mm - for gratings of class 8125;

35 mm - for class C250 gratings.

A.8 The difference in height between the upper edge of the grating and the surface of the tray, facing the surface of the pavement of the roadway, should not exceed 1.0 mm.

A.9 To limit the horizontal displacement of the grate in the tray, the width of the gap between the grate body and the tray body (reinforcing nozzle) should not exceed 3 mm around the perimeter.

A.10 The opening angle of the gratings, which are hinged to the body of the tray or reinforcing nozzle, in relation to the surface of the coating should be at least 100 *. unless other requirements are specified in the project documentation.

A.11 The design of the linear surface drainage system, made of trays, must be maintainable and provide the ability to:

Cleaning of debris from trays and sand-trapping wells, water outlet pipes and openings, garbage collectors and grate openings, as well as removing snow and ice formations.

Periodic inspection of the integrity of its separate parts, additional elements, connecting nodes;

Replacements for damaged items:

Timely inspection of the state of the anti-corrosion coating on its elements, maintenance and restoration of damaged areas of the coating:

Cleaning trays in the following ways:

a) mechanically, by cleaning accessible places and removing debris in a mechanized or manual way.

6) hydrodynamic, by flushing the system with a high-pressure water jet;

c) thermal or chemical, by melting and giving ice formations.

UDC 626.861.5:625.7:006.384 MKS 93.080.30

Key words: highway, road trays, grids, technical requirements, safety

Editor A, A - Bakan Technical editor 8.N. Prusayaoaa Corrector U.C. Kabashoaa Computer art by A. N. Zololtareoi

Handed over and set 12/14/2015. Signed for printing on 02/08/2016. Format 50.64^ Typeface Arial.

Uel. Pen. I am. 2.79. Uch.-iad. l. 2.40. Circulation EZ eke. Zek. 35.

Published and printed by FSUE "STAMDARTINFORM", 123905 Moscow, Granatny per., 4. www.90stinfo.1u

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Concrete drainage trays are one of the most necessary details in the construction and organization of rainwater drainage systems from buildings and in the organization of cable systems. Consider what trays are and how they are used.

Types and purpose

The strength and durability of concrete structures is ensured by the quality and water resistance of the concrete grade used for pouring the mold. That is why, at the heart of the trays, there is a mixture of a brand not lower than M-200. In addition, the cores are made of class A reinforcement or the wire base of the brand Bp-I. The quality of the finished product is regulated by the requirements of GOST 21509-85.

Here are the main parameters that are prescribed in GOST:

• moisture resistance and the ability to withstand frost;
• resistance to corrosion of metal parts and fittings;
• thickness and density of the concrete layer;
• general characteristics of the concrete mix;
• resistance of the finished product to mechanical stress;
• the presence of voids in the cavity of the product.

Depending on the ratio of all the above parameters, there are three areas of use of concrete drainage trays:

• drainage - function;
• for cable laying;
• for the protection of heating mains.

Let's take a closer look at drainage trays

From the name of the product it is clear that they are used to organize drainage and drains. Functions performed by these products:

1. Providing drainage, that is, removing excess moisture from the surrounding soil.
2. Redistribution of moisture. Removing water from the roadway and transporting it to the roadside or slopes.
3. Organization of channels for the outflow of water.
4. Ensuring the outflow of storm water.
5. Sewer function - connections of drainage systems with collectors.

Types of drainage trays

In accordance with GOST, there are three main types:

• in the form of a trapezoid;
• in the form of the letter P;
• in the form of a parabola.

In this case, the first and second types can be both with a flat flat inner base, and in the form of a round gutter.
All the main characteristics, as well as the scope of their application, can be found in the marking. It is especially important to study the marking during the construction or installation of pipelines in difficult environmental conditions. For example, when laying tracks in soil subject to seasonal fluctuations: swampy terrain, the presence of a clay layer, the presence ground water.

This also includes works that are carried out in the conditions of the Far North. Here the most important requirement is resistance to low temperatures.
Drainage trays are marked with the letter L, and two digits indicate the series number and the maximum vertical load.

For ease of installation, the trays are of two types: prefabricated and integral.
Common models: length ranges from 0.72 meters to 6 meters, and width from 0.4 meters to 1.84 meters, edge height from 0.38 meters to 1.32 meters.

Concrete trays for the construction of heating mains

The main purpose of these trays is reliable protection of the pipeline against corrosion, reduction of heat loss and protection of pipes from rodents. For sewerage and heating mains I use two types of trays:

• GOST Klp - these trays are covered with removable covers;
• GOST Kls - connection using channel fasteners.

The advantage of concrete trays over brick counterparts:

• saving time and effort during installation, due to the simplicity and integrity of the structure;
• significant cost reduction due to the reduction of consumables;
• significant superiority in bearing load;
• the ability to withstand sudden temperature changes and soil fluctuations.

Groundwater resistance

To use trays for sewerage, the letter K is indicated, and for heating mains, the letter L.
Let's compare the cost of various concrete trays.
When buying a tray, you need to analyze in detail all the parameters of the product you have chosen: load, dimensions, assembly method and the availability of a certificate.

The average price for one LK type tray measuring 350 mm by 350 mm and 2970 mm will be 1,700 rubles. It can be used to provide drain systems. For example, in the construction of highways or bridges.
The product L 2-8 \ 2 with parameters 360 mm by 570 mm and 2970 mm will cost 2450 rubles. These trays are wider and are ideal for the construction of drainage systems for walking paths and the removal of rainwater from residential buildings.

LK 300. 4 5.30-1, has the following dimensions: 280 mm by 430 mm and 2990 mm. The price of this tray will be 3315 rubles. Such products are ideal for installing heating systems and laying cables.
The most expensive option is L 10-8 \ 2 with parameters 550 mm by 1480 mm and 2970 mm. The cost of this product is 6600 rubles.