How to choose a bituminous sealant. Roof Sealants

For roof repairs there are different ways. Often this does not require replacement of the installed roof deck. Most often, the cause of roof defects are gaps and cracks formed during operation that allow water to pass through. To eliminate them, special sealing compounds are used.

The roofing sealing compound is made on the basis of bitumen, which, as you know, does not dissolve in water and is distinguished by its water-repellent qualities. That is why bituminous roofing sealant is one of the most popular. As a rule, it is black, but it is possible to add a pigment to it, for example, aluminum, which also contributes to the durability of the resulting layer.

What is a bituminous roofing sealant

This sealing paste is based on a bitumen binder, which has been modified by the addition of a load-neutral filler, using modern technologies. Bituminous roofing sealant is different:

excellent guaranteed adhesion to all kinds of roofing materials and types of surfaces;
relatively high setting speed;
resistance to ultraviolet radiation, thixotropy prevents the formation of cracks during drying;
biological stability - even under conditions high humidity bitumen paste is not subject to organogenic destruction, fungal mold or microorganisms are not formed;
the layer formed after sealing cracks and gaps is strong, but at the same time quite elastic, has a long service life of about 15–20 years;
prevents corrosion of metal structures and fasteners;
before processing does not need to dry the surface;
has chemically neutral subspecies, resistant to oils, gasoline, solvents and other things.

However, materials of this type are poorly adapted to high temperatures.

The compound can also be used in works such as sealing, sealing, filling cracks with a foundation, plinth, drainage system and others.

Varieties of roofing sealant

bituminous rubber

Bituminous rubber sealant, Titanium, for example, can also be used to seal joints on roofing. Unlike it, roofing ridges and elements of drainage systems and other junctions. Based on rubber, it has elasticity, is not susceptible to mold, has an equally good degree of adhesion to dry and wet surfaces.

This type of compound consists of bitumen, resin, artificial fibers and rubber, and an organic solvent. The material is used in the temperature range from minus 20°С to plus 70°С. According to the method of hardening, like all bitumen, it belongs to the category of physical drying, that is, it hardens when the solvent evaporates. Depending on the thickness of the applied seam, this process is finally completed within 12-114 days with a dry residue of 85-87%.

One of the most famous is Titanium, which is based on bitumen and rubber. It is distinguished by a high degree of reliability, due to increased adhesion to surfaces made of aluminum, metal tiles, roofing iron with a wet or dried surface. It is quite viscous and does not drain, has high performance weather resistance. Main area of use:

Bituminous polymer

These are one-component materials from petroleum bitumen, which have acquired new qualities due to the addition of polymers and mineral components to the composition. TechnoNIKOL bituminous polymer sealant, for example, is used to repair roofs covered with sheet or roll material. Lagging edges are glued to them, cavities and joints are sealed, and thereby quickly eliminate leaks resulting from mechanical damage. roofing.

bituminous polymer sealant TechnoNIKOL: main technical characteristics

Unlike bituminous, the curing speed for them depends on the level of atmospheric humidity. TechnoNIKOL material with inclusion in the composition of polymers differs in the method of application - it is applied hot, as it softens at 160 ° C. This is a full guarantee of the durability of the sealing, even in conditions of constant humidity. This treatment also prevents the occurrence of fungi, etc.

One of the largest manufacturers roofing materials on the territory of Russia is considered the firm "TechnoNIKOL". The specialists of the company have created a completely the new kind shingles(Shinglas). TechnoNIKOL soft roofing is in demand in the low-rise construction market. The high quality of the products is evidenced by the quality certificate, namely ISO 9001.

Currently, the construction market offers 4 main types of roofing sealants.

This sealant has a number of characteristic features:

Among the shortcomings, one can single out poor resistance to high temperatures and the base color of the material is black.

Important! Due to the high level of toxicity, bituminous sealant cannot be used indoors.

rubber or silicone

This type of sealant is far from the last in the list of the highest quality:

Tape

Tape sealant is one of the most profitable and effective options for roofing:

The basis of such material is butyl rubber.
Sealant tapes perfectly resist low temperatures and ultraviolet;
Easy to install, thanks to high adhesiveness: just put the tape on the surface and press it down.
Tape sealants are used for sealing between roofing sheets, chimney and roofing, fixing heat insulators, repairing cracks and rusty coatings.

polyurethane

This sealant gives more opportunities due to its qualities:

Important! Not only is polyurethane sealant the best among other types today, it is also versatile: it can work with metal structures, wooden and tiled roofs.

For different types For roofing, there are appropriate sealants that, due to their advantages and disadvantages, can be ideally suited for one type of roof, and for another, their effectiveness will be zero - and vice versa.

For metal roofing

There are a number of requirements for sealants for metal roofing:

high elasticity;
excellent adhesion to roofing materials;
increased resistance to vibrations;
low water absorption;
weather resistance.

Bituminous and polyurethane sealants do an excellent job with these tasks. To seal the seams of a metal rabbit, the surface must first be degreased and the surface cleaned, dried, and only then applied sealant.

Silicone sealants should not be used on metal roofs, they cause rust.

For corrugated roofing

The properties of corrugated board resemble metal tiles: their sealing is similar: it is carried out with a roof slope of up to 14 degrees, while protecting the horizontal and vertical joints of the profiled sheets.

Sealing the joints of corrugated board is carried out according to the rules:

when choosing a sealant, you should pay attention to polyurethane, acrylic and silicone samples - they give the best results, being excellent waterproofing agents;
before sealing, check the joints - they must be dry and clean;
the sealant is applied in an even layer of several millimeters, most conveniently - extruded or in the form of a polyurethane tape;
it processes joints, bolt attachment points and other unreliable parts of the structure;
the sealing process lasts 1-2 days and depends on the temperature and humidity of the air.

After drying, the sealant becomes a durable rubber material that protects joints and joints from moisture.

Important! Sealing with the valley is carried out with a special profiled seal. Roofing sealant is used to process the seams of the overlays of roofing exits and the junction of the flooring itself to vertical walls.

For metal roofing

With its similarity to corrugated roofing, metal tiles have sealing features:

for a gap up to 5 mm is used silicone sealant or - temporary measure - aluminum butyl tapes;
as a sealant option - professional gaskets that repeat the geometry of the flooring;
for a more reliable result, use ultraviolet-resistant silicone;
the joints of the roofing carpet, exits (ventilation, antenna), the edge of the chimney apron, its joint with the roofing sheets are treated with sealant;
with a roof slope of up to 14 degrees, the longitudinal and transverse joints of metal tile sheets are sealed.

Sealant for soft roof

Soft roofing is one of the most popular types of roofing today. Its sealing goes like this:

for flat roof use liquid rubber - bitumen-polymer emulsion or mastic;
for spot repairs, one-component liquid rubber is ideal - vapor and waterproof, elastic sealant;
coating rubber is suitable for repairing sealing and waterproofing joints and seams;
mastic for sealing can be applied to the surface of any humidity, has excellent adhesion to all materials and does not form swelling during operation.

Roof sealant "Titan"

Titanium is a one-component plastic sealant based on bituminous rubber. It has a high degree of adhesion to wet and dry surfaces: aluminum, bituminous, metal tiles, roofing iron. Does not run off walls and is highly weather resistant.

This sealant is used for:

sealing and updating seams and openings of all roofing surfaces;
sealing leaks on the roof of bitumen, tiles, sheet and corrugated iron;
strengthening fasteners skylights and parts of the drain.

Two-component roofing sealant

The basis of the two-component sealant is silicone rubber. It differs from the previous vulcanization time and properties:

made in mastic, in vacuum;
easy to apply;
application temperature - from -20°С to +40°С;
operating temperature – from -60°С to +70°С.
has excellent adhesion to wood, metal, brick, pvc, concrete;
the seam is strong and uniform.

Prices for roofing sealants

The price of a sealant varies depending on its characteristics and manufacturer. A 300 mm pack of sealant will cost on average:

bituminous - from 196 rubles;
polyurethane - from 155 rubles;
silicone - from 160 rubles;
tape - from 135 rubles.

Video

From this video you will learn how to choose the right sealant for various types of roofing. A roofing expert speaks.

Roof sealing - the most important aspect construction and operation of premises for any purpose. high quality sealant and correct installation provide durable and comfortable use of the roof.

Roof sealing is one of the milestones in construction. Laying a high-quality coating is not enough - it is also necessary to isolate all vulnerable areas from moisture. For this, special roofing sealants are designed - their wide choose will help to qualitatively process any roof, ensuring its strength, moisture resistance and maintainability. Sealing layers are applied both directly to the joints and seams of the coating, and under the roof itself.

Sealants are used both during the construction process and during planned and urgent repair work. This:

elimination of seams between sheets (or other elements) of roofing, especially on roofs with a slight slope;
sealing joints between roofing and other materials;
elimination of cracks in the area of chimneys, drains, ventilation shafts, antennas and other elements that violate the integrity;
processing of inclined skates;
insulation of cold bridges;
quick repair leaks.

Manufacturers offer six main types of roofing sealants. Let's consider each of them in detail.

Ambulance roof

Sealing tapes - easy to use

Tape sealant is one of the cheapest and most effective roof protection solutions. Its main advantages:

good resistance to low temperatures and sunshine;
ease of application;
convenient and fast replacement;
thick and sealed bituminous layer;
high mechanical strength;
durability.

Sealing joints on slate

The tape is widely used as patches in the repair of bituminous roofing, for insulating adjoining, sealing vapor barrier films, repairing seam metal roofs and drainage systems.

Roof sealing tape as a waterproofing is well suited for people without building experience, it is applied to the seams and joints like construction tape.

Bituminous sealant is the best choice for metal roofing

Bituminous sealant is mainly used for sealing metal roofing (corrugated board, metal tiles and other varieties), tiles and roofing material. Among the shortcomings, high toxicity and slight resistance to high temperatures can be noted, but it also has a number of advantages:

the possibility of coloring the color of the roofing;
excellent moisture resistance;
high strength and durability;
elasticity;
high-quality coupling with both wet and dry surfaces;
nice price.

Rubber and silicone sealants and their properties

Professional roof treatment

Silicone mixes are sold both in standard gun packs and in buckets for use with an advanced spray gun or builder's roller. This type of sealant is one of the most common and affordable on the market.

The main arguments in favor of the choice:

multifunctionality;
resistance to temperature fluctuations and sunlight;
fast freezing;
suitable for temporary and long-term isolation.

Silicone compounds are divided into acetic (acetate) and neutral. The latter are significantly inferior in terms of strength, but are less toxic and do not have bad smell.

Tubes with silicone compounds

Acrylic compounds for sealing the roof

Acrylic mixtures are similar in properties to high quality silicone, but have more affordable prices and require ideal dryness of the treated surface.

Advantages:

there are no solvents in the composition;
has no smell;
available on the market in a wide range of color scheme;
excellent adhesion to porous coatings.

Classic acrylic-based sealants are not the best waterproofing, because they are based on a soluble water dispersion. If, nevertheless, you chose them, then you additionally need to use tape to seal the seams and joints of the coating.

Polyurethane mixtures - simple and fast

Application of the polyurethane mixture is easy

The polyurethane composition is based on a resin polymerized under special conditions. The result is a viscous and viscous mixture that is easily applied to any surface. This type of sealant is the most toxic and the most expensive, but the cost is more than offset by the high quality and effectiveness. Its advantages:

work at the lowest temperatures;
increased resistance to mechanical stress, moisture, corrosion;
fast freezing;
ease of application;
efficiency;
durability.

Polyurethane roofing sealant is compatible with any material, it creates an ideal waterproofing with high reliability.

Two-component compositions for roof insulation

As part of a two-component mixture, the main material is silicone rubber. It consists of an adhesive paste and a special hardener. Before direct use, the product can be stored for a very long time, but after mixing, the two-component composition should be applied for a certain time - the mixture will begin to polymerize.

Before using a two-component sealant, you need to mix its components

The main advantages of a two-component composition:

ease of application;
the range of possible temperatures for application is wide - from -25°С to +40°С;
the temperature range at which the sealant is able to maintain its properties is even wider - from -70 ° C to +70 degrees;
excellent adhesion to basic materials - metal, brick, PVC, wood, concrete;
strong and smooth seam.

Using mastic to seal the roof

In addition to the above sealants, mastic can be used to treat the roof. Mastics are viscous plastic masses obtained by mixing binders with finely dispersed fillers (soot, talc, graphite, and others) and special additives.

Roof waterproofing with bituminous mastic

By mixing the components (various resins and plasticizers, rubber), mastics of various characteristics are obtained.

For waterproofing, bituminous mastic is most often used, but its expensive polymer counterpart is also used (it is distinguished by increased elasticity and adhesion). It is chosen for the installation of roofing roll materials(soft roof). All types of mastics must be applied to surfaces thoroughly cleaned of dust and dirt.

Choosing the Right Sealant for Different Coatings

Varieties of sealants due to their distinctive features may be ideal for a certain type of roof and at the same time be completely unsuitable for another. To decide which roofing sealant is best suited for the required coverage, consider the most popular of them.

How to protect a metal roof of different types from moisture

Sealant for metal roofing must meet a number of requirements:

increased elasticity;
precipitation resistance;
strong adhesion to metal;
enhanced vibration resistance.

The above criteria are most consistent with polyurethane compounds bitumen-rubber sealants that retain plasticity throughout the entire period of operation. Before processing the seams of a metal roof, the surface must be degreased and dried. If urgent isolation is required, products with the ability to be applied to wet materials should be selected.

Attention! For a roof made of roofing iron, the use of silicone insulation is contraindicated - it causes rust.

In terms of its requirements and properties, corrugated board is in many ways reminiscent of metal tiles, so their sealing is carried out in a similar way. The maximum allowable roof pitch is 14 degrees. Special attention is given to the processing of transverse joints of profile sheets. Sealants based on polyurethane and silicone are best suited for such roofing due to their waterproofing properties.

For proper sealing of corrugated roofing, the following conditions must be met:

Before carrying out the procedure, carefully check the joints - they must be dry and clean.
Apply corrugated roof sealant in an even layer of 2-3 mm. It is convenient to use polyurethane tape.
Sealing should be carried out in dryness and at a positive air temperature.

Installation of metal tiles with waterproofing

When choosing a sealant for a metal roof, given the general similarity with a corrugated board coating, the following sealing features should be considered:

for gaps up to five millimeters, silicone sealant is used;
for the best result, it is necessary to use silicone with increased resistance to ultraviolet rays;
the mixture is used to process all joints of the roofing carpet (longitudinal and transverse), ventilation outlet, antenna outlet, as well as the edges of the chimney apron and its joints with the coating sheets.

Materials for soft roofing

Soft roofing (flexible tiles) has always been one of the most popular types of coverage. For global sealing, mastic is most often used. In other cases, you need to consider:

for flat roof choose liquid rubber - bituminous emulsion or mastic;
local repair of leaks involves the use of one-component liquid rubber, a waterproof elastic composition is also suitable;
for the elimination of seams and joints, sealing tapes for roofing are ideal;
sealing mastic applies without problems even on wet surfaces, boasts excellent adhesion to most common materials and does not form blistering over time.

Sealing the roof surface before application soft roof

Manufacturers and average cost of roofing sealants

Prices for sealants may vary depending on their characteristics, manufacturers and region of sale. On average, you will have to pay for the package:

bituminous sealant - from 90;
polyurethane sealant - from 160;
acrylic sealant - from 100;
silicone sealant - from 85;
tape sealant - from 140;
two-component sealant - from 130 rubles.

Naturally, large packages and wholesale lots are always cheaper than small packages.

The most demanded products on the market under the brands:

Soudal;
Makroflex;
Tytan;
LIQUID NAILS.

When choosing a suitable roofing sealant, you need to carefully examine the packaging. It is important to pay attention to the setting speed, the possibility of hardening in a humid environment, compatibility with the roofing material, weather resistance, the possibility of staining.

The ability to choose the right material for insulation and compliance with all technologies will ensure the required protection of the roof. To do most of the work with your own hands, minimal experience and knowledge is enough, but if in doubt, it is recommended to contact professionals who will tell you which sealant is best suited for your coating and carry out its waterproofing with high quality.

The compound, known as bituminous sealant, is made from bitumen, which has excellent water repellency. It is thanks to this quality that this material is widely used for sealing roofs with a 100% quality guarantee. Products have a natural black color, but in some cases pigments are added there, for example, aluminum powder, which silvers the substance and increases its service life.

Bituminous roofing sealant is a one-component material based on modified bitumen. The binder of the compound is bitumen, but since it is modified by chemical additives, such a composition is more resistant to natural atmospheric loads. Remove the agent from the surface using petroleum solvents, such as white spirit.

Roof sealants

Bitumen-rubber sealants for roofing

For sealing joints during the installation of a soft roof (roofing material, tiles, etc.), materials with increased plasticity are required, which with full confidence include roofing sealant "TITAN", "OREOL-1" or PENOSIL. Thanks to rubber additives, the substance has not only increased elasticity, but also excellent adhesion to surfaces with varying degrees of humidity, for example, after rain.

Paste "TITAN" or PENOSIL, like any other compound of this type, consists of bitumen, rubber, artificial fibers and an organic solvent. Such a composition is designed for operation at a constant air temperature from -20ᵒC to +70ᵒC. If the air temperature in your area often drops below -20ᵒC, then it is better to use other materials for sealing joints.

Using sealant to seal gaps

The curing of bitumen-rubber sealant occurs according to the principle of physical drying, like bitumen, the material gains the desired hardness after evaporation of the organic solvent. The thickness of the layer during embedding can vary greatly, so manufacturers determine the estimated completion time in 12-114 days with a dry residue of 85-87%.

Sealants of this type are used both during the installation of roofing material, and some time after it, as well as for minor repairs (sealing cracks or replacing coating areas). Please note that such compounds are not used for rigid joints such as skates, gutters, roof breaks, and so on.

Bitumen-polymer sealants and their features

TechnoNikol No. 42 - bitumen-polymer compound for roofing

Most often, for sealing defects on roofs, in particular roofing materials, reinforced concrete floors and junctions, bitumen-polymer sealants of the TechnoNikol No. 42 type are used. This is a one-component material that has acquired completely new positive qualities due to the addition of polymers and mineral components to the oil product.

Main technical characteristics for TechnoNikol No. 42

If bitumen-rubber sealant can be used in wet weather, that is, to seal wet surfaces, then an identical material with polymer additives needs to be free of moisture. In addition, TechnoNIKOL and other similar products are applied hot - softening here occurs at a temperature not lower than 160ᵒC. This technique provides powerful adhesion, which serves as a 100% guarantee of sealing the treated area.

Bitumen polymer primer AT140

In addition to materials that require heating, there are also polymeric primers for cold application. Horizontal and vertical seams, small cracks are treated with such mastics, ruberoid is placed on them, and an autonomous waterproofing coating is also made. But, nevertheless, in most cases, products of this type are used to seal joints (cracks).

The list of positive qualities of bituminous compounds

Bitumen-rubber mastic for roofing "TITAN"

All bitumen-rubber pastes, for example, the TITAN roofing sealant, which you see in the top photo, are different:

guaranteed adhesion with all kinds of roofing materials and rough bases different type;
setting speed, which has the same sealant for the roof "TITAN". This process is much faster compared to conventional bitumen;
resistance to ultraviolet radiation;
thixotropy - it prevents the formation of cracks during the drying of the pasty mass;
biological stability - when wet, fungal mold does not form and organogenic destruction does not occur;
diversity - grades are produced that are resistant to the effects of petroleum products and chemical solvents;
long service life - up to 15-20 years.

Attention! Rubber-based bituminous roofing sealant is not suitable for high temperatures and resistance to open fire. The hottest environment in which this compound will retain its useful physical properties, this is a natural heating of air and roofing material from sunlight.

The use of bitumen-based sealants in roofing work

There are two ways to apply bituminous sealants to the roof - cold and hot. Since the latter requires special equipment in the form of burners, it gradually becomes obsolete. Modern statistics indicate that most construction organizations prefer cold sealing of the roof.

Waterproofing tapes and gels - fixing leaks

The use of bituminous self-adhesive waterproofing tapes is very convenient when sealing joints of roofing materials, cracks and holes (from fasteners or breaks). But with this method of waterproofing, a clean and dry surface is needed. This means that before mounting the tape, the treated area is wiped with a brush or napkin, and if necessary, even washed with petroleum or chemical solvents - this provides the conditions for adhesion.

Using self-adhesive waterproofing tape

In large areas, for example, at the joint of roofing sheets, as in the photo above, it is best to glue the tape with two people so that it describes the surface relief. For the tightest connection to the roofing material, a narrow roller should be used - the tape simply rolls over the surface and no air bubbles remain under it.

Unlike bituminous self-adhesive tapes, compounds such as "TITAN" can be used in any weather, that is, water is not an obstacle to sealing damage. But here it is necessary to take into account the fact that very good adhesion of the material can develop into cohesion. Typically, this can happen on surfaces where there is a lot of rust or flaking paintwork.

Compound "TITAN" can be used even under water

In addition to roofing materials, elastic sealants are used to repair damage to ventilation pipes and chimneys. Often these communications are hard-to-reach places(joints and turns) which can be reached with the help of the tube (cartridge) spout installed in the gun.

Using mastics for major repairs

For large areas or a complete roof repair, tape or gel is indispensable - it will be too expensive and inconvenient. In such situations, cold-applied bituminous mastics can be used to seal the roof, allowing large areas to be covered. Most of them can be spread on both dry and wet surfaces, but, nevertheless, in any case, it is necessary to remove dirt, debris and the old coating that has lagged behind the base.

After cleaning the roof, the mastic is applied with a spatula and / or brush and carefully spread over the surface in an even layer. The area to be treated should not be very large, as it has yet to be sealed with fiberglass.

Sealing waterproofing with fiberglass

After applying the first layer, fiberglass is immediately covered over it for sealing, which is then pressed to the surface with your hands or with a wide spatula (depending on the roof topography). After that, another layer of mastic is applied over the fiberglass and as a result (after drying) a sealed roof is obtained that is resistant to precipitation and temperature changes. This method can also repair minor damage.

Hot method of applying roof sealing

Melting resin over an open fire

At home, they still continue to use the hot method of applying bitumen - ordinary resin is chopped into pieces and melted in a bucket over a fire. In the process of melting (sometimes upon completion), a solarium or kerosene is added to the liquid mass at the rate of 0.5-0.7 liters per bucket to give the substance a hiding power. The method of applying the melted substance is identical to applying the mastic, but the quality of the waterproofing coating, of course, is worse.

Bituminous tape is also applied using the hot method - it is heated directly at the place of application, that is, on the roof. The top photo shows how they close up a hole in the slate - a part of the wave is knocked out there and the width of the hole is at least 10 cm. But if, when sealing with ordinary bitumen or mastic, you have to substitute a piece of slate, then this will not be required for the tape:

Heat the sheet around the hole on one side, as well as the edge of the tape so that it can be glued to the surface.
Heat the TechnoNikol canvas and, with a slight stretch, close the broken place with it

Waterproofing turns out to be one hundred percent, in addition, the patch made will not critically react to temperature changes.

However, the hot method requires a torch, which is very inconvenient when working on roofs, especially those with sloping surfaces. Therefore, even at home, more and more often, rubber sealant is used for roofing, which does not require heating. But be that as it may, all bituminous sealants with modifying additives are quite elastic and freely tolerate temperature deformation of the joints.

Video: using bituminous sealant

For a high-quality roof installation, the correct laying of the roofing is not enough - you need to take care of the strong insulation of the most problem areas(areas of location of additional parts, joints, etc.) from precipitation. Roofing sealant is used for this type of work. The name is translated into Russian as “dry”, “inaccessible to air”, “tightly”.

Material characteristic

The sealant is a special substance of viscous, pasty and fluid consistency, made on the basis of organosilicon and polysulfide liquid rubbers, polymers. It is used to ensure the impermeability of various joints and joints. The substance is applied to bolts, rivets, and other connections.

sealant- material of new generation. Its distinctive qualities are strength, reliability, elasticity. Important advantages of this substance are its moisture and air impermeability. The choice of a specific sealant depends on the type of surface for which it will be used.

The substance retains its physical properties in a fairly wide temperature range: from minus 55 to plus 80 degrees.

Types of sealants

Depending on the basis, all sealants are divided into four main types:

silicone;
bituminous;
acrylic;
polyurethane.

silicone or rubber

The sealant type is the most common. The basis of the material is silicone rubber. Sold in 310 ml tubes. It is multifunctional: it is often used in everyday life for joints, movable external seams, when assembling panels, frames, verandas, when working with ceramics, wood and glass.

The high degree of resistance to sudden temperature fluctuations and ultraviolet radiation makes it very popular in roofing work.

Silicone sealants, in turn, are divided into subspecies: acetic (acetate) and neutral.

A distinctive feature of acetic sealant is a significantly higher level of strength compared to neutral.

It is suitable for use on smooth surfaces, such as when working with glass. The main disadvantage of acid sealant is the presence of a sharp pungent odor, which, however, quickly disappears after complete drying.

Neutral sealants completely odorless and less toxic. They are used for work in the bathroom, in the kitchen, and other rooms. The distinctive qualities of this subspecies are excellent adhesion to wood, glass, ceramic surfaces, enamel, porcelain, etc.

bituminous sealant

Used for metal roofing.

The material is developed on the basis of modified bitumen, to which aluminum pigment is added. It is a fluid mass with a beautiful aluminum tint.

Among its advantages can be called super-resistance, elasticity, durability. The material is easily painted and is not subject to aging. It has a high level of water resistance and excellent adhesion to both dry and wet surfaces.

This type of sealant is used to seal various voids, cracks and seams that form in a metal roof. They can strengthen roofing ridges, chimneys, gutters, ventilation and any other metal surfaces.

Since the material is very toxic, it can only be used when working on the outside of the building.

There are several types of bituminous roofing sealant, which are resistant not only to snow, rain, sunlight, but also to solvents, various oils, gasoline and many other chemicals.

Sealants of this type are in most cases used to level cracks, fill joints and seams in structures, smooth joints in windows, walls, floors. Their use is advisable at those points where there is a risk of displacement of the connected structures or parts under the influence of temperature fluctuations, mechanical loads, humidity, shrinkage, wind, vibration and sound.

Modern acrylic sealants produced on the basis of siliconized modified additives. By their properties, they are identical to high quality silicone, but at a price more affordable.

Sealants of this type have excellent adhesion to brick, concrete, tiles, fiberboard, PVC, painted, varnished surfaces, porous substrates. They are resistant to temperature fluctuations, ultraviolet radiation, can withstand heat, cold, excessive dryness and high humidity.

Acrylic sealants retain their qualities in the temperature range from minus 40 to plus 80 degrees, perfectly withstand mechanical stress.

This substance does not deteriorate under the influence of moisture: its water absorption is 0.5%. The material can be successfully used in conditions of high humidity. Thanks to antifungal additives, the sealant protects surfaces from the development of mold and mildew.

Transparent sealant based on acrylic appearance does not differ from silicone. It gives a perfectly transparent sealed seam, suitable for both indoor and outdoor work. They can be used to seal siding, ventilation openings, etc.

Polyurethane sealant produced on the basis of resin polymerized under special conditions. It is an elastic viscous homogeneous mass, which is easily applied to any surface. This is the most durable and reliable material used for sealing. Although it is more expensive than other types, it fully pays for the costs due to its quality characteristics and high degree of efficiency.

Polyurethane sealant can be worked at fairly low temperatures. During repairs, they close up interpanel seams, insulate double-glazed windows, pools, and winter gardens. A high degree of resistance to temperature fluctuations and high humidity allows the use of this substance in roofing work.

There are several types of polyurethane sealants.:

sealing - designed for dry surfaces;

waterproofing - for use in conditions of high levels of humidity, as well as for surfaces in direct contact with water.

The product is easy to apply and hardens quickly. It is very economical to use as it requires a small amount of sealant to work.

The substance retains its quality characteristics over a long period of time, does not exfoliate and is not subject to destruction.

Polyurethane sealant is used to treat surfaces that need to be protected from moisture, ultraviolet radiation, and the growth of microorganisms. The use of this material in the implementation of roofing allows you to provide elevated level strength of the constructed structure.

Polyurethane sealant comes in different degrees of hardness. When working on the device of the roof, sealing the roofing, processing joints of metal, wood, concrete, polyvinyl chloride surfaces with building structures a substance with a hardness level of PU 15 is used. Surfaces made of reinforced concrete, concrete, glass and metal are treated with a sealant of hardness PU 40. For metal structures, material PU 50 is used.

Polyurethane sealant is resistant to mechanical stress, moisture, chemical compounds (acids, gasoline, oils), does not corrode, sets and dries very quickly, and can be easily painted.

It is used to connect tiles, metal structures, details of a wooden roof.

Work with this material can be carried out even in winter, but it is better to refrain from using it in sunny weather: the substance deteriorates from the sun.

Advantages and disadvantages of different sealants

Each type of sealant has its own characteristics. For right choice you need to know their pros and cons.

Sealants on silicone

Advantages:

resistant to precipitation, exposure to ultraviolet radiation;
have a high resistance to the development of mold and fungi;
have a high level of adhesion to most building materials;
a wide range of colors are available.

Flaws:

cannot be used on a wet surface;
cannot be used when working with plastic (polycarbonate, polypropylene, fluoroplast, polyethylene);
incompatible with simple dyes.

Bituminous sealants

Advantages:

have a high level of resistance to low temperatures;
can be used when working with any materials;
used on both dry and wet surfaces;
affordable.

Flaws:

unstable to high temperatures;
Available in only one color - black.

Acrylic sealants

Advantages:

possess superadhesion to porous surfaces;
do not contain solvents;
have no smell;
presented in the widest range of colors;
have a moisture-resistant variety that can be used for roof sealing work;
can be painted or varnished after curing.

Flaws:

the surface to be treated must be perfectly dry before starting work;
in the cold season at low temperatures, some difficulties may arise.

Polyurethane sealants

Advantages:

have excellent adhesion to any building materials;
resistant to corrosion;
do not deteriorate under the influence of ultraviolet radiation;
not subject to destruction under the influence of acids, alkalis, salts;
grasp quickly;
do not flow down the surface;
retain volume;
are easily dyed.

Flaws:

the content of harmful substances (not very significant, since the sealant is used for outdoor work);
high price (due to the quality of the material, it is quite justified and quickly pays off).

Features of working with sealant

Work on sealing joints, junctions, deformed seams using different types of sealants should be carried out according to certain rules.

First you need to prepare the surface.

To do this, they must be cleaned of dust, dirt, residues of the solution or the old layer of sealant.

When working in winter time the surface is cleared of snow, frost and frost. This can be done with an electric brush and manually. To obtain an even seam, you can stick a special tape on the outer edges of the surface, which is removed after completion of work.

If you need a very high-quality adhesion (adhesion) of the sealant to the joint surface, it is necessary to prime the inner edges of the joint using a primer. During surface preparation, the surface cleanliness can be considered satisfactory if the applied test portion of the sealant adheres to the surface to be treated. It should not curl under the spatula.

Very often, when carrying out work on sealing the roof, it becomes necessary to create an elastic base on which the mastic will be applied.

The sealant should be applied to the mouths of the joints of the sealed surfaces, while sealing anti-adhesion gaskets are used. They provide additional thermal insulation and reduce the amount of material consumed in the seam.

With a significant depth of the seams, such gaskets act as depth limiters and allow you to create seams of the required depth and width, which allows you to use much less material. In most cases, polyethylene and polyurethane foam bundles are used as gaskets.

The gasket installed at the mouth of the joints is certainly compressed by 20–30% of the initial diameter. For this reason, it is recommended to buy gaskets of different diameters, taking into account the possible variation in the width of the joint gaps during the installation of prefabricated parts.

Sealing gaskets are placed in a continuous line, without gaps (breaks).

In order not to damage the surface of the gasket, it must be wound without effort, using a rounded wooden spatula.

The connection of the gaskets is made along the length of the mustache. To do this, use adhesive fabric or polyethylene insulating tape, while the connection point must be at least 30 cm from the point of intersection of the vertical and horizontal joints. Before installing the gaskets, the mouth must be thoroughly cleaned.

Working with sealant has its own characteristics in terms of proper preparation the material itself.

One-component sealants are produced ready for use.

As for two-component mastics, their ingredients - the main mass and the hardener - must be mixed, while strictly observing the ratios of weight proportions and the sequence indicated in the instructions.

Before starting the preparation of the substance, it is necessary to make sure that the delivery set corresponds to that specified in the instructions. Both components are combined - they are packaged in the required ratio and are ready for mixing. The container for the main component serves as a mixing dish.

The quality characteristics of the sealant, which will appear during operation, depend on the quality of the ingredients.

Mixing of components can be done using a special electric tool. At the same time, care must be taken to ensure that the hardener does not splatter.

When using a drill, choose a model with adjustable speed and a helical agitator. Its power should be 0.6-0.8 kW. Standard packaging is mixed in about 15 minutes.

The finished mass should have a uniform structure and uniform color, it should not contain visible inclusions. To achieve a similar state of the substance, stirring is carried out in the direction from the center and edges, then back, then from the bottom up and vice versa.

It must be remembered that the viscosity of the sealant increases under the influence of low temperatures, so it is better to store and mix the components in a heated room.

The sealant must not be diluted with a solvent, since in this case so-called curing inhibitors can enter the substance, which lead to a violation of the composition and a change in the properties of the finished mastic. In particular, the sealant may lose its thixotropy, which will lead to the appearance of cracks during operation.

Another feature of working with sealing materials is that they cannot be used on ice-covered, frosty surfaces, on insufficiently hardened and dried concrete, and also at temperatures below minus 25 degrees.

The most stringent requirements apply to outdoor work: sealing roofing, its elements, joints, external walls, since the operating conditions in these cases are the most difficult. Sealing of joints is carried out either during installation or after its completion.

Very often, sealing is required during repair and restoration work. Depending on the depth of the seam, two technologies are used for sealing: surface and potting.

The use of surface technology is advisable when the depth of the expansion joint is not more than 0.5 cm. In other cases, pouring technology is used: with it, sealing is carried out using anti-adhesive gaskets.

The mastic prepared in advance is applied to the surfaces to be joined using a syringe gun or spatula: they are best used when working with deep and narrow seams.

Even on the thinnest sections, the thickness of the sealant layer must be at least 4 mm. The substance is evenly applied at the mouths of all joints. It is necessary to ensure that there are no gaps, influxes, voids.

The surface of the already applied sealant must be leveled using a special tool made taking into account the specific shape of the outer surface of the seam and its width. You can also use a regular spatula. So that the sealant does not stick to the tool, it should be pre-wetted with soapy water.

Each type of sealant has its own characteristics, which must also be taken into account when carrying out work. So, silicone sealant sets in 30 minutes. The rate of its complete polymerization is determined by the thickness of the seam. With this material, you can work in a fairly wide temperature range - from plus 50 to minus 20 degrees.

Acrylic sealant is fully cured in 21 days. It takes 20 minutes to set it up. Adhesion should be checked within one hour.

Polyurethane sealant cures in 14 days. It sets in 1.5 hours. If the seam is damaged, it can be re-treated. During work, gloves and a respirator must be worn.

The application of bituminous sealant should be carried out in thin layers and certainly at positive temperatures. High-quality sealing of the roof will increase the time interval between major repairs.

Prices

The cost of the sealant depends on the specific type, specifications, manufacturer. Below are approximate prices for 300 ml packs of material:

rubber roofing sealant - from 135 to 200 rubles;
bituminous sealant (for metal roofing) - 196 rubles;
polyurethane sealant for seams - from 154 to 250 rubles;
silicone sealant - from 160 to 225 rubles.

CONCLUSIONS

Sealant - a special substance to ensure the tightness of roofing, joints, joints.
The main qualities of the material are strength, reliability, moisture and air tightness.
There are 4 main types of sealants: silicone, bituminous, acrylic, polyurethane.
Each type of sealant has its pros and cons.
To obtain a good result, sealing must be carried out in accordance with all the rules.
Prices for sealants depend on the specific type of substance, technical characteristics, manufacturer.

In the video instructions on how to carefully fill the seams with sealant.