Rain funnel cap for flat roofs. Funnels are drain roofing. Flat roof drain: the specifics of the construction of the internal and external version

Funnel drain for flat roof(fitting) is the main element of the external drainage system. Through it, rain or melt water enters pipes that can be installed outside or inside the house, and then into the ground, catchment tank or sewer. For free drainage of water, the water intake is mounted at the lowest point of the roof. Wherein minimum slope in its direction is 2 °.

Drainage funnel device

Today on the market you can find various types of drain fittings, which differ from each other in the material of manufacture, design, build quality and cost. The standard design of the water intake consists of the following elements:

housing - made of galvanized steel, cast iron or plastic (mounted directly into the roof);
grate - is a filter element that protects the drain system from contamination;
downpipe - used to connect the fitting to the downpipe;
sealing rings and gaskets - allow you to achieve maximum tightness of the junction of the product with the roofing material, thereby preventing moisture from entering under the roof;
thermal cable - is considered an additional element that increases the efficiency of draining in the cold season, preventing water from freezing near the outlet.

Back to index

Types of water intake fittings

Roof funnels are classified according to the following parameters:

Manufacturing material. Modern water intakes are made from cast iron, galvanized steel, plastic, or a combination of several materials. When choosing a funnel on this basis, it is necessary to take into account what the roof itself is made of. So, for sheet flooring, the best option is a metal fitting, for concrete floors - cast iron, and for a soft roof - plastic.
Form. Funnels can be flat or cap-shaped. The first view is set flush with the roof plane. Such products periodically need to be cleaned of leaves, branches and other debris, so they can only be mounted on operated roofs. Cap-shaped products are equipped with a protective mesh that protects the water intake from contamination.
Design. Fittings for flat roofs can be made in the form of a one-piece structure or consist of two parts connected by a flexible pipe. The second type is used on movable roofs (non-ventilated or wooden). Due to the fact that the constituent parts of the funnel can be displaced relative to each other, with any movement of the base, the integrity and tightness of the product is maintained.
throughput. Depends on the diameter of the outlet. When choosing capacity, you need to take into account the area of the roof and the annual rainfall observed in your area.
Method of fastening to the base. A drain funnel for a flat roof can be fastened with a crimp seam or a flexible apron made of roofing felt or thick film. Seam fastening is universal because it can be used with any roofing material.

Back to index

Funnel mounting procedure

The first step is to choose the installation location of the fittings. These products are mounted at the lowest points of the roof. At the same time, they should be evenly distributed over the entire surface of the floor, which will achieve high efficiency of the drain system.

After choosing a place for the fitting, the lower part of the product is installed in the hole prepared in the ceiling. The fixation of the funnel to the base should not be rigid in order to exclude the possibility of damage during temperature deformations. Next is the laying of insulation and waterproofing. Then top part the funnel is attached to the bottom. To improve tightness, an O-ring is additionally mounted. The film apron of the fitting is placed between the lower and upper layers of the roofing material and fixed with molten bitumen mastic.

To prevent the occurrence of stagnant puddles, it is necessary to organize a slope towards the drain holes of at least 2 °.

This can be done with a screed or laying a heat-insulating layer. different thickness. It should be noted that the drain is not recommended to be placed near the supporting columns, since deformation shifts are often observed in these places, which can adversely affect the service life drainage system. Funnels for flat roofs are installed at the rate of 1 pc. per 150 m 2 of overlap, however, their number must be at least two. For example, for a roof with an area of 70 m 2, 2 fittings are required, for 100 m 2 also 2 pieces. If the roof area is more than 300 m 2, then for the normal operation of the drain, 3 water intake points should be used.

At the last stage of work, the finishing layer of the roofing material is laid, which is inserted into the fitting bowl and fixed with a clamping ring. After installing the protective cap, the performance of the entire structure is checked. To do this, a bucket of water is poured near the water intake and it is observed whether all the liquid enters the drainage system.

Flat roofing, as a rule, is carried out on industrial buildings and on residential multi-storey buildings. Also recently, this type of roof construction has become popular in the construction of private sector buildings. This is explained by the fact that additional areas appear that can be used for various purposes (sports ground, garden, pool, and so on).

On flat surfaces, it is necessary to provide a special drainage system, since otherwise the destruction of the roof structure and the entire building is inevitable.

It should be noted that here it is necessary to provide a special drainage system, since otherwise the destruction of the roof structure and the entire building is inevitable. In this case, it will be useful to know how to properly install the main elements of this device, which are drain funnels for flat roofs.

Types of drainage systems for flat roofs

For roofs without a slope, it is possible to perform drainage systems, which can be conditionally divided into the following types:

Traditional drain - the building is pierced by a large number of pipes, a large number of funnels are used. Gravity-vacuum system - with the same throughput, several times less material is used.

Traditional waterways. The installation of the system is carried out on special ledges or directly on the roof overhangs, which are located low. In this case, the drain is installed in special channels - recesses, which are provided when laying the roof. In the event that the drainage device is performed below the level of the roof overhang, it is recommended to use rectangular gutters and pipes, while fastening is carried out with vertical brackets. The drain elements must adjoin the channels through the holes that are made in the ledge. Roof funnels are installed in the lowest places (slope 3%), their number is provided based on the calculation of one copy per 25 m of length. All these elements must be connected to one common drain pipe with a slope. In addition, it is necessary to perform additional emergency funnels. It can be noted that in this case, both external and internal precipitation can be used, of course, depending on climatic conditions. The first option is recommended in regions with mild weather conditions, while the latter solution is optimal at low temperatures.
Gravitational-vacuum systems. This design was invented over 30 years ago in the northern country of Scandinavia and is now widely used throughout Europe and other countries. The principle of operation of this device for draining water from the roof is based on the ejection capacity (entrainment of another medium behind it, in this case air) of the liquid in the pipe system. In this case, the gaseous masses in the riser initially move upwards, however, when water enters the pipes and then moves downwards under the action of gravity, the air layer reverses. Here a vacuum environment arises, and the moisture is completely entrained at high speed through the pipes into the collector. Moreover, a slope is not required, since the water moves under the pressure of air masses.

Several advantages of this system can also be noted, such as high flow rate, the possibility of using narrow pipes, self-cleaning design, low weight of the device, small volume earthworks, the number of water receivers is provided for less and others. For comparison, we give the following information: the roof funnels of the vacuum system (horizontal outlet 75 mm) are able to pass up to 15 liters of liquid in 1 s, while in a traditional drain installation, to achieve this effect, it is necessary to install elements with an outlet of about 200 mm.

Flat roof drains

Flat roof drainage system.

It can be noted that the drainage elements are produced from various materials(metal, plastic, combined and others). The selection of these products should be carried out in accordance with what raw materials the roof is made of. In other words, if the roof is metal, the gutters should be made of a similar material, while with soft types roofs, it is recommended to use devices to remove moisture from polymer compounds.

Usually the most simple design funnel (water receiver) has a wide board for receiving water, a glass and a cap. In this case, the drain funnels must meet the following requirements:

the connection of this element with the insulating layer of the roof decking must be tight and reliable, it is recommended to stick the waterproofing layer of the roof deck on the side of the funnel;
the funnel lid must be removable, and the glass can be a single device with the device;
the cap must be well (tightly) fixed to the intended place of the system;
to protect against the ingress of debris into the internal structure of the funnel, they must have a safety umbrella (filter).

As a rule, the simplest funnel design has a wide side for receiving water, a glass and a cap.

It can be noted that for flat roofs it is recommended to use funnels with a horizontal side (outlet). At the same time, there are several types of these devices, which differ depending on the type of material from which the flange is made. It can be a bituminous, rubberized, vinyl-based or universal PVC or aluminum part. Funnels with a vertical outlet can also be used in the organization of drainage for flat roofs.

The choice of this element and component - the flange - depends on what materials are used to cover the roof, this should be taken into account when purchasing parts. In addition, you need to pay attention to whether an ice crust will form around the funnels, in which case it is better to install heating cables. For these purposes, self-regulating devices and devices are commercially available that automatically regulate the operation of such devices. They have built-in temperature and humidity sensors with device controllers.

Installation of funnels on flat roofs

When installing the main drainage elements on flat roofs, it is useful to consider the following points:

The location of the funnels on a flat roof

The surface of the roof is conditionally divided into sections of regular geometric shape. In this case, the number of parts is calculated as follows: one funnel should be installed on an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 200 m 2, and the pipe size should be at least 10 cm in diameter.
The location of the receiving elements should be provided in such a way that they most effectively remove water from the coating. This can be achieved by bringing to them the most possible slope of at least 2% when carrying out roofing work.
Regardless of the roof coverage area, the number of water receivers must be at least 2, or a storm drain and one drainage device are provided.
When attaching the funnel, it is better to provide some free space for the receiver to move relative to the pipe.
If the roof waterproofing consists of two layers, then the device for receiving water is installed between them. With single-layer insulation, an additional flap of a similar material is used (at least 1 m 2).
To connect the flange, heated bitumen or a fusing method with PVC roofing can be used;
For additional fastening, water receivers can be mounted on roofs using screws and special mechanical connections.

Scheme of cutting and stickers of fabric or non-fabric when pasting and sealing the gutter funnel: 1 - fabric panel, 2 - breakdown axis, 3 - fabric roll, 4 - clamping ring.

It should be noted that the installation process of the funnel (water receiver) varies depending on the type of this element and the type of roofing. However, in quality useful information you can give the procedure for installing this part on a soft roof:

Laying the bottom layer of the "carpet" of the roof.
Cutting a hole in this layer, equal to the diameter of the flange.
Removing the film (if any) from the roofing material where the water receiver will be installed by burning with a burner.
Treatment of the installation site with hot bitumen.
Funnel installation.
Fixing the top layer of the roofing material (by fusing or gluing with hot mastic). In this case, the flame of the burner can be used for a short time.
Installing a leaf filter.

Depending on the type of funnels and their throughput, their number is selected, in addition, installation work also depends on this factor.

Flat roof drains: installation highlights

During the construction of buildings, a drainage system is performed. At the same time, it is useful to know how to properly install drain funnels for flat roofs.

Flat roof drain funnels: installation and heating

Today, buildings with a flat roof, familiar to industrial and high-rise buildings, are increasingly found in private housing construction. Such a roof makes it possible to obtain additional space for arranging a terrace, a sports ground, a pool, a garden. To provide protection roofing from destruction under the influence of moisture, it is important to provide effective system for the removal of melt and rain water, take care of correct installation and heating of water intake funnels.

Choosing a drainage system

for roofs flat type There are two options for drainage systems:

Traditional (requires installation a large number funnels, water flows by gravity through the pipes of the system).
Gravity-vacuum (characterized by high throughput with a minimum number of communications).

Traditional internal drain. For its effective functioning, it is necessary to properly rake the roof, while the funnels are mounted at the lowest points. The number of water receivers depends on the dimensions of the roof. Water-receiving elements are connected by pipes to a vertical drain pipe, through which water from the roof enters the sewer. It is important to install horizontal piping elements with a slope to ensure free drainage of water by gravity.

Gravity-vacuum system. For more than 30 years, it has been actively used in many countries of Europe and the world due to its high economy and efficiency. The principle of operation is based on the fact that a vacuum environment arises in a system equipped with a siphon, due to which water is sucked from the surface and moves through the pipes at high speed. The advantages of the system include:

the flow has a high speed;
simplified installation (fewer funnels and communications are required, pipes can not be mounted at a slope, since water moves through them under air pressure);
light weight (does not create additional impact on roofing system);
cost-effectiveness (funnels and pipes of smaller diameter are used in comparison with the traditional system without loss of performance);
the ability to self-clean (the throughput of the system does not change over time).

For comparison: the funnel of a vacuum system with a horizontal outlet of 75 mm in one second is capable of passing up to 15 liters of liquid. To achieve the same throughput of a traditional drain, you will need to install a funnel with a horizontal outlet of 200 mm.

During heavy rains, a large amount of water can accumulate on a flat roof, which the drainage system will not be able to cope with. To avoid the collapse of structures due to excessive load, it is required to equip a special additional drain - a storm drain. It can also serve as the main drain when the latter is clogged.

Choosing a funnel

Funnels for arranging an internal drain are made of polymers, metal, or a combination of materials. When choosing a product, it is important to consider the type of material that is used as roof decking. Metal funnels are used for installation on roofs covered with sheet metal. Polymer products are suitable for installation on a soft roof.

The flat roof funnel can be round or rectangular, with a horizontal or vertical outlet. The choice depends on the installation site and the characteristics of the roof. Products differ in design, but in any case, it is possible to rigidly attach the funnel to the roof base and provide reliable waterproofing attachment point.

Funnels with a metal flange are clamped in place using stainless steel fasteners. Funnels with a polymer flange equipped with a sealing cuff are glued on.

The drainage system must necessarily be protected from clogging. To prevent large debris from entering the drain, the funnels are equipped with protective covers or nets. Products with slotted flat covers are used on exploited roofs. The lids are capable of supporting the weight of a person. If you intend to create a "green" roof, it is best to use funnels with a leaf filter in the form of a mesh cap.

The principle of placement of water inlets

Water receivers must be installed in the lowest places on the roof. It must be evenly distributed over the surface. To prevent the formation of stagnant puddles on the roof, the slope of the surface towards the funnel should be at least 2%, while at a distance of about half a meter to the drain funnel, the slope should be increased to at least 5%. The change in the slope is provided by leveling the screed or reducing the heat-insulating layer.

The calculation of the number of water receivers is carried out as follows: each funnel should have no more than 200 square meters. m. of surface, the distance between the funnels is at least 50 cm. The minimum pipe diameter is 10 cm. Despite the size of the roof, at least two funnels, or one funnel and a storm drain, must be installed on it. This will avoid flooding when the water intake is clogged.

When calculating the number of water receivers and their parameters, the intensity and frequency of precipitation in a given region is taken into account.

The device of the internal spillway system: installation of funnels

First option. Composite funnels, the body of which consists of two parts, are the most practical in operation. Due to a certain dynamic margin, such funnels, unlike rigid structures, compensate for the movement of the insulation.

The device of the water receiver begins with the installation of the lower part of the composite funnel into the prepared passage hole cut out in the roof slab. The lower part is inserted into the downpipe, and the fasteners should not be rigid in order to avoid damage to communications due to temperature deformations.

The outer part of the funnel for creating an internal drain is installed from above, passing through the roofing carpet and the insulation layer, it is inserted into the lower part. An annular seal is provided between the parts of the funnel. plastic apron the upper part must be laid on the lower lining layer of roofing material. An additional lining layer is mounted on top of it and a bituminous apron is welded as the next layer of waterproofing. An outer layer of roofing material is mounted on top of the apron, which is inserted into the funnel bowl and fixed with a clamping ring and stainless steel fasteners. At the last stage of the device, a protective grill is installed on the funnel.

Second option. The device of the water receiver with a clamping flange is carried out in several stages. It is recommended to fasten the funnel not to the insulation, but to wooden bars suitable section, securely fixed to the base of the roof. The funnel is tightly installed in the hole (it must be rigidly fixed), a rubber-bitumen sealing gasket is installed between the flat side of the funnel and the clamping flange, which is placed under the roofing carpet. At the next stage of the device, the metal clamping flange is fixed with special stainless steel fasteners. Holes are provided in the flange, sealing gasket and side of the funnel for the installation of fasteners. At the end of the installation, the cover is fixed.

The principle of the device of water intake funnels depends on the configuration of the product and the type of roofing. During installation, follow the manufacturer's recommendations.

Heating of water receivers

Drainage funnels in winter time in cold climates, heating is needed to prevent the formation of an ice block in the nozzle and adjacent sections of the horizontal pipeline. The freezing depth reaches one and a half meters, so it is recommended to provide heating for these elements of the drainage system.

Freezing of water in branch pipes and pipes leads to flooding of the roof surface during the period of thaws and snowmelt, since the ice hidden from the sun's rays, surrounded by a thermal insulator (a layer of insulation in a roofing cake) will melt in the very last turn.

Today, funnels for flat roofs are on sale, already equipped with a built-in heating system. But by themselves they will not solve the problem: in this case, the ice plug will grow outside. Of course, it will melt faster than the inside, but it can also create a serious problem by blocking the flow of water into the drain.

In order for the water drainage system to function properly all year round, equip the site heating system around the funnel using a self-regulating heating cable for the roof. In this case, the possibility of clogging the drain with ice is excluded..

Competent arrangement of water receivers, properly organized heating and regular cleaning of funnels from debris, prompt repair of elements of the drainage system, if necessary, will help to protect the roofing pie of a flat roof from the negative effects of moisture.

Drain funnel for flat roofs, internal drainage device

The device and types of drain funnel for a flat roof. The nuances of installation and heating when arranging an internal drain on a flat roof.

Gutters for flat roofs

Drainage systems are divided into open and closed. Open - this is what we see on most pitched roofs: a gutter runs along the perimeter of the roof, from which water flows into the funnel of the pipe, further down the pipe: into the drainage system, into the collector, just some distance from the facade (so that the plinth does not wash away and did not seep to the foundation).

Closed are used on flat roofs. Here the angle of inclination of the roof is insufficient for water to drain into the gutter. Moreover, flat roofs are often surrounded by a parapet through which water cannot, in principle, get outside the roof. In this case, drain funnels for flat roofs are used. Through them, rain and melt water enters the riser passing inside the house.

Funnels are installed at the bottom of a flat roof (a flat roof also has a slight slope). I will talk a little about these funnels, the features of installation and selection.

Why do we need drain funnels on a flat roof

Without an outflow device, water will stagnate on the roof. There is nothing good in this: water gradually destroys the coating, penetrates into the thickness of the roofing pie, spoils the insulation, seeps through the ceiling into the house.

If there is no parapet, and the flat roof has a noticeable slope (up to 10 degrees), the drain funnels can be replaced by an external system, gutter + pipe.

Or the most unfortunate option: an unorganized drain from a flat roof. Its only advantage is savings on purchase and installation. Everything else is bad: an unorganized spillway erodes the soil near the basement, penetrates to the foundation. Water flows over front door- also not a very pleasant thing.

note

In the presence of a solid parapet, any external drainage systems are not considered in principle.

Device and types

The components of the funnel are a wide side, a cap and a glass.

The systems themselves are divided into two large groups:

Traditional. There are many pipes in the house, there are also many funnels. Systems are mounted on overhangs or special ledges located on roof depressions with a slope of 3 degrees. When using such a system, funnels are placed every 25 meters. All of them are connected to one riser.

Gravity-vacuum. The principle of operation is the ejecting effect, in this case, the ability of one medium to entrain another. When a vacuum is formed in the riser, water under the pressure of air masses is drawn into the riser at high speed.

note

Calculation of drain funnels on a flat roof

Funnels are installed on the basis of one piece per 150-200 square meters, but not less than two pieces per roof. Those. for small house 10 by 10 will require two, for 15 by 15 also two, for a roof of more than 300 squares - three, etc.

Features of selection and installation

Materials for the manufacture of funnels - plastic and metal. When choosing, they usually proceed from what material the roof is covered with:

If it is a folded or metal-profile roof, then the funnels are also chosen from metal;
For bitumen and polymer coatings polymer funnels are preferred.

Installation requirements:

The connection between the funnel and the roof must be perfectly sealed. At the joints, it is recommended to lay additional pieces of waterproofing. Moreover, the insulation should be glued directly on the side of the funnel;
If there are two waterproofing layers on the roof, the edges of the funnel are placed between them;
The funnel must be equipped with a removable lid and protected from dirt by an umbrella;
The cap should be well fixed;
In order to avoid freezing of water in the riser, heating of drain funnels on a flat roof is necessary;

note

Who produces gutter funnels and at what price

Drain funnels for flat roofs TechnoNIKOL. Diameter 110, 90, 160. With compression flange, with leaf catcher, with and without heating. The cost is from 300 rubles to 4.5 thousand.

SK TUOTE OY (Finland). Diameter from 7.5 to 16 centimeters, price from 800 to 4 thousand rubles.

Tekhnoresurs (RF). Diameter 11-16. The cost of funnels with a filter-leaf catcher, with and without heating, is from 400 rubles to 4 thousand rubles.

Installation internal system drainage is orders of magnitude more difficult than installing gutters and pipes from the side of the facade. Without the appropriate equipment and qualifications, this task cannot be completed.

Drain funnels for flat roofs: calculation, heating, price

Flat roofs are often surrounded by a parapet through which water cannot enter beyond the roof. In this case, drain funnels for flat roofs are used.

Roof funnels are one of the main components of high-quality drainage from roofs. Climate change is forcing people to protect their buildings from adverse precipitation in every possible way. Therefore, it is very important that the storm drain works efficiently and without failures, because the facade and foundation of the house are at stake. Industrial and government buildings with a flat roof have a big problem, because water has a destructive effect on the roof carpet.

There are no completely flat roofs, so its reliability depends on the slope. A slight slope is required for effective drainage. A good indicator would be a slope of 2-5 percent. In this situation, water will easily escape from the surface of the roofs, which will give more freedom for the functioning of the roofing carpet. If there are small defects, then they will not bring much damage.

Recently, the inclination is not enough, therefore, during the construction of the building, attention is paid to storm drainage systems that provide protection and reliability, and preference is given to the use of water intake funnels.

The concept and principle of operation of a storm funnel

The main component of a drain is called a storm funnel. She's working on collection and diversion Wastewater from the roofs. With its help, rain and sedimentary liquid is transported first to pipes that are located inside or outside the building, and then to the sewer or to specially designated places.

Also, roof funnels are the most important structures for covering buildings. Representing central location collection of liquid, they require the correct mounting of even a small wire on flat surfaces. The slightest miscalculation in system design can lead to malfunctions and loss of money.

To avoid leaks and ensure the desired rate of collection of liquid, it is necessary to control the tightness of all contacts on the wire connections. To increase the density, it can be equipped with a clamping flange, an auxiliary drain ring and an increase in the body. Funnels are mounted at all stages of construction and connected with cast-iron, steel or plastic pipes.

What parts does a funnel consist of?

The storm drain funnel consists of the following components:

Housing, including 1 or 2 flanges and a drain neck;
Clamping flange that presses the roofing sheet;
Screws and nuts that give force to the clamp;
Clamping screws that are in smooth cylindrical holes;
Wires and cables.

Rain funnel design (horizontal and vertical outlet)

Standard scheme:

Extension structure - upper part;
Extension cable - middle part;
Body, for embedding heating - the lower part.

Based on the area where they are applied, they can be:

With horizontal outlet;
With vertical release;

Difference: the location of the outlet (holes for draining water).

With a swivel joint, the angle during rotation can range from 0 to 90 degrees.

When are horizontal and vertical exhaust systems used?

With a horizontal outlet, they can be used for non-attic roofs. The funnel clings tightly to the waterproofing, which is responsible for the heating process. Here it smoothly passes to the sewer risers, going down. It should be noted that this installation is less profitable, since if you need to change the part, you will need to open a large section of the roof. Plus, when installing a horizontal funnel, it is necessary to carry out calculations on the heating freezing limit. If a miscalculation occurs, the system will freeze and stop functioning.

Storm drain types and where they are used

To date, more than 40 types of storm drains are known to market shelves, which are made from a wide variety of materials and can serve for the most various kinds buildings. According to the type of building can be: with and without heating system, with horizontal and vertical outlet, with and without filters. But we have already talked about these types a little higher.

Therefore, we will consider their division by purpose:

For roofing materials (bituminous and membrane);
For roofs in traditional and inversion style;
For roofs that are in operation and not;
For balconies and terraces.

Attention! Usually architects show the points of minimum reduction of the surface. Choosing the right funnel is the main task facing sewer designers.

For right choice The designer must have the following information:

What is the section of the roof, its layers and dimensions;
The material and diameter of the equipment that is used for the storm pipe;
Information about: whether heating is needed;
Complete information about the funnel.

Advice! If you have any questions, ask for help from specialists who will help you get information on the cut of the roof.

Types of existing roofs:

Inverted or inverted roofing. It is characterized by laying the waterproofing cable on the base, and the remaining layers - under it. As a result, the system operates all year round at a temperature of 18-20 degrees Celsius. It is protected from ultraviolet radiation and has practically no damage, which is displayed in the non-repair period, increasing it by 5-6 times. Permeated with many wires connected in a cable, the heating system guarantees a stable temperature.
Lightweight roofs. For their mounting, special funnels with a box are used, which are attached with a wire to the base.
Exploited roofs used with models of funnels with a flat lid, and not exploited - a device with a ladder and a special grate;
Roofs with and without heating system. If green, it is a crimp flange mechanism with a mesh that traps the grass. Freezing is possible for systems, therefore, the following requirements are set for funnels: strength, lightness, corrosion resistance, long service life, ability to work at temperatures from -50 to +80 ° С.

Attention! Important characteristic for funnels - the period of work. On average, manufacturers give a 50-year warranty. During this period, the cable can be damaged, the system completely fails only if it is intentionally damaged.

Installation. Repair funnels

The territory for placing the funnel must be chosen based on the basics of building design, it is also worth considering the features of sewage and storm water. The number of installed funnels depends on the design of the roof, the amount of precipitation. Basically, they should be at a distance of 25 m and on the sector - every 200-300 sq.m. We select the type according to the indicators of the waterproofing cable.

So, the slope of the roof must be at least 3%. To bypass the blockage of the main funnel, we install at least two such systems. We bring all the components to the sewers and adjust emergency system in case of overload.

The system can be completed with:

Crimp flange, which is connected by wire to the cable;
Drainage rings and nozzles;
heating system;
Locking valves;
Wires and cable;
ladders.

A special variety is, warming the soul, is the view - repair. Its purpose is to reduce the cost of repairing the device. If there is a breakdown of the storm drain, then it is enough to replace the heating waterproofing. Reconstruction is easy and effortless. This system does not require heating. Repair devices have receiving indicators in their structure, and they can easily mount a stormwater mechanism.

Conclusions: knowledge of the features of stormwater when installing them on various roofs (exploited, flat, heating and not heating, etc.) will help you choose correct device, which will give you the opportunity not to interfere in the work of the storm drain for many, many decades.

Today, buildings with a flat roof, familiar to industrial and high-rise buildings, are increasingly found in private housing construction. Such a roof makes it possible to obtain additional space for arranging a terrace, a sports ground, a pool, a garden. In order to protect the roofing from destruction under the influence of moisture, it is important to provide an effective system for the removal of melt and rain water, take care of the correct installation and heating of water intake funnels.

Choosing a drainage system

For flat roofs, there are two options for drainage systems:

Traditional (requires the installation of a large number of funnels, water flows through the pipes of the system by gravity).
Gravity-vacuum (characterized by high throughput with a minimum number of communications).

the flow has a high speed;
simplified installation (fewer funnels and communications are required, pipes can not be mounted at a slope, since water moves through them under air pressure);
light weight (does not create additional impact on the roofing system);
cost-effectiveness (funnels and pipes of smaller diameter are used in comparison with the traditional system without loss of performance);
the ability to self-clean (the throughput of the system does not change over time).

During heavy rains, a large amount of water can accumulate on a flat roof, which the drainage system will not be able to cope with. To avoid the collapse of structures due to excessive load, it is required to equip a special additional drain - a storm drain. It can also serve as the main drain when the latter is clogged.

Choosing a funnel

The flat roof funnel can be round or rectangular, with a horizontal or vertical outlet. The choice depends on the installation site and the characteristics of the roof. Products differ in design, but in any case, it is possible to rigidly attach the funnel to the base of the roof and provide reliable waterproofing of the attachment point.

Funnels with a metal flange are clamped in place using stainless steel fasteners. Funnels with a polymer flange equipped with a sealing cuff are glued on.

The principle of placement of water inlets

When calculating the number of water receivers and their parameters, the intensity and frequency of precipitation in a given region is taken into account.

The device of the internal spillway system: installation of funnels

The outer part of the funnel for creating an internal drain is installed from above, passing through the roofing carpet and the insulation layer, it is inserted into the lower part. An annular seal is provided between the parts of the funnel. The plastic apron of the upper part must be laid on the lower lining layer of the roofing material. An additional lining layer is mounted on top of it and a bituminous apron is welded as the next layer of waterproofing. An outer layer of roofing material is mounted on top of the apron, which is inserted into the funnel bowl and fixed with a clamping ring and stainless steel fasteners. At the last stage of the device, a protective grill is installed on the funnel.

Second option. The device of the water receiver with a clamping flange is carried out in several stages. It is recommended to fasten the funnel not to the insulation, but to wooden bars of a suitable section, securely fixed to the roof base. The funnel is tightly installed in the hole (it must be rigidly fixed), a rubber-bitumen sealing gasket is installed between the flat side of the funnel and the clamping flange, which is placed under the roofing carpet. At the next stage of the device, the metal clamping flange is fixed with special stainless steel fasteners. Holes are provided in the flange, sealing gasket and side of the funnel for the installation of fasteners. At the end of the installation, the cover is fixed.

The principle of the device of water intake funnels depends on the configuration of the product and the type of roofing. During installation, follow the manufacturer's recommendations.

Heating of water receivers

Downpipes in winter in cold climates need to be heated to prevent ice from forming in the spigot and adjacent sections of the horizontal piping. The freezing depth reaches one and a half meters, so it is recommended to provide heating for these elements of the drainage system.

The main enemy of any roof is water, the destructive effect of which leads to a reduction in the life of the roofing material, leaks. Gable, hip and even shed types of roofs have something to oppose to melt and rain water.
These are their slopes, thanks to the slope of which moisture, without lingering on the roof, slides down. Flat roofs are less protected; puddles accumulate on a flat surface, which do not have time to dry.

Stagnant water methodically destroys the waterproofing layer, in addition, wind-blown dust settles in them, forming a swampy substrate. Seeds of plants that fall into this "soil" germinate and destroy the roofing pie with their roots. To avoid extending the service life, they are equipped with a drainage system that drains water from its surface into the storm sewer.

Flat roof gutter system

Flat roof gutter system - a set of elements that collect, transfer and release water that has appeared on the roof surface as a result of precipitation or snow melting. equip the following types:

Disorganized. It lies in the fact that the water simply slides off the steep slopes. This method of self-drainage is used in private houses with pitched roofs, but not suitable for flat roof structures.
External. It consists of a gutter and downspouts fixed on a wind dock or rafters. By gravity, due to the slope of the roof, water is removed from the slopes and drained into a gutter or storm drain. An external drain is used to divert water from a flat roof. small area, in particular for commercial buildings.
Interior. Characteristic the internal drain is that it is laid inside the roofing pie. It is designed taking into account the specifics of a flat roof.

Internal drainage of a flat roof

Placed not outside, but under layers of waterproofing, insulation. It consists of:

Drain funnels installed on the roof surface, in low places, built during the slope. The function of funnels is to collect and filter melt and rain water that falls on the roof.
Horizontal drain pipes, which are installed under a layer of waterproofing and insulation under a slope, if a gravity drain is being equipped or without a slope, if vacuum.
Vertical downspouts that collect water flows from horizontal pipes and drain into storm sewers.

According to the method of movement of water into the drainage system, it can be of a gravity and vacuum type. The principle of operation of a vacuum drain is that the precipitation completely fills the pipes, creating a water column, when it moves down, the air rises first, creating a vacuum environment, and then drags the water out of the drain funnel, as if sucking it in. In areas with heavy rainfall, experienced roofers recommend the installation of a vacuum system that can quickly cope with a large volume of water, and even self-cleaning due to its rapid movement through the pipes.

A drain funnel on a flat roof is responsible for collecting and receiving water that accumulates on the surface. It consists of:

The lower part, which is mounted at the base of a flat roof.
A seal that tightly connects the upper and lower parts of the drain funnel.
The upper part, passing in the thickness of the insulation and waterproofing.
A protective grill that is located above the roof surface and protects the drain funnel from the penetration of large debris and blockages.

The tightness of the connections between the elements of the gutter funnel is a prerequisite for the effective operation of the gutter system. When examining a flat roof after detecting a leak, in 70% of cases the problem was the penetration of water between the joints of the funnel parts.

Types of drain funnels

Roof drain funnel can be made of galvanized metal, copper or polyvinyl chloride. Copies of galvanized steel are used more often than others, due to their affordable price. Due to the exorbitant cost, copper funnels have not gained popularity, especially since they are not combined with all roofing materials. Polyvinyl chloride products are excellent for mounting on soft tiles, shinglas, onduline.

The following types are found in specialized stores drain funnels:

When installing gutter funnels, professional roofers adhere to the following principles:

Funnels are placed in places located below the main roof level. The slope between the base and the funnel should be at least 2 degrees, and at a distance of 50 cm increase to 5 degrees. The slope is set when leveling with insulation boards, expanded clay or concrete.
Drain funnels are distributed evenly over the surface of a flat roof at the rate of 1 piece per 25 meters of length.
Regardless of the roof area, the minimum number of drain funnels is two. Since in the event of a clogged drain or during heavy rains, the second will insure a funnel that has failed or cannot cope with a large volume of water.
The smallest allowable distance between the funnels of the drain is 50 cm. And from the edge of the roof - 1 m.

Installation order

Install drain funnels on a flat roof as follows:

The drainage system, including funnels, must be periodically inspected and cleaned so that an unexpected downpour does not lead to a collapse of the roof. A well-organized drain will not only extend the life of the roof, but also become a source of water for irrigation if you are concerned about the conservation of natural resources.