Calculation of the stairs to the second. Calculation of stairs to the second floor using the online calculator program. How to make the design ergonomic

In order to make your home as comfortable as possible, you need not only to hire builders, but also to delve into the engineering calculations yourself. The main modular design of the house is. It is she who gives the interior that unique luxury that many dream of. You can arrange flights of stairs and install steps in different ways. Online calculation of the stairs will help you design optimal design and calculate the material consumption.

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A staircase in a private house as an important element of planning convenience

The staircase structure helps to connect not only the floors of a private house, but also duplex apartments. It is she who can become the central link of the first floor. Besides aesthetics, it should be comfortable, safe and durable.

It is necessary to think about the location of the flights of stairs at the stage or apartment. The direction of the main premises will depend on this: the hall, zones, the location and purpose of the remaining rooms. You can competently arrange the space around the stairs on the first and second floors.

With the central location of the structure, the symmetry of the space and a convenient passage from any room on the first floor are preserved. This is a real home decoration. You can think over the arrangement quite elegantly. In the hall area, place a place for relaxation or a reception room. There will be enough space on the second floor for easy access to.

Different types of stair designs: photo gallery

There are a lot of options for the placement and execution of stairs. You can easily choose an interesting design that will make the interior individual and unique.

Perfectly combined with glass railings. Forged structures require a more careful approach. Natural, ceramics or glass can be used as an addition to the interior.

We offer you to see examples of wooden flights of stairs in. In the photo you can see that they occupy a fairly useful area of the room:

Wooden structures with a platform significantly save space:

Screw structures can become a real interior decoration:

It can also be a good choice for staircase structures:

Metal structures have increased strength and reliability. They can be combined with both wood and glass:

Constructions from can become the central link of the hall:

It is important to take into account the age of the residents when planning the construction of the stairs. If there are small children, the main criterion is safety, both in the structure of the steps and. Elderly people will find it difficult to get used to the screw design; the slope must be less steep.

Related article:

How to create comfortable and stylish ones yourself - read our publication. You will learn not only possible options designs and their advantages and disadvantages, as well as design styles and secrets self installation stairs.

Determination of the main technical parameters for the online calculation of the stairs

Building a staircase is not a designer's fantasy. Certain standards have been developed for optimal ratios, the permissible load, the observance of which is primarily important for the safety and comfortable movement of others. Small deviations are allowed within the permissible limits, otherwise the structure will become simply dangerous for people.

lifting height (risers);
tread width (steps);
the slope of the stairs.

A slope angle of more than 45 ° is considered to be steep; this design is not suitable for every family or for daily use. However, if the layout or area of the house does not allow the installation of another structure, you need to consider a reliable rail to facilitate walking up the stairs.

It is interesting! The slope of a stair is the ratio of the rise to the width of the step. The wider the step, the less steep the flight of stairs will be.

In addition to the main parameters, the design of the stairs is also influenced by:

the length of the flight of stairs;
dimensions of the staircase;
the distance between the marks of the finished floor of the 1st and 2nd floors;
number of steps. Regulatory documents define from 3 to 18 units.

Deviation from standard or acceptable parameters will cause discomfort when moving at best. At worst, it can provoke a number of diseases.

The main types of staircase structures

Indoor stairs can be made in the following variations:

flight of stairs;
screw;
combined option.

The choice depends on the area and layout of the premises. It is important what role it will play in the interior of the house, the expediency of installing a particular model depends on it.

Let's take a closer look at each design.

Flight of stairs

This design has increased reliability and ease of execution. Depending on the height of the room and the width of the steps, one or more flights can be installed. The number of steps in each should not exceed 16.

Stairways can be classified according to the following criteria:

By installation form	straight
	with a platform between marches
	swivel
By location	L-shaped
	U-shaped
	T-shaped
By fastening method	hinged
	monolithic
	on teteva
	on the frame
	on kosoura
	combined

Screw

It involves the installation of steps in a spiral around the main axis. This design can be installed in order to save usable space. It will not take more than 1 m². Main feature spiral staircase- the ability to install almost anywhere in the room. The structure consists of steps, supports, balusters and railings.

With its installation, the interior is transformed with a completely unique design. She can look completely weightless. For example, glass steps with wooden railings and aluminum balusters. You can choose the material for any style direction of the room.

Combined

It is customary to call a combined arc-shaped staircase. It combines elements of a spiral structure with a flight of stairs. To install it, you need to allocate some area. Elements can be performed in the form of straight sections, in the form of an ellipse, a circle or a semicircle.

The main materials used for the manufacture of stairs, and the nuances of their calculation

The material from which the stairs will be made must fit into the interior and meet all safety requirements. When choosing it, you need to pay attention to the origin and environmental friendliness, and check the certificates of the material for compliance with quality standards.

Most often used:

wooden structures;
metal stairs;
glass;
plastic elements.

The design may include combined options execution. For classic interiors or ethno-style will fit, in gothic style forging will look appropriate. In modern directions, you can use nickel-plated or galvanized steel in combination with aluminum or glass.

Calculation of wooden stairs

The base of the structure is subject to greater stress, therefore hard varieties wood. For the elements of the fence, you can choose a material of medium hardness or soft grades, it is easier to process.

To calculate a staircase made of wood, the following parameters are required:

Room height (from the level of the finished floor to the ceiling);
the length of the opening (the horizontal projection of the length is measured from the edge of the opening to the first tread);
number of steps;
step width of an average person;
staircase width, optimal size including handrails and handrails - 100 cm;
step depth;
step height (sub-wall);
the height of the fence, taking into account the railing, should be about 100 cm;
approach thickness - this parameter depends on the type of tree.

One of the main parameters of the calculation is the thickness of the stringer, which perceives the main load. Steps in a wooden structure can be made with or without a ledge. It just depends on personal preference.

Calculation of metal stairs

The construction of a metal staircase is made of a channel, corrugated metal steps, steel "filly" and brackets. The elements are fixed by welding. The calculation of the elements is carried out according to the general formula, taking into account the comfortable ascent and descent.

In addition, for a metal structure, it is necessary to calculate the strength and stiffness parameters:

Payload per square meter m of stairs is 300 kg. When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the overload coefficient equal to 1.4;
When calculating the load on the railing, an overload factor of 1.3 to the standard parameter from 50 to 100 kg 1 linear meter should be taken into account.

When calculating a flight of stairs, the distance between opposite walls is taken into account. They need to be planned 20 centimeters more than the width of the march.

Determination of the required geometric dimensions of the stairs

Before starting the design calculations, it is important to take into account the geometric parameters of the room:

distance from floor level 1 and 2 floors;
design features of the location of the walls;
places of installation of doors and windows;
area of premises;

It may be necessary to make changes in the installation features when performing calculations and renovation works premises.

Calculating the size of stair steps in a private house using an online calculator

First of all, it is necessary to calculate the steps of the stairs so that their height is the same. The width of the flight of stairs should not differ from the width of the site. The length of the march should be within 1.5 ÷ 3 m.

the size of the step depends on the length of the flight of stairs and the number of steps. When calculating the width, the total throughput is taken into account, while the standard is 0.7 m per 1 person;
the height of the steps is also calculated taking into account the comfortable ascent and descent. The optimal height is 12 ÷ 20 cm;
the depth of the step depends on the size of the person's foot. Parameters from 28 to 30 cm are considered standard;
to calculate the number of steps, it is necessary to divide the height of the stairs by the height of the step, which should be selected from the table, taking into account the comfortable angle of inclination of the structure. If the parameter does not turn out to be flat, the adjustment should be made at the size of the first stage.

It is generally accepted that the width of two steps plus the height of the step should be in the range of 60 ÷ 64 cm. These are the most comfortable dimensions for stair steps for ascent and descent. When planning a structure with flights located in the opposite direction, it is necessary to leave an opening of at least 50 cm between them.

Stairs- this is one of the most important structures in any private house, as it is the basis for free movement between floors. When choosing a project, craftsmen are often guided only by the economic and aesthetic side of the problem, often neglecting construction and design norms and rules. Nevertheless, ignoring such an important component in many cases leads to the fact that the product is unstable, unsafe and uncomfortable.

The service for effective construction KALK.PRO offers to perform an automated calculation of the staircase online using a 3D calculator, as a result of which you will receive everything you need to install the structure: complex estimate, full set drawings and interactive model for a better visual experience. The program for designing stairs calculates the parameters of all elements and provides some recommendations based on the provisions of SNiP, GOST and TU, which are used for the manufacture of wooden buildings.

The program is easy to use and does not require special engineering skills - all fields of the calculator are intuitive, and the help includes illustrations with the designation of individual elements. Each calculation is accompanied by an assessment of the resulting structure and when entering incorrect values - in case of critical deviations, the calculation will stop and a pop-up window will show in which field the error was made, if the deviation is insignificant, recommendations will be provided on where to apply the correction.

Use the staircase calculator for the second floor to create a truly reliable and comfortable structure. For 5 years of work, we have helped to implement over 3000 projects for residents of Russia, the CIS and Europe.

Why are our ladder calculators better?

Close cooperation with stair manufacturers

Highest detailing of drawings and 3D models

Final report with a list of required materials

A ready-made estimate for the manufacture of a structure by a contractor

Technical support helps when working with the calculator

Positive feedback and a large number of completed projects

Unlike other online ladder calculator sites, our project has a number of undeniable advantages and these are not empty words, since you can personally verify all these statements in practice.

Constructor functionality... You can design any type of structure and choose the features of fastening the elements. If invalid values are entered, the calculation will stop and a warning with an error will be displayed, on other resources - the calculation will be performed in any case.
Recommendations... Our calculator displays recommendations for many structural elements, for example, you will find out the optimal parameters: the angle of inclination, the height of the steps, the width of the step board, the width of the tread, the width of the stairs, the width of the stringers (upper, intermediate, lower). On other sites - tilt angle only .
... Our development department works closely with real manufacturers of stair structures, thanks to which we pay increased attention detailing and fastening of individual nodes. Professionals and private companies use our tool ubiquitous .
Ready estimate... As a result of the calculation, the user receives a final report, which contains all the necessary drawings, a 3D model in the selected projection and a ready-made estimate for the manufacture of stairs, with detailed description quantity of materials ... On other sites, only element dimensions.
Graphics... The majority of visitors choose our site, including due to the presence of high-quality detailed graphics. In addition to the fact that the drawings are as close as possible to the standards of technical documentation, the projection of individual elements on the diagram is selected in such a way that fiber direction wood (seam of glued boards).
... If you are experiencing difficulties using the calculator or you have questions regarding the resulting calculation, we will understand the situation and we will try to answer to any constructive questions 24/7.
Personal Area... Also on our website there is a convenient Personal Area, in which the results of the calculation of the staircase or any other structure are saved - you never lose your project, and you can also download the download at any time, regardless of the time of the operation.

Every month we receive dozens of positive reviews and thanks from users of the KALK.PRO project. On the page " Reviews" located finished projects structures based on the calculations of our tools.

Constructor features

The service provides a large number of proven tools, using which you can create a convenient, reliable and safe design. In its calculations, the 3D staircase constructor algorithm takes into account the data GOST 23120-78 "Flight stairs, steel platforms and railings", GOST 25772-83 "Steel railings, balconies and roofs", GOST 9818-2015 "Reinforced concrete staircases and platforms", GOST 8717.0-84 "Reinforced concrete and concrete steps" , SNiP II-25-80 (SP 64.13330.2011) "Wooden structures" SNiP 21-01-97 (SP 112.13330.2011) "Fire safety of buildings and structures", SNiP 31-02-2001 (SP 55.13330.2010) " Single-family residential houses ”, SNiP 2.08.01-89“ Residential buildings ”, SNiP 2.08.02-89 (SP 118.13330.2011)“ Public buildings and structures ”, SNiP 2.01.07-85 (SP 20.13330.2010)“ Loads and impact " etc.

At the moment, the program includes the calculation of the following types of structures:

stairs made of wood;
metal stairs;
concrete stairs;

stairs on kosoura;
stairs on broken kosoura;
ladders on bowstrings;

straight stairs;
rotary stairs;
spiral staircases;

ladders with 90 ° winders;
staircases with winding steps at 180 ° (two-flight);
staircases with winding steps at 180 ° (three-flight);

stairs with a 90 ° swivel platform;
staircases with a 180 ° swivel platform (two-flight);
stairs with a 180 ° swivel platform (three-flight).

The tools on our site are the best helpers in calculating stairs - the calculator software is constantly updated and improved, so only here you can find exclusive functionality for creating the most realistic project. Among the main features, we highlight (- only on CALK.PRO):

Units... Selectable units of measure (mm, cm, m, inches, feet), as well as their automatic translation in calculator fields and results without user recalculation.
Drawing color... Ability to choose color or monochrome drawing of drawings. May be useful for people with disabilities and, if necessary, increase the contrast of individual elements.
Stair configuration... Possibility of choosing the side of the staircase (right or left).
Stair options... Standard fields for entering construction parameters (height, length, width).
Opening definition... The calculators have functionality for choosing a direction (segment) along the outer edge of the stairs (upper, intermediate or lower flight), which will be taken as the length of the stairs.
Distance between marches... When calculating U-shaped stairs with a landing, you can specify the distance between flights.
Kosoura(for stairs on the stringer). You must enter values for the thickness and width of the stringer. Also, only with us you can choose the number of stringers (1-5 pcs) for winders.
Bowstring(for ladders on a bowstring). You must enter the values for the thickness and width of the bowstring. We also take into account the reserve of the heel and the reserve of the width of the bowstring (front, back), and the drawings are presented in two projections.
Turntable size... Only here you can change the depth of the turntable to an arbitrary one.
Fastening of winder steps... Possibility of choosing the type of fastening of the rotary steps to the support post (tongue-and-groove connection, connection with a cut of the support post).
Number of winder steps... An exclusive functional feature of the constructor that allows you to choose the number of turning steps.
Calculation of the steps of the stairs... Depending on the calculator, you need to enter the number of upper, intermediate and lower steps, their thickness and protrusion. It is also necessary to indicate whether the upper step is to be considered below the level of the second floor or not.
Risers... It is possible to mark whether the installation of risers is required and, if so, what thickness they will have.
Support beams. You must enter values for the thickness and width of the stiffeners.
Support pillars. You must enter the value of the side of the section of the support post.
Stair railing. Fields for entering the parameters of the stair enclosing elements: handrails (thickness, width, height), balusters (section side).
Floor slab and walls. Parameters for a more realistic visualization of the proposed structure (protrusion above the opening, indent from the wall, thickness).

A competently executed project of stairs to the second floor in a private house will save a significant amount of time and money for the manufacture of the structure.

Calculation results

As a result of calculating the stairs online, you get a comprehensive estimate with the optimal consumption of materials (quantity, volume) and detailed characteristics of each structural element. However, the most important thing is that the convenience of the structure will be assessed according to the parameters: the angle of inclination of the stairs, the width of the stairs, the number of steps, the height of the steps, the depth of the tread, the minimum width of the stringer / bowstring); at the end of which you can make adjustments to the parameters and make the final decision on the need to use this type of ladder.

Calculations are based on classical mathematical logic using simple geometric formulas, therefore, calculation errors are minimized, however, it is worth considering rounding numbers when displaying dimensions in drawings. There is a direct relationship, which determines that the display accuracy of the calculation result is higher when using units of a lower order, that is, for millimeters, the error will be no more than 0.1 mm, and when choosing centimeters - ~ 1 mm, etc.

Also noteworthy some features when transferring dimensions from drawings to a real structure. First, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the cut, which has physical dimensions and is several millimeters in width. Secondly, one must not forget about the cumulative error, an example of which can be demonstrated as follows.

A staircase was calculated (in centimeters) with 10 steps with an opening height of 162.5 cm - as a result, in the drawings, the height of each step turned out to be 16.3 cm.However, you can see that if you do the reverse calculation by steps, you get 16.3 cm × 10 = 163 cm, which is actually 0.5 cm higher than the opening height. This situation arises due to the fact that when drawing in drawings, the values are rounded to the first decimal place, that is, 16.25 cm was "hidden" under the number 16.3 cm. To reduce such errors to a minimum should be calculated in millimeters, however, in some situations, it will still be necessary to adjust the extreme structural elements during installation in height.

Ladder drawing with dimensions

Ladder drawings are the most important component of any project documentation, as they allow you to fix the design features of the elements and their connections. They also provide an opportunity to pre-evaluate the parameters of individual components of the structure in practice. That is, by making templates from cheaper materials, for example, cardboard or paper, you can eliminate error on the initial stage and save a significant amount of money on materials.

However, you should not assume that you can draw a staircase diagram yourself without proper experience in drawing and designing. Without special training, you are unlikely to be able to maintain the dimension of the drawings, maintain accuracy down to a fraction of a millimeter, and at the same time show accuracy, while maintaining the readability of each element. Professional computer programs AutoCAD, Compass-3D, CorelDRAW, etc. cost a lot of money, in addition, without the proper work skills, it will take a lot of time to at least learn the basics.

KALK.PRO service eliminates unnecessary difficulties and provides ready-made drawings wooden stairs based on the entered user data. Our schemes are distinguished by an excellent study of individual nodal connections and the entire picture as a whole, you can independently evaluate the high quality of graphics and compare it with other services.

How to calculate a ladder online with a calculator?

To calculate the stairs with drawings on the online calculator, you must go to the tab of the corresponding design and fill in all the fields, based on the available parameters of the opening. However, first we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the proposed video, which describes in detail all the steps of work in the program and provides advice from a professional master, who is personally involved in the manufacture of stairs.

Calculation of stairs online on a calculator from KALK.PRO is confidence in the quality of the structures being erected due to the high accuracy of the operations performed.

How to make a comfortable staircase?

The choice of staircase design depends more on the parameters of the opening and to a lesser extent on your own preferences, since in the majority of private houses, redevelopment is excluded and it is necessary adjust to existing conditions... In this case, the main task of the master is reduced to the most rational use of the available space in order to achieve optimal performance stairs that will provide high ergonomics of the structure as a whole.

Accordingly, it is possible to single out some directly proportional dependence, the arguments of which are the area of the structure in projection onto the surface of the floor / ceiling and the conditional coefficient of convenience. Correlation occurs according to the principle - the larger the occupied area, the more comfort a person will experience when moving between levels. In order of decreasing comfort, the sort looks like this:

straight stairs;
stairs with a platform;
staircases with run-in steps;
combined ladders;
spiral staircases.

Thus, the best structures are recognized marching stairs, then combined and in the last place spiral.

In the case of choosing classical structures on a stringer or bowstring, it is necessary to pay increased attention to the general slope of the stairs, the calculation of steps, the height of the fences, etc. The list of all recommendations and rules is quite extensive, however, the following values are worth noting among the most significant:

Compliance with these and other recommended parameters is extremely important - they determine the comfort of movement and safety, minimization of the occupied area, compliance with the requirements fire safety, throughput staircase construction... Each online calculator for calculating stairs from KALK.PRO evaluates structures and provides some recommendations, which can be viewed in the corresponding block of the report.

In the process of building a residential building, the stairs must be given Special attention even at the design stage. Unfortunately, not everyone understands this. The absence of the house project itself, a low-skilled team of builders and other circumstances often lead to the fact that outwardly beautiful staircase turns out to be not entirely convenient to use, and if there are children and the elderly in the house, it is completely dangerous. I declare this authoritatively as the mother of a three-year-old hyperactive toddler who regularly flew down the stairs of our attic apartment from one and a half to two years. And all because the developer was too lazy to be puzzled by the compliance technical characteristics such an important part of the living space to the established standards.

Stair calculation program

So, the stairs in the house should be comfortable first of all. Especially if you plan to actively use it. And if you build a house without taking into account initially required area to place it, you will subsequently have to puzzle over how to fit it into a limited space in such a way that one day you will not count all the bones for yourself while descending from the second floor. About appearance design, its relevance and harmony with the interior in some cases, I will not say anything at all. Most often, if you do not initially think over the placement of the stairs and do not calculate the areas required for this, you have to sacrifice something: either beauty or convenience. And sometimes both. In order not to face similar problems, use the ladder calculator. He will help you do everything necessary calculations online, select the optimal design parameters based on the available space, or, in the case of calculations at the design stage of the house, select the size of the required area to accommodate the most convenient staircase - and all this is absolutely free.

Calculation of a straight ladder on bowstrings

On this page you can calculate a straight staircase on bowstrings. A straight staircase takes up little space in width, while it requires quite a lot of space in length. It is ideally suited for placement in spacious rooms of low height and is usually installed along the wall, limited to the side by handrails. To avoid the loss of usable space, you can place a dressing room under the stairs or equip a small workplace (as well as a place to relax or something else - the flight of imagination is unlimited). A straight staircase consists of one row of steps - a march and is called one-march. Since ladders of this type are not equipped with intermediate platforms where one could stop and rest during the ascent, it is extremely important to calculate the optimal size of the steps and their height. In this case, such parameters should be achieved in which walking up the stairs would be carried out in the rhythm of a step that is familiar to a person. The angle of inclination of the straight staircase is also important. The lack of platforms and turns that could delay a person in the event of a fall leads to the need to try to make the stairs as flat as possible (angle of inclination 30 ° -45 °, no more).

Calculation parameters and results

The program for calculating stairs takes into account several basic parameters: Desired / current dimensions of the area that the staircase will occupy; The height of the room; The desired number of steps and their thickness; Step ledge. After all the values have been entered, the online calculator will do the calculation. For the convenience of printing, it is possible to display the result in a separate window. In the calculation results, you will see a general drawing of the staircase, a drawing of a step template and a drawing of a bowstring with detailed explanations. If the parameters of the stairs do not comply with the standards and recommendations of SNiPs, which can make the stairs inconvenient to use, the program will inform you about this and recommend making changes with their specific indication (for example, increasing the number of steps). This way, you can play with the parameters until you find the best one. A straight staircase is considered the most convenient to use, does not interfere with the movement of furniture to the upper floors and is the least dangerous of the existing types of stairs. If you make it in strict accordance with the calculations and recommendations of our building calculator, it will become a comfortable and safe structural part of your home.

We indicate all the required parameters

Y- Opening height.

X- The width of the opening.

H- Stringer width (minimum).

Z- Steps in thickness.

F- The size of the step protrusion.

SP- Mark the location of the first step relative to the floor level on the second floor.

Determining the comfort of a ladder is calculated using a formula that is based on the size of a human step.

The average stride length varies from 60 to 66 centimeters, and the average is taken as 63 centimeters.

30 ° to 40 ° - optimal stair tilt.

20-25 cm is the optimal step height.

The calculation of the steps of the stairs depends on the height between floors and steps.

The comfortable depth of the steps is at least 28-30 cm.

With the help of the protrusion of the step, you can remove the imperfections in its depth.

Based on the results obtained, the program will draw a drawing with the main dimensions and angles. Our drawing will show all the measurements of the steps, the marking of the ladder bowstring in relation to the corner of the step, the top of the steps on the bowstring.

How to make a straight staircase with your own hands

In order to correctly design a flight of stairs, you need to determine the free space where the structure will be located, take into account the height of the rise and the shape of the product, and unforgettable about aesthetics.

March width

This value is not tied to specific figures, only the number of marches will directly depend on the free space.

The smallest width of the marching span is exactly 80 cm, if this value is less, then there may be difficulties with lifting furniture, passage for fat people. The optimal width is 100-140 cm.

Building materials for stairs

With the help of our program, you can perform an accurate calculation of a wooden or metal ladder, and also find out the required amount of material for its construction.

A bar with a section of 50 and a length of 250 mm is ideal for both stringers and bowstrings.

It is better to choose beams for tread with a cross section of at least 30-40 mm.

The riser beams must have a cross section of 25 mm or more.

Beautiful balusters and handrails can either be ordered from a carpenter, or you can buy ready-made ones, the process of creating them is quite laborious and complicated.

We mount the bowstring (stringers)

Each beam must be cut on each side to fit the length of your staircase. Further, from the bottom of the beam, it is necessary to cut off 5 cm - the thickness of the tread.

In the stringer, we cut openings under our steps. Using a square, mark the width of the treads and the height of the risers, minus 2-4 cm. After that, mark the inner surface of the beam according to our markings.

Using a saw or jigsaw, cut off the excess.

Trying on the kosour for the future location of the stairs. Each edge of it should fit snugly into the ceiling and floor surface. We measure the horizontality of each washed down.

We sand the fitted surfaces, if necessary we mill the outer edges.

We mount the steps

To install the risers, we cut the beam according to their number. We adjust them and sand them.

Installation of a riser on a kosour

Fastening is carried out from the front side with screws, which are puttyed.

After installing the risers, we begin the installation of the treads - steps.

We saw the beam into the exact number of steps, minus one. Then we skin each of them and go through all the protruding sides with a milling cutter.

Using wood screws, we fix the steps on top of the risers.

We mount the balusters on the steps and fix it with pins: 8 millimeters thick and 100 millimeters long.

We attach the railing from above with self-tapping screws.

Now our staircase is installed, and painting and varnishing remains. Varnish also allows us to give a protective layer to our product. To preserve the structure of the wood, it is best to use a clear varnish.

Ladder in most cases is a required attribute. country house... In addition, structures of this type can be used in duplex apartments or offices. Ladders today perform not only a practical function, they are also additional elements of the interior and bring a zest to the overall design of the room.

Staircase options

According to certain design features, stairs can be represented by a marching, spiral or combined variation. The total area and features of the layout of the premises will determine which of the named types of structures is most expedient to use in a particular case.

It is necessary to ensure that the installed structure meets all necessary requirements ergonomics.

Marching staircase

This execution of the ladder is distinguished by its reliability and extreme simplicity of manufacture.

The design in this case will consist of one or more marches (this is the name of a straight-line fragment with steps).

To maintain ergonomics, the number of steps in one flight should not exceed sixteen.

Spiral staircase

This structure consists of a support rod, around which the steps are arranged in a spiral.

The total area of the classic variation of the spiral staircase does not exceed one square meter, as a result of which it can be installed even in small rooms. A feature of such a staircase is the possibility of its location anywhere in the room.

Combined ladder

In this case, we are talking about an arched architectural structure.

The combined staircase combines elements of marching and spiral structures. This allows you to implement design tasks of any level of complexity.

Before starting the corresponding calculations, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the layout of the room. You should also take into account the total area of the room. It is possible that you will have to create a project that will coordinate all further actions during the installation works... At the initial stage, the following points should be taken into account:

distance from the floor of the first floor to the ceiling;
features of the location of the walls;
features of the placement of doorways;
total area of the room;
features of the layout.

The height of the individual steps of the stairs must be absolutely identical... It is recommended to avoid the formation of drops in these indicators. The width of the landing should be equivalent to the width of the flight. The length of one rectilinear fragment with steps should be no more than 3 m. The minimum indicator in this case will be kept at the level of 1.5 m.

The size of each individual step depends on the total number of these elements. The length of the span or section is also taken into account. The total width of the stairs is determined by the required level of its throughput. The minimum figure for one person is 0.7 m.

The level of comfort during ascent and descent will depend on the height of the steps. Most often, this indicator varies in the range from 12 to 20 cm. The optimal step depth is 28-30 cm. Subject to the implementation of an uneven step, the named indicators should be calculated based on the total length and height of the structure.

How to determine the angle of inclination?

The angle of inclination should be such that a person can move forward proportionally while walking on stairs. The formation of the final indicator will depend on the height and width of the steps.

In most cases, it is recommended to stop at a figure that is in the interval from 23 to 37 degrees... It should be noted that a very steep angle of inclination can somewhat complicate the procedure for lifting and transporting heavy objects up the stairs.

Important! The greater the angle of inclination of the stairs, the less space may be required to place it. However, a too steep angle significantly complicates the ascent to the second floor.

If the angle of inclination is less than twenty-three degrees, then you can resort to installing a ramp. This flat design will make it easier to climb and descend. It should be noted here that a staircase with an angle of inclination of more than forty degrees can become an insurmountable obstacle for users.

Railing and Railing Parameters

When carrying out the appropriate calculations before installing the stairs on the second floor, the parameters of the handrails and some of the fences of the structure should be taken into account. In particular, it is necessary to determine the following points:

the height of the baluster;
the length of the handrails;
the height of the support posts;
the width of the railing.

The optimum width of the handrail is equivalent to 100mm. Such an indicator will contribute to the comfortable operation of the stairs by an adult. Railings are most often located at a height of 900 mm. Based on this, it is easy to conclude that the height of the baluster will be approximately 800 mm. In this case, you should pay attention to the method of installing the baluster. If this element is mounted in grooves, then its length should be slightly larger. The final indicator is formed taking into account the depth of the groove.

As for determining the height of the support posts, here you should also pay attention to the installation features. If the support used is installed on a step, then its length will be identical to the height of the baluster. Provided that the upright post is installed on the floor, then the height of the placed support should be added to the standard height.

The length of the handrail should be equivalent to the length of the flight of stairs. The total length of this element can fully correspond to the dimensions of the stairs or be slightly larger. The increase in indicators tends to increase in the event that the handrail goes beyond the steps.

The staircase can be prefabricated or monolithic. The first variation of the structure is not very popular, since the installation work in this case will be associated with certain difficulties. In addition, all relevant work must be carried out at the construction site.

Prefabricated stairs made of large-sized elements are in great demand. The installation procedure for the entire structure is not fraught with particular difficulties. This variation of stairs can be used not only in a private country house but also in public buildings. Additionally, marches of structures of this type can be reinforced with frames.

Steps with solid steps are presented in the form of a panel, which is significantly reinforced on the sides due to the use of special stiffening ribs. The upper plane of such a panel has a stepped structure.