How to make a metal staircase to the house. Do-it-yourself installation of a metal staircase to the second floor. Stringers and bowstrings

The metal staircase will fit perfectly into modern interior

Stairs to the second floor must be planned at the design stage of the house. When a professional architect deals with its shape and size, he carefully selects a place for her in the house. He tries on her gait and style, fits her into the interior. Of course, with such a designer, you will not need knowledge on installation and installation. But what if you like to create with your own hands? If the process itself, as well as the unsurpassed result, gives you pleasure? In this case, you just have to learn the rules of manufacture and, their types and forms, in general, become an architect. - this is very reliable way connect floors to each other. Iron structures have many advantages with certain disadvantages.

Advantages

The malleability of the metal allows us to embody our most sophisticated fantasy. Constructions from it have durability and can convey the beauty of the product for many generations. The strength of the elements and the rigidity of the joints make it possible to use metal both as a frame and as a decorative material. Welding and anchor fastenings give reliability and stability to flights of stairs. A properly treated surface will last a long time with simple care.

Metal allows you to create very unusual designs

disadvantages

So that metal marches are not bulky in the interior, you should choose the shape and type of connections. It may be necessary to build a partition as an additional support for the frame. A metal staircase must be installed on a solid foundation, since the metal has its own considerable weight, and thin twigs will not withstand the loads. As a rule, metal is used as stringers, bowstrings and railings, and another material is used for steps, such as wood or stone. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully consider the places and options for connections. different materials.

Although, in some cases, the use of metal steps is very appropriate.

Working with metal requires special skills, equipment and free space. Stringers and bowstrings made of metal are quite heavy. Installing them alone will be difficult. You can assemble a modular staircase with your own hands if you have welding skills. As a last resort, invite a welder and explain with the help of a drawing which ladder he needs to make.

But to create such a design, only a welder is not enough

Paper will endure everything

From what drawing you make, how deeply and in detail you think through all the elements, sizes and mounting options, the speed of construction, the beauty and reliability of your stairs depend. The first thing to do is to define a place for it and choose a type:

Your first choice moved you out of a state of rest. Now you should go further and choose the option of the base or supporting structure:

without visible supporting elements. A frame made of bowstrings or stringers is rigidly attached to the floor and ceiling, connecting the second floor with the first.

This design is more complicated, but also the most effective.

Modular types of stairs

If you have chosen a metal staircase for making with your own hands, relying on one central support, then you should consider the possibility. Then you can, without noise, dust and energy costs, assemble all the constituent elements into a single staircase with your own hands. To do this, you can also postpone the assembly process to a later date, bringing to the end interior decoration rooms, and calmly pick up the finished staircase in style. Assembling a modular ladder

As a rule, modular types of stairs are included detailed instructions by installation. You only need to correctly determine the place of attachment of the central support, think about how to attach this structure to the ceiling and assemble it, like a designer.

Important!The exit to the second floor must be fenced with a railing.

Stringers and bowstrings

If you decide to make steps to the second floor with your own hands using stringers, then for treads up to 800 mm wide, one central stringer is enough. It will support the steps from below with a leveling platform on a frame made of angle or profile pipe. It is possible, as an option, to make a kosour from a profile pipe by welding it from segments at a right angle. Then the pipe should be chosen with a size of 120x60 mm. To make a platform for a wooden or stone step from a sheet of 5 mm. Drill four holes for the cap screws. For greater stability, you can fix the sheet through the corners or cross scarves.

The metal staircase on the central stringer looks the most sophisticated

The steps of the stairs on bowstrings are most often covered with wooden, glass or stone overlays.

Advice! Do not pay attention to bulky metal stairs. For the first time for making with your own hands, choose the least time-consuming, but the most stylish, durable and lightweight design. The supporting elements must be both powerful and not massive.

Conditions of comfort and safety

To make a metal staircase comfortable and beautiful, you need to realize a few clear indispensable rules.

Careful observance of elementary rules will ensure the appearance of comfortable and safe flights of stairs in your home. You, your family and numerous friends will enjoy using it.

If the exit to the second floor is done in hardwood floor, then it must be between the beams and not exceed 800 mm, so as not to cut them.
If the width of the steps to the second floor is more than 900 mm, then two stringers or bowstrings must be installed.
Steps made of stone or hardwood can be installed on gussets from the corner with the edge out, where the long part will lie under the tread, and the short part will be exactly the height of the riser. These frames are welded to the end, narrow part of the supporting stringer. From the inside of the enclosing bowstrings, straight segments of a corner or a profile pipe can be welded. Then the edges should be rounded or muffled with plastic, and the treads will lie between the bowstrings.
Welding work and fastening stringers and bowstrings to the wall should be carried out after laying electrical cables, installing partitions and fixing drywall to the wall. This is necessary to avoid inconvenience in making a strobe behind and under the stringers. It is desirable that the rough finish of the room does not creep onto the flight of stairs.
The installation of all elements must be checked by level and only then welded or bolted thoroughly.

Creation of stairs on stringers

Do not worry, you will definitely make an exit not on the second floor. Make it with your own hands. Your staircase will be beautiful and light, because it will not have risers, and you will certainly beat the space under it with some kind of locker. You will try and foresee everything that an experienced architect would think.

For the manufacture of stairs in Russia, metal is used most often. It costs less natural stone, and statistics show that in terms of frequency of installation, metal stairs are in second place after wooden ones.

Features of metal structures: pros and cons

In private construction, metal stairs are used somewhat less frequently than in industrial construction, where, for example, metal stairs for sewer wells are widely used. But the main advantage and advantage of steel stairs is that they can be combined. The combination with stone and glass finishes is simply magnificent.

Among other advantages, several can be distinguished.

High level of strength and durability. Metal is one of the strongest and most reliable materials. Structures made from it are resistant to loads, damage, temperature extremes, and aggressive substances.
Long service life. Such ladders serve more than 50 years.
Fire safety. Iron ladders do not burn and do not support combustion.
Easy operation. Ladders made of metal require virtually no maintenance.
aesthetic appearance. Metal stairs often look less bulky than wooden or concrete ones.
Advantage in terms of price. Stairs made of metal are cheaper than wooden counterparts by an average of 15 - 20%.
The ladder can be installed in a few days.
A large number of forms and types.

There are some drawbacks to metal stairs.

If the steps are made of wood and attached to a metal base, a creak will be heard when walking.
The stairs need to be painted, otherwise corrosion cannot be avoided.
During operation, the ladder makes noise, which is not always convenient.
Surface treatment with protective compounds is a laborious process. First, the metal will have to be sanded, then everything should be coated with an anti-corrosion compound.
If the stairs are not professionally made, the welds will look sloppy and difficult to fix.

As for the cost of structures, the range here is very wide. It depends on the size and type of construction, the presence of additional elements and other things.

Behind original project and unusual design solutions will have to pay a significant amount. Installation times also depend on a large number factors. If the staircase is bulky, installation should be carried out at the very beginning of work so that the decorative cladding is not damaged.

Only specialists can handle the installation of a number of structures, and this further increases the cost.

All shortcomings, if desired, can be eliminated if the estimate allows you to include additional funds. For example, you can set wooden steps, and stone, instead of ordinary steel, you can use chrome-plated.

Essential elements

Before choosing the shape of the structure, you need to figure out what components the staircase consists of.

Although there are many types of stairs, there are three common elements:

bearing parts;
fencing;
steps.

The bearing part connects the main structural elements. She is responsible for ensuring that the load is distributed evenly. Due to the base, the platforms and floors are connected to each other.

What are the steps, no need to explain. They are the first to receive the entire load and transfer it to the base.

Let us consider in more detail the structural elements in relation to metal flights of stairs.

Middle line. This strip is imaginary, approximately passing through the middle of the span, if the staircase is straight.
Kosoura. Beams on which steps are installed.
Bowstring. A beam with an inclination, steps are attached to it.
Balustrade. fencing small size. It consists of figured columns, which are interconnected and are located along the entire perimeter of the opening.
Handrail. One of the details of the railing. They can be placed on the walls or on separate racks.

Stairway. March, which consists of beams and steps, an inclined element.
Railing. Rather, a security fence is most often not a load-bearing element.
Pillar. Rack for fixing railings.
Boltsy. In some cases, the base of the stairs is the railing. The steps in this case are suspended from the railing on bolts, which are called bolts. Such a device is rarely used, most often for high-tech interiors.
Console. This is a load-bearing step, one side of which is built into the wall. The load when using this option is not redistributed evenly, such devices are designed for low weight.

As for the steps, they are not as simple as it might seem. If we talk about service stairs, then usually this is a corrugated steel plate, but the steps of the stairs to the second floor of the house consist of two main elements.

Tread. These are horizontal planes that you step on. Tread depth - step, height - rise.
Riser. The vertical plane of the steps. This element makes the steps more durable.

If marches are not originally designed for heavy weight, they can be performed without risers.

As for materials, internal metal stairs can be made from:

corrugated steel;
professional pipes;
sheet steel;
welded grating;
fittings;
notches;
channel;
duplex and so on.

You can make a staircase with your own hands from a metal corner. From it it is convenient to carry out the frame of the entire structure, as well as frames for fences.

Regulatory requirements

For the installation of flights of stairs, specific requirements have been developed, set out in several GOSTs. In short, SNiP must also be taken into account in the design process. The difference is that the requirements of GOST are mandatory, and SNiP is advisory in nature.

It should be noted that, in addition to convenience, stairs of any type should be as safe as possible for people.

Fences, taking into account the average height of a person, must be at least 90 cm high. Step parameters: span - about 25 cm, rise 12 - 20 cm.
The width of the march is not less than 80 cm and not more than 1 m.
Strength level: 180-220 kg/sq. cm for platforms and marches, 100 kg for railings.
The march should have from 3 to 18 steps, it is better if there are an odd number of them. The design is considered ideal if all marches are the same size with the same number of steps.

The staircase must be fully lit. Each span should be clearly visible, you can use additional illumination of the steps.
Slip protection is required. For this, special overlays on the steps are used. If the stairs are lined with ceramics/stone, all aluminum profiles with rubber inserts can be fitted.

An important point concerns the railings of flights of stairs. The distance between the bars of the lattice in the fences should not exceed 15 cm. This requirement is easily explained, especially if you have small children. There are many cases when a child simply sticks his head between the bars, which then leads to injuries.

If you plan to use glass as a protective structure, use tempered or reinforced material.

All constituent elements must be connected to each other by welding or bolts.

Supports shall be made of high strength carbon steel/cast iron. The entire structure must be treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

Regardless of which scheme or drawing is developed, sufficient attention must be paid to stairs. If the structure is fragile, it is fraught with injury to people.

Varieties and design options

The most popular types of metal stairs will be considered below. We note immediately that the frame can be open and closed. The closed one does not need to be processed after assembly, while the open one requires grinding and cleaning. And now for the varieties.

Straight staircase with metal stringers

In this case, steps and components of the fence are installed on the kosour.

How many stringers will be depends on the width of the flight of stairs, as well as the level of load on it. Kosour can be one, as in the example below, or several.

This type of design has several important advantages:

ease;
visually does not clutter up the space;
increased strength (can be used at industrial facilities);
if necessary, you can use any decor for decoration.

Inclined stairs on bowstrings

Staircase with soaring steps - cantilever

First of all, it simplifies space. The steps, which are frozen in the air, are great for houses decorated in the style of minimalism.

Despite the fact that the design seems fragile, it is absolutely reliable and durable.

Combined variant

Combining consoles + string frame. The steps are "airy", but at the same time they have a reliable base in the form of a metal stringer, which is installed along the wall.

Spiral metal stairs

In this case, the steps are placed in a spiral around the central pillar. Such ladders are highly reliable, and they can be made from a profile pipe. Even if their production was carried out according to standard project, the appearance will end up completely different due to coloring and other decor.

Stairs of this type are used more often in small rooms, the cost is relatively low.

Modular designs

Fit into any interior from modern to classic. The elements of the stairs are universal, the styles are diverse. You can assemble such a ladder yourself, it will take only a few hours.

Marching stairs

Mid-flight stairs are the simplest similar products in design. It is easy to place in any size room. It is considered the safest design.

Metal stairs with glass steps

Working with this design is complicated due to the presence of a large number of glass elements. Glass is used only the most durable, fully meeting all safety requirements.

Double-flight stairs with a platform

This type stands out separately, as it has a serious advantage over other structures: an intermediate platform between spans.

In addition, there are the following positive qualities:

it is easy to design;
no need for large labor costs in the manufacturing process;
significant savings on building materials;
high degree of comfort;
safety in operation;
presentable appearance.

In the process of building double-flight stairs, it is better to combine several materials in order to optimize the cost and develop a successful style solution. For example: the frame will be metal, and the decor elements will be wooden, or the lining will be made of stone.

Almost all types of stairs that we talked about above can be prefabricated. Their plus is that you can assemble them, even if the house has already finished the walls and the floors are covered.

If you are far from professional in the manufacture of stairs, you can choose a ready-made one. They are modern, light and fit perfectly into the interior of any private home.

The design of the stairs largely depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which it will be located. It should complement the overall picture, and not fall out of it.

It is worth focusing on the style in which the housing itself is decorated.

IN classic interiors it is better to place expensive stairs with natural wood trim or luxurious forging for metal.

But in the case of minimalism, extra details are useless; you can make a ladder structure from plexiglass.

Attention should be paid not only to the staircase itself, but also to the space under it. If possible, you can arrange a place for reading and relaxing there.

Three ways of manufacturing and installation

It is more difficult to make an interfloor metal staircase yourself than a wooden one, even if we talk about simple options. In order to weld a metal structure, you need to have at least minimal experience and skills in working with metals. And if we discuss casting and forging, then the process becomes even more complicated. And now a kind of step-by-step instruction.

Before starting work, it would be useful to study the literature and other special sources, as well as purchase necessary tools. First of all, it is a welding machine, and for beginners, an inverter-type device is suitable as the easiest to use.

You will also need:

Bulgarian;
mechanical saw;
emery wheel.

If the steps are made of wood, you will have to purchase:

circular saw;
self-tapping screws;
set of drills;
electric drill.

But you should also consider:

the size of the room for installation;
what is the ladder for?
what safety elements the structure will be filled with;
how the staircase will fit into the overall interior of the house.

Of course, you need to decide on the design. For example, spiral staircase would be a great option if your house has a high basement.

There are several ways to make metal stairs:

forging;
casting;
manufacturing by welding;
screed for bolted connections.

Let's talk a little more about the first method.

Forged stairs are very popular and are widely used in interiors. We note right away that when constructing a metal structure, the use of forging extends to support posts, railings and decorative details.

The structure is mounted as follows:

all blanks are given a pre-planned form;
a frame is made using a welding machine;
the frame is filled, collecting a pattern according to the pattern;
the section is turned over, boiled on the other side;
the section is installed on prepared poles.

by the most milestone is the welding of all forged parts of the stairs.

The second option: the manufacture and installation of stairs using casting. This method is used to make complex, richly patterned designs. The term of the work depends, first of all, on the level of complexity of the project.

The most common type is ground casting. Procedure:

a sketch of the future staircase is being made;
a model is being developed;
the frame prepared in advance is filled with molding sand and the model is laid there;
after tamping the mixture, the model is removed, and metal is poured into the mold.

Stairs made in this way do not rust, they can be painted with any paint.

Consider the third way to make a homemade ladder - using a welding machine.

First, for the frame, we need a channel and a corner. On the initial stage you need to make a frame and weld a corner. When this work is done, the seams are filed. During processing, the burrs that have formed on the metal are removed.

At the next stage, the structure is primed using a special solution with additives against corrosion and rust formation. At the final stage, the product is painted, then the railing is made and the resulting product is planted on the frame.

A metal staircase fits perfectly into a modern interior, it can be not only durable and massive, but also very beautiful, as in the photo. We tried to describe in detail how to make it with your own hands. For example, a compact version with a 90 degree turn is taken. We will also describe what is needed for this, which metal is better to use.

Metal staircase structures

Metal allows you to create configurations and shapes of almost any kind and complexity. Stairs can lead to the attic, installed in summer cottages or used as central ones leading to living rooms. The ability to equip such structures with forged railings, ornate balusters, massive starting poles and other elements makes their design non-trivial.

Often, metal stairs are lined with various materials. For example, wood, drywall, plastic, etc. Finishing can be only on the side parts or on all, including the flight of stairs. Connectivity needs to be considered. various materials. It is metal that allows you to make an open structure that looks light and airy, but at the same time does not lose strength and reliability. By design features stairs can be divided into:

marching;
screw (spiral);
folding;
rotary.

Options with a turn are characterized by a significant plus - compactness, two of their types are especially common:

with running (turning) steps;
two-march with a platform.

Support structure options are also different. It can be one vertical base, suitable for stairs with winder steps. If there are turntables, supporting elements are often installed under them. In this case, there is no need for additional supports under stringers and bowstrings. There are options without visible supports, when a solid frame is rigidly attached to the floor and ceiling of the second floor. Unusual modern version- stairs on the bolts, when the steps are mounted directly to the wall with special fasteners.

Advice. Modular stairs are specially designed for self-assembly. By choosing this option, it is quite possible to quickly and effortlessly assemble the product as a designer.

Of course, forging metal is very difficult, mastering this technique is not for everyone. But welded structures can be created by hand, even if the master has only little experience in this matter. It is especially important to correctly calculate the parameters of the future stairs. Only in the case of a precisely verified project, the product will turn out to be durable and easy to use.

Bolts metal ladder

Create a stair project

The recommended width of swivel products is at least 70-80 cm, but it is usually not made wider than 1.1 m. Since in this case the possibility of saving space and the very expediency of the rotation device disappear. The average height of the steps should strive for 14-18 cm. So it will be comfortable to climb. It is desirable that the riser has a height of more than 13 cm, otherwise the structure will unnecessarily become heavier. The width of each step is standard, it is slightly larger than the size of the average man's foot, at least 27 cm. Optimal slope stairs is 30-35 °.

Advice. It is desirable that the upper tread hangs 3 cm above the lower one. This is the optimal value verified by experts.

You need to start designing by measuring the height from floor to ceiling to calculate the length of the stairs. Then the dimensions are transferred to paper, the number of steps is calculated by dividing the length of the entire structure by the desired tread height.

For the design of winders, certain values \u200b\u200bmust be adhered to. Their depth in the narrowest part should not be less than 10 cm. The wide side does not exceed 40 cm. It is desirable that the middle of the turning steps have a width of more than 23 cm, the minimum value is 20 cm.

Scheme: details of a metal staircase

The staircase will be comfortable if, when subtracting the height of the riser from the depth of the step, you get 12 cm. For safety, the following simple calculation is used: the depth of the step add the height of the riser, the result is 46 cm. you should get a value in the range of 57-64 cm.

Advice. The number of steps must not be even. It is convenient to enter and exit the stairs with the same foot.

Armed with this knowledge, you need to build a drawing, preferably on graph paper. Rectangles of flights of stairs are drawn. There should be 2 of them in the case of a construction with a platform, or 1 if a staircase with winder steps is being built. A line is drawn denoting the middle of the marches. The elements are connected by an arc of a circle. Next, a uniform layout of winder steps is performed.

Installation of a metal staircase

The calculation of the amount of material follows from the project. Since all parts in the drawing have certain dimensions, it is easy to calculate how much metal profile, sheets, pipes, etc. are required. Metal elements are not light in weight, for this reason it is better to start installation with assistants. Work on the stairs is quite laborious, attention to detail is important.

Important! One kosour in the center can be used only if the width of the steps does not exceed 80 cm. In all other cases, they need one on each side.

For load-bearing beams usually use:

channel;
angle steel;
rectangular pipes.

It is desirable that the channel section be 150 x 200 or 100 x 200 mm. Minimum Thickness metal - 8 mm. If the steps are made of metal sheet, its thickness should be 3 mm or more. If they are planned from wood, its optimal thickness is 40-50 mm. More often turning stairs adjacent to the wall, for structural rigidity, the frame is fixed with anchor bolts. They are pre-buried in the wall in the intended places.

Advice. So that over time the wooden steps of a metal staircase creak less, it is better not to fasten them directly, but to do it through thin plywood.

For stringers or bowstrings, a channel or beams with a section of 12-18 mm are used. When mounting stairs on stringers, special ridges are welded (screwed) to the inclined surface, made according to the size of the steps. Next, frames, risers are attached to them, or wooden steps are immediately screwed.

If the staircase is on bowstrings, then corners are attached to the side surfaces, which serve as supports. In this case, the steps can be screwed directly to the walls of the frame. Or they can be welded to a metal frame fitted with jibs and struts.

Part of the welding work, if possible, is carried out on the street. What cannot be done outdoors must be done in a well-ventilated area. Be sure to use a special mask. Details are pre-marked, causing welding spots. First, it is recommended to grab the element a little by welding. Then check the horizontal with a building level, and only then make a strong welding seam. finished staircase requires mandatory anti-corrosion treatment.

Having at least some welding skills, it is quite possible to independently cope with the manufacture of a metal staircase. With due attention to detail even at the project stage, the result will exceed all expectations. This design is durable and comfortable. Made by hand, it will meet all the most unexpected requirements.

Metal staircase: video

Do-it-yourself metal staircase: photo

In the manufacture ladder construction materials such as wood, metal, glass or concrete are used, and the question arises which material is better to use and which is more practical. Metal has a number of advantages compared to other materials, it is more durable in terms of service life than wood, does not require constant maintenance like glass and is lighter than concrete structures, therefore, in manufacturing, a do-it-yourself metal staircase looks more attractive than the others.

Before proceeding with the manufacture and installation of the ladder structure, you must:

decide on the choice of model according to the design
choose a production method

Types of metal stairs according to their structural characteristics are divided into six options:

On a metal stringer - a beam located in the center of the stairs under the steps, is the supporting element of the staircase structure, on which brackets (fillies) are attached to secure the tread and riser.
On two stringers - beams are also located below the steps, only along the edges of the staircase structure.

On bowstrings - two beams are used, located at the ends of the stairs, between which the steps are fixed.

Screw type - installed in the center support post, to which steps are attached in an upward spiral.

On the bolts - the steps are fixed with specially made bolts (bolts) to the bearing wall.

Modular type - consists of ready-made factory ladder units, assembly is extremely simple according to the attached instructions.

Do-it-yourself metal staircase according to the above design options can be made by everyone, but it is worth noting that the screw version will be a more labor-intensive project in execution, according to the calculations specifications and quantity of materials.

Methods for the manufacture of metal staircases

Types of metal stairs according to the manufacturing method are divided into three options:

forged
cast
Welded

If you do not have blacksmithing skills, making forged metal stairs at home is a difficult task, the only option is to turn to professionals for help and order manufacturing with installation from them or, having made your calculations, order individual elements of stairs from a blacksmith, and the assembly and installation are already done himself. Forged staircase designs are exclusive in production, as the forging process is still done by hand.

The material for the manufacture of cast metal structures is cast iron, this manufacturing method is expensive and expedient only on a production scale.

Welded metal stairs are much easier to manufacture compared to forged or cast ones, with the proper desire, everyone can weld the stairs with their own hands at home, but this work also requires basic knowledge of welding.

(Click on image to enlarge)

Welded metal staircase on two stringers

Before starting work, there are such questions as how to make a metal staircase with your own hands and where to start, our step-by-step instructions will help to answer them.

Starting to manufacture a welded ladder structure, we need a certain list of tools.

A set of necessary tools

Welding machine and electrodes
Welding mask
Protective canvas suit and gloves
Protective mask or goggles
Bulgarian
Edged and ground discs
Drill or screwdriver with a set of drill bits for metal
Vice and adjustable clamp up to 800 mm
Primer, White - spirit (solvent)
Metal brush
Kit measuring instruments: tape measure, metal ruler, caliper, square, pencil or colored marker

After we have prepared the tool, to answer the question of how to weld a ladder, we determine the sequence of work.

Stages of work

Preparation (cutting) of blanks by size
We make brackets (fillies), elements for fixing the tread and risers to the stringer
Installing and securing stringers in place
Welding stairs, namely the connection of brackets with stringers
Welding of steps and balustrades (fencing of the stair structure) to the stair frame
We clean the surface of the structure from sharp edges and burrs
Finishing stage - priming of metal elements and painting

The preparation of stringers begins with the choice of a profile, the most common is a channel or an I-beam, but this is not the entire list of available configurations, the figure below provides various options.

To ensure the safety and strength of the structure, when manufacturing a kosour, please note that the shelves of the selected profile (I-beam or channel) remain intact, for example, the tread will protrude beyond the shelf, then it is necessary to cut the tread, not the shelf.

Having decided on the profile option, we select the material for the manufacture of the tread. Corrugated sheet steel is considered optimal, it eliminates the option of slipping on the steps and falling, but it is better to use it if the staircase is located inside the building. We do not recommend using it for street (external) stairs, as the fallen snow cakes on a solid tread and the steps become slippery. For external steps, it is better to use grating or corrugated reinforcement, it is welded with a gap of 5-8 mm to each other, which allows snow to fall through.

We proceed to the next step - we make brackets (fillies). They are made of a metal corner or a hollow rectangular profile (it is stronger for bending than a corner). It is also possible to make a tread base from a profile, but in order to save money, it is better to make a base from reinforcement.

Having chosen the metal in shape (corner or rectangular profile), we cut the docking corners at 45 degrees and connect the two elements so that we get an L-shaped corner and weld them. The calculation of the manufacture is two brackets per step (the design of the stairs on two stringers).

Brackets (fillies) must match each other in size and have a right angle.

We install and weld the stringers to the supports. If the house has a concrete floor, then the lower support can be installed directly into the concrete. top we weld the stringer to the support beam, fixed to the ceiling between the floors with steel anchors. If the staircase is located along the wall, then we fix the nearest stringer with anchors to the wall to strengthen the staircase structure.

We make markings on the stringers and weld the brackets. We check the coincidence of the brackets on the horizontal plane with a level. Between the stringers we weld the base for the tread. The base is also made of a steel angle, a rectangular profile or reinforcement.

When installing and fixing the brackets for the first step (from below), be careful and take into account the height, taking into account the clean floor, so that the height of the top point of the first tread is 18 cm (optimal size).

The next step is to fix the steps to the brackets and the base. The connection is made in two ways, using welding or bolts if the steps are made of metal, and for wooden steps we use screw connections.

We weld the railing from the sides of the stairs in such a way as not to reduce the width of the flight of stairs.

At the final stage of the construction of the stairs, we clean the metal at the welding points, remove burrs, notches and sharp edges, treat it with a primer, and paint the metal part of the structure. After the paint has dried, we install wooden steps, and now our do-it-yourself metal staircase is ready.

Video: fabrication and installation of a welded metal frame

Following the step-by-step progress of the work, you will not have any problems making a metal staircase at home.

Unique technological properties metal allow you to create iron stairs to the second floor of a wide variety of configurations. Such systems for the home are lightweight, easy to manufacture and look great.

However, metal structures have their own nuances in production. This article will tell about them.

Features of metal stairs

Iron stairs to the second floor of the house according to the manufacturing method can be of two types:

welded;
forged.

Forged designs are openwork, weightless, stylish and very beautiful. For their manufacture, a special forging technique is used.

According to their design, products are divided into:

marching;
screw;
curvilinear.

Only true professionals with artistic taste can make such a screw structure with forging elements.

According to the design features, metal stairs for the house are:

on stringers;
on the casing pipe;
on the pains;
folding;
combined.

Iron stairs: production nuances

If you have certain skills in working with a welding machine and grinder, then you may well master all the nuances of manufacturing such systems.

The process of production of metal structures is similar to the process of manufacturing ladder systems from reinforced concrete or wood.

main parameters

When erecting metal stairs, the generally accepted standards for these products are used:

iron stairs in width should not be less than 90 cm;
the height of the steps is selected about 15-18 cm;
the depth of the steps is an average of 35 cm;
assembly slope - at the level of 30-35 °.

Design nuances

Ready-made drawings of iron ladder systems today can be easily found on the Internet, you can also order from a professional designer (drafter) or draw it yourself, using knowledge of geometry from the school curriculum.

Which system to choose

For the manufacture of a metal staircase for a house with your own hands, the following types are suitable:

On one kosour - such assemblies involve the installation of a channel or an I-beam and further fastening of stair steps on it.
On several stringers - in this case, specialized support beams are installed that perform the function of a frame.
On bolts - that is, on bolts of a special type, which are used to fasten the steps to the wall surface.
On bowstrings - this design is installed between the supporting decks (strings).

We make an iron staircase with our own hands

For the hand-made manufacture of a metal staircase, the marching straight type is most suitable. If you are a professional welder and you have some experience, then you can make a more complex system - for example, with gaps and several turns.

Design of a straight single-march structure

The design of a straight iron staircase with one march is as follows:

We measure the distance between the floor of the first and second floors - we get the height of the march.
We determine the distance between the beginning and the end of the structure - this will be the length of the march.
We calculate the number of steps, not forgetting the recommended height (for a ladder 4.7 meters long, the number of steps will be 14-15).

Simple calculations provided us with the opportunity to obtain the basic geometric characteristics of the iron staircase.

The process of manufacturing stairs with two stringers

So, for the manufacture of stringers, we need a square profile pipe. Used as a step support iron corners. The risers and the steps themselves will be made of steel in sheets 4 mm wide.

Required Tools

To install the ladder structure with your own hands, you should have the following tools:

Bulgarian;
welding machine;
drill;
grinder machine;
electric drill;
hacksaw for metal;
roulette;
electrodes.

Installation of an iron staircase: step by step instructions

The whole process of building a structure is carried out in several steps:

We cut steel blanks in accordance with the design drawing.
We make knots for fixing steps - filly.
We weld corners.
We install stringers.
We fasten the steps to the frame.
We install the fence.
We sand the stairs, primer and paint.

On the initial stage works, it is important to take into account such a nuance - filly for fastening should be made with special care, they must be the same size without distortions and inaccuracies. They are cut out of a metal corner.

For a design of 14 steps, 14 pairs of fillies must be made. Between them it is necessary to install fasteners to which the degrees will be fixed.

Next, do the markup square pipe(along its edge) and fasten (we use welding) to the kosour of the filly. Now we attach the second kosour to the first and “copy” the markup. We weld the 2nd kosour with fillies, referring to the level.

The installation of the iron ladder system must be carried out in compliance with all precautions and safety measures for working with the welding machine

The next step is to attach the stringers to the support platform and the support post (the latter is attached with anchor bolts to the interfloor ceiling). We weld steps to the mares. Then we weld the fencing on the side of the structure.

The final step is to grind all burrs and seams, treat the plane of iron parts with a primer and paint the entire system.

If you do not have the skills of a welder and you cannot independent production metal stairs, then you have a great way out - at any time you can order a finished metal structure in our online store at an affordable price.

metal structure Modern has a modern and stylish look, its cost 115 800 rubles