Mistakes made during the installation of the "roofing pie" lead to the fact that the insulation cannot fully function. Let's try to show with specific examples what the system marriage leads to when insulating the roof.

1. Frost hit

On the plasterboard sheathing ugly spots appeared on the attic ceiling. The survey showed that the roof structure freezes through. The freezing zone is reflected on the screen of the thermal imager (indicated in blue). After opening the ceiling canvas, such an unsightly picture opened up.

Freezing could occur for various reasons: insufficient thickness of the heat-insulating layer, poor-quality installation of insulation, mistakes made during the installation of vapor and waterproofing, as well as the lack of under-roof ventilation. Judging by the state of thermal insulation, the builders allowed what is called a systemic marriage. The heater has practically fallen into disrepair. And it is still unknown how the waterlogging of the roofing “pie” affected the wooden elements of the truss structure. Be that as it may, the owners will have to spend money on overhaul roofs.

2. "Hot" roof

Why is there almost no snow cover on this section of roofing? The fact is that the thermal insulation of the roof is broken here. Internal heat heats up the metal tile, which causes the snow to melt. Such a “heating of the universe” will cost the owners a pretty penny, especially if the house is not connected to the main gas. In addition, with such insulation of the roof, the attic practically passes into the category of seasonal accommodation.

3. Wrinkled insulation

It is not known why the glass wool insulation did not please the builders. They pushed heat-insulating motes between the rafters so that the products were compacted and crumpled. As a result of such a gross violation of the structure, the insulation largely lost its thermal properties and ceased to retain heat. In the first winter, the mansard roof will freeze through. It turns out that the house has not yet been completed, but it already needs to be repaired.

4. Hemming of cornice overhangs

Careless roofers left the roof to spend the winter without filing the cornice overhangs. Roof waterproofing turned out to be out of work, since oblique rain and snow freely penetrate into the insulation. And it is quite natural that in winter the thermal insulation “froze itself”. However, the situation is not hopeless, it can still be improved if the builders sew the cornices correctly at least in the spring.

5. Condensate drain

This is what happens if you do not ensure the removal and weathering of condensation moisture. Water accumulates on waterproofing membrane and eventually penetrates the insulation. The situation is aggravated by poor-quality installation of vapor barrier. Vapors could get into the thermal insulation through the joints of the panels of the vapor barrier film or adjoining the walls (if they were forgotten to be sealed with self-adhesive tape) and condense there. In a word, water from all sides, and as a result, a wet insulation, a cold and damp attic.

6. Broken vapor barrier

The vapor barrier film is fixed with planks to the rafters. However, here we see that the slats are offset from each other by almost 4 cm.

It remains only to guess what the film is attached to. In addition, the panels sag, which means that after filing the ceiling, there will be no gap between the drywall and the vapor barrier, which will subsequently negatively affect the state of the finish. In addition, the junction of the vapor barrier to the wall is not sealed. If in the near future the joint is not glued with self-adhesive tape, then the insulation will fill with moisture and stop working.

Roof insulation - errors (photo)

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If you have just built your house, then it is recommended to pay Special attention for the roof insulation process. This is very important to make living in the house comfortable and cozy. After all, the functions roof structure very important for the whole house. The roof protects against natural disasters such as snow, rain, wind, layers of dust. In addition, the roof creates an aesthetic perception of the entire structure, there are a variety of design delights. But if you choose between a reliable roof and - then the choice will definitely fall on the first option. Because the main task of the roof is to protect the house. In the summer, the roof protects the house from overheating, and in the cold winter, from icy gusts of wind and shavings. Under these conditions, it is very important to insulate the roof from the outside and from the inside.

Experts advise to insulate a gable roof even before installing the roofing.

First of all, this simplifies the task. And, secondly, otherwise there is a risk of improper installation. However, these are only theoretical considerations that must be carried out before.

In practice, things are somewhat different. So, the weather can influence the process. The fact is that roof structure and the insulation must be left open for some time to dry - and if it rains, then they will inevitably get wet. This will lead to the loss of insulation properties, and wooden structure your house will start to rot.

In this case, significant damage to the thermal insulation will also occur. Under these conditions, the insulation of the roof of a private house is carried out from the inside after the installation of the roof is completed.

For proper roof insulation, certain rules and nuances should be taken into account.

This will be discussed in our article.

Material selection

Pitched roof insulation involves the choice of material. We advise you to give preference to those heaters that are able not to lose their original qualities for a long time.

In other words, it is irrational to choose a heater for only 1-2 years.

An important quality of a heater is the preservation of its thermal insulation properties, water resistance, environmental friendliness, etc.

Therefore, the insulation of the Mauerlat and other roof structures should be made using exclusively high-quality materials.

If you choose a heater in terms of thermal conductivity, then keep in mind that the lower it is, the better. market today building materials literally replete with products of heaters with a thermal conductivity of the category 0.04 W / m ° C.

In other words, the choice of insulation does not take much effort to find the right option.

As for the mass of heaters, they can differ significantly from each other. It depends both on the manufacturer of the materials and on their characteristics of insulating properties. For example, if the mass of one cubic meter insulation can be 11 kilograms, then the mass of another material can reach all 350.

Tip: Note that roof insulation frame house bulky material by weight can lead to weighting of the roof.

Under these conditions, the design of the roof and the truss system must take into account the additional load of the insulation system on the roof of the house. Warming pitched roof heavier material may differ significantly from a similar installation of light insulation.

The positive quality of heavy materials should be noted. They are rigid in structure and can easily withstand the heavy weight of the roof. In addition, during the cold season, the snow crust formed on the roof will not interfere with the roofing system.

But light materials cannot boast of such quality, due to their softness. Therefore, they are not always able to withstand even a small load of snow.

Some material quality factors

To determine the quality of the material, several factors should be taken into account. We will talk about them in the final part of our article.

• Form stability. It is the most important factor that must be considered first of all when choosing an insulating material. The high quality of the roof is achieved due to the correct shape of the material and its exact dimensions.
• Flammability. Also an important factor. When choosing a material, consider it high performance incombustibility and self-extinguishing. This saves with a small flame of fire, but the material melts, being at the very epicenter.
• Humidity. A secondary factor, which, however, affects some features of roof insulation country house. With an increase in humidity, the thermal conductivity also increases, which leads to a deterioration in the roof insulation index.

If you have any questions, it is recommended to refer to the photo and video materials. They will tell you in detail how to insulate the roof with PPU. If you feel that the insulation of the roof of the house with your own hands is not up to you, then be sure to entrust the work to professionals. Thanks to this, you will save both your time and in the shortest possible time you will get the result - in the form of an insulated roof.

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Competent filing of the roof eaves - a choice of 3 options and step by step guide

The facade of the house will never look finished and neat if the roof overhangs are not filed. Now there are different variants development of this sector. Based on the rich experience of the practitioner, I chose the 3 most popular types of cornice cladding and then you will find out why most owners prefer them, and at the same time we will step by step analyze the installation process with our own hands.

Why hem a cornice

The aesthetic component of the cladding is certainly important, but besides it, the cornice overhangs also perform an important practical function:

• In the overwhelming majority, it is now customary to insulate the roof, and if the roofing cake is not covered along the edge with a frontal bar, then it will remain defenseless against the vagaries of nature and will begin to actively collapse, especially for the insulation;
• The frontal board, which covers the frontal bar and is also considered part of the cornice structure, is the basis for the ebbs system, in most cases the ebbs are attached just to it, it’s easier;

• Ventilation roof space goes from bottom to top, respectively, in sloping roofs, air enters through the cornice overhang, and exits in the region of the ridge. A well-arranged cornice overhang plays the role of a kind of filter, keeping debris and excess moisture under the roof;
• And finally, birds, insects and other living creatures often build their homes under the roof, and by closing the overhangs, you prolong the life of your roof.

What is the difference between a gable overhang and a cornice overhang

Such structures are divided into gable and cornice. Each of these overhangs performs its function:

• eaves called horizontal overhangs, which originate from the lower cut of the roof. Their arrangement is considered the most important, since it is here that air enters to provide under-roof ventilation;
• Gable overhang- this is the lower sloping sector of the roofing pie, bordering on the pediment of the house. He does not take part in ventilation and sheathing is needed here only for beauty and protection of the insulation from living creatures.

Gable overhangs can only be in those roof structures where there is an inclined cut of the roof plane, for example, gable roofs. Hip, tent and other closed truss systems have only cornice overhangs.

Three options for finishing materials

In fact, there are many more such options, we took only the most popular ones, plus even popular destinations have their own differences in models and types.

Option number 1: wooden overhangs

Until recently, wood was the most common material. The beauty of natural wood is undeniable and the sheathing is mounted quite easily. The only negative can be considered the need for good wood impregnation. The line includes lining, as well as hemmed and edged boards.

Illustrations	Recommendations
	clapboard. The main advantage of such slats is considered to be a convenient thorn-groove connection. There is a spike on one end, and a groove on the other. Thus, the cornice finished wooden clapboard, will be without cracks and gaps.
	Hemming board. Such a board has a peculiar shape, its ends are beveled at an angle, which allows you to equip the surface without visible cracks. In cornice overhangs, a hemmed board is good because small ventilation gaps can be left between the planks, which will not be visible.
	Edged board. This is the easiest option. The edged board can be stuffed flat with small ventilation gaps between the planks, but this will not be very beautiful. Or sew up the cornice with a herringbone, as in the photo on the left, although in this option you will have to leave special slots for ventilation.

Option number 2: spotlights or siding for cornices

Facing cornices with siding is now breaking all records of popularity. To be precise, cornice siding is commonly referred to as spotlights. Such strips differ from ordinary siding in the presence of ventilation nets or gratings. Otherwise, both the material and the installation of spotlights are similar to the arrangement of siding.

Illustrations	Recommendations
	Copper soffit. Copper soffit at correct installation will last longer than the roof itself. Copper does not need to be painted or impregnated with anything, it is already good. The only problem is that copper spotlights are very expensive.
	Aluminum. Aluminum spotlights are just as durable as copper ones. Plus, these strips are powder-coated, which means that the color can be matched to any facade. True, the price of aluminum spotlights is not much lower than copper ones.
	Galvanized steel. The price here is average, plus galvanized spotlights are also painted and if they are not scratched, they will stand for a long time.
	Plastic. Vinyl soffits can be called the best option. They are light, not afraid of moisture and the most affordable. The main thing is not to take cheap models, as they change color over time.

Option number 3: professional sheet

Finishing with a profiled sheet is not much different from facing overhangs with spotlights, they are even visually similar. Moreover, the profiled sheet is made from the same galvanized and painted metal as the steel spotlights. Only the dimensions of these sheets are much larger and they do not have ventilation nets. They will have to be set up separately.

Overhang installation technique

Installation of overhangs is carried out after the complete arrangement of the roofing pie. It is desirable that the wall decoration is also finished, but this requirement is not necessary.

Types of structures

Sheathing overhangs can be carried out in 3 options:

1. Under the rafters;
2. With the help of hanging fillies;
3. Attached to the wall.

Illustrations	Recommendations
	Sheathing parallel to the roof. Roofs with a small angle of inclination, usually up to 30º, are lined under the rafters. Less calculations and measurements will be required here, but it is important that all rafter legs are of the same thickness and located on the same plane.
	hanging filly. Box designs are more common. According to the rules, it is supposed to equip the fillies as in the diagram on the left and hem the lining to them.
	Snap to wall. Such installation is much simpler than the previous one, but overhangs cannot be sheathed according to this scheme. wooden houses, since during shrinkage they can be warped or completely destroyed.

Installation of the end and frontal board

• Installation should begin with trimming according to the level rafter legs and roof battens. To do this, a cord is pulled between the extreme points and everything is cut along it;
• The end board is nailed along the sloping edge of the roof. It will become a limiter for the installation of a gable overhang;
• Under the frontal board, the edges of the rafter legs must be cut strictly vertically, but before installing it, first the strapping or hemming board is nailed and only then, the frontal board is attached to it;
• The dimensions of the hemmed board should be about 20x150 mm. The end and frontal boards are taken thicker, from 30 mm.

Arrangement of spotlights

It does not matter what material the spotlights are made of, their installation technology is the same. From the material we need a J-bevel, a J-profile, a finishing profile and the spotlights themselves.

There are 3 schemes for arranging the eaves with spotlights, we will take 1, since it is cheaper.

Illustrations	Recommendations
	J-profile. We measure the J-profile. Outer and inner corner gable roof the same, in other roof structures they need to be measured separately.
	cutting. Soffits and profiles are easier to cut with a grinder.

No wonder people have said since ancient times that the main thing is a reliable roof over your head. Professional roofers also confirm that only a reliable, durable roof ensures comfortable living in the house. Moreover, the reliability and durability of this complex design sometimes depends on seemingly insignificant elements.

For example, the eaves of the roof, despite small size and a percentage of the surface area of ​​the slopes, this element performs important functions affecting the service life, insulating capacity and strength of the roof. In this article we will talk about the device of the roofing cornice of the house, how to form it and the optimal size.

roof cornice - important element roof structures, this term refers to the lower parts of the roof slopes, which are their continuation. Installation of cornices is carried out during the arrangement of the truss system by increasing the length of the rafters or by installing fillies. From above, the cornice, like the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe slope, is covered with roofing material, and from below it is sewn up with the help of lumber, spotlights, and siding. In the construction of the roof of the house, it performs the following functions:

1. Protects the walls of the house from moisture. Roof overhang protects upper part external walls from atmospheric moisture and dirt, while maintaining their attractive appearance and integrity.
2. Prevents the runoff of melt and rain water on the foundation blind area. The device of the roof eaves is such that it carries out streams of water and blocks of snow sliding off the slope, further from the foundation of the house, preventing blur and destruction of the blind area.
3. Gives the roof a finished, neat look. Roof overhangs, being a continuation of the slope, give the structure a more proportional look, harmoniously completing the architectural design of the house.

Note! The installation of cornices is an obligatory stage of roofing work, which is required by the technology of roof construction, regardless of its type, shape and type of waterproofing coating. Even flat roofs have a small extension protruding beyond the outer walls of the structure.

Kinds

Many homeowners are interested in whether it is possible to decorate a roof cornice with their own hands, since its visual device seems extremely simple. Experienced craftsmen believe that this is a job even for a non-professional. The main thing is to understand the purpose and types of cornices. In design pitched roofs There are the following 2 types of overhangs:

• Fronton. The gable overhang is the part of the roof slope that protrudes beyond the outer walls of the house from the side of the gable. As a rule, this type of cornice has a short length and is formed by a crate and a frontal bar that gives it a shape.
• Cornice. The cornice overhang or cornice is the lower part of the slope, starting from the intersection of the roof plane with the outer bearing walls. These cornices are usually much larger than gable cornices as they prevent splashes of water flowing down the slope from hitting the wall finishes.

Important! In fact, the cornice is an extension of the rafter legs. Since the overhang is at the bottom of the slope, the minimum snow load falls on it. However, the installation of a gutter or snow retainers changes the distribution of loads, so it can be subjected to significant pressure.

Formation methods

Before you make a cornice for the roof, you need to understand the structure of this element of the roof structure, as well as how to form it. The installation method of the overhang depends on the design and type of roof, on the length of the slopes. The most common technologies with which you can form a roof cornice are:

1. Extension of rafter legs. The easiest way to form a roof overhang is to use rafter legs that are longer than the pitch. The more you want to get an overhang, the longer the bars from which the rafters are made should be. The disadvantage of this method is to increase the weight of the frame, and, consequently, the load on the foundation.
2. Building rafters with filly. To form a roof cornice, you can build up the ends of the rafter legs with the help of fillies - lighter and cheaper elements from edged board smaller thickness. Thanks to fillies, the frame has less weight, despite the large cornice.

Professional craftsmen consider it advisable to use fillies to form an overhang if the length of the slope exceeds standard size lumber. Usually the length of the boards from which the roof frame is made is 6 meters. If the roof slope is 6 meters or more, the installation of the cornice is carried out using fillies.

Optimal size

It is often difficult for non-professional craftsmen to determine what size a cornice should be made. This is indeed a very important design decision, because if it is too small, then melted or rainwater from the slope will fall on the cladding of the outer walls, on the blind area of ​​the foundation, leading to destruction, as well as damage appearance structures. When choosing the length of the cornice, the following factors are taken into account:

• Climatic conditions. Optimal size roof cornice depends on the amount of precipitation falling in winter and summer. In snowier regions, roofs with a wide eaves are traditionally used to protect walls and foundations from snow. For example, alpine chalets located in the mountains usually have cornice overhangs at least 1 meter wide.
• Roof pitch. The greater the angle of inclination of the roof slopes, the smaller the eaves can be made. This is due to the fact that with a flat roof, the trajectory of falling snow and water goes far from the outer walls of the house. If the slopes are steep enough, then it is better to make the eaves wider to protect the structure from splashes of water that can reach the wall during heavy snowmelt or heavy rains.
• proportions of the house. A wide eaves with a sloping roof make the building visually lower, squat, distorting the optimal proportions. A narrow overhang with a high, steep roof, on the contrary, stretches the silhouette of the house.

Important! The minimum allowable width of cornices is 45-50 cm, but this is clearly not enough for regions with high snow load. If necessary, the size of this structural element increase to 1 m.

Hemming material

Installation of overhangs is carried out at the final stage of work on the assembly of the truss frame. As soon as the crate is ready, the rafter legs are trimmed in level, and then the frontal (wind) bar is fixed at their ends. To protect the lower surface from the penetration of moisture or the settlement of birds overhang, the eaves are filed. This task can be accomplished using various materials:

Remember that the ventilation of the under-roof space is an important factor affecting the life of the truss frame. Therefore, experienced craftsmen for filing overhangs recommend using spotlights. It is better to use models with central perforations that provide an average level of ventilation.

Hemming methods

In order for the eaves overhang not only to perform its functions qualitatively, but also to look aesthetically pleasing, neat, it is necessary to hem it correctly. To do this, it is not enough to choose high-quality material, you also need to decide on the method of filing, which depends on the slope and length of the ramp. There are two methods:

• Diagonal lining. This method consists in filing the cornices with soffits so that they are parallel to the slopes. Thus, roofs with a large slope, but a small slope length, are hemmed. The diagonal method is considered more time consuming.
• Direct hemming. This option is different in that the roof cornice is closed with spotlights using a box located at right angles to outer wall structures. Direct filing takes less time, but it is more expensive in terms of building materials.

Video instruction