Technology of laying bituminous tiles. Bituminous tiles: advantages and reviews. Installation, laying of bituminous tiles Installation of bituminous tiles on a vertical surface

Installation shingles can be done on your own. This material allows you to create a reliable and aesthetic roofing for pitched roof. Lately soft tiles attracts the eyes of private developers, due to which it is gaining more and more popularity.

Lathing device

The bituminous tile keeps within on a firm equal surface of a continuous crate. Moisture resistant plywood or OSB boards are usually used as the material for creating the base. Also, a solid crate can be made of grooved or edged boards. Sheet material is laid with the long side parallel to the ridge. Sheets or boards are joined on the rafters "in a row" - on one rafter board there should not be joints of the elements of the lathing of adjacent rows.

If the step of the rafters requires trimming of the sheet material during installation, it is easier to pre-stuff the crate on the rafters from an unedged board calibrated in thickness (with the bark removed), and attach solid flooring elements to it.

On the prepared base, it is recommended to lay a lining carpet of primer roofing. It levels and additionally waterproofs the surface. Besides, this covering will provide high adhesion of a bituminous tile. Slopes with a slope angle of up to 30 ° are completely covered with roofing paper in one or two layers (overlapping vertically 150 mm, horizontally - 80 mm, laying parallel to the eaves). On steeper roofs, the lining layer must be installed in the area of the ridge, valleys, and places where the roof adjoins vertical structures. Priming roofing is nailed, in valleys it is additionally glued.

Basic installation rules

When calculating the amount of material, some nuances should be taken into account. The bituminous tile is intended for creation roofing on roofs with a slope angle of 15 - 85 °. The packaging indicates the calculated surface for a slope with a slope of 45 °. When the angle of inclination changes, the consumption of material changes - for a roofing carpet of a more sloping roof, more material will be needed, for a steep one - less. Hexagonal shingles can be used on roofs with a slope of at least 20°.

The laying of bituminous tiles is carried out according to certain rules. To achieve a high-quality result, it is necessary to observe the temperature regime of work and the storage conditions of the material:

work on the installation of roofing should be carried out at an air temperature exceeding +5 ° C;
bituminous shingles should be stored indoors in a packed form, stacked on pallets no more than 16 rows in height;
primer roofing should be stored in rolls in a vertical position;
if work is to be carried out at relatively low temperatures, the underlayment and tiles must be removed in warm room days before installation.

Soft tiles during laying are not processed by a burner, in contrast to the bituminous built-up roof. A protective polymer film is removed from the lower surface of the element prepared for installation, and the part is placed on the prepared plane. The adhesive surface of the shingles adheres tightly to the base under the influence of sunlight (in hot weather) or a hot air gun (in cool weather). If bituminous tiles are mounted in cold or very windy weather, a special bituminous adhesive should be used.

Elements of bituminous tiles from different packages may differ slightly in shade, color intensity. To make the finished roof look aesthetically pleasing, it is advisable to spend a separate package of material on the slope. If a large area of the slope does not allow this, the coating is mounted from elements that are alternately taken from several packages - this allows you to achieve a uniform distribution of shades.

In hot weather, the adhesive layer of bituminous tiles softens, and the coating can deform under load. For this reason, such a roof in the heat can only be moved with the help of stairs or roofing "cats".

Fastener Features

Roofing from bituminous tiles requires mechanical fastening of each element. For this purpose, they can be used:

screw nails;
shaved nails;
brackets (for mounting tiles on the crate without primer roofing).

The length of the roofing nail must be at least 26 mm and the diameter of the flat head must be 8 mm. Fasteners made of metal with high-quality anti-corrosion treatment are used. Each shingle is fastened with 4 nails, which are driven in at a distance of 2.5 cm from the sides of the tile and 14.5 from its bottom line.

The head of the hammered nail should be flush with the surface. Protruding fasteners can damage the roofing element laid above. A deeply recessed nail creates a recess in which moisture can accumulate, which over time will lead to the destruction of the fastener.

Bituminous glue is used for additional strengthening of tiles in places where they adjoin windows and walls, on the ridge and in valleys, as well as for laying the coating in cold weather. Glue from the cans is applied with a steel spatula, squeezed out of the cylinders with a special gun. Since bituminous adhesive hardens at temperatures below +10 ° C, mounting the roofing in cold weather, it must be preheated. The glued shingle should be firmly pressed to the base.

Shingles installation

The first step is to fasten the metal eaves and wind battens to the underlayment using wood screws or flat head roofing nails. Fasteners are installed along the entire length of the bar in a checkerboard pattern with a step of 100 mm. Metal strips are mounted with an overlap of 50 mm. The laying of the underlayment carpet under the valleys is carried out on top of the cornice strips.

Further on top of the mounted eaves plank shingles for eaves are laid. The principle of installation depends on the type of tile: some material manufacturers advise leaving a gap of 1 cm between the bottom line of the cornice shingle and the edge of the cornice, in other cases it is recommended to make an overhang (1-1.5 cm) roofing material above the cornice. If the manufacturer does not offer special eaves shingles, it is necessary to cut off several ordinary ones and lay out the first line of shingles on the eaves from the resulting adhesive strips, gluing them end to end.

The installation of shingles starts from the bottom of the eaves, from the middle line of the slope - the shingles are laid retreating to the left and right. The next row of roof elements is laid in such a way that the gap between the lower edge of the cornice row and the lower edge of the second line is 1-2 cm. In this case, a visual straight line of the cornice will be provided when looking at the roof from the ground. If the shingles of the bituminous shingles are rectangular in shape, each even-numbered row must be started with a shingle half so that the elements move diagonally.

If bituminous shingles are installed on the roof of a house built in high winds, the spacing between shingles should be reduced in order to increase the reliability of the coating. On such roofs, the visible part of the tiles will be smaller.

Secrets of a beautiful roof

Accurate installation of shingles with your own hands requires prior knowledge of some of the intricacies of laying. In particular, when bypassing the structural elements of the roof, including the dormer window, the distance between the extreme shingles on both sides of the element should be a multiple of 1 meter - this will allow all subsequent rows to be correctly mounted.

Before starting the laying of the material, it is recommended to draw a slope with chalk vertically and horizontally directly on the primer roofing, marking its middle line, as well as laying lines for every 4-5 rows of elements. If structural elements are located on the slope (dormer or dormer window, chimney or ventilation pipe), then vertical lines are marked from them. This makes it possible to perform the installation as accurately and beautifully as possible.

Valleys and skates

Ridge shingles should be cut along the ridge line. Having completed the ventilation gap in the ridge, the upper edge of the roof is closed with cornice shingles. Instead, you can use a trimmed regular shingle. To bend the shingle without the formation of microcracks, the material must be heated. Bituminous mastic will reliably waterproof the junction of the ridge coating to the roof.

Reliable waterproofing of the valley is carried out as follows: each shingle that falls on the gutter should, without cutting, be fixed on the other side of the gutter with mechanical fasteners and glue. In this case, only the shingles of the top row are cut off, and the gutter of the valley is reliably protected and will not leak during the long-term operation of the roof.

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Installation instructions for bituminous tiles

You need to know that the installation of shingles with your own hands requires compliance with a number of rules that must be followed in order for the result of the work to be the best.

During installation, it is important to take into account such an indicator as the weight of shingles, which is not large.

As for the board, it can be edged or grooved, and its width and thickness should not exceed 0.15 millimeters and 0.24 millimeters, respectively. In the event that the length of the board is shorter than the length of the slope itself, then the crate joints should be equipped in the same way as for plywood, that is, “in a row”.

The primer layer is laid on the already mounted crate and carries a waterproofing function. In addition, it also serves to level the surface of the roof, which makes the laying of bituminous tiles more dense and reliable (more: ""). If the roof slope is less than 30 degrees, then it is necessary to lay a primer layer for the entire length of the slope, and if the slope is greater than 30 degrees, the material must be laid under the valleys, the ridge, and also in those places where it adjoins such structural elements like walls, windows, pipes.

To install a lining carpet for roofs with a slope of 15 - 20 degrees should be parallel to the overhangs of the eaves. The overlap should be 0.15 meters vertically and 0.08 meters horizontally. If it is necessary to cover the roof with a double soil layer, the overlap indicators should be equal to 0.5 meters horizontally and 0.3 meters vertically.
The overlap for roofs with a slope of 21 - 85 degrees should be 0.05 meters horizontally and 0.1 meters vertically. To prevent the appearance of ice on the primer layer, drippers are mounted on the edges and cornices throughout the roof. The lining in the valleys must be glued and nailed, and the overlaps in this place should be equal to 0.3 meters vertically and 0.15 meters horizontally.

Installation of shingles, detailed video instruction:

Standards for fixing bituminous tiles

Each of the bituminous tile parts is fixed with roofing nails, which must have a wide (not less than 0.08 cm) cap so that the material does not tear, and a length of at least 2.6 cm. The basis of the nails should be metal, pre-treated with an anti-corrosion compound and not stand out on the roof surface.

One sheet of shingles requires the use of 4 nails, which are driven 14.5 centimeters from the bottom edge of the material and 2.5 centimeters from its side borders. The depth of entry of the nail should also be calculated correctly. If it is insufficient, then the nail will inevitably stand out, and if the nail is driven too deep, moisture will accumulate in the resulting recess, which can lead to the formation of rust on the nail, which cannot be allowed.

In addition to nails, a special bituminous adhesive is used to fix the coating, applied with a steel spatula or syringe.

In the case when bituminous tiles are arranged, do-it-yourself installation can be done without any problems (read: ""). If you want more information on the correct installation of bituminous shingles, you can easily find it on the Internet, where numerous construction sites and forums provide detailed descriptions the whole process of working with photos and videos.

Flexible bituminous tiles are quite popular. This is due to its unique performance characteristics. Among the well-known manufacturers are the firms "Tegola", "Siplast" and "Shinglas". The bituminous tile is applied practically in any climatic conditions.

Tools

Sheets or boards are laid parallel to the ridge and joined on the rafter board. At the same time, they make sure that several joints of sheathing sheets of adjacent rows do not work out on one board.

Preparatory work

At the end of the preparation of the base, a special lining carpet is placed on it with the sand side up. It can be purchased at the place of purchase of tiles. It simultaneously performs two functions: it levels the surface and gives it waterproofing properties. In addition, bituminous tiles, when using a lining layer, get better adhesion to the surface. It is nailed in increments of 20 cm.

Slopes with an angle of inclination up to 30 degrees are completely covered with roofing paper in several layers. In the second case, only overlap with a margin of 150 and 80 mm vertically and horizontally, respectively. The design of the ridge is carried out using a special ridge-cornice tile. It is divided into three parts by perforation and alternately nailed on both sides at the junction of the slopes. Before the procedure, remove the protective film from the material.

Laying shingles: rules and features

When calculating the required amount of material, it is important to take into account certain nuances. For example, it is designed for roofing coverings, the angle of inclination of which is in the range of 15-85 degrees. The instructions say 45 degrees. Deviation from this indicator leads to an increase or decrease in the amount of consumed tiles. For example, the smaller the more material is required.

To achieve a high-quality result is possible only if the basic rules are observed:

the material is stored in closed packages indoors;
the lining carpet is saved in a vertical position;
manufacturers recommend installing bituminous tiles at a temperature of at least 5 degrees;
before laying the material in the cold season, it is first placed in a heated room (at least 24 hours).

Soft tiles are laid without using a burner. It is used for bituminous welded roofing. The protective film is removed from the inside of the material, after which it is laid on the prepared coating. When the outside temperature is high enough, the adhesive surface of the shingles adheres tightly to the substrate without assistance. In cold weather, a hot air gun is used for a similar effect. Additionally, the material can be strengthened with the help of special glue.

Bituminous tiles in different packages may have a different shade. Therefore, it is recommended to use a separate package for each slope. In the case when the area of the slope is large enough, several packages are used. The elements of the material are mixed, so that the shades are distributed evenly throughout the coating.

It is important to remember that at high temperatures, the tile becomes soft and easily amenable to mechanical stress (may be deformed). Therefore, in such conditions, work on the roof is moved using ladders or other devices.

Fastener material

Each individual tile element must be fixed separately. To do this, use screw or ruffed nails, as well as staples. The latter are used in the case when bituminous tiles are attached to the base without a lining layer.

Nails must be made of metal, pre-treated with anti-corrosion agents. 4 nails are driven into individual shingles at a distance of 2.5 cm from the sides and 14.5 mm from the bottom line of the tile.

Nails are driven in until their heads are at the same level as the shingles. If they protrude, the material laid above may be damaged, and if they are pressed in, moisture will accumulate in the recess formed, and the fasteners will collapse over time.

The intended purpose of bituminous glue is additional strengthening of material elements in difficult places: adjoining tiles to walls, on a ridge, in valleys. Also it is used at low temperature environment. Canned glue is smeared with the help of a special gun and squeezed out of the cylinders. If the temperature outside is low, then the bituminous glue is preheated (it hardens already at 10 degrees Celsius). The glued sheets are pressed with force to the base.

Gaunts

The first stage is fixing on the lining layer of the eaves and with the help of nails or screws. Nails are driven in in a checkerboard pattern along the entire length of the plank in increments of 10 cm.

After that, the shingle for the cornices is laid on top of the mounted plank. The installation of bituminous tiles in this case depends on its type. Some manufacturers recommend leaving a margin of 1 cm between the bottom edge of the shingle and the eaves. In other cases, an overhang of 1-1.5 cm of tiles is performed above the eaves. Often, manufacturers do not provide special cornice shingles. In this case, you should cut off the usual ones and lay out the first line of material on the cornice, gluing them end-to-end.

Installation of the material is carried out from the eaves. The shingles are laid from the midline of the slope on the sides (left and right). The second row is laid so that the interval between the lower edges of the cornice row and the second line is 1-2 cm. This will create a visually straight line when viewed from the ground.

If the house, the roof of which will be covered with shingles, is located in an area that is characterized by strong winds, then the interval between shingles is reduced. This will make the coverage more reliable.

How to achieve a beautiful roof?

Knowledge of the intricacies of the material and practical experience is what bituminous tiles require. With your own hands you can organize an attractive design of the roof, but for this it is important to understand it design features. For example, when avoiding protruding roof elements, the distance between adjacent shingles should be a multiple of 1 m. This is done so that subsequent courses can be installed correctly.

Before proceeding with the laying of the material, a slope is drawn along the lining layer (litter) using ordinary chalk, its middle line is indicated. In addition, marks are made for every 4 rows of tiles. In the case when on the slope is chimney or other structural element, vertical lines are drawn from them. At observance of technology the roof from a bituminous tile will receive an esthetic and attractive look.

Ventilation

For the free exit of air from under the roof, holes are made in it, the diameter of which corresponds to the installed aerators. They are fixed with nails or glue. After that, tiles are laid on top of their aprons, the ends of which are cut out.

Skates and valleys

On the ridge, the shingles are cut along its line. After a ventilation gap has been made in the ridge, the upper edge of the roof is covered with ordinary or cornice shingles. It is important to remember that bending the shingle without warming it up can lead to the formation of cracks on it. The joints of the ridge coating with the roof are covered, that is, they are waterproofed.

It is also important to remember the need to waterproof the valleys: each shingle that falls on the gutter is cut and secured to the other side of the gutter with nails or glue.

In most cases, such materials are fiberglass, which has a bituminous coating on both sides. If it is hot, dry weather outside, you can stick such material without using forced heating, which means that it is quite enough natural conditions(sun rays). But there are other circumstances, therefore, the question at what temperatures it is possible to lay a soft roof varies somewhat, although heating is the main condition.

Temperature features of laying bituminous tiles

First of all, it should be noted that soft roofing materials are of two types:

Roll.
Tiled.

Installation can only be carried out if the outside temperature is at least 5 °C. Although dry and hot weather is ideal, wet or rainy weather is unacceptable - the base must be dry. Such requirements are physical properties bitumen - if the temperature is below 5 ° C, it simply hardens and it is impossible to glue it.

If the lower limit is due to a temperature of 5 °C, there is no upper limit under natural weather conditions for shingles at all. For example, in the southern regions, the air temperature in the sun can be very high, and in Libya, a heat of 58 ° C was recorded in the shade. But such heat is not a hindrance, the main thing is that roofers can work at the same time.

But not every time it is possible to mount a soft roof in dry and sunny weather. If the sun does not help in gluing, bituminous mastic and a gas burner are used - forced heating of the material is performed. If there is an urgent need, laying with a gas burner is also done in frosty weather - when there are leaks or snow flies into the attic, you can’t reckon with the weather. But roofers usually try to avoid such options, which greatly affects the speed of the production process.

When laying bituminous tiles, the base plays an important role - most often: chipboard, OSB, plywood of the FSF brand or edged board. But for quality installation not enough positive temperature or even very hot weather. The fact is that wood has the ability to absorb moisture, which often accumulates during storage. Therefore, if the base is wet, then no heat and scorching sun will help to glue the soft roofing material.

Temperature features when laying the roof TECHNONICOL

Laying rolled roofing material of the TECHNONICOL type is somewhat different from identical work with bituminous tiles. Of course, you can use two methods for fixing:

Mechanical fastening (self-tapping screws, roofing nails, rails).
Welding on the base of the roof.

But in this case we are only interested in one possible variant- welding, in which it is necessary to resort to forced heating. However, the requirements for fixing roll materials are very similar to those for bituminous tiles and, above all, a dry base. There is one important advantage in the situation - the use of a gas burner allows you to dry out moisture immediately before installation, if the base, of course, is not wooden.

Fixation of TECHNONICOL type rolls by welding can be done only on molten bitumen, but no hot and sunny weather will help here. Here, to create the proper temperature, they usually use gas-burners as the most handy tool. It should be noted that this method is applicable only for flat roofs, and the reason for this is a completely natural physical dependence. The situation is explained by the banal runoff of bitumen from a sloping surface, and there is no way to simultaneously work with a burner and glue the roof.

But, despite the fact that heating is created artificially here, some restrictions on temperature regime still exist. The weather with air temperature from -5 °C to +25 °C is considered the most suitable. Starting from -6 °C and below, TECHNONICOL hardens strongly and its laying becomes simply impossible. But if the air warms up above 25 ° C, then the material becomes too soft, which also makes it extremely difficult to fix it. For these reasons, it is not recommended to store rolls in frost or in the open sun.

The ideal time for roofing with such material is spring, late summer and early autumn. The situation is considered when the air warms up from 6 °C to 20 °C, which is most convenient for production activities. But in those situations when the roll turned out to be frozen (the conditions for its storage were not observed), a building hair dryer is used to heat it. But TECHNONICOL softened in the sun can no longer be cooled and you need to wait for the right weather.

From this we can conclude that the temperature conditions for both rolled and tiled roofs are very similar, although there are some nuances. By following such instructions (they are usually given by the manufacturer), you can quickly and efficiently close your house.

The popularity of flexible tiles confidently relies on the traditional "three pillars" of low-rise construction. This is an attractive price, long-term coverage and extremely simple technology styling.

An important advantage is the ability to cope with the roof of the roof with my own hands. Only for an impeccable result of work, you need to know how bituminous tiles should be laid on the structure to be equipped, which should be taken into account during installation to form the perfect coating.

A flexible tile is one of the varieties of soft roofing, made according to the principle of rolled materials. In terms of technical and technological essence, this is a modified roofing material, improved in terms of strength, aesthetics, and wear resistance.

For ease of installation and the formation of a spectacular look, it is cut into elements with a figured outer edge. They call them shingles, shingles or tiles, they are laid by analogy with wooden roofs according to the fish scale principle.

In the manufacture of flexible tiles, the same technologies are used as in the production of rolled bitumen-polymer roofing options. Several important layers take part in its structure, these are:

Fiberglass. Serves as the basis of the specified roofing. It is fiberglass that provides high strength, resistance to chemical, atmospheric, mechanical, biological aggression.
Bitumen-polymer shell. It is welded from above and below onto fiberglass, directly forming the structure of the material and impeccable waterproofing protection. Oxidized and supplemented with polymeric components, bitumen has almost zero moisture absorption.
External mineral dressing. Processing with granulate from the front side of the roof gives the impression of an expensive natural stone or copper coating. The second role is to protect the outer surface of the material from the external negative that occurs during operation.

The back side of the shingle tiles is sprinkled with sand or covered with a polymer film so that during transportation and storage they do not deteriorate, sintering with each other. Before laying, the film or sand is removed in order to be glued to the base prepared for the roofing device.

Many companies are now engaged in the production of various brands of flexible tiles, including both foreign and domestic representatives. Each of the manufacturers strives to make their own contribution to the process, to create a product with unique properties and technological advantages.

In some, the back side is completely covered with a self-adhesive bituminous composition that adheres the tiles to the base and to each other, in others this substance is applied only in stripes. There are differences, but they are minor.

As a result of laying, the technology of which is not much different from all manufacturers, all types of material under the attacks of UV rays are sintered together into a continuous carpet and reliably glued to the base.

Benefits of using bituminous shingles

Piece flexible roofing is produced in the most extensive color, texture, and decorative variety. In the abundant assortment it is difficult not to find the material necessary for the design.

In addition to the above priorities, justified by manufacturing features, the pros and cons of shingles cut into tiles include:

Unlimited technological possibilities. Using this type of material, you can equip a roof of any architectural complexity, regardless of the chosen configuration and the size of the slopes. Tiles are easily mounted on bulbous domes, multifaceted tent structures.
Compatibility. The result of laying perfectly harmonizes with the exteriors of low-rise and high-rise buildings, made in any of the currently in demand architectural styles. Suitable for classics, and for antique styling, and for newfangled design trends.
Easy installation. Having familiarized yourself with the laying rules, the arrangement of the roof using bituminous tiles can be carried out independently. When contacting builders, it is not necessary to hire a large team; a couple of people can easily cope with the work.

It is impossible not to note the remarkable insulating qualities. Bituminous tiles, after sintering under the sun's rays, form a waterproof carpet that prevents all attempts of atmospheric water in any form to penetrate into the thickness of the roofing system. flexible roof ideally dampens external noise interference, not letting external sounds into the equipped housing.

Maintainability is rightfully considered a valuable advantage. If one or more adjacent shingles are damaged, it is not necessary to completely remove the roof and lay a new one, it is enough to replace the damaged part of the roof.

It is advisable to change the damaged area to a material with a similar color and quality, for which it is recommended to stock up on a pack of material from the same series from which the entire roof is composed. but appearance piece roofing allows some deviations in color, so it is acceptable to use a slightly different color.

Disadvantages of bituminous piece coating

No matter how hard roofing developers and manufacturers try, there is still no ideal option for roofing. Flexible shingles similarly have a number of disadvantages, including:

slope restrictions. The smallest angle of inclination of the slopes for possible laying is considered to be 12º. For flat structures, piece roofing is not suitable, because. before sintering, the tiles have many holes that can let water through. They can cause seepage and interfere with tile bonding.
The complexity of installation. Despite the simplicity of the technology, installation will still require much more time than when arranging a roof with large-sheet material, for example, profiled roofing sheet or metal tiles.
Incompatibility with conventional roofing material. It is unacceptable to use traditional roofing material as a waterproofing lining carpet, which is capable of “pulling” bituminous components from the roofing, which ultimately leads to destruction, and in some places to swelling of the roof.

In addition, the working life of a conventional roofing material is significantly less than its improved counterpart, from which flexible tiles are made. It is unreasonable to arrange a base for laying the coating, which will serve less.

Step by step laying technology

The stages of work on the construction of a roofing system with a flexible tile coating are carried out in a standard sequence for all types of roofing. First, the base is prepared, then the markup is carried out, the material selected for the arrangement is laid, additional elements are installed.

The same actions are performed when installing shingles, but there are some technological subtleties which we will now examine.

Step #1: Foundation Preparation Process

Flexible tiles are laid on a continuous crate constructed from edged or tongue-and-groove boards, moisture-resistant plywood marked FSF or OSB-3 boards. The material for the base device must be consistent in thickness, which is especially important if a board is used.

In the device of the crate, it is necessary to observe the technological gaps required to ensure the linear expansion of the material in case of moisture. Between the boards and plates leave "gaps" of 3-5 mm. The board is laid along the cornice outline, starting from the lower edge of the roof.

Plates are mounted so that the result resembles brickwork, i.e. there should be no cross joints. It is permissible not to leave gaps or reduce their size if the crate is installed in the summer. The thickness of the base for the flexible coating is selected depending on the pitch of the rafters.

A waterproofing carpet is laid along the crate, for the device of which it is necessary to take the material recommended by the manufacturer of the grade of bituminous tiles selected for laying. It has already been noted that the traditional roofing material is not suitable for these purposes. In addition, if it is used, the roof warranty will be voided.

To decorate and strengthen the roof perimeter, metal protection is installed in front of the waterproofing device, these are:

Cornice planks. Mounted in front of the waterproofing carpet. They are fixed to the crate, staggered every 10-15 cm. Galvanized fasteners with wide caps are used.
End planks. They are installed above the lining waterproofing along the edge of the gable overhangs. Attach them in the same way.

The standard length of the strips, as a rule, is not enough to install along the entire length. They are lengthened by simply applying the next similar element with an overlap on the previous 3-5 cm. Fasteners in this area are placed after 2 cm.

Stage #2: implementation of waterproofing works

Usually, manufacturers produce all the components for the roof device themselves, including waterproofing lining carpets. They are made from a mixture of bitumen with a polymer, but they are made thinner than the coating itself, and do not use granulate for sprinkling.

The specifics of the waterproofing lining device depends on the steepness of the structure, if:

Slope within 12-18º. They arrange continuous waterproofing protection with preliminary fastening of duplicate waterproofing in areas where the likelihood of leakage is greatest, which include all convex and concave corners of the structure, cornices, penetrations, gable overhangs.
Slope over 18º. Waterproofing protection is placed only on areas of possible leaks - those very curved and convex corners, i.e. in the valleys, along the hip and ridge ribs, along the cornices, along the gable overhangs and around the passages of communication pipes through the roof.

In the first case, a continuous waterproofing carpet is laid in horizontal stripes, starting from the cornice line. Before laying it, waterproofing of problem areas is reinforced with self-adhesive water-repellent material.

The waterproofing itself is laid horizontally, in longitudinal panels, so that each overlying sheet overlaps the previous one by 10 cm. As a result of this arrangement, moisture ingress into roofing system. In the longitudinal direction, the overlaps are 15 cm.

In the second case, the insulation is glued fragmentarily. Self-adhesive is laid along the cornices and the line of valleys roll material, along convex corners and along gable overhangs, it is permissible to use protection with less waterproofing properties, to stick a water-repellent lining on bituminous mastic.

At the intersection of sewer, ventilation, chimney pipes and other communications, a lining carpet measuring 1 × 1 meter is glued.

Stage # 3: marking the roof before laying

Marking is necessary to speed up the laying process, facilitate and systematize the work of the roofer. At this stage, it is most convenient to think over and adjust the roof, because. most often, there are still some deviations in the geometry of the equipped slopes both vertically and horizontally.

The markings are made with coated construction cord. The lines drawn with it are not a strict guideline for roofers, they only outline the general direction and do not allow them to stray from it when performing laying work.

Lines are "drawn" along and across the ridge ribs. The pitch of the longitudinal marking is equal to the width of the bituminous shingle. Horizontal guides beat off 5 standard rows, this is approximately 80 cm.

During marking, you should decide from what point the fastening of flexible tiles will begin. It all depends on the length of the slope, on the shape and size of the curly teeth of the outer edge of the bituminous tiles.

On slopes of impressive length, shingles are laid from the center. This makes it easier to align the row if there is a possibility of horizontal displacement of the piece roof. For the correct laying of bituminous tiles on short slopes, it is necessary to calculate in advance how many uncut elements will lie on the surface in order to reduce cutting.

Step #4: Installation of shingles

Consider the procedure for laying bituminous tiles using the example of working with Shinglas material, a product supplied to the market by TechnoNikol. In her assortment, materials varied in tone with symmetrical and asymmetrical external teeth.

Depending on the coating series, the tiles in their upper part are either glued to the mastic or attached with an adhesive back. In the second option, it is not necessary to use mastic for fixing ordinary tiles; it is enough to detach the protective polymer film and attach the shingle to the required place.

Each tile must be nailed. Ordinary tiles are fixed to the prepared base with roofing nails with wide caps that ensure reliable fastening of the flexible material. The number of fixation points depends on the steepness of the structure.

Nails are hammered clearly perpendicular to the base, deviations are unacceptable. They are placed at a distance of 2-3 cm from the edge. The serrations of the row laid over cover and mask the attachment points of the underlying tiles, thanks to which they are hidden from view and protected from rust.

Before proceeding with fixing the flexible tiles, the starting strip is laid. It is used in ready-made, specially produced for finishing cornices with skates, or they do it themselves by cutting off curly protrusions-petals from ordinary bituminous tiles.

The flexible shingle is laid with an offset in each subsequent row so that the overlying petal is just above the joints of the two underlying ones. It is necessary to shift, but there are no clear requirements for the selection of a pattern, the main thing is to close the fixation points.

Regardless of the features of the series, it is customary to lubricate the extreme tiles with bituminous mastic by a minimum of 10 cm. This is necessary to protect the roof from heavy rains.

Flexible tiles cover the entire surface of the slopes, not reaching the edge of the hip ribs and the ridge ridge by 0.5 cm.

Stage # 5: arrangement of valleys, junctions, ridge

Like any other type of coating, shingles require decorative and protective design. It will give aesthetic completeness to the roof, as well as protect its edges from the penetration of atmospheric phenomena dangerous for the roof.

The valleys are arranged open and in a closed way. According to the first, the tiles are simply laid on top of the waterproofing carpet laid in the groove as usual. However, the edge of the tiles falling into the valley is not fixed or nailed, not reaching the axis of the valley by about 30 cm.

After laying the flexible tiles completely on adjacent slopes, two parallel lines are beaten off with a coated cord, in accordance with which the excess coating is cut. The distance between the lines is from 5 to 15 cm, depending on the slope of the slopes. Narrow grooves are arranged on steep roofs, wide - on gently sloping structures.

According to the second method, tiles are first placed on a gentle slope, while they go onto an adjacent steep surface by about 30 cm. The upper corner of each laid tile is additionally fixed with nails.

After arranging the entire slope, the line of the upcoming undercut is beaten off with a coated cord. It is carried out at a distance of 7 cm from the axis of the groove. Flexible shingles on a steep slope are placed taking into account this line, cutting them in the process of fastening. To improve the fastening of cut tiles in places that do not have an adhesive back, they are smeared with mastic.

Connections are equipped using wooden lath, unraveled along the length along the diagonal. The size of its wall is 5 cm. The triangular rail is nailed along the junction line of the roof with the walls, with a ventilation shaft, with a brick pipe, etc.

Before arranging, brick surfaces are plastered and coated with a primer. After laying the slats, the waterproofing carpet is glued so that one edge of it extends at least 10 cm onto the vertical surface. The second edge is glued to the horizontal surface.

Metal strips are placed on top of the roof at the junctions, the upper shelf of which is buried in brick wall by about 1.5 cm. To do this, choose a strobe, and after inserting the plank into it, the entire space in this “groove” is filled with a sealant.

To equip the exit points of the antenna and ventilation pipes, specialized elements are produced that seal the passage. Their use greatly simplifies the work of the roofer and speeds up the procedure.

Arrangement of hip and ridge ridges is carried out using ridge-cornice elements, divided into three tiles along the perforation line. You can use ordinary tiles by cutting off the petals from it, and then also cutting it into three parts.

Before attaching the spinal trim, the outline of it is traditionally beaten off with coated cord. Tiles bent in half are laid on the side opposite to the prevailing winds in a particular area. Each previous one is superimposed on the next one. The overlap must be at least 5 cm.

As a result of fixing the back plates, their open part must be turned along the direction of the wind. So that the gusts do not “shaggy” the flexible tiles and, as it were, flow in his direction.

On the hip roofs first, convex corners are equipped, the tops of which are closed with a ridge assembled from the shingle. On roofs arranged in the manner described, ventilation is provided by the installation of aerators.

If it is planned to build ventilation through the ridge rib, then it is closed ridge aerator. Instead, two boards connected at an angle can be used, on top of which spinal tiles are attached.

A visual guide to the installation of flexible bituminous shingles will help you thoroughly understand the technology:

Bituminous coating deserves close attention of the owners of suburban property. It looks great, serves for a long time, reliably protects the roof structure. The information we offer will help you to carry out roofing work on your own and to control a team of hired builders.