The truss system of the house is made of logs. Rafters on a log house from a log. The choice of roofing

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V last years the popularity of log houses is growing, and this is no coincidence. Such buildings, be it a house or a bath, amaze with their unique atmosphere, which brings people closer to their origins. Natural wood is environmentally friendly, and this is not its only plus. The microclimate in such houses is always healthy and pleasant, but we must remember the peculiarities of logs. Their designs are characterized by dimensional instability.

Humidity fluctuations can lead to certain linear movements that will be observed even after construction is completed. It must be said that the greatest activity of the movement of elements of a wooden structure is observed in the first few years. Then it decreases significantly, but the shrinkage does not disappear completely. After construction, the forest is able to sink by 20%, and when designing the house itself, as well as its individual elements, this must always be taken into account. Basically, the size changes across the logs, but the length of the trunk itself dries out slightly.

Building a roof over a built log house is not as easy as it might seem at first glance. Such work requires great skill, knowledge of materials and skills of a carpenter. Before you start working, you will need to practice. In this article, we will look at ways to build roofs over a log house and talk about milestones installation. Let's hope that the information will be useful for the masters and those who take up such work for the first time.

Flawless installation can only be achieved by taking into account the shrinkage of walls made of logs. You may need knowledge of ancient roofing technologies and modern installation methods. It must be understood that taking into account the characteristics of the material is not enough to competently build a roof. There are nodes that are important to pay increased attention so that the roof does not deform over time. It is necessary to choose the most rational way of construction. To do this, one should take into account the forces acting on each log, and choose the right ways to dampen the action of these forces. Employees of our company will develop taking into account all the features of this material and project.

It's no secret that log houses go well with a roof that has two slopes. Knowing what technologies are usually used, it is quite possible to carry out high-quality installation truss system gable roof on a log house. Usually, the angle of inclination of the roof is chosen, ranging from 45 degrees and even up to 65. The figures below clearly demonstrate the types of roofs with an angle for log cabins. The roof can be:

with insulation;
without the use of a heater;
attic;
unattractive.

It is noteworthy that the construction of logs retains ancient traditions, but also includes new technologies that allow free movement of wood without the risk of destruction of the structure. The fact is that the installation of a gable roof truss system on a log house implies two methods:

The installation takes place on the males, namely on the pediments of chopped logs. The load-bearing parts rest on the gables. Then the crate itself is laid.
Roofs based on the truss system. They are built according to all the rules and regulations dictated by existing technologies. These roofs are either hanging type or sloping. The pediments themselves can be sewn up with a board, while the construction budget is significantly reduced.

In some cases, the rafter and the male system are combined. In the middle of the roof of the male type, in this case, a farm is installed that has a hanging look. Often, the beam of the ceiling-type log house itself - the translation - can act as the basis for mounting inclined-type rafters, and in some cases it acts as a puff that combines the elements into a triangle called hanging. The principle of the device can only be understood by familiarizing yourself with the classic installation options. Consider some important points which cannot be overlooked.

1. The main features of making a roof on males

When it comes to the male scheme, there are huge benefits provided by chopped boxes. They can be assembled, as well as disassembled without difficulty, like a designer. To do this, you need to remove the crowns from their places and install them on a platform that is ideal for these purposes. The ground must be level.

When work takes place on solid ground, it is much more convenient. Gaskets made of aspen chocks are mounted under the crown itself. They will reproduce the previous rows of the logs themselves. The result is the top of the log house, which converges in a wedge. It is built as usual, but the width of the end walls becomes much thinner. The edges of the gables will resemble steps. On the walls of the existing box themselves, not long logs are laid, but lay down. They should not be cut into all rows, but only after 2-3 rows. Already on the slope, the crate will be further mounted, then the roofing type material is used.

A slightly ridge type will unite the tops of available males. The log that completes the pediment is always hewn exactly on 2 edges. At the same time, the protrusions, resembling the steps that the male turned out, must be sawn off, or hewn in the shape of a triangle. The open areas remaining at the top are filled with short stacks. Few people know, but the old masters, when fastening, never used fasteners when installing the presented roof. This greatly extended the life of the wood, since there were no metal rods inside that were prone to rust. Such structures could serve several hundred years.

2. How the rafters and rafters are combined

In some cases, it is impossible to build a male roof. This may occur when the surplus was cut off too hard from the down or males, and the cut joints were damaged. In such a situation, the usual option from above should be supplemented with rafters, while there is no need to cut off the humps.

Alignment should occur at the very edges on top of the existing legs of the rafters. The rafters themselves should be created strictly according to the established template; cuts are always marked in it, as well as leg lengths. The high accuracy of cutting future connections is not too important. It is better that the bowls are 5 cm larger than the arbis itself, since the log house will significantly settle and lose its former height for a long time. Behind the settling box, the bottom of the rafters at the roof will sink, the connection angle will decrease.

It is a wide cut that can guarantee complete safety when shifting. It is important that there is a small gap between the tops of the legs of the rafters resting on a ridge-type beam. When the rafters begin to gradually move apart from below, they will gradually approach at the top. After the moment when shrinkage occurs, the tops must be connected with an overlay, or with a special puff. Sometimes they are connected using a hinge and do not wait for shrinkage to occur.

In order for the roof to be reliable and not be demolished from the house, it is necessary to tie the rafters through one, this happens in the 2nd crown from above, into which the studs are hammered, while wire twists are used for connection. Gradually, the twists will weaken during shrinkage, then they need to be tightened.

3. Rafters

The mount is similar to the previous one, but in this version no slings are required. The legs of the rafters are called layered for the reason that they, with their top and bottom, rest on supports, which are completely independent. At the same time, the heels from below rest on the crown, and it serves as a Mauerlat. If we consider the resting of the top, then it must be said that in such a situation there are several options.

Between the males, a princely or ridge slab can be laid. It is important that the tops of the existing rafters, which are laid flat, are not fastened together, or they are connected using a hinge.
The wall, which is capital. There must certainly be some gap on top of the rafters themselves.
A ridge structure is installed along the matrices, mounted under the beam. Males are not needed. In order to reliably ensure compensation during shrinkage, it is necessary to install support posts on devices that make it possible to carry out regulation. We are talking about screw structures.

4. Hanging type scheme

The legs of the rafters were named hanging, as they seem to hang over the box itself. They lean on the walls. Part of the rafter will serve as a support for the top. And the heels from below are connected by tightening. As a result, the rafters begin to resemble a triangle with equal sides. It is often called a farm, or is called an arch. It is the puff on itself that is ready to accept the thrust, which is transmitted to the walls.

The spread is compensated, and this is a huge plus. A beam, which is called a ceiling, may well act as a puff. It is impossible not to note one more advantage of the hanging version or the layered one. The roof is assembled below, it is not necessary to go up. In safe conditions, you can fit and rally all the triangles of the rafters. But such a system is not suitable for buildings with large spans. If the spans are more than 5 m, then the puffs for them will bend from their own weight.

It must be understood that the truss system of a gable roof on a log house is equipped, taking into account all the important points, otherwise it may collapse. The presented diagrams and examples will help you choose the best option for construction. Whichever option you choose, it is better to turn to professionals in their field.

InterCity is ready to offer you best projects log houses and a high level of professionalism to implement on a similar design. Any of the main versions the best specialists companies will adapt to individual conditions. Cooperating with us, you do not have to come to the site in order to control the work. InterCity is a team of professionals capable of implementing any project you choose.

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Building a roof is a long and laborious task, but it is necessary to protect the house from bad weather and heat loss. At self erection Do-it-yourself installation of roof rafters is feasible if you follow all the requirements for creating a roof base. The main thing is to have the necessary knowledge and at least a little experience in construction. Do not forget: the condition of the house depends on the reliability of the roof. In order to do everything correctly, you need to know the features of creating a truss system, and perform all the work in sequence.

Roof and rafter systems

The roofs of houses are usually inclined planes - they are called slopes. Roofing slopes are based on a truss system, on which a crate is laid for laying roofing materials.

The lower ends of the rafters are usually supported by a Mauerlat. At the intersection of the slopes, ribs are obtained - inclined and horizontal. Horizontal elements are called a ridge. At the intersections of the slopes formed by the incoming corners, valleys and grooves are equipped. The edges of the roof protruding above the walls of the buildings are called gable or cornice overhangs. They are located horizontally, and a ledge extends beyond the outer walls. After laying the battens, then the rafters above them, the roofing material is collected. Before installing the roof, heat, steam and waterproofing must be laid.

From what slope the roof slopes have, the roofs are flat and pitched. The first have a slope of 2.5-10%, and the second - more than 10%. Slopes are roof planes that allow water to drain off it.

Roofs are divided into the following types:

shed - based on two outer walls of different heights;
gable - they are supported by two external walls of the same height (in more detail: "");
tented - they have four slopes, which have the shape of identical triangles converging at a single point;
four-pitched (hip) - roofs with triangular slopes at the ends; when it does not reach the eaves, the roof is called half-hipped;
attic (broken) gable - two planes of such roofs are rectangles connected at obtuse angles.

The type of pitched roof mainly depends on which rafter installation scheme was used. Rafters are the main load-bearing elements of the roof, and they must not only support the weight of the roof, but also be resistant to the pressure of snow and wind. To perform calculations of the truss system, it is necessary to be guided by the type of roofing material, the strength of the winds characteristic of the region and the size of the snow cover.

Rafter legs are interconnected in order to increase the rigidity of the frame. To prevent the roof from blowing away in strong winds, the frame must be connected to the "box" of the house even before. When building private houses, timber truss systems are usually used - they are easily processed and installed.

Types and features of rafters

Before proceeding to how to install the rafters, you need to understand their device and types.

Rafters are layered and hanging. Methods for installing rafters and their type are selected based on roofing materials, loads in the form of wind and snow, and roof slope. Hanging rafters rest only on the extreme two points, for example, on the walls of the house. Intermediate supports in this case are not needed. Hanging rafters are designed to bend and compress. Also, such a system creates a significant bursting load horizontally, transmitted to the walls. It can be reduced with metal or wooden puffs connecting the rafters.

Puffs are placed at the base of the rafters, while the screed is also a floor beam. This method usually used to create mansard roof(read: ""). Puffs can also be located above the rafters. The higher the puffs are located, the more reliable and powerful they should be. Such truss systems are used in cases where the spans are 7-12 meters, and additional supports are not provided. Thus, the main elements of the hanging system are rafter legs with puffs of the lower belt.

Rafters of the layered type are built differently. They are installed in houses in which there is an additional bearing wall or supports located in the center relative to the external load-bearing walls. The ends of such rafters rest on the side walls, and for the middle part there is support from load-bearing pillars or an internal wall. The elements of such rafters work like beams - only in bending.

The installation of one roofing system over several spans involves the alternating installation of hanging and inclined roof trusses. In places where there are no intermediate supports, install hanging rafters, and where they are - inclined. If the roof span (gap between supports) exceeds 6.5 meters (with an additional support element of 10-12 meters), layered rafters are used.

This design is created in the same way as in houses with a frame system. The crate is made from solid double beams or planks of sparse flooring, and it is attached to the rafters with nails.

Lathing under the flooring from soft roof, for example, they are made of roofing material in the form of a continuous flooring. It should consist of two layers of boards - the result is a double flooring. The top layer of the crate is protective, the bottom is considered working. A single solid or sparse (having a gap of 20-30 millimeters) flooring is used as a base for a coating of asbestos-cement slabs. A crate of bars with a base of 50x50 millimeters is used as the basis for classic slate, wavy and tiles.

Rafter legs can be fixed in several ways, depending on the materials from which the structure was built:

by connecting to the upper strapping of wooden frame buildings;
connection with the upper crowns (relevant for houses of wooden chopped and cobbled);
by connecting with support bars (used for stone houses). In this case, the thickness of the Mauerlat should be 150-160 millimeters. It can be solid (the beam is laid along the entire length of the building) or partial (the beams are laid only at the junction with the rafter legs).

Rafter legs of a small section must be protected from sagging - for this, a lattice of struts, crossbars and racks is used. At the same time, racks and struts are made of logs with a diameter of 130-140 millimeters. Correct installation rafters on the roof means connecting them with puffs. So that the rafter legs do not slip along the puff and do not chip, they are cut with a tooth 1/3 of the puff size high, and a spike is created. Sometimes both are used at the same time. Cutting the rafter leg to the end of the puff, the tooth is pushed as far as possible. The puff can remain unharmed if the rafters are installed 30-40 centimeters from its edge.

Rafter installation

To create a truss structure, you can only take lumber of 1-2 grades without rot and wormholes. Boards and beams are cut to the desired length with a circular saw using the transverse cutting method, then the products are trimmed according to a given pattern on the same machine. In width, the elements are sawn on a circular saw along a longitudinal cutting.

The technology for installing rafters is as follows .

Elements of the system are assembled on the striker in templates. The parts to be connected are placed at the striker in a convenient order so that they can be used without unnecessary movements and efforts. Before starting the assembly, a full-size rafter scheme is applied to the striker with charcoal or chalk for connection. On the striker, you can fill the strips that will fix the assembled rafter legs.

After the cutting is completed and the control assembly is carried out, the rafters are marked and completed. The control assembly of the rafter legs is needed in order to be able to install without fitting. In the truss elements, places are provided for installing bolts and dowels. Rafters with a small span are sometimes assembled directly at enterprises, and delivered to the construction site already in ready-made.

Rafter log structures

In the manufacture of log rafters, round debarked wood with a diameter of 18 centimeters is used. Logs should be straight and even, without rot, wormholes, curvature. Small irregularities are processed with an ax along the cord.

Installation of rafters on a log house is the creation of a support for the rafter legs on the upper crowns of the building. The reliability of the design depends on how correctly this is done. The puffs with which the rafter legs will be connected must be made of high quality wood. The log selected for tightening is trimmed to the required length. Since most often a round beam is supplied with a length of 6.5 meters, puffs for large spans are usually made from two or three logs interconnected along the length. Then they select the material for the rafter legs.

Struts and racks, having a shorter length, are made from scraps or from short logs. For selected products, the ends are trimmed and markings are made according to a template of plywood or thin sheet metal. The points of the cuts at the end of the marking are cut out and cleaned with a sharply sharpened ax.

Composite-type beams on lamellar dowels are used in the arrangement of ceilings and upper chords of the truss - they are assembled from beams on wooden dowels. The most common precast section design is the beam. It is a construction of two or three coniferous timber beams connected to each other by lamellar dowels and made using hardwood (most often oak, sometimes birch), it is used during installation. The pins in the beams are installed along the entire length, with the exception of the middle part, in which the shear forces are insignificant.

Beams are produced from first grade beams, previously dried to a moisture level of not more than 20%. This indicator for lamellar dowels for beams should be no more than 10%.

Before installing the rafters on the log house, the beams are assembled. This can be done using a special device consisting of two stands (supports), they have a shaft that performs rotation in two bushings. Bars are located on the trestles on each side of the shaft. With the help of clamps-strands, the ends of the beams are shifted. In order to achieve the desired mounting lift in the beams, two spacers with a thickness suitable for the lift are attached to the shaft.

After the ends of the beams are coupled, their middle becomes bent under the influence of spacers, and the beams are bent based on the magnitude of the rise. During the bending of the beams, you need to pay attention to the fact that the planes of the beams in contact with each other are fitted to each other.

In general, the installation of rafters during the construction of the roof of the bath is identical to the assembly of the structure on the house. Before that, they install a power plate, assemble a truss truss and make a crate.

After the installation of the rafter system and the batten is completed, you can proceed to the flooring of the roofing material. When creating a roof, do not forget about heat, hydro and vapor barrier, especially if you plan to use an attic.

The roof of a log house is no less important than the foundation and walls. Modeling and implementing the construction of the roof of a log house is not an easy task and beyond the power of home-grown craftsmen, excluding small country houses with a simple shed type. The popular types of truss systems that make a log object individual are described below. Owner's choice.

There are several types of roof structures depending on the device, material and purpose:

Straight pitched;
gable;
hip;
Half hip;
Tent;
Forceps and multi-forceps;
attic;
Combined.

Straight pitched roof

To put it bluntly, such an option is devoid of wisdom. Yes, and the appearance leaves much to be desired. It is mainly used in outbuildings, garages. Leaning on the walls different heights. Even an amateur can build such an option. Cheap and angry.

Most practical option for a log building. Not too heavy and simple design.

Depending on the dimensions of the object, such roofs log houses, are built using reinforcement along the rafters, Mauerlat, ridge runs and gables, assembled on the ground and raised up in finished form. Under such a roof, you can arrange a full-fledged attic for storing items or organize an area for other non-residential purposes.

Usually, sliding supports are used in the rafter system - the timber is not fixed tightly to the corresponding mates, but using a special device that allows the massive house not to deform the roof during shrinkage. Otherwise, such a system is called - a sliding roof of a log house. The measure is invaluable when building a facility from scratch.

Having presented the gables of a simple gable roof at an angle to its center, the owner receives this option. There are dormers. The advantages of this type are a wide space inside, absolute resistance to bad weather, strong winds and seismic activity of the soil.

The construction of the roof of a log house of this type is difficult to perform and should be left to professionals. As for the appearance - such a roof, combined with beautiful roofing material, looks great and gives the impression of a fortress, which it really is.

Half hip roof

An even more labor-intensive option. Interesting for its appearance- the pediments are made in the form of trapeziums and are covered with parts of the hips. The attic in this case is extensive and the side parts of the roof can become the walls of the room.

Perfect alignment of edges at one point. It is strongly recommended for buildings that have regular geometric shapes with the same side lengths.

The advantages of other pitched options are resistance to shrinkage and external manifestations of the climate. This is one of the varieties of the hip roof, that is, it will require professional knowledge at the device.

Gable and multi-gable roofing

In a timber or log house, the roof, as conceived by the designer and designer, can become a work of art. This feature was obtained by gable options used on objects that are complex shapes - polygons, bay windows, ledges, turrets.

Covering them with one plane is too problematic, and sometimes impossible. The design of the rafters does not lend itself to forces home master who does not have basic knowledge about the features of construction.

mansard roof

The most practical design of the roof and attic space. Otherwise, these options are called - log house with a sloping roof. The practicality lies in saving material - solid whips - for building a house, with the possibility of obtaining additional living space.

Combined roofs

Different styles used in the construction of a log house should be covered with special roofs that combine all of the above types. So that this does not look like a dissonance, such a truss system is determined even at the design and computer modeling stage.

It will not be possible to independently make such a roof, in principle, damage and waste of material. People who choose this type of roof anticipate spending or increasing their budget in advance.

How to make a roof on a log house yourself

If for some reason the owners cannot use the services of professionals, and have chosen a simple version of the system, then trying to do the work on their own is still worth it - you cannot leave a log house without a roof for a long time. So, a simple gable system:

For rafters, a beam with a cross section of at least 150 mm is used. Accompanying elements can be more modest parameters, bearing - never.
The upper crown is removed and a Mauerlat is installed in its place - a strapping lower bar.
Finished rafter legs, cut at an angle for connection, are mounted on sliding supports and among themselves, if a ridge run is not used. Go beyond the crowns, they should be 20 - 25 cm.
The pediments are assembled on the ground and raised into place in the form of shields.
The crate is stuffed for the insulation tab, heat and waterproofing is installed.
Roof line. It is offered to owners of private housing in numerous options - soft, ceramic, metal. It all depends on the purpose, choice and purchasing power of the client.

All photos from the article

The ridge run or, as it is also called, the roof ridge log is important element rafter system. Moreover, the strength of the roof largely depends on this detail, since the run connects the roof trusses into a single system.

Below we will take a closer look at what this part is and what function it performs.

What is a skate log

So, the ridge run is a log crowning the roof. The very name "run" indicates that the beam is located from wall to wall, or rather from the pediment to the pediment. True, in hip roofs this detail is short, since they have no gables.

As mentioned above, this detail combines trusses into a single structure. The connection of the beam with the rafters is carried out in the ridge knot. Moreover, in some cases, the span serves as a support for the upper part of the rafter legs.

This frame element is made of beams, however, if a roof is made on a log cabin, then a log with a diameter of 150-200 mm is also used as a ridge element. If the building is large, then the span may consist of two connected parts.

Types of roofs and the function of the ridge span

First of all, it should be said that all elements of the roof are interconnected with each other, respectively, they cannot be considered separately. Moreover, depending on the type of roof structure, the part in question can perform different functions. Therefore, below we will get acquainted with the most common options for roofing systems.

So, all existing types of frames can be conditionally divided into several of the most common types:

A type	Peculiarities
With load-bearing gables	In this case, the beam rests on the pediments, which, in fact, are upper part bearing walls. This method of building a roof is the simplest. However, in this case, as a rule, construction costs increase, since more wall materials are required, the price of which is always quite high.
Using racks	The principle of such a system is based on the use of racks installed on load-bearing walls. Thus, the beam is laid on the racks.
hanging	In this case, the span does not serve as a support for the rafter legs, but only links them into a single system. Often, hanging systems are made without a run at all.
Attic	The basis is broken hanging rafters. Such a frame allows you to expand the attic space, which is most often used as a living space.

Below we will take a closer look at these designs and the features of their assembly with our own hands.

Frame with load-bearing gables

As mentioned above, this roof is the simplest, since the walls of the house perform the supporting function. As a rule, the beam not only rests on the gables, but also passes through them, which provides an overhang. True, it is also possible to make an overhang by lengthening the crate.

If for your wooden house If you have chosen a gable roof, then you will need a log, a bar as the main material for its manufacture. The whole process of erecting this structure can be divided into several stages and types. In this article we will tell you what types of truss systems for a log house are, as well as what roof schemes exist.

Nailless (male) roof

A nailless roof is a structure in which a board is laid on horizontally installed logs. The ends of the logs need to be cut into the transverse logs that form the gable.

In this case, the supporting structure is the end walls, "males", the place where the wall of the log house narrows. Logs, which are called slegs, are fastened in it by a serif method, they are covered with a roof.

Logs from the longitudinal walls are hidden inside the house, they need about three to work. For the upper part, as a rule, a large ridge log is used.

To make the roof structure more durable, you need to install a rafter leg. It is a triangular structure, and it is installed in the middle part of the roof.

There is a more economical arrangement of the roof: the end walls are sewn up with hewn boards, and rafters are used to cover the roof. Males do not do this in such a situation; a crate of thin logs is installed on them.

Types of truss systems

For the construction of a pitched roof, you can use hanging rafters and layered ones.

This design is the easiest to assemble and for its manufacture will require a small amount of material. Due to the fact that the layered rafters are held due to the emphasis on outer part walls, they put pressure on the walls of the building. The pressure on the roof causes a bursting effect on the walls, and from this they diverge.

Laminated truss systems are used when roof spans do not exceed 6 meters. If the span is more than 6 m, another support is installed. If the building has a central load-bearing wall, this will be an additional advantage.

Hanging truss systems

If roof spans are more than seven meters and additional supports are not provided, hanging rafters are used. This design does not exert a load on the walls, the effect of bursting is not noticeable. The puff, which is installed in the middle part of the rafter legs, strengthens the rafter.

Roof construction on males

The main load-bearing system in this type of roof is the end walls. Shallow recesses are made in the pediments, and logs (slegi) are installed in them. Therefore, the male roof is in some way a continuation of the wall, in which the logs become shorter and shorter towards the top.

The structure of such a roof can be assembled on the ground. You need to start the process with a base removed from the walls on temporary linings. The log cabin is cut not to its full height, but in parts, making the shifting of the crowns. The advantage of this technique is that you can customize the structure on the ground.

From the logs of the males, which are fastened together with dowels, they form an end wall. This makes it possible to preserve the stability of the pediment. And using dowels, you can achieve additional thermal insulation. Since this design does not have horizontal expansion, it is not entirely reliable.

In order to increase strength, you can connect poles with logs of males:

by cutting "in the paw" in a place where the logs around the corner are not indicated;
"in the paw with a slit";
cutting method "in the root spike".

If the work is done incorrectly and poorly, the house will be purged. Therefore, if you do not have the relevant experience, knowledge, trust a specialist.

At what angle should the roof slopes be?

This issue can be solved with the help of a plumb line nailed to the board and a cord that is attached in the middle of the board.

We raise the board so that the plumb line points to the center of the pediment. If you plan to build a roof with a different slope of the slopes, then the board must be moved to the corner, and the ends of the cord should be stretched towards the corners.

The board must be attached to the wall, the cords must be fixed in the corners. After that, you can already visualize the angles of the slopes. With the second part of the pediment, it is necessary to carry out a similar procedure. Use the water level and focus on the horizon set on the boards.

After the slope boundary is marked, continue to install the gable logs.

Cutting a ridge log can be done in two ways: in the first, we cover the pediment with a log, and in the second, we cover the ridge log with a male log.

If you chose the first option, then the gaps that form at the top of the pediment can be closed with short logs of males.

For the second option, experts advise using a crate of thick and massive logs. This way you will be able to level and raise the roof a bit. The most relevant is the use of lathing for a roof made of tess.

When erecting a roof, do not forget that its protrusion beyond the gables should not exceed 50 cm. In a situation where the extension is greater than this distance, you can strengthen the structure with a log with a large section.

Also, for strengthening, you can cut 2 or 3 ridge sleds and create a ledge in the form of a step in this way. The presence of lower slegs in this case is not necessary, they can be replaced with short logs.

The crate should lie flat. Since cut logs cannot be hewn, when cutting, do not forget to measure their end with a level. In order to check the flatness of the laying, you can carry out flat board over the roof. If you find cavities, irregularities, compensate for them with sawdust; eliminate hunchbacks.

Roof construction with hanging rafters

A hanging rafter roof is a triangular frame whose beams run through the entire structure.

The pressure that acts on the system is distributed over the entire area of the frame: the vertical pressure on the rafters has a bursting effect, and the legs, which are cut into the beams, transfer pressure to the beam, this reduces the stress of the entire structure.

In the design of the roof with hanging rafters, there is a drawback - the bending of the beams. Since in such a situation there is no fulcrum for the bottom of the leg, experts suggest using a rafter system with a “headstock”. In this system, you can use a material with a smaller cross section.

Methods for joining wooden parts

For joining and joining building material use different techniques. Depending on the type of construction, bolts, dowels, dowels, nails, glue, staples are used.

Not only the reliability of the nodes, but also the stability of the entire structure depends on the dimensions of the plane at the junction of the elements.

With an increase in the contact area of the parts, the friction force increases. To complicate the nodal connection, instead of straight cuts on the bars, make dovetail or paw locks. In such cuts, a force arises that prevents the separation of wood elements.

The connection of large knots can be done independently, with the help of an ax, a saw. And the connection of small, complex joints is best left to professional carpenters.

Installation of rafters on a log house

Log roof truss system: nailless (male) roof, layered rafters, hanging truss systems.

Gable roof on a log house: analysis of construction options + technological subtleties

The construction of a roof over a log building is not an easy job, requiring the skills of a skilled carpenter and knowledge of materials science from the master. The performer will need to pre-practice in making connections. He must take into account the traditional shrinkage of walls made of wood. In order to gable roof on the log house was built flawlessly, we need information about the methods of its construction, including ancient roofing technologies. The information we provide will be useful and independent craftsmen, and customers for the services of construction teams for meaningful control.

"Tricks" of wooden housing construction

The popularity of log baths, dachas, residential buildings is justified by the amazing atmosphere, which returns to folk origins. Buildings made of natural wood are distinguished by excellent thermal engineering and an attractive price. A weighty advantage is the ability to spontaneously pass excess fumes. It is impossible not to pay tribute to the solid environmental benefits.

However, the sought-after natural building material has an impressive list of disadvantages. In addition to flammability and sensitivity to waterlogging, carpenters-builders and future owners must worry about:

Dimensional instability wooden structures. Linear movements due to fluctuations in humidity with temperature will accompany the structure until the end of operation. In the early years, elements wooden system move more actively, over time, "playfulness" decreases, but does not disappear.
Mandatory shrinkage, taking into account which it is not customary to equip log cabins for at least a year, is better than two to three years after the crowns are assembled. The forest after laying sags by an average of 10-20%, which must be taken into account when designing a house. Least of all, the walls of glued laminated timber will sag, but its use will not completely eliminate the change in the height of the box.
The difference is in the vector direction of shrinkage. An intense change in size occurs across the log, i.e. perpendicular to the fibers. Along fibers size scaffolding changes slightly: shrinkage along the length of the trunk should not even be taken into account.

Without taking into account the above circumstances, the wooden roof will definitely “move out”. Gaps will appear between the foot of the house and the roofing system, allowing raindrops and melt water to pass through. Next, rotting of the wood will begin, as a result of the complete destruction of not only the upper building envelope, but also the house as a whole.

Taking into account the specifics of the material is not enough for the competent construction of a timber roof. You need to familiarize yourself with all possible ways construction in order to choose a cost-effective and effort-efficient option. You need to understand what forces will act on walls made of logs or timber, by what method you can extinguish their action.

Varieties of roof angles for log cabins

Roofs with two slopes are ideally combined with chopped feet. Two steep pitched planes create the impression of a fabulous hut. The most suitable angle of inclination is 45º-60º, but variations in both directions have every right to exist.

A rival in the field of arranging log cabins for a gable structure can be broken roof, having a similar or pentagonal configuration in section. Gable roofs over log cabins can be insulated or cold, attic or non-attic. As a finishing coating, all types of roofing materials are applicable, including shingles and reeds.

V wooden construction the ancient technologies of erecting roofs with an angle have been preserved and new methods have appeared that allow the wood to move freely without the threat of destruction of the building. According to the device method, gable roofs of timber buildings are divided into two fundamental categories:

Roofs on males - on chopped and cohesive log gables. They complete the walls of the box at the ends, representing their natural continuation. The bearing parts of the roof structure, laid down, according to the "male" method, rest directly on the gables. A crate is laid on top for the installation of a finishing coating.
Roofs with truss system. They are built in accordance with the regulations that dictate standard construction technology. pitched roofs. rafter roofs are hanging and layered, based on floor beams or on walls through the upper crown. The pediments are tritely sewn up with a board, due to which the construction budget is reduced by a couple with the effect of a log house.

In fact, roof manufacturers rarely follow just one technology. truss construction can be combined with the male system. A hanging truss can be installed in the middle of the male roof so that the legs do not sag under their own weight, coupled with roofing and snow.

There are schemes that are generally difficult to attribute to a certain category, because. their crucial design features can be classified in various ways.

For example, the ceiling beam of a log house, a mat or translation, can play the role of a basis for installing layered rafters or serve as a puff that combines elements into a hanging triangle. The tightening of the truss truss can be moved higher, as suggested in another article describing the erection of a roof over a semi-attic. There are a lot of options, but in order to understand the principle of their device, you need to familiarize yourself with the classic schemes.

Rules for making a roof on males

It is a sin for roof builders according to the male scheme not to take advantage of the invaluable advantage of chopped boxes. You can disassemble and assemble them many times like a children's designer. Therefore, the upper crowns are tritely removed from their intended places and installed on a suitable flat area.

It is much more pleasant to work on firm ground without risk, and there is no need to move over shaky scaffolding and footbridges. Linings of aspen chocks are installed under the crown. They imitate the previous rows of logs, so that there are no complications with leveling to the horizon and fitting knots.

If we conditionally divide the log house into three horizontal parts, then the lower 2/3 will fall on the walls, and the upper third on the frame of the gable roof. In fact, this is a wedge converging top of a log house. They build it almost the same way, but gradually reduce the width of the end walls so that the edges of the gables resemble stairs with steps. Instead of long logs falling on the walls of the box, they lay down with a cut. They are cut not in every row, but after two or three.

Males, after erection to full height, are filed in order to form a clear triangular shape. Then the crate is mounted on the slab, the roofing material is on top.

The tops of the males are connected by a ridge slope, which can be laid in two different ways:

With the installation lay down at the top of the male. In such cases, the log that completes the pediment is cut into two edges. The stepped protrusions of the male are sawn off or hewn into a triangle. At its top there are uncovered areas that will need to be filled with shorties.
Covered with logs of the male. According to this technology, the specified ridge beam is covered with logs of the male, shortening towards the top. At the same time, the slopes are located below the line of future slopes. The crate then has to be built from logs of impressive thickness in order to align the plane of the slopes with the boundaries of the gables. Instead of laths, rafters can be installed, the thickness of which compensates for the lack of height in the plane formed by the slabs.

For the manufacture of slegs, the most even logs Ø 18-20 cm are taken. They are fastened with simple cuts "in the paw" or complicated analogues "with a cut" or "thorn". Because the edge of the pediment is hemmed or sawn off; cuts with horizontal parts of fasteners such as “into a frying pan” are not suitable. After all, part of the bearing element of the connection will be removed during processing.

The length of the legs is required to form the gable overhang of the roof. Usually it is 0.5 m. If it is decided to increase the width of the overhang, the slabs are laid in pairs or three in each "step" of the male in order to increase the bearing capacity of the structure. Upon completion of the construction of the roof frame, its geometry is checked by installing the board on an imaginary slope.

The bulges revealed by the board are cut off, the recesses are filled with wooden overlays. However, experienced carpenters advise not to sew on “patches”, but rather to chop more.

The old masters did not use fasteners at all in the manufacture of roofs on males. Structures of this kind are called roofs without nails. There were no gradually rusting rods in the body of wood, therefore the structures served for more than one hundred years.

Combination with rafters

It happens that the construction of a traditional male roof is not possible. For example, as a result of a zealous stacking of surpluses from the snails and males, the cut joints may suffer considerably. V similar situations the classic version is simply complemented from above with layered rafters. The need for squeezing the humps is then automatically eliminated. The final alignment is made along the upper edges of the rafter legs.

The manufacture of rafters is carried out according to a template with marks for cuts and leg length. Chop them in a simple bowl. The accuracy of cutting the connections of the rafters with the slabs is not needed, on the contrary, the bowls should be 3-5 cm larger than the outline of the slab. The log house will inevitably settle, losing height. The rafters will remain almost the same size with the exception of a few mm. The settling box will drag the bottom of the rafters behind it, due to which the angle of connection of the bottom of the rafter and the upper crown will decrease. Those. rafters resting against the upper logs or floor beams will gradually move apart.

Safe for the roof, the displacement of the rafters with respect to the slope will be provided by a wide cut. There should be a gap between the tops of the rafter legs resting on the ridge beam. Moving apart at the bottom, at the top of the rafters during the period of intensive shrinkage, they will approach each other. After shrinkage, the tops are connected with a wooden overlay and / or a puff installed just below. It is possible, without waiting for shrinkage, to connect them with a hinge assembly, which allows the wooden parts of the system to move without gaps between the box and the roof.

The lower heels of the rafters in the described scheme rest against the upper crown, which works like a Mauerlat, or against the edges of the mats - ceiling beams. The knots of the connections are made by cuttings with a spike, the cornice overhang is built up with fillies. So that the gable chopped roof is not blown away from the log house, the rafters are tied through one to the studs hammered into the second crown from the top with wire twists. In areas with high wind load, each rafter leg must be tied. After active shrinkage of a wooden structure, weakened twists should be tightened.

Two slopes with layered rafters

The scheme is similar to the previous type, only the legs are not needed at all. The name of the layered rafter legs is due to the fact that they rest on independent supports at the top and bottom. The lower heels rest on the upper crown, which serves as a Mauerlat, or on the beams of the ceiling. To support the top of the elements of the gable roof truss system above the log house, there are several options:

Ridge or prince's slug, laid between the males. The rafters laid on the top are not fastened or connected by a hinge for the reasons stated above.
Internal main wall. There should also be a gap between the top of the rafters, because. their edges rest on walls of different heights, therefore, with different shrinkage. There is no special sense in the device of males for such a roof, the pediments are tritely sheathed with a board.
The support structure installed on the mats under the ridge beam. Males in this case, again, are not built. To compensate for shrinkage, the support posts are installed on screw adjusting devices, which allow, following a decrease in the height of the log house, to reduce the length of the support posts. earlier, instead of compensating devices, wooden linings were used, which were removed after shrinkage.

The cornice overhang of the sloping roof above the log house is most often provided by sewn-on fillies. Although it can be formed by the removal of the rafter legs, if they are attached not by cuts, but by sliding connecting devices. Sliding fasteners allow you to build roofs over chopped stacks without waiting for shrinkage.

Hanging roof device diagram

Hanging rafter legs got their name because they seem to hang over the equipped box. They have only walls as lower supports, and the same part of the rafter located opposite serves as the upper support. The lower heels are connected by a puff, due to which the hanging rafters turn into an equilateral triangle, also called a truss arch or truss. The puff "takes on the chest" thrust, transmitted in a layered scheme to the walls.

Compensation for the action of the thrust by tightening is a significant plus of the hanging system. He was gladly borrowed by the builders of layered roofs, trying to minimize the forces that burst the walls of the house with an increase in the load on the slopes. The ceiling beam can successfully play the role of tightening. And then it really will not become clear whether the truss frame of a gable roof will need to be attributed to the layered or hanging category.

The priceless advantage of hanging systems is that for the production With the log roof boards do not have to go up. All patterned rafter triangles fit together perfectly and fit securely.

In the list of minuses, the first place is occupied by restrictions on overlapping spans. Systems without a central support do not cover large-span buildings. When arranging a house up to 5 m wide, a simple truss arch is used without additional details that increase the rigidity of the structure. Puffs for larger spans may bend from their own weight. To eliminate sagging in the center of the rafter triangle, a suspension headstock is installed.

To understand the essence of the construction of a hanging truss system, consider the technology for installing arches over a small log house. The lower heels of the rafters will rest on the ceiling beams, we will strengthen the connection of the upper edges with a wooden lining and screed. We entrust the formation of the cornice overhang with fillies, we entrust the responsibility of ensuring the rigidity of the structure to small supports. Males will not be built. Gables created by stingrays after holding installation work sew with a board.

To mark the lines of the slopes, we find the centers of both ends and mark them on the upper crown. Focusing on the mark, we set the board vertically, any longitudinal edge of which will repeat the imaginary central axis. We will equip both ends with boards, mark the height of the roof on them, using a water or laser level. Between the boards you need to stretch the construction cord, indicating the ridge line of the roof.

The order of work on the installation of a hanging roof:

We align the bypasses of the beams that extend beyond the foot. We drive a nail into the extreme beams according to the design dimensions, pull the cord, mark the excess, saw off with a chainsaw.
On the ceiling beams, we mark the location of the nests required to install the rafter legs. Similarly, we hammer in nails, pull the cord and draw the groove lines for the future tooth on the rafter leg.
We make a truss truss template. We apply a board of suitable sizes with the lower edge to the first mat, the upper edge must be held so that the edge of the board lies under the lace indicating the ridge line. Where the board and the cord touch, put a mark and draw a line down from it using a plumb line. On the matrix, we draw the line of the lower washed down and mark the location of the tooth on the rafter where the nest is marked on the beam.
We make rafters according to the template and assemble them on a flat area.
We transfer the rafter triangles to the roof and install in place. We check the verticality with a plumb line and fasten it with temporary jibs.
On the mats inside the log house, with the help of a ruler, two nails and laces, we mark the grooves for supports under the rafter legs. This procedure, it seems to me, is more convenient to do along with the marking of nests.
We make supports by forming a spike at their base. We mark the height of the support in fact, trying it on the rafter leg.
We install drains, the top of which we fasten with two wooden plates.
We select the grooves in the extreme matrices for the installation of fillies.
We sew on the extreme fillies, hammer nails into them, stretch the cord between them.
We install intermediate fillies along the cord, after installation of which we draw up overhangs with a wind board.

From the inside, the rafter triangles should be connected by diagonal wind ties. Outside, the rigidity of the structure will be supported by the crate, the type of which is selected according to the type of finish.

Those wishing to equip warm roof thermal insulation will need to be laid between the rafters. Waterproofing is laid on top of the rafter legs in front of the batten, regardless of whether the structure will be insulated.

The examples and schemes of gable roofs given by us over log boxes will help to decide on the best option construction. Any of the basic versions can be modified and adapted to individual specifications. Information about the specifics of the device is useful both for those who are going to equip their property with their own hands, and for those who need to control the work.

In general, a gable roof on a log house is a widely used solution. This is a relatively simple installation, and the absence of problems with snow in the cold season. In addition, almost all materials are suitable: both metal tiles and slate. The main thing is to accurately calculate and design everything. The most important thing: the correct calculation of the roof slope. From 20 to 60 degrees depending on weather conditions in the region.

Log house of a gable roof: how to make a gable roof on a log house

In what ways can a gable roof be arranged on a log house, it is desirable to prefer new or old technology for erecting the roof of a log house.

Methods for attaching rafters to a log house

After erecting the walls and waiting for six months to complete the shrinkage, you can proceed to the next stage of construction - the installation of the roofing system. For wooden houses and baths, most often a standard gable roof with a significant slope is chosen, on which snow will not accumulate. The rafters for the log house must be strong and properly installed, the security of the walls and ceilings and the durability of the entire structure depend on the reliability of the roof. How to put rafters on a log house?

Mounting options for the truss system

Before installing the rafters, it is necessary to mount the ceiling beams. In the upper crown of the log house, it is necessary to make a technological hole, which is called a cut - a beam will be installed in it. In this case, the hole should not be through, so that the end of the ceiling beam does not suffer from the action of atmospheric phenomena.

The distance between the beams depends on what material is supposed to be used for the floor, and on the options for using the attic or attic room. The minimum recommended step is half a meter.

Installation of rafters on a log house can be carried out in two main ways:

Do-it-yourself installation and installation of rafters on a log house or bathhouse

The procedure for the construction of any building in general view simple enough. First, the foundation is laid, the walls are erected, the roof is mounted, and then the internal work is carried out. The topic of this article is the installation of do-it-yourself rafters on a log house.

Installing ceiling beams

If you have a building made of logs or timber, then the top 2 crowns do not need to be fixed during the construction of walls before installing the ceiling beams. Special holes will be made in them, called "cuts" for laying beams. The dimensions of the cuts are determined by the dimensions of the ceiling beams, which, in turn, are pre-calculated for the expected loads. It is possible that a cut is not made in the upper crown, but in this case, if it is necessary to replace the ceiling beam, problems will arise, since you will have to remove the upper crown or saw off the damaged beam.

The notch for the ceiling beam must be "deaf", i.e. blind. This will help protect the end of the beam from the effects of atmospheric phenomena.

The required step for installing ceiling beams is calculated based on the expected loads and the material you use for this, the minimum step is 50 cm.

After installing the ceiling beams, you can think about how to install the rafters on the house or bath.

There are few ways to assemble rafters, or rather, only 2:

Collect roof trusses on the ground and lift them to the house in finished form.
Collect directly on the roof and raise the elements of roof trusses there.

The first method is good for relatively light structures that can be lifted by several people. The second is used for massive rafters, which are difficult to lift manually into the house. If you have the ability to lift the rafters with a crane, you can also assemble heavy trusses on the ground.

We collect roof trusses on the ground

In previous articles, we talked about how various elements of truss trusses can be connected. In this article, we will consider a specific example of assembling hanging rafters with a crossbar for a 5x4 bath with gable roof. We will put the rafters after assembly on the ground - it’s more convenient.

Rafter legs are made of edged board"fifty" 10 cm wide. The crossbar and puff are made of the same material. The length of the rafter legs is 280 cm. The length of the puff is 440 cm. We install the crossbar at a height of 50 cm from the ridge. Slope angles - 40 °. The assembly instructions are due to the design of the hanging rafters. The upper ends of the rafter legs rest against each other in the ridge, for this we saw off their ends so that the lower ends create an angle of 40 ° with tightening (see photo). We saw off the lower ends at the right angle too. You can fasten with bolts, pads, nails, etc., having previously calculated the required amount for each node.

The crossbar gives additional rigidity to the rafters. To install it, we make a cut in the rafter leg to the width of the crossbar. At the ends of the crossbar we make a tooth with a length equal to the width of the rafter, and a thickness equal to the depth of the cut, on the rafter leg. Fasten with screws, nails or other fasteners.

Do-it-yourself installation of rafters begins with extreme trusses, so it is better to sheathe them immediately on the ground. To do this, after 40 cm on the rafters we fill the bars for attaching the sheathing, the material for the bars can be taken in the size of 40x40 or 50x50. Sheathing boards should protrude beyond the puff to a width of 2.5 cm or more so that water from the pediment does not flow onto the sheathing of the log cabin of the bath. When the cornice is sheathed, this issue will be hidden by its sheathing.

You can sheathe the gable not vertically, but horizontally. Then the crate is stuffed vertically, tying the puff and rafter legs. Here, too, it is necessary to provide 2.5 cm for the outlet on the side of the puff, for the same purposes as in the version of the vertical skin.

Installing assembled farms

After all the farms are assembled, they must be sequentially raised to the roof.

The technology for installing rafters is as follows:

We raise and fix the extreme farms. To do this, we drill 2-3 holes in the puff for attaching the rafters to the beams of the upper crown of the log house. We place a plumb line on the crossbar in the center to control the verticality of the farm.
If it is required by calculation, we install additional jibs. You can also temporarily fix trusses with jibs until complete installation the entire system. After all trusses are raised and installed, the jibs can be removed.
We install the central truss, also checking its verticality and fixing it with additional elements if necessary.
We install the rest of the farms in the same way as the central one.
We connect the farms with each other using the crate. It can be made from a bar, edged or unedged boards, plywood, OSB boards. The choice of material for the crate is determined by the choice of roofing material with which you are going to cover the roof.

In order to assemble the rafters on the roof in the same way, 4 people are needed. The rafter legs are connected in a horizontal position, and then with the help of ropes they rise and are installed in place. In this option, difficulties may arise when installing intermediate trusses, since those already installed will interfere with their lifting.

As you can see, in the above example, the installation of roof trusses was carried out in the absence of a ridge run. If a ridge run is necessary for the roof, then it is no longer possible to assemble the rafters on the ground. In this case, they will have to be lifted to the roof in disassembled form and assembled already at the installation site.

Roof rafter assembly

If the project of your house provides for layered rafters, and not hanging ones, as in the previous example, then in order to mount them, you need additional support. How to put the rafters correctly in this case? First you need to install a ridge run.

If the gables of your house are made of bricks or blocks, then the girder can be supported on them, while the ends of the girder should protrude beyond the gables so that you can form a cornice overhang. Runs are usually made of logs or timber. The standard length of such material is 6 m. Manually lifting such a log onto the roof of a house is quite problematic, most likely, it will be required crane. Gables must withstand the pressure of the run, so they are made using reinforced masonry. By the way, it is possible to carry out the installation of the roof without rafters, only with the help of ridge and side runs. In this case, the crate is stuffed into the runs. This method is applicable for a roof with a cold attic, if you plan to use the attic for housing, then keep in mind that in the attic the insulation must be able to ventilate, so you still have to use layered rafters.

For this type of rafters, the location of all elements in the same plane is unimportant, and the rafters can be laid on the ridge run in turn.

Depending on the material and design loads, the rafters may have additional elements in the form of braces, struts, racks. We described the scheme of their fastening in previous articles. If, according to the project of your house, the pediments are not designed for the installation of a ridge run, it is mounted on several racks that are installed on a bed. In this case, the bed is first mounted, the racks are mounted on it, then the ridge run, and only then the layered rafters.

Do-it-yourself installation and installation of rafters on a log house or bathhouse: technology

Installation of rafters is possible in 2 ways. The first is when the roof truss is assembled on the ground and rises to the roof already in finished form. The second - when the installation of rafters is carried out immediately on the roof.