Lathing step under a soft roof. Types of lathing for soft roofing and load calculation Lathing for soft roof tiles

The roof made of bituminous soft tiles is easy to use, durable and aesthetic. Its big plus is that it is quite possible self-assembly. The technology is not the most complicated, the weight of the fragment is small, it is attached to the adhesive base, additionally fixed with roofing nails. So the installation of soft tiles with your own hands can be done even alone.

Roofing cake for soft tiles

The attic under the roof can be warm or cold, depending on this, the composition of the roofing cake changes. But its part from the rafters and above always remains unchanged:

waterproofing is stuffed on the rafters;
on it - bars with a thickness of at least 30 mm;
solid flooring.

Here we will consider these materials in more detail - from what and how to make, what features each of them has.

Waterproofing

Waterproofing membranes are available in one, two or three layers. Single-layer membranes - the simplest and cheapest, perform only a dual task - do not allow moisture to pass towards the room and release vapors to the outside. So in a simple way not only is the attic protected from the penetration of condensate or suddenly leaked precipitation, but also excess moisture that accompanies human life is removed from the air. Single-layer membranes are poorly represented on the market. Practically they are produced by one company - Tyvek.

Two and three-layer membranes are more durable. They, in addition to the waterproofing layer, also have a layer that gives greater tensile strength. The third layer, if any, is the absorbent layer. That is, even if a drop of condensate has formed on the surface of the membrane, this layer absorbs it into itself, preventing it from spilling onto other materials. With sufficient ventilation, moisture from this layer gradually evaporates and is carried away by air currents.

Three-layer membranes (for example, EUROTOP N35, RANKKA, YUTAKON) are desirable if your attic is insulated and mineral wool is used as a heater. It is afraid of getting wet and with an increase in humidity by 10% loses half of its thermal insulation properties.

If under soft tiles there will be cold attic, it is desirable to use a two-layer waterproofing membrane. In terms of strength, it is much better than single-layer ones, and at a price it is only a little more expensive.

crate

On top of the waterproofing film, parallel to the overhang, the lathing strips are stuffed. They are necessary to create a ventilation gap. It will help maintain the normal humidity of roofing materials.

The crate is made of coniferous boards (mainly pine). The thickness of the boards is at least 30 mm. This is the minimum gap that will ensure the normal movement of air in the under-roof space. Before laying, the wood must be treated with an impregnation that protects against pests and fungi; after drying this layer, it is also treated with fire retardants, which reduce the combustibility of wood.

The minimum length of the board for the crate is at least two spans of rafters. They are attached and connected above the rafter legs. You can't connect them anywhere else.

Flooring

The flooring under soft tiles is made solid. Materials are selected based on the fact that nails must be driven into it, therefore they are usually used:

OSB 3;
moisture resistant plywood;
tongue-and-groove or edged board of the same thickness (25 mm) with a moisture content of not more than 20%.

When laying flooring under soft tiles, it is necessary to leave gaps between the elements to compensate for thermal expansion. When using plywood or OSB, the gap is 3 mm, between edged boards 1-5 mm. Sheet material is fastened with a run-out of seams, that is, so that the joints are not continuous. Fasten the OSB with self-tapping screws or ruffed nails.

Using boards as flooring, it is necessary to ensure that the annual rings of the wood are directed downwards. With the reverse arrangement, they will be arched, soft tiles will be lifted, the tightness of the coating may be broken. There is another trick that will allow you to save wood flooring smooth even if the moisture content of the boards is above 20%. When laying the ends of the boards, they are additionally fastened with two nails or self-tapping screws hammered close to the edge. This additional fastener will prevent the boards from bending during shrinkage.

The choice of the thickness of the material for flooring under soft tiles depends on the pitch of the crate. The larger the pitch, the thicker the flooring required. The best option is a frequent step and thin plates. In this case, a light but rigid base is obtained.

Another point concerns the installation of flooring for soft tiles around the chimney pipe. With a brick pipe, the width of which is more than 50 cm, a groove is made behind it (pictured). This design, reminiscent of a mini-roof. It separates the rain streams, they roll down the sides of the pipe without flowing into the under-roof space.

After installing the flooring, its geometry is checked. The length is measured, the width of the slope at the top and bottom, the height of the slope on both sides, the diagonals are measured. And the last check - tracking the plane - the entire slope must lie entirely in the same plane.

Soft tile roofing technology

When buying, you will most likely be provided with instructions for which the installation of soft tiles will be described step by step and in detail, indicating all the exact dimensions that this particular manufacturer requires. These recommendations should be followed. However, it is worth getting acquainted with the order of work and their volumes ahead of time - in order to understand the intricacies of installation and the required amount of materials.

We must say right away that it is necessary to handle soft tiles when laying carefully - she does not like it if she is bent. Therefore, try not to bend or crush the shingles unnecessarily (this is one fragment consisting of a visible and mounting part).

Overhang reinforcement

The drip bar is installed first. This is an L-shaped sheet of metal coated with paint or polymer composition. polymer coating more expensive, but also more reliable. The color is selected close to the color shingles.

Drip bar installed along the roof overhangs

The task of the drip bar is to protect the crate, sections of rafters and flooring from moisture. With one edge, the dropper is laid on the flooring, with the second it closes the overhang. It is fastened with galvanized (stainless steel) nails, which are hammered in a checkerboard pattern (one is closer to the fold, the second is almost at the edge). Fastener installation step - 20-25 cm.

The drip bar is sold in two-meter pieces. Having laid the first element, the second is fixed with an overlap of at least 3 cm. If desired, the gap can be closed: grease the joint with bituminous mastic, fill it with sealant. At the same stage, it is mounted, in any case, hooks are nailed that will hold the gutters.

Laying waterproofing carpet

Regardless of the angle of the roof, a waterproofing lining must be laid in and along the slope. It is sold in meter wide rolls. An adhesive is applied to the underside, covered with a protective film or paper. Before laying, the paper is removed, the valley carpet is glued to the flooring.

Installation of a waterproofing carpet begins with laying it in the valley. Roll out the material of a meter width, distributing 50 cm on both sides of the bend. Here it is desirable to do without joints, but, if necessary, the overlap of two canvases should be at least 15 cm. Laying goes from bottom to top, the junction is additionally coated with bitumen mastic, the material is well pressed.

Next, a waterproofing carpet for flexible tiles is laid along the cornice overhang. The minimum width of the carpet on the cornice overhang is the size of the overhang itself, plus 60 cm. First, the carpet is rolled out, if necessary, cut, then the protective film is removed from the inside and glued to the substrate. Additionally, they are fixed along the edges with stainless steel or galvanized nails with a large flat hat (step 20-25 cm).

In places of a horizontal joint, the overlap of two canvases is at least 10 cm, in the vertical direction - at least 15 cm. All joints are additionally smeared with bituminous mastic, the material is crimped.

Lining carpet

The lining carpet, as well as the waterproofing carpet, is sold in rolls of meter width, the back side is covered with an adhesive. The laying method depends on the slope of the roof and on the profile of the selected shingles.

When using shingles with cuts (such as Jazz, Trio, Beaver tail), regardless of the slope, the lining carpet is spread over the entire surface of the roof.

Underlayment installation often requires undercutting. This is done with a sharp knife. In order not to damage the material below when cutting, enclose a piece of plywood or OSB.

Fronton (end) plank

Gable strips are mounted on the side sections of the overhangs. These are strips of metal bent in the form of the letter "G", along the fold line of which there is a small protrusion. They cover the laid roofing materials from wind loads, from moisture ingress. The gable plank is laid on the flooring over the lining or waterproofing carpet, fixed with nails (stainless steel or galvanized) in a checkerboard pattern with a step of 15 cm.

These planks also come in pieces of 2 m, stacked with an overlap of at least 3 cm.

Slope marking

To make the installation of soft tiles simple, markings in the form of a grid are applied to the lining carpet or flooring. Do this with a painter's cord. The lines along the cornice overhang are applied at a distance equal to 5 rows of tiles, in the vertical - every meter (the length of one flexible tile shingle). This marking makes laying easier - the edges are leveled along it, it is easier to track distances.

Valley carpet

On top of the already laid waterproofing carpet, another valley material is laid. It is slightly wider, serves as an additional guarantee of no leaks. Without removing the protective film from the underside, it is laid, cut at the bottom in the overhang area, and the boundaries are marked. Deviating from the mark of 4-5 cm, a special mastic of increased fixation Fixer is applied. It is applied from a syringe, with a roller, then rubbed with a spatula into a strip about 10 cm wide.

A valley carpet is laid out on the mastic, the folds are smoothed out, the edges are pressed. Stepping back from the edge by 3 cm, it is fixed with nails in increments of 20 cm.

Connection to a brick pipe

To bypass pipes and ventilation outlets, patterns are made from a valley carpet or galvanized metal, painted in the appropriate color. The surface of the pipe is plastered, treated with a primer.

When using a valley carpet, a pattern is made so that the material enters the pipe by at least 30 cm, and at least 20 cm should remain on the roof.

The pattern is smeared with bitumen mastic, placed in place. the front part is installed first, then the right and left.

Part of the side elements is wrapped on the front part. The back wall is installed last. Its parts go to the side.

With proper installation on the flooring around the pipe, a platform is obtained, completely covered with a valley carpet. Before laying tiles in this place, the surface is smeared with bituminous mastic.

The tile from three sides enters the laid carpet, not reaching the walls of the pipe 8 cm.

The upper part of the junction is sealed with a metal strip, which is attached to the dowels.

All gaps are filled with heat-resistant sealant.

Conclusion of round pipes

For the passage of ventilation pipes there are special passage devices. They are positioned so that the lower edge of the element extends over the tile by at least 2 cm.

Having attached the passage element to the roof, its inner hole is circled. According to the applied contour, a hole is cut in the substrate, into which a round pipe is led out.

The back of the skirt of the passage element is smeared with bituminous mastic, set to the desired position, and additionally fastened around the perimeter with nails. When installing soft tiles, the penetration skirt is smeared with mastic.

The shingle is cut as close as possible to the ledge of the penetration, the gap is then filled with mastic, which is covered with a special UV-protective dressing.

starting strip

The installation of soft tiles begins with the laying of the starting strip. Usually it is a ridge-cornice tile or an ordinary one with cut petals. The first element is laid on one of the edges of the slope, going to the edge of the gable plank. The lower edge of the starting strip is laid on the drip, stepping back from its fold 1.5 cm.

Before installation, the protective film is removed from the back, the shingle is leveled and laid. Each section of bituminous tiles is fastened with four nails - at the corners of each fragment, stepping back from the edge or perforation line 2-3 cm.

If a cut from an ordinary tile is used as a starting strip, in some part of it there will be no adhesive composition. In these places, the substrate is smeared with bituminous mastic.

Installation of soft ordinary tiles

There is a flexible tile with an applied adhesive mass, protected by a film, and there is a composition that does not require a protective film, although it also fixes the elements well on the roof. When using the first type of material, the film is removed immediately before installation.

Before laying bituminous tiles on the roof, several packs are opened - 5-6 pieces. Laying is carried out from all packs at the same time, taking one shingle from each one in turn. Otherwise, there will be pronounced spots on the roof that differ in color.

The first shingle is laid so that its edge does not reach the edge of the starting strip by 1 cm. In addition to the adhesive composition, the tiles are also fixed with roofing nails. The number of fasteners depends on the angle of the slope:

When installing soft tiles, it is important to drive in nails correctly. Hats should be pressed against the shingle, but not break through its surface.

Valley design

With the help of a paint cord in the valley, an area is marked in which nails cannot be driven in - this is 30 cm from the middle of the valley. Then mark the boundaries of the gutter. They can be from 5 to 15 cm in both directions.

The upper corner, which is turned towards the valley, is cut

When laying ordinary shingles, nails are driven in as close as possible to the line beyond which nails cannot be hammered, and shingles are trimmed to the floor of the gutter laying line. To prevent water from flowing under the material, the upper corner of the tile is cut obliquely, cutting off about 4-5 cm. The loose edge of the tile is smeared with bituminous mastic and fixed with nails.

Decoration of the pediment

On the sides of the slope, the tiles are cut so that up to the edge (protrusion) end plate 1 cm remained. The upper corner of the shingle is cut off in the same way as in the valley - a piece of 4-5 cm obliquely. The edge of the tile is smeared with mastic. A strip of mastic - at least 10 cm. Then it is fixed with nails, like the rest of the elements.

If the flooring in the area of the ridge is made solid, a hole is cut along the ridge, which should not reach the end of the rib 30 cm.

It is fixed with long roofing nails. On a long skate, several elements can be used, they are joined end-to-end. The installed metal ridge is covered with ridge tiles. A protective film is removed from it, then the fragment is fixed with four nails (two on each side). The installation of soft tiles on the ridge goes towards the prevailing winds, one fragment overlaps the other by 3-5 cm.

The ridge tile is a ridge-eaves divided into three parts. A perforation is applied on it, a fragment comes off along it (first bend, press the fold, then tear off).

The same elements can be cut from an ordinary tile. It is divided into three parts, not paying attention to the drawing. At the resulting tiles, a corner is cut off - about 2-3 cm on each side. The middle of the fragment is heated with a building hair dryer on both sides, placed in the middle on a bar and, gently pressing, bend over.

Ribs and kinks

The ribs are covered with ridge tiles. A line is beaten off along the bend at the required distance with a masking cord. The edge of the tile is aligned along it. Laying of flexible tiles on the edge goes from bottom to top, each fragment is glued, then stepping back from the top edge of 2 cm, fixed with nails - two on each side. The next fragment comes to the laid 3-5 cm.

Soft roof in last years gained popularity among developers. But not everyone knows in advance that the base on which bituminous tiles are usually laid is very different from the crate on which slate, ondulin or metal tiles are mounted. Let's try to figure out how the crate should be arranged under soft roof and how its installation differs from the installation of a conventional crate.

A kind of foundation for the roof is the Mauerlat, on which the entire rafter system. Flexible shingles do not tolerate unevenness, unnecessary bends, height differences and protruding nails in the base on which they will be laid, so it is necessary to take the geometric parameters of the roof structure very seriously from the very beginning. All Mauerlat bars must lie strictly horizontally for any configuration of the structure. And the lines connecting the ends of the Mauerlats at the ends of the buildings should make an angle of 90 ° with them. If a device is also provided at the ends pitched roof, then the end Mauerlat should lie perpendicular to the longitudinal ones in the same horizontal plane with them.

Rafters - the frame of the future roof

If the mauerlat is laid and fixed correctly, then the installation of rafters prepared according to one template, even for figured roofs, will be simple. As a matter of fact, this is where the similarity with the frame for other roofing materials ends. Under rigid roof sheets, the lathing can be made from unedged boards in one layer with an interval between boards of 150–400 mm. Under flexible tiles, it is necessary to prepare a solid, even and smooth base in two layers:

The crate itself is made of a calibrated (same thickness) edged board with a width of 100 mm, which can be mounted at intervals from 100 to 400 mm.

Solid base, on which soft tiles are glued, made of plywood or OSB-3 board (osb, OSB-3)

Plywood and / or OSB-3 board must be moisture resistant! Everything wooden structures roofs: mauerlat, rafters, ridge run, racks, struts, boards and timber for sheathing, must have a moisture content of not more than 20%.

When calculating the distance between the rafter legs, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the board, plywood sheets or OSB boards. If the pitch is 500 mm, then the thickness of the board can be 20 mm, and plywood or OSB boards - 10 mm. With a step of 1000 mm, the thickness of the board should already be 25 mm, and plywood or OSB board must be taken with a thickness of 20 mm. The distance may be different, respectively, and the thickness of the boards and sheets of plywood, or OSB-3 boards should also be taken differently. Here it must be understood that the board serves as a crate to support the slab or plywood. If the distance between the boards is too large, the sheet material may eventually bend, sag between the supports, which will lead to deformation of the soft roof. The figures for the width of the board and the thickness of the materials used are minimal. Therefore, if funds are available, it is possible to purchase plywood or a plate with a thickness greater than required by calculations. In this case, the step of the board can be slightly increased. With a thickness less than required, it would be better to make a crate of boards solid. What is the reason for this? The thing is mechanical characteristics materials:

The board can maintain its rigidity for decades under the right operating conditions and will lie flat even with a rafter spacing of 1200 mm or more. Of course, the board must have a thickness corresponding to this step.
OSP-3 plywood and board can sag over the years under the influence of temperature changes and changeable humidity if it rests on points or lines of support with a distance of even 500 mm between them.
For all its rigidity, the board can “lead”, warp over time, the edges of individual boards can go out of the general plane of the surface. A flexible tile does not like this. It is torn, squeezed, rubbed, which will cause the need to repair the roof.
Obviously, the use of only boards or only plywood or OSB boards will lead to the fact that very soon bituminous tiles will begin to tear at the seams of the board or sag along with boards or plywood. And this may mean that the installation of the roof will have to be done again.
Only the combination of the rigidity of the board and the even surface of OSB boards or plywood will give reliability to the base for soft tiles, and there will be no need to repair the roof for a long time.

To find best option, you need to find out the cost of all materials, and calculate the consumption at different options step. For example, the cost of an OSB-3 board with a thickness of 20 mm is almost twice as high as the cost of this board with a thickness of 10 mm. Training roof structures roofs for installation should take into account the fact that wood is a combustible material and prone to decay. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out appropriate treatment with fire retardant impregnations and antiseptics, and in places where the rafter legs come into contact with the wall, it is better to lay waterproofing material. For example - ruberoid. Under the Mauerlat, a layer of waterproofing is necessarily laid.

Lathing device

Lathing under a soft roof must meet the following requirements:

A solid, even, smooth base surface without deflections, gouges, chips, cracks and protruding chips or nails.
Technical gaps between OSB boards or plywood sheets, necessary to compensate for their possible expansion, should not exceed 6 mm.
During installation, the edges of sheets and plates must be cleaned so that they are not sharp, even if they lie close to each other.

Only under these conditions, flexible tiles will serve for a long time and reliably. Another important condition is the possibility of ventilation of the under-roof space.. If the attic is non-residential, then under the eaves there should be a slot for air to enter under the roof, and under the ridge there should be “windows” for air to escape. When constructing an attic, the inner lining of the walls and ceiling will need to be done so that air can circulate freely in the space between the roofing “pie” and the lining of the room from the bottom up. This space, by the way, will serve as additional sound and thermal insulation of the attic. Alternatively, with the initial planning of the attic with additional insulation, the best option would be a waterproofing device under the roof. To do this, you need to pull along the rafters waterproofing membrane, fix it with a counter-lattice from a bar with a section of 50 x 30 or 50 x 50 mm and already mount two layers of base for a soft roof on the counter-lattice. The gap between the membrane and the crate of the boards will serve ventilation duct for air circulation. In this case, you must not forget to leave air vents in the upper part of the roof so that the air coming from under the eaves and rising up under the roof has the opportunity to escape. Installation of a two-layer base under flexible tiles leads to an increase in the cost of the roof in terms of 1 m², but at the same time allows you to save on insulation. The final touch of the base device for soft tiles should be the installation of a cornice strip or drip.

They will serve as protection against water ingress on the wooden structures of the truss system. If at the same time it is planned to install gutters, then they must be installed before the drip.

Bitumen shingles have become one of the most popular in recent years. roofing, thanks to its original appearance, which imitates the classical ceramic tiles. simple technology fixing the shingles with a self-adhesive layer simplifies the self-laying of the material, but before starting installation work roof structure requires thorough preparation. In this article we will tell you how a roofing cake is made for soft tiles.

A soft roof is called a bituminous tile, which is made from fiberglass or polyester impregnated with modified petroleum bitumen or synthetic rubber. The outer surface of the shingle is sprinkled with basalt or mineral chips to impart color, texture and mechanical strength to the material. Soft tiles are produced in the form of tiles with a figured edge, the length of which is 100 cm, the width is 30-45 cm, and the thickness is 0.3-0.45 mm. This roofing has the following features:

A light weight. A square meter of a soft roof weighs no more than 13 kg, which allows you not to burden the truss frame with additional elements.
Flexibility. The material has high elasticity and flexibility, so it is easy to fit on roofs of complex shape.
Durability. The service life of a roof with such a coating is up to 70 years, and it does not require special maintenance.
Resistance to environmental factors. Soft roofing is valued for its high moisture resistance, tolerance to ultraviolet radiation and temperature changes.

Note! Soft roofing is not recommended for installation on structures with a high risk of fire, as it belongs to flammable materials. To reduce the likelihood of fires, the device of the truss frame is performed with mandatory treatment with fire-blocking preparations.

The nuances of work

The soft roof is fixed to the base with a self-adhesive layer of low-melting bitumen on the underside of the material, protected by a polyethylene protective film. The installation of a roof made of bituminous tiles can only be carried out under certain weather conditions:

The ambient temperature should not be lower than 5-10 degrees, otherwise the bitumen layer will have to be heated forcibly using a building hair dryer or gas burner at the risk of damaging the tiles.
The ambient temperature should not exceed 25 degrees, so that during the arrangement of the roof, the bitumen layer does not melt and does not flow down the slope.
performed in dry, non-rainy weather on a dried base to prevent rotting of the truss frame and finish coating during operation.

Important! Store shingles for roof decking in a dry place, protected from direct sunlight, to prevent melting of the bituminous adhesive layer. It is not recommended to remove the protective film from the shingle to prevent sticking of the material before installation of the coating.

Foundation Requirements

The device of a soft roof begins with the preparation of the base, the strength and reliability of which determine the service life and moisture resistance of the structure. The process of creating a roofing pie under bituminous roofing must be carried out strictly in accordance with the technology. The base provides flexible tiles with the following conditions:

mechanical strength. A soft roof is laid exclusively on a continuous crate, since it is not able to keep its shape on its own. Therefore, the base for mounting the coating is made of sheets of moisture-resistant plywood or chipboard.
Smoothness. bottom surface flexible roofing it is easy to damage, therefore, laying is carried out on a lining carpet, however, the base does not interfere with sharpening, freeing it from knots and notches.
Flat surface. Installation of a roof made of bituminous tiles does not tolerate curvature. Any misalignment of the battens will result in gaps between the shingles.
ventilation. The ventilation gap between the bituminous tile roofing and the truss frame must be at least 50 mm to avoid the “greenhouse effect” and condensation.

Please note that the matching of the base right technology guarantees a long service life of the roof, the absence of leaks and mechanical damage to the frame.

Preparation technology

The roofing pie, with the help of which the soft roof is installed, consists of a vapor barrier layer, insulation, waterproofing, counter-battens, sparse lathing, lining carpet and topcoat. The quality of the design depends on the correct calculation, sequence and compatibility of materials. Preparing the roof for soft tiles is as follows:

First of all, it is necessary to check the condition of the truss frame. All rotten elements must be replaced. Re-treat with flame retardant and antiseptic.
Fasten vapor-permeable membrane waterproofing over the rafters with overlapping strips. The waterproofing material is fixed with a construction stapler with sagging to avoid tearing in the event of a leak.
On top of the waterproofing, slats of a counter-lattice 3-4 cm thick are nailed to provide a ventilation gap. Then, perpendicular to the rafters, a sparse crate of edged boards is fixed in increments of 30-50 cm.
Sheets of plywood or OSB are nailed onto an additional crate, making a gap of 1-3 mm between them.
A lining carpet is laid on a solid base, on which a soft roof is subsequently laid.

Experienced craftsmen note that the construction of a high-quality, reliable base makes bituminous roofing more durable and resistant to mechanical damage. Therefore, in the process of work, it is necessary to strictly follow the technology and recommendations of manufacturers.

Video instruction

Soft roofing is increasingly being used to decorate roofs in low-rise construction. It is practical, beautiful, modern and reliable. But the durability of its service will depend on whether the installation was carried out correctly. Of considerable importance is the correct crate for a soft roof. How to do it correctly, what requirements should it meet?

Also known as shingles. For the first time in the building materials market, it was introduced about 30 years ago. This elastic material is made on the basis of fiberglass or polyester, which are impregnated with bituminous compounds. The result is a water resistant, durable yet flexible material that is ideal for roof finishing.

The surface of a flexible tile is always covered with a special dressing - fine crumbs obtained during the processing of various minerals. And the bottom layer has a sticky base that allows you to stick the tiles on the roof. Tiles of this type are used in the arrangement of roofs with slope angles of at least 11-12 degrees.

On a note! Flexible shingles are different wide choice shades and colors, sizes. That is why you should not purchase materials made by different manufacturers, even if they are very similar to each other.

Due to its softness, such tiles need a special foundation. It can only be laid on a crate made in a certain way.

Prices for various types and manufacturers of shingles

What is a crate, its types

Lathing is an element necessary for each roof, which is a system of boards and beams on which roofing material is attached. She happens different types, the choice among which is made depending on which roofing material is used. For example, if the roof is covered with slate, then the crate can be sparse, that is, there will be gaps between its elements (a certain step). If soft coatings are installed on the roof, then the crate should be continuous, without gaps. For laying bituminous tiles, it is necessary to use a solid type of crate.

On a note! The crate can have two layers at once - sparse and solid. Due to this, it will be possible to achieve good roof ventilation, lay thermal insulation and improve the quality and reliability of the roof as a whole.

The sparse crate is always laid perpendicular to the roof rafters (parallel to the ridge), the solid one is fixed on top of the mounted sparse one. At the same time, do not forget about laying heat and waterproofing materials.

A high-quality and properly installed crate for a soft roof must meet the following criteria:

be strong;
do not bend under the weight of the roofing material;
remain stable even under the influence of environmental factors;
be even - not have bumps, protrusions, bumps, all sharp elements are removed from it, the heads of nails and self-tapping screws should not protrude above the level of the horizontal surface of the boards;
should not have large gaps between individual elements (maximum step - 1 cm).

On a note! Sometimes a solid crate is laid directly on the rafters, without the use of a sparse crate - the so-called single-layer flooring. This is done to speed up the construction process, usually the option is used only for houses that do not need enhanced insulation and waterproofing.

Materials for the manufacture of crates

The crate for soft tiles can be made from several types of materials. The main requirements for them are strength, reliability, durability and evenness.

Plywood most often used to create crates for soft tiles. This is an environmentally friendly material, multi-layered, sufficiently wear-resistant, inexpensive, easy to use and durable. The main thing is to purchase a moisture-resistant option for the roof - ordinary plywood cannot be used here. The most suitable brand is FSF plywood. It has the qualities necessary to create a crate - fracture strength, ductility, low density, light weight, and is not afraid of the effects of fungus. Such plywood is resistant to moisture, which means it will not rot. In the process of its manufacture, remnants from the processing of coniferous wood are used.

Another good and suitable material for creating crates is OSB board, a somewhat improved version of the chipboard familiar to many. It is characterized by a high level of moisture resistance, dense and durable, not afraid of snow load, very smooth and does not deform under the influence of moisture. It will ensure that there are no height differences and will allow you to make the crate perfectly flat. Installation is quite simple and does not require the use of any special tools.

Lathing for a soft roof can be made of edged or tongue-and-groove softwood board. The material should have a low moisture content - no more than 20%. The width of the boards used should be 140 mm. The main disadvantage is the tendency of the boards to deform, due to moisture they often warp and bulges and cracks form on the surface of the crate.

Important! Before being used in construction, wood must be treated with antiseptic compounds, as well as preparations that increase the fire resistance of the material.

Prices for different types of building boards

Building boards

Rules for the manufacture of crates

The creation of a crate can only be done in compliance with certain rules. Otherwise, the design will not serve for a long time, it will quickly deteriorate. And the manufacturer of soft tiles does not guarantee its material in case of violation of the installation technology.

So, special attention requires determining the value of the angle of inclination of the roof slope. If it is very small and is only 5-10 degrees, then it is necessary to lay soft tiles only on a continuous crate made of plywood, boards. And in general, in this case, this material is not recommended to be used. If the slope angle is equal to a value within 10-15 degrees, then the crate is made of a bar with a section of 45x50 mm, covered with plywood or OSB. The bars are installed in increments of 45 cm. If the angle exceeds 15 degrees, then a bar of the same section is used to create the crate, but mounted in increments of 60 cm.

Attention! When calculating the requirements for the crate, it is important to take into account the climatic features of the region - the load that the roof will experience due to snow cover. The load that will be created due to the roofing material itself is also taken into account.

Table. The dependence of the pitch of the rafters on the thickness of the material used.

Step cm	Plywood thickness, mm	OSB thickness, mm	Board thickness, mm
30	9	9	Not used
60	12	12	20
90	18	18	23
120	21	21	30
150	27	27	37

During the installation of the crate, it is worth remembering the compensation gaps that are left between the elements of the material from which the solid base is created. The gap between sheets of plywood or OSB should be 5-10 mm. In the event of swelling of the material, it will save the roof from curvature, and the roofing material from damage.

plywood prices

Lathing technology. Design features

The basis of any roof is a system of rafters. They are fixed on the Mauerlat - a support that is mounted around the perimeter of the house and will experience the maximum load. Therefore, the Mauerlat must be strong and securely fixed. Fixation is carried out using anchor bolts. If the walls of the house are not built of wood, but of aerated concrete or brick, then it is recommended to additionally fix the anchors with a cement composition.

After installing the Mauerlat, the truss system is created. Rafters can be made of wood, metal and other materials. The easiest way to work with wood, it is easy to fit it to certain dimensions on the spot, and you don’t have to order special equipment to climb up. The rafters are installed in increments, which is determined based on the thickness and width of the materials used for the continuous crate (if it will be laid immediately on them). For example, with a board thickness of 2 cm, the pitch can be 50 cm. The same pitch can be used when laying plywood or OSB with a thickness of 10 cm. If the pitch is too large, the roof base will sag over time under the weight of the roofing material itself.

On a note! If the crate is mounted from a board, then it is important to round its edges in order to avoid uneven surfaces on the surface in the future.

Do not forget that the roof must have ventilation. As it, the gap that is formed between the solid and sparse crate is quite suitable. If the boards are laid on the logs, then it is important to think about how to make the air. Otherwise, condensate will accumulate under the roofing material, which will have a negative impact on all elements included in the roof structure.

Waterproofing too. important aspect which should not be neglected. A material capable of retaining moisture is laid on the rafters and fixed with bars - a counter-lattice is formed (sparse crate).

Thermal insulation is useful if the house is planned to be used as residential throughout the year. In the case of temporary country house, where they will live only in the summer, thermal insulation may not be useful.

The fastening of the materials of the crate is carried out using self-tapping screws. Nails are used less often. However, regardless of which fastener option is used, the caps must in any case be recessed into the base. Otherwise, the coating on top may be damaged. Fasteners are made in increments of at least 15 cm.

Plywood sheets are stacked apart - their joints in parallel rows should not be in the same place. OSB boards are installed in a checkerboard pattern, that is, the expansion of the seams is also necessary. The joints of the longitudinal seams should be located on the bars of the batten (counter battens).

Important! After the work on creating the crate is completed, the lining carpet is laid on a flat base. Only after this is the installation of the most flexible tiles.

Don't forget the drip

A dropper provides protection for cornices and rafters from moisture. Its purpose is to remove moisture from the roof into the drainage system. Thus, this element will protect the wooden parts of the structure from moisture, the onset of rotting processes, the development of mold or fungus.

The dropper is fixed on the edge of the roof in a vertical position. Due to this, water from the roof will flow directly into the drain. As a rule, this element is made of galvanized steel, painted in such a color as to harmonize with the roofing material. It is installed around the entire perimeter of the roof. Fastening is made to the crate.

Creating a crate for soft tiles

Step 1. Taking into account the bearing capacity of the foundation and the shape of the roof, a rafter system is created from a board with a section of 150x50 mm. Elements are installed in increments of 60 cm.

Step 2 From the inside, a vapor barrier membrane is attached to the rafters, which will prevent moisture coming from inside the house from affecting the roofing materials. The vapor barrier roll is rolled out parallel to the eaves, the material is fixed by using a construction stapler to the rafters. The individual strips of material are laid overlapping each other. The overlap is 10-15 cm. The membrane is also overlapped on the walls.

Step 3 Insulation is being installed. Mineral wool, which will be used in this case, has a thickness of 20 cm. This is the best option for the regions of Russia. In general, the thickness of the insulation will vary depending on the climate of the area. The material is laid on top of the vapor barrier membrane. The width of the insulation should be equal to the installation step of the rafters. If the material is laid in several layers, then the vertical seams should be spaced apart.

Attention! From the inside, several support boards to help hold the insulation in place.

Step 4 In increments of 60 cm, a counter beam with a section of 5x5 cm is installed. Another layer of thermal insulation 5 cm thick is laid between the individual bars.

Step 5 A vapor-diffusion membrane is being laid, which will protect the roofing materials from dust and moisture. It is laid on a heater, a roll of material is rolled out parallel to the eaves. Separate strips are laid with an overlap of at least 10 cm. The membrane is also extended 20 cm beyond the contour of the insulated layer of the building. Fixation of the material is carried out using a stapler. The overlaps are additionally glued with adhesive tape.

Step 6 To provide roof ventilation a ventilation chamber is created. To do this, counter-bars with a section of 5x5 cm and a step of 30 cm are installed parallel to the rafters. The bars are fastened in a checkerboard pattern so that there is a free gap of about 5-10 cm between them every 1.5-2 m.

Step 7 Oriented strand board or plywood creates a solid base for shingles. The thickness of the material is at least 9 mm. The plates are laid apart relative to each other, while small gaps remain between them - 4-10 mm. Sheets are laid parallel to the eaves.

Step 8 Fastening is made cornice strips. They are installed on the edge of a solid base. Fixation is carried out with self-tapping screws in increments of 25-30 cm. Individual elements are installed with an overlap on each other. The overlap must be coated with sealant.

After that, the flooring of the lining carpet and the laying of the soft roof are made.

Prices for OSB (Oriented Strand Board)

OSB (Oriented Strand Board)

Video - Creating a base for a soft roof

Sheathing is one of the most important details in a roofing system created using soft tiles. It is not difficult to create a crate, but it is important to remember all the intricacies of installation, otherwise the roofing material will not last long.

Soft roofing is gaining more and more popularity among developers. However, not everyone knows how to properly mount the base under such a coating. The crate under the soft roof has significant differences. For example, you need to take into account the step between the wooden frame elements, as well as the methods of fastening sheet materials. This design is the main part of the roofing cake. It is designed to attach the cover to various roof elements. Technologically, such a crate is a series of boards nailed to the building system.

Selection of materials

Soft roofing can quickly deform. To prevent such situations, the crate should have the most even surface. It is better to exclude all depressions and irregularities. The following materials are ideal for formwork:

solid board;
plywood;

Roofing plywood is made from softwood veneer. It has good moisture resistance and sufficiently high strength. It is supplied to the market already treated with various impregnations, which exclude rotting and ignition of building elements. Due to the flat surface, these boards are ideal for shingles and roofing felt. Plywood is laid quite easily and quickly.

OSB boards are products made from large chips. Synthetic resin is placed in them as a binding element. The price of such material is lower than moisture resistant plywood.

Less suitable for lathing under a soft roof edged boards. The installation of a structure that is knocked together from such a material requires the implementation of certain rules. This is due to the fact that during operation, the boards can be deformed under the influence of moisture. The fastening of such elements in comparison with plywood is also difficult.

Fundamental rules

When making a frame for a soft roof, the following rules must be observed:

with a roof slope angle of 5-10 degrees, it is necessary to make it a continuous flooring of boards or plywood;
if the roof slope is 10-15 degrees, it is better to use 45x50 mm bars and plywood;
with a slope of more than 15 degrees, the construction of the crate is made of bars 15x50 mm, in increments of 60 cm;
in the places where the ridge and valley are attached, it is necessary to install an additional beam.

To make the formwork as smooth as possible, you should pay attention to calibrated boards. They allow you to create ideal conditions for installation of soft tiles. If the thickness of the formwork elements is different, the coating may be damaged. Also, the frame can turn out to be stepped.

Advice! With this type of lathing, the service life of a soft roof is significantly reduced. For this reason, it is better to choose only high-quality materials for installation, and adjust the joints as carefully as possible.

Boards should be chosen from coniferous trees. Such products have low cost and excellent performance characteristics.

Formwork should be carried out with a step of no more than 100 mm. Elements stuffed with solid material must meet certain moisture levels - no more than 2%. The strength of the frame must be appropriate to the loads received from:

roofing material;
snow.

Depending on such factors, it is necessary to calculate the desired characteristics of the roof structure. For example, with a rafter pitch of 50 cm, it is better to choose boards of 20 mm for formwork. If the rafter pitch is 120 cm, it is worth using bars no thinner than 30 mm or plywood 20 mm thick.

Features of the construction of rafters

If the Mauerlat is installed correctly, the installation of rafters that are prepared according to the template, even in the case of figured roofs, will be quite simple. Under flexible tiles, it is better to perform a double crate. It is also worth taking care that there is a smooth base. Other features of the rafters:

humidity of wooden elements - no more than 20%;
when calculating the distance between the rafter legs, the thickness of the plywood should be taken into account;
if the pitch is 100 cm, OSB must be at least 20 mm, and the bars must not be thinner than 25 mm.

It is also necessary to understand that the timber supports the boards or plywood in an optimal position. If you make too much step of the crate under the soft roof, the panels (OSB, plywood) will begin to bend. The roof can be made quickly enough, subject to the choice of installation technology in accordance with the coating material.

solid frame

How to make a crate for a soft roof of plywood or OSB? Fastening of sheet material is carried out on self-tapping screws. Spiral nails can also be used. OSB can be mounted on ring nails 4.5-7.5 cm long. The step between the fasteners should not be more than 30 cm. The nail heads must be sunk into the thickness of the material. Otherwise, they may damage the roofing.

When installing sheet material, it is worth remembering that gaps of 2 mm must be left between the panels. In the case of OSB boards, this figure rises to 3 mm. This measure is due to the ability of materials to swell with increasing humidity. If the sheets are folded close together, the coating may warp.

When plywood or OSB is laid, it is worth considering that the sheets must be mounted on at least 3 supports. They are joined only on wooden elements. The nailing step should be 30 cm.

Plywood is attached to the ridge with the long side. In this case, each element must be shifted by ½ length relative to the others.

plank frame

The plank frame for soft roofing should be characterized by maximum evenness. Such a requirement can be achieved only if the elements are carefully selected in thickness. The elements are attached to galvanized nails. They are hammered near each edge at the place where the rafters intersect. To prevent warping of the roof, you must follow these rules:

The distance between the boards should be at least 3 mm.
During the layout of the bars, it is worth looking at the annual rings on the cut. Installation is always carried out rounded up.
The plank frame is carried out from the overhang to the ridge.

The device of the lathing under the soft roof is quite simple. To do this, you should decide on the materials, calculate the distance between the boards of the primary formwork, and also take into account the load on the roof. Only when such indicators are taken into account can correct installation roofs.

Sergey Novozhilov - expert in roofing materials with 9 years of experience practical work in the field of engineering solutions in construction.