Metal railings in the house. The stair railing is the finishing touch to the design. Self-installation of the handrail in the bathroom

In the production of stairs, it is impossible to ignore such important element structures like railings. This mandatory component of the stair railing performs several useful functions at once - it increases the safety and comfort of the system, and also gives the stair structure a finished aesthetic shape.

About what types of railings for stairs are the most popular today, as well as how to install them yourself, guided by the installation instructions, this article will tell further. Also presented to your attention great photos railings and a useful video on their own installation.

Handrails play an important role in the entire stair railing - they provide not only comfortable movement, but are also a decorative element of the stair structure.

Railings for stairs in the house - classification by type

The railing is an element of the stair railing, which is responsible for the convenience and safety of a person's movement along the flights of stairs. In addition, the handrails are also a stylish, spectacular decoration of the stepped structure itself.

Today in the construction market there is an incredible variety of ready-made railings for stairs in a private house.

When designing a stair railing, you need to know what are the main types of railings that exist in the construction of these systems. Today, the most popular among consumers are the following types of handrails:

The most popular and more commonly used by developers are wooden, metal and forged railings. Let's talk about these types in more detail.

Forged railings are very spectacular, but only a professional craftsman can make them.

metal

Very often in country houses you can find stairs with metal railings. They are placed on stepped structures made of various materials- concrete, metal, wood, plastic and so on.

Fences made of stainless light metal have a lot of advantages - they are convenient, comfortable and cheap in price.

For the manufacture of metal fencing, the following types of metal are used:

steel;
aluminum;
cast iron;
brass and others.

Aluminum, for example, is good because it is not afraid of corrosion, and is also easy to install.

Aluminum handrails can be easily made by hand with an aluminum profile and all the necessary tools

Forged

Forged railings are openwork, weightless and very beautiful. However, only those craftsmen who are familiar with blacksmithing can make them. Therefore, if you are dreaming of exactly this type of stair railing in your home, then you will have to contact a professional craftsman in order to order these magnificent products.

Openwork and fabulously beautiful forged railings will make the staircase in the house the center of everyone's attention.

Wooden

The most common material for stair railing at all times was wood. Such popularity is due to the mass of unconditional advantages of this material, including:

environmental Safety;
beautiful natural view;
ease of handling and installation;
economic price;
long service life.

Wooden railings are most popular among developers, as they are more comfortable and beautiful. natural material difficult to find

In addition, wooden railings are unusually comfortable and pleasant to the touch. It is this material that is most preferable for making a fence with your own hands. Therefore, later in the article we will consider step by step instructions for installing wooden railings on your home stairs.

The main components of the fence

Before you start installing the railing with your own hands, you need to have an idea of what these parts are and what constituent elements they include.

Only those who have certain carpentry skills can make wooden railings with their own hands, it is much more convenient to purchase ready-made products in the store

So handrails wooden stairs consist of:

two main support posts;
baluster;
handrails;
decorative elements.

The photo below shows a diagram of the fence with the image of its main components.

Before proceeding with the installation of the railing with your own hands, study this diagram showing all the components of the stair railing

Do-it-yourself railing installation instructions

The whole process of installing natural wood handrails consists of the following basic steps:

Railing calculation.
Preparation of material and equipment.
Installation.
Decoration.

Let's consider each of these points in more detail.

Even such magnificent railings can be made with your own hands, if you apply maximum patience and effort to this.

Design

At the very beginning of the work, you should clearly imagine what the railing of your stairs should be like. Then sketch your vision on paper. In this case, you can also use ready-made design drawings, which are very numerous on the Internet.

Sketch the fence before installing it or use a ready-made drawing

It is important to remember that the height of the fence for its comfortable operation should not be lower than 90 centimeters.

After that, you can safely go to the nearest construction supermarket for the necessary accessories for the railing.

For all the necessary fencing components, go to the nearest building market

It should be noted that it is not at all necessary to buy wooden blanks, and then cut out handrails from them. Today in the construction market you can find a huge variety of various finished products. You can simply choose the ones you like the most.

Another railing idea for your staircase that you can use when installing

Preparation of components and tools

For more efficient work, make sure that all the necessary components and tools are at your fingertips.

So, to install the railing you will need:

electric drill with drills;
jigsaw;
screwdriver;
hacksaw;
Screwdriver Set;
hammer;
chisel;
building level.

In addition to tools, you definitely need to stock up on wooden railing blanks.

Installation

This stage is the most time-consuming and responsible. Follow this step-by-step guide to do it:

1. On the ladder structure, take measurements and make marks on the places where you will have racks. At the same time, remember the basic requirements for the railing:

2. We proceed to the installation of two supporting racks, for which we use a drill in the treads to make recesses (pits) up to 1 cm.

When installing balusters, follow certain standard requirements, including that the distance between the products should be at least 15 cm

3. Between the installed racks we stretch a fishing line or a rope, focusing on the markings made for the balusters.

4. We proceed to the installation of the balusters themselves, setting them evenly using a level.

Balusters can be the most diverse in shape and style, you can choose the one you like in the hardware store

5. At this step, we mark the railing and make holes in them for attaching to the balusters.

6. We screw the railing to the balusters.

This figure shows the principle of attaching the railing to the ladder system

decoration

At this final stage, we eliminate all the burrs and roughness that have arisen during installation with sandpaper or a grinder. Then we cover the installed railings with varnish or paint with wood paint.

Be sure to complete the installation of the fence with decorative measures for the processing of handrails with varnish or paint

Video: do-it-yourself installation of a wooden handrail on a staircase

You can purchase beautiful and reliable stair structures with magnificent railings already installed in the Stairs Master online store at the lowest and most affordable prices in Moscow and the Moscow region.

Wood - basic construction material humanity from ancient times to the present. Of course, today there are many good synthetic analogues, but natural wood is preferred both for the base of structures and as finishing material with great texture. Wood railing manufacturing the best solution, not only for aesthetic reasons, but also due to the pliability of the material to all types of processing.

Railings - an important structural element of the stairs

In private housing construction, wood is suitable both for the manufacture of the staircase itself, and for independently constructing aesthetic and comfortable railings for it. At the same time, it is not so important what type of construction and general configuration the staircase has, the railing is needed in any case:

marching;
straight;
curved;
rotary;
screw;
curvilinear;
combined.

Any handrail is not only an important functional element for climbing / descending stairs, wooden railings are also endowed with an aesthetic component of the interior. They limit the space of the stairs during the ascent (descent), providing overall safety.

Railings are made from different materials, but when choosing the overall look of the stairs, it is very important how it will look against the background of the general style in the house. Today, stairs are often mounted directly into the wall or made of transparent plastic and glass. However, the feeling of general safety and reliability should come to the fore, and the designer's idea should give way established standards responsible for security.

Attention: The absence of limiters on the stairs is permissible only for small flights of stairs (marches), consisting of no more than 5 steps. Using ladders without handrails (limiters) can lead to an accidental fall and irreparable harm to health!

Basic requirements for wooden railings

Wooden handrails provide a complete look and remain the main support when using degrees. Given the characteristics of wood, it is important to ensure that the railing is sufficiently smooth, eliminating the possibility of injuring the palms. To do this, the wood is well sanded or sanded, varnished in 2-3 layers or painted with enamel, such as railings for stairs made of wood: photo.

In addition to the appearance of the stairs, general convenience is also important - the height of the handrails should be comfortable when moving up the stairs to hold people of average height by the handrails. A single standard is to make handrails no higher than 95-100 cm, measuring from the level of the step. Sometimes at the stairs they make an additional parallel bottom row - railings for children. Along the wall (another supporting vertical), also on the brackets, a railing for a wooden staircase is additionally fixed.

The railing of the stairs is very simple in design:

handrails (decorative or simple);
support posts (turned or simple balusters).

Decorative balusters are placed at a sufficient interval so that a child or adult cannot fall out through the holes in case of an awkward fall. Usually one support post per step is sufficient. But with a too gentle descent and wide steps, and also taking into account some design features designer stairs, railing posts are placed at a distance of 10-15 cm.

In addition, there are supporting and intermediate balusters, and the bases of the stairs are made on thicker supports than the secondary support on the railing. However, making railings for stairs too light is also not recommended - in any area, the handrails must withstand a sufficient horizontal load, of the order of 100-120 kg / m. The simplest railings are polished bars mounted on metal brackets along the wall. The number of balusters on a standard staircase usually corresponds to the number of steps.

Before you make a railing for a wooden staircase with your own hands, you should start:

with the study of basic building codes;
calculations of timber costs;
training necessary tool and woodworking machines;
creating a project, drawings or sketches;
calculations of the width of the step of the stairs and the location of the balusters on them (at the beginning of the step or in the middle).

The main elements of the support are best made from oak, maple or beech, which crack and dry out the least. Such a staircase will not creak even after many years if it is properly designed. Finishing details can be carved from ash, yew, rosewood, cherry or walnut. To emphasize the natural texture of the wood pattern, it is better not to paint the handrails, but to cover them with stain after polishing and varnish them.

Tip: Be sure to check the horizontal and vertical bars for timely adjustment, and if the level slides off the board, you can temporarily fix it with tape.

The main types of stairs

The appearance of the stairs cannot be designed in isolation from the general style decision of the house, since the staircase is always an important aesthetic component and even its business card. Stairs are classified:

external and internal;
house, service, landscape, architectural;
entrance, interfloor, checkpoints;
stationary, portable and transformable;
single-march and multi-march;
straight and rotary (for 2 or more spans).

Guests may not notice some paintings on the walls, but they will definitely remember the beautiful spiral or hanging glass staircase they climbed. Therefore, if the construction of a staircase is only in the plans, contact a competent architect for the development of a project who will offer the option that will organically fit into the design of the house. In addition, a specialist will help you choose the type of staircase design:

on bowstrings;
on stringers;
on the bolts, etc.

1. Stairs on the bolts or cantilever. This design looks spectacular because it does not have visible supports, and guests initially experience some anxiety when using the steps. In real life, the steps are very securely fixed to vertical plane, withstanding heavy loads. It occupies a minimum of space, but older people are reluctant to use it. It is important to ensure confidence when climbing and to confine the stairs with good railings.

2. The ladder on the stringers rests on the support beams, fixed in a special way. The design has been used for several centuries and has proven its reliability, it is made over a large area.

3. The ladder on the string looks elegant and light, it is often used as decoration in the interior, connecting the living room and the hall. It is somewhat reminiscent of a stretched rope ladder, but made of more durable materials.

4. Spiral stairs are used where there is no provision for climbing stairs along the walls, but connects the first floor with a hole in the center of the ceiling on the floor above. It occupies a minimum of space, but is not very convenient, since two people walking towards it will not miss each other. But its aesthetics are usually beyond doubt, and handrails are a must. The movement in a spiral determines the type of this construction.

Standard staircases in entrances or in private multi-storey buildings are single-flight, double-flight or multi-flight rotary type. A march is an inclined fragment of stairs with steps, connected by an interlevel platform. Staircases between marches make it possible to enter, turn around and go to the steps of other marches. Turning stairs there are:

bilateral;
rights;
left.

Also closed stairwells, semi-open fully open, not limited by handrails. Understanding the design features is not for the sake of remembering the names, but for choosing a suitable staircase configuration for your home, based on:

functionality (where it leads);
location in the house;
constructive design;
material of bearing supports (wood, metal, plastic, concrete goods).

Each type of stairs involves its own type of handrails or restrictive elements, as well as types of fastening. Therefore, professionals know where it is better to use:

hidden;
adhesive;
groove connection of structural elements.

On a narrow staircase up to 130 cm, the railing is usually done on one side. On wide stairs, where it is supposed to move towards at the same time, the handrails are made symmetrically with the same angle of inclination. This angle must correspond to the degree of inclination of the flight of stairs, that is, duplicate its geometry. The width of the handrails should not be large, that is, as comfortable as possible for palm coverage. At the beginning and at the end of the handrail, it is necessary to make roundings. All these subtleties should be reflected in preliminary calculations.

How to make a wooden stair railing

Installation of stairs with railings is a painstaking and time-consuming, but at the same time very exciting process. The simplest do-it-yourself wooden railing made of wood, with any type of staircase, is easiest to make on the basis of balusters. In modern construction supermarkets, various blanks or ready-made components for stair railings are sold, with which installation will be simplified. Turned balusters resembling skittles are considered the most beautiful.

The design of wooden railings is chosen based on the general tasks, the material used and the possibilities for woodworking.

1. To make simple wooden railings yourself, you need to cut 2 racks from the finished timber, preferably 100 x 75mm. These blanks are fixed on the outside of the bowstring, below and above the march. Immediately, the accuracy of the vertical racks is checked by a level.

The vertical mount is easiest to adjust with screws. Further along the line of attachment of the supports in the center of the flight of stairs, the 3rd rack is mounted from the timber - the rest of the handrails are displayed along them.

3 workpieces 150 x 40 mm are cut with a power tool. With a planer, you will need to process (round off) the edge, which will later become the basis of the handrail. These processed boards are fixed with an equal interval from each other, fixed on the back surface of the racks.

It is important to ensure that the supports are slightly higher than the handrail - by about 50 mm. After that, the central support is cut at the required handrail height, now their surface can be thoroughly sanded.

2. The most beautiful wooden railings - with decorative balusters, previously carved by a woodworking machine. In practice, many do not know how to make a railing from a tree of complex configuration. To make them, you need to have professional carpenter skills and good equipment.

However, you can use ready-made balusters, machined or purchased in advance. For such railings, the support consists of 3 parts. The trapezoidal base of the baluster, which acts as their support, is tightly mounted to the bowstrings with the help of spikes. They must have a groove in the upper base - for mounting the support post.

We fix the decorative part on the central support - formed with the help of a lathe and a well-polished head, with the help of spikes we seat it tightly in the grooves. We check all the elements with a careful fit before assembling the entire structure, after which we apply carpentry glue to the spiked joints. The parts to be glued must undergo an exposure, they must not be loaded earlier than after 1-2 days.

Medium decorative balusters, turned by a lathe, are assembled sequentially. The supports of the balusters are fastened with dowels to the bowstring, based on wood glue. The base of the supporting baluster is securely attached to the floor with anchors so that the edge of the stairs does not move under load.

We mount a rail with a groove corresponding to the size of the base of the intermediate baluster to the bowstring, fasten it with screws with sweat. Next, we fix the middle post of the support baluster in the same way. intermediate supports put the lower end into the grooves of the rail, after lubricating it with carpentry glue. The tops of each passing baluster are mounted in the corresponding groove on the prepared handrail.

Attention: All balusters are cut before installation at the same angle, corresponding to the slope of the stairs. Measuring their length, they take into account the correspondence of the dowels to the depth of the grooves - both at the base and at times of the handrails. On the first baluster, even before the final fastening with grooves, be sure to check the verticality of the balusters with a level. Having made all the marks, we make the final bevel at the required angle, then we use the fully finished staircase part as a stencil for the rest of the balusters.

Fastening intermediate balusters in order:

insert a bar of the desired shape and length into the groove of the lower bar greased with glue, check the interval between all intermediate balusters one by one;
we insert the required support into the groove of the handrail based on glue, if there are doubts about the reliability of fastening, you can additionally fix it with nails;
We insert the 1st baluster into the grooves prepared in the lower bar and handrail, and grease the edges with glue (you can also duplicate it with nails);
we install intermediate strips between the balusters and the handrail in the grooves of the rail, smearing it with glue, and the step between them should have an equal interval between the balusters;
in the same way we install each subsequent part;
fastening the handrail to the support post is done on a metal corner, screwing it with nuts;
it is important to beautifully process the rounding at the ends of the handrails;
once the adhesive has set, the handrails will be strong enough for everyday use.

Attention: In the lower support under the handrail, make a window for fastening the nut with a washer, and after installation, close it with a wooden washer. Polish the junction of the handrail parts well. The handrail can also be ordered in the carpentry of any configuration that the cutter will provide.

Handrails or handrails for stairs country house can be made from different materials. However, for the reliability of the resulting design, their main characteristics must be taken into account.

Handrails or railings for the stairs of a country house can be made of different materials.

Different types railings differ not only in external characteristics, but also in performance. Railing structures are original decoration, and also carry a certain functional load.

Characteristics of wooden railings for stairs

Wooden railings are still very popular due to their naturalness and environmental friendliness. As a rule, such fences are mounted in private households and on the street, when arranging the porch. The benefits also include an attractive appearance, sufficient resistance to damage and rich color scheme. The main and only drawback is the need to systematically update the lacquer coating.

Wooden railings are still very popular due to their naturalness and environmental friendliness.

Reliable metal stair railings

Iron structures are durable and reliable. Many domestic consumers prefer to make railings from light metals, represented by aluminum or stainless steel. Qualitatively and correctly made metal staircase handrail is characterized by:

long service life, reaching fifty years;
external presentability and a prestigious, modern look;
simple service;
no need to stain;
democratic value;
rust resistance.

The main disadvantage of such structures is the average resistance to significant mechanical impacts. Among other things, the mount can become loose during long-term operation.

Budget plastic railings

Quite budgetary plastic models that are optimally suited for both outdoor use and home installation look very original and unusual. This option has increased resistance to negative weather phenomena, easily withstands temperature changes and high humidity and also characterized by durability and ease of maintenance. The variety of shapes and sizes, as well as the richness of colors and shades, allows you to choose the most suitable design for the surrounding interior.

Types of stairs for a country house (video)

Criteria for choosing railings and railings for the stairs of a private house

For stairs with a height of more than half a meter, handrails or other protective elements of the fences are mandatory, which will prevent the user from falling from the open side. In a private household, it is allowed to install small stairs, no more than a meter high, which are not equipped with balustrades.

If the structures are securely fastened, and also adjacent to the wall on one or both sides, then it is enough to install simple handrails. , as well as being built using a special technology in rooms where small children, people of retirement age and people with disabilities live. handicapped. If the width of the stairs exceeds one and a half meters, then the handrails must be installed on both sides.

The safest is a fence height of 0.9 m, and if the standard distance between flights of stairs is 20 cm or more, it is necessary to focus on a fence height of a meter or more. Handrails must be located with a minimum distance of 50 mm from the walls.

The main requirements for such products are sufficient reliability and stability, as well as durable filling. For safety reasons, it is best to give preference to full filling or installation of products in the form of frequent posts.

Handrail for stairs with an unusual design

Individual and original decor of modern staircase designs can be developed independently or custom-made by experienced designers.

Original handrail options for stairs

Stair railings can have an unusual and very original design, including polycarbonate structures with handrails made from ordinary tree branches. Thick rope or rope handrails fit perfectly into the design of suburban households, if the interior is presented in a marine or urban style.

The following original options are especially popular:

Madrone Sar Nandrail in the form of a continuous line based on light wood and with contrast brackets;
metal clamps made of metal, neatly supporting a straight and smooth oak beam;
a combination of metal chrome and glass sheet with a wooden border;
alternation of horizontal or vertical wooden and metal lines;
installed in parallel steel pipes with smooth bends in the corners;
metal handrails combined with Art Deco horizontal stripes.

Metals belong to the category of sufficiently ductile materials, which makes it possible to diversify traditional design artistic elements in the form of a floral ornament or geometric shapes.

Stair railings can have an unusual and very original design.

Illuminated stair railing

LED elements look especially advantageous against dark walls. Most often, electrical power is supplied directly to the supports. The most popular and widely used designs are:

stainless railings and railings with lighting. Illuminated basic models are made of polished and brushed steel, often with a satin finish. Built-in LED strip lighting is interrupted at corners and power consumption is 4.8 W/m. At the end, a special stainless steel plug is installed;
protections on a bearing glass with the established illumination. The basic models are based on clear glass with euro edges and stainless steel of various grades with a mirror, brushed or brushed surface. V basic models an LED LED strip with a power not higher than 4.8 W / m is used. Diffused white or colored illumination is located inside the carrier profile or at the bottom of the product;
stainless railings and railings with glass and installed lighting. Tubular basic models are fixed on special remote holders, and the filling consists of 0.6 cm tempered glass, which is fixed on molded clamp holders. The built-in backlight is represented by an LED strip, interrupted at the corners. The power consumption does not exceed 4.8 W/m. The end of the handrail is a special decorative plug.

V last years when arranging stair structures, wall handrails with LED illumination with a power of 4.8 W / m are increasingly used. The handrail itself and fittings in the basic models are made using polished super mirror stainless grooved pipes.

In recent years, when arranging stair structures, wall handrails with LED illumination with a power of 4.8 W / m are increasingly used.

Beautiful wrought iron stair railings

Less in demand among a wide range of domestic consumers are exclusive and rather expensive forged products. All designs made by cold forging are characterized by "twisting" metal rods into bizarre and openwork shapes, most often used on outdoor stairs and porch railings. Hot forging is used to create products with a unique, rather complex shape.

As a rule, the most expensive products, made according to individual sketches and to order, are installed in private households, multi-storey cottages or in very prestigious hotel complexes. increased attention to forged railings and stair elements is quite natural and is explained not only by the rich appearance, but also by a number of other advantages, including:

high resistance to adverse external influences. High-quality forged products perfectly tolerate temperature changes, do not change their original characteristics under the influence of rain, snow and mechanical damage;
guaranteed long service life. Forged products made in compliance with the technology can be used without problems for a century, and sometimes more;
individual style and original design, due to the peculiarities of manufacturing technology.

The only, but very tangible disadvantage of forged products, today is the cost of the work performed, and, accordingly, the finished handrails themselves.

Gallery: railings for the stairs of a country house (56 photos)

A variety of decorative railings for stairs

Fencing can be represented by handrails, balusters, posts and other barriers designed to safe operation ladder structure and acting as a support for comfortable movement. Among other things, such elements perform decorative functions and are an original addition to the design of the room.

very advantageous in modern interior glass or mosaic sheets installed in the middle of the fence look like filling, which are most often fixed with special holders of different sizes and shapes. Despite the apparent fragility, Such products have a number of advantages, presented:

ease of installation;
a variety of types, including models with increased frost resistance, fire resistance, excellent soundproofing and explosion resistance, as well as bulletproof qualities;
long service life exceeding half a century;
ease of dismantling and ease of local replacement of a damaged element.

The main, most tangible disadvantages of exclusive glass models are the high cost of the finished product, as well as the complexity of maintenance.

How to install a railing with your own hands (video)

Instructions for making handrails for wooden stairs with your own hands

As a rule, only hardwoods are used for manufacturing, or some expensive varieties, represented by beech, oak, ash, merbau, teak and iroko. There are many different types of fences:

the use of bars with different sections, as well as a combination of square, rectangular and round elements;
filling with thin bars located in different directions or in the “crosswise” position;
the arrangement of elements with different steps, but not violating the overall stability of the entire structure;
the use of curly elements, balusters or supports with various curvilinear shapes.

Allowed independent construction structures made of soft hardwood, but in this case it must be remembered that such a product can give significant shrinkage.

For the manufacture of stairs and railings, only hardwood is used.

How should the railing of the stairs of a country house be strengthened

If a wooden country house is mounted staircase design, then a special base beam must be made and installed under it. Free handrails, placed above the free stair bowstring, fix flat and rod structural elements. Installation is carried out using dowels, special adhesives and trunnions.

On the initial stage it is required to install extreme racks that serve as the basis of the structure. A guide marking lacing is fixed on the racks, according to which the handrail is installed and fixed. Then the distance between the installed balusters is marked, and the elements are attached to the steps or the bowstring. For fixing balusters, galvanized self-tapping screws are most often used, planted on an adhesive.

How to assemble a staircase from wooden elements (video)

Stairs made of materials other than wood require special attention. It is important to note that, in accordance with SNiP, when tightening parts of metal fences, only the hot welding method can be used, by means of metal plates specially built into the concrete base.

Attention, only TODAY!

Railings are elements of the protective structure on the stairs. Handrails provide safety of movement at descent or rise on a ladder. Railings are distinguished by the variability of shapes and materials. Some designs are simple in appearance, safe and convenient. Some can become a real designer decoration, especially if the staircase is located indoors.

You can make railings for stairs from various materials: metal, wood, concrete, plastic. With your own hands, it is easiest to make barrage structures made of metal and wood. In the article you can find detailed information on how to choose the right material, process it and make beautiful and reliable stair railings.

The height of the protective structure must be at least 90 cm.

Handrails should be smooth and not too wide.

On narrow stairs, one side adjacent to the wall, one span of the fence is installed. If the flight of stairs is wide, it is recommended to install two protective structures.

If a steep or high staircase is installed in a house where there are small children, it is preferable to mount an additional low railing that the child can comfortably hold on to.

The distance between the balusters should be such that the child could not climb through the opening. Optimal -15-20 cm.

Handrails. This is the top bar located above the railing structure. It is for the handrails that people hold on when they go down. Handrails should be smooth, monolithic, so that it is comfortable to hold on to them.

Balusters. These are racks that are attached to steps or a bowstring (bearing element at an angle, located on the edge of the stairs). Balusters are attached to the structure through a certain length.

Cabinet. This is the end powerful rack, located at the end of the stairs. Handrails are attached to the cabinet.

Material selection

Aluminum. It is quite difficult to make a structure from this metal with your own hands. Most often, various fasteners and fencing elements are sold in ready-made. Assembling the railing with your own hands from a set of parts is quite simple, the main thing is to choose a design and calculate the number of required parts. The material itself does not have high performance and properties, bends upon impact, scratches, fades, becomes covered with corrosion spots.

Chrome railings are also sold ready-made, the main thing is to correctly calculate and purchase all the necessary elements. The disadvantage of chrome parts is the rapid abrasion of the coating, especially if the stairs are located in crowded places.

Forged fences. Hot forging is predominantly factory work, it is very difficult to make hot forging fencing elements at home. Cold forging is a more doable job, with special tools you can make a railing with your own hands. Pluses - the multivariability of the design of the fence, cons - the rather high cost of the material, a special tool, the complexity of the technical process.

Stainless steel. The metal has a luster that does not tarnish. Railings for stainless steel stairs are strong, reliable, but for their construction by one's own hands, the skills of a welder and a metal carver are required.

Video - Installation of stainless steel fencing

Toolkit and material

Welding machine, pack of electrodes, access to electricity, protective suit and mask.

Angle grinder with wheels for cutting and polishing metal.

Place for welding.

Metal profile and rolled metal products. It is desirable that the profile has a small cross section, so it is easier to cut it.

Work order

First of all, the height of the railing and the distance between the balusters are determined. On the uppermost step, as well as on the lower one, pedestals are installed - elements that fix the entire structure of the fence. Pedestals should be thicker in diameter than balusters.

The height of the fence is calculated. The standard is 95 cm. But the railing frame should be raised 10 cm above the steps. It is also worth considering 5 cm per handrail. In total, 15 cm is subtracted from 95 cm and it turns out 80 cm. It is for this size that the metal profile is cut into pedestals and balusters.

If the frame length is 3 meters, then the transverse upper and lower profile, on which the balusters are attached between the pedestals, should also be cut into 3 meter elements.

Frame welding. A frame is laid out from the cut profile and slightly tacked by welding. You do not need to immediately tightly weld the elements; in case of marriage or skew, you will have to do extra work. The welded frame is reinforced: after 10 cm, balusters are welded. It is worth considering that the extreme pedestals should be at least twice as thick as the internal metal vertical lintels.

If the design fully complies with the standard and does not have distortions, you can proceed to finish welding of all elements. It is recommended to weld the seams on both sides so that the fence is as strong as possible.

After the frame is ready, columns with round or square plates with a height of 10 cm must be welded to the lower profile. Holes are drilled in the plates for fastening to the steps.

Refinement of the appearance of the structure

For this purpose, you need an angle grinder with a cleaning wheel. It is necessary to carefully polish all the remnants of welding: drops, growths.

Experts recommend giving a homemade product a beautiful and unusual view using purchased forged elements. Specialty stores offer a variety of forged accessories that can be welded to the frame lathing: a climbing vine with leaves, flowers, an ornament.

You also need to consider the type of handrails. Most often they are made from wood. Wooden blanks are rounded on three sides and carefully polished.

The first layer is a primer that will protect against corrosion. Then you need paint on metal. The color depends on individual preference, but black is most commonly used. Designers recommend giving chic to a homemade fence. For this purpose, patina is used - a material that gives the metal an old and noble look. Do-it-yourself metal railings are ready.

The choice of wood for construction

Pine. This material is quite affordable and is very often used in construction. Pine is soft, its wood has an uneven structure, due to which, when painting, the covering material is absorbed with different intensity. Works well, withstands changes in temperature and humidity.

Birch. Dense and durable material, practically without knots. Well processed, polished. But, wood has a number of disadvantages: it is prone to decay, it cracks when temperature and humidity change.

Beech. By physical characteristics this wood is in no way inferior to oak. But, overdrying the beech is not recommended. A layer of wood at low humidity breaks along the fibers, which leads to damage to the elements.

As in metal structures, handrails, balusters and cabinets are distinguished in wooden structures. But, in wood products, balusters are not only a supporting element, but also a decoration of the structure. Most often they are made of glued laminated timber and are machined in the form of columns of various shapes.

Milling of balusters consists in cutting helical patterns on the surface of the elements.

When turning on the elements, you can see several combined geometric shapes: balls, squares, rectangles, etc.

Video - Do-it-yourself railing for stairs. Installation of curly balusters and handrail installation

Hand-cut balusters are a true work of art. Patterns, ornaments and much more are carved on the surface of the parts. Some wood carvers make these elements in the form of animal figures.

Flat balusters are boards on which patterns are cut. This is the easiest way to decorate stairs with your own hands.

As described above, the standard and safe height of the structure must be at least 95 cm. The width of the handrail is 5 cm, the distance between the steps and the fence is 10 cm. As a result, the height of the balusters is 80 cm. 15 cm, 30-35 mm thick.

To create a carved and beautiful fence, the planks need to be shaped. Specialists who have mastered the lathe can cut out the thread on the ends of the board with the help of equipment. If the machine is not available, then a hand-held power tool, for example, a jigsaw, is used.

To do this, on paper or cardboard, you need to draw a template that has real dimensions. Then, using a pencil, circle the template on each board and cut out the shape according to the marks. After all the balusters have acquired the desired shape, it is necessary to carefully process the ends, clean them with fine-grained sandpaper and polish to a shine.

Flat balusters, unlike wooden curly posts, are not recommended to be attached to the steps. The fence will be unreliable and shaky. Elements must be mounted on a transverse beam, which is located 10 cm above the bowstring. It turns out that the handrail, the lower beam and the upper and lower pedestals form a frame into which you want to insert flat balusters.

You need to fasten the crossbars after 15 cm, but no more. Two types of connection can be used - in grooves and on metal studs. If the balusters will be inserted into the grooves, then on the lower part of the handrail and on the upper end of the transverse beam, grooves must be machined, 2 cm deep. The length of the recess should be equal to the width of the baluster.

Do not forget about the slope of the stairs. It is worth knowing that the lower ends of the balusters should be even, but the upper ones should be cut at the angle of the stairs. It is on the cut ends that the handrail will be attached.

Balusters are attached to metal studs if it is not possible to mount a transverse beam. In this case, there will be no gap of 10 cm between the cross beam and the steps. The height of the balusters in this case should be 90 cm. The baluster is attached to the step with one pin, in the process of work it is important to attach the element evenly, without distortions. For these purposes, you can use the angle.

After all the protective elements are attached to the steps, you can mount the handrail. For it, a bar is used, which is rounded on three sides and carefully polished.

The last step in creating a wooden railing for a staircase is finishing. For this you can use acrylic paints, varnish, stain.

A beautiful staircase with your own hands is ready.

A mandatory attribute of any flight of stairs are fences and railings. They appeared in antiquity, and today they are used literally everywhere. However, proper selection of railings requires certain skills and knowledge, since they must also differ for different buildings.

Peculiarities

The question of how the staircase will look like and what it will be built from should be decided at the design stage. It is extremely important to choose the optimal material, design and shape of the future structure, which should be safe, functional and stylish.

To date, there are several main types of ladder structures:

marching flights;
straight stairs;
curved designs;
turning stairs;
screw devices;
curvilinear;
combined.

When designing stairs, there are several basic requirements:

Every 9-10 steps, it is desirable to equip small areas where you can relax and catch your breath.
The minimum width of the steps should be 80 cm - it is optimal if 2 people diverge freely on one step.
Comfortable for lifting the height of the steps is considered to be 15-20 cm, and it is better to build a depth within 25-30 cm.
Landings must necessarily be wider than the flight of stairs.

The entire structure as a whole should be tilted by a maximum of 45 degrees, and it is better if this parameter is in the range of 25-30 degrees, otherwise the movement will be unsafe.
Steps and other elements of the stairs must be combustible, for this the materials used must be treated with special flame retardants.
The angle of elevation is steeper, the smaller the area allotted for the construction of the stairs. If the space is very small, then the staircase will be spiral with a large number of turns and bends - this option is often resorted to for arranging a country house.

Handrails are an essential element of any staircase. They perform very important functions - they make the descent / ascent comfortable and safe and are stylish element design, which favorably emphasizes the general design solution interior and exterior.

Many people think that such barriers are required only for the elderly, sick people and families with children, since it is these categories of users who have the greatest stability problems. And this is a fundamentally wrong approach - even an adult needs a sense of security, which is why the railing must be mounted on all types of stairs without exception, so that any person, even an adult and absolutely healthy, can grab onto them in case of an unforeseen situation.

In addition to providing convenience, railings perform an aesthetic function. They can be dark or light, with or without carvings, angular, rounded, wood, glass or forged. Railings can be mounted on the steps, or they can be built into the walls - such a variety allows you to realize any design ideas and emphasize the conceptual style.

From a technical point of view, railings are vertical structures that are attached along the edge of the flight of stairs. They include several basic elements:

The base of the fence, its supports- This is the so-called baluster. It connects the steps to the handrail and ensures safe movement throughout the structure.
Fence filler- these are materials that are attached between the balusters. They can perform a decorative function, but where children constantly descend and rise, such barriers are required.
handrails- serve as a support device for a person. As a rule, they are attached to the wall or to the baluster.

In addition, all types of placeholders have their own classification. So, according to the embodiment, they can be:

classic- that is, those that consist of vertically arranged or inclined bars, most often they are called curly;
solid- very often, to ensure greater safety and prevent falls, solid panels are mounted that are attached to balusters;
crossbar- this is a design in which vertical strips are bridged with each other by horizontal ones;
patterned- this is an artistic filling that can look like anything in accordance with the individual design of the user.

Fencing and opening elements can be combined to create stylish and effective combinations. In rare cases, balusters are replaced with a bowstring - this horizontal railings, which are mounted under the handrails parallel to the movement of a person. Some railings have a cap, which is also called a pedestal - this is a part that is installed at the beginning and end of a flight of stairs instead of balusters. This is a purely decorative design that has no practical functionality.

Today, the market offers a variety of ready-made prefabricated models. However, if desired, everyone can do it themselves or order professionals to have their own "exclusive" staircase.

Norms and standards

Stair railings are used for maximum safety when moving, they act as a guardrail and reduce the risk of injury. Designers sometimes install models without railings, which, of course, look very interesting, but using such a design is a little uncomfortable. There are certain standards that regulate the dimensions of the railing. Their height should be determined individually based on the growth of the inhabitants of the house.

To make the structure as comfortable as possible, you can conduct an empirical experiment - going down the stairs, you need to stretch your hand forward and measure the distance from it to the foot - this size will be the optimal railing height for you.

Traditionally, the minimum height of the handrail is 90 cm, and the largest is 110 cm. If there are children in the family, then it makes sense to make 2 types of handrails located on different height. Their standards apply to children's institutions: for schools and other places where children are, it is recommended to mount double fences at a height of 90 and 50 cm.

As for the width, they are usually produced in sizes from 3 to 7 cm - they must be such that they can be freely grabbed and held on to. The distance between the balusters is determined by the artistic intent of the owners of the building, however, experts do not recommend taking a step of more than 0.5 m in length.

Designers give a few simple recommendations for arranging railing structural elements:

The number of balusters should be dictated by the dimensions of the handrail. If flexible or heavy materials are used, the number of supports must be such that there is no sagging of the profile or excessive overloading of the supports.
In the classic version, balusters are mounted on each step, and sometimes even several supports per step. If there are small children in the house, as well as in children's institutions, the distance between them should not exceed 15 cm - this will protect the kids from the risk of falling out.

If the width of the flight of stairs exceeds one meter, then it is recommended to install a railing on both sides.
Wooden railings are equipped only in residential premises.
In office buildings, it is recommended to install a bowstring instead of balusters.
When arranging a shopping complex, at least three railing crossbars should be used.

fences

As already mentioned, there are a lot of railing options for arranging stairs. Great variety is achieved through the use of different materials, colors and mounting options. Therefore, it is worth dwelling separately on the existing types of stair railings.

We note right away that all the indicated options largely depend on the location of the flight of stairs. There are the following types of railings:

Interior- that is, those that are located indoors. As a rule, they are decorated in light shades, and the base material is glass or wood.
exterior- these are stairs that are located outside the living quarters, for example, on the porch. In this case, dark colors prevail, and metal and loaf are used as the material.

The shape of the railing depends on the location of the span, in addition, the material of manufacture has a great influence on it. So, a tree is more often used to implement ideas. classic design- balusters in the form of straight columns are quite massive, the handrail has rounded edges. Metal railings have a miniature handrail, but the balusters are richly decorated decorative elements, but glass products are distinguished by a strict laconic design.

Tree

Despite the abundance of materials on the market, the popularity of wooden railings does not subside, and this is easily explained - consumers always strive for maximum naturalness and environmental friendliness of their homes. They have a stylish appearance and attractive texture, are characterized by resistance to mechanical damage, easily tolerate all types of negative external influences. This largely explains the fact that wooden railings are widely used for arranging facade elements.

In addition, various types of wood in different price segments are widely represented in stores, so everyone can buy raw materials based on their financial capabilities. Usually, more expensive types of wood are used inside the house, and budget options are preferred outside.

Metal

Railings made of stainless steel or aluminum are widespread, nickel-plated and brass are slightly less popular. The peak of their popularity was at the beginning of our century, when they were installed everywhere in large shopping and office complexes and business centers. Interest in such railings has not faded even today, this is due to the exceptionally high performance characteristics of such structures:

Long term use. Metal railings can last at least 50 years.
Aesthetics– giving the design a stylish and modern look.
Ease of maintenance- metal products do not need regular tinting and varnishing, they do not need to be treated with protective compounds and flame retardants. All that is needed to care for them is only to wash periodically with plain water.
Corrosion resistance. Stainless steel, like aluminum, is resistant to rust, thanks to this property they can be mounted both inside the building and outside. If we talk about stainless steel railings, then another advantage will be their affordable price, which is much lower than analogues made of glass or forging.

As for the minuses, it is the only one - after a long time of use, the resistance of the material to mechanical damage decreases and numerous scratches and chips appear on the surface of the railing, and the points of their fastening often become loose. However, this does not apply to aluminum railings - they retain strength and strength for many years.

More expensive but quality option are forged railings. When choosing such a material, the leading factor is the exceptional grace of such products and beauty.

Forged stair railings are manufactured using several technologies:

cold forging allows you to create products of the simplest form by twisting rods. This is generally preferred for porch railings and other types of outdoor stairs.
hot forging takes longer, but the products at the same time turn out to be the most intricate and ornate. Using the hot method, you can create the most complex structures, which are often installed in large comfortable cottages or hotels.

The advantages of forged railings are not in doubt, among them:

resistance to external adverse influences– forged railings perfectly tolerate temperature fluctuations, rain, hail and snow, and also show resistance to mechanical damage;
long service life- fences can serve faithfully up to 100 years;
exceptional design- the technology of manufacturing forged products allows you to equip the railing according to any individual sketches, such a product is always exclusive.

The disadvantage of forged railings is only one - they are very expensive.

Glass

A stylish and modern solution for those who prefer minimalism in the interior. Despite the external fragility, these beautiful railings have a large number of advantages:

simplicity and high speed of installation- railings and handrails can be installed in a couple of days, and the installation process itself is not difficult and high-tech;
a large selection of different design options- soundproof, explosion-resistant and frost-resistant models, as well as fireproof and bulletproof modifications are widely represented on the market;
durability– glass railings can be used for 50 years;
simple dismantling- in the event of deformation, any section can be replaced without the need to change the entire fence as a whole.

Such railings are not without drawbacks. These include the complexity of maintenance and the high cost of such products.

Plastic

Polymer composite railings are made of very hard plastics and WPC, fixed on a special mount. The advantage of polymers is their price. The cost of plastic railings is an order of magnitude lower than all other options for arranging stairs. However, the advantages of plastic do not end there. This material is easy to care for, it is easy to clean and wipe, does not require regular treatment with varnishes, paints and flame retardants.

The material is resistant to weak damage, but any strong impact can damage them. However, this statement applies to most materials.

Concrete

Concrete railings, like the stone version, are rarely used, since such structures are quite heavy, and if we talk about stone, they are still very expensive. At the same time, their strength and strength are exceptionally high, which is why their main scope is the arrangement of flights of stairs and a porch.

They are not afraid of any adverse atmospheric effects, but they look more than presentable, emphasize the style of the exterior, as well as the status of the owner of the building.

Stone balusters are also very popular. Depending on the features of their manufacture, there are:

carved balusters- usually made by hand, therefore, as a rule, they are distinguished by the sophistication of shapes and a variety of patterns;
point - the most common type, characterized by roundness of shapes and a varied distribution of thickenings, it is easy to recognize them - the horizontal section of the point supports has the shape of a circle;
hewn- such columns have pronounced even edges, their shape is rather angular, and the horizontal section resembles a polygon.

As for materials, marble, Dagestan or artificial stone, as well as granite are used to equip the railing. The latter gives the most durable supports, since this stone is one of the hardest rocks. Stone railings look very attractive, they emphasize luxury and nobility. interior design premises, however, create an additional load on the flights of stairs. This must be taken into account when designing stairs.

Stone supports go well with board stairs or metal steps. Such combinations favorably refresh the design and give the room a more residential and comfortable look.

Upper support elements

Any railing must necessarily be equipped with "tops" - handrails, otherwise their use will be unsafe. There are a variety of options for the execution of the upper supporting elements of the railing.

In form and material

If we talk about the form, then the handrails can be presented in the most various options: round, rectangular, square, oval, angled or rounded. Depending on the purpose of the stairs, you can choose the most advantageous material for its production. So, for a porch, forged or chrome-plated profiles, as well as stainless steel options, are most preferable.

PVC handrails are similar in performance to metal ones, but outwardly they look more like wooden elements. Their main advantage is high plasticity, which allows you to give the handrails any shape when exposed to warm air (for example, when heated with a building hair dryer). Another advantage is low cost.

For many years, handrails made of wood have remained at the peak of popularity. This unflagging interest is largely due to the special atmosphere of comfort that wooden elements bring to any home. Sometimes the quality of their workmanship is so exceptional that the handrails can even be called a work of art.

At the point of attachment

Depending on the type of fastening, there are two main types of handrails:

over the string;
handrails with load-bearing function.

As a rule, handrails are mounted to balusters using anchors and self-tapping screws, as well as by welding - this depends on the material used. The handrails are fastened to the wall along the line of the stairs using special cast brackets that can wrap around the bar anywhere or from the end.

Non-standard solutions

To create an individual design and maintain an atmosphere of coziness and comfort in country houses, unconventional handrails are often installed from improvised means. Slightly rough handrails made of raw logs look very aesthetically pleasing and stylish. Such an element can place the necessary accents in the room and emphasize the thoughtfulness of its interior.

Handrails made of branches in combination with polycarbonate look rather non-trivial - this allows you to implement the principles of minimalism in the design of the premises. But for admirers of the marine theme, we can recommend options from a rope or a thickened rope that will look harmonious both in the house and in the country.

An increasing number of homeowners prefer original handrails. Among the most popular options:

handrails made of light wood in the form of a continuous line;
straight oak timber, which is fastened with metal clamps;
a combination of glass and chrome sheets with a wooden edging;
uniform alternation of vertical and horizontal lines - as a rule, this option is used for wooden or metal structures;
steel pipes fixed parallel to each other with curved bending sections.

Against the backdrop of dark walls, illuminated railings look rather unusual, while power is supplied directly to the handrails.

The most common designs:

stainless steel railings and illuminated handrails. It is built into the handrail in the form of an LED strip, it “breaks through” at the corners, and a brass plug is fixed at the end.
Protections from glass with an euroedge. Here the LED strip is located inside the main profile. In the basic versions, the LED has a power of no more than 4.8 W / m and has a diffuse white or color shade.
Tubular lighting options. In this case, special remote holders are used, on which the LED strip is attached. Power consumption also corresponds to 4.8 W/m, and a rivet is attached to the end.
Wall handrails- at the same time, both the handrail itself and the fittings are attached using mirror grooved stainless steel pipes.

Installation

If the railings are installed by hand, then most often they use wooden structures. This is due to the fact that wood is quite easy to process, and the tools that are needed for this are in the arsenal of any home craftsman.

The first step is to draw up a drawing of the future staircase, and only then proceed with its installation. Consider the scheme of work:

To begin with, end pedestals are mounted - they are installed at the top and bottom of the stairs. If she has two or more marches,
then the pedestals are fixed at each turn.
A fishing line is stretched between the pedestals - it indicates where the railing will be located and what the basic position of the handrails will be.

In places where the supports will be located, markup is applied. As already mentioned, the distance between the supports can be very different, but, as a rule, it is 15-20 cm, and if children constantly live or often visit the house, then it should be even less. Please note that balusters are installed 5-10 cm from the edge of the step.
To achieve greater reliability of fixation, they are attached directly to the stairs and bowstrings: to the first horizontally, and to the second - at right angles. To increase the strength characteristics of the fastening, it is recommended to additionally use a mounting adhesive.

At the finishing stage, handrails are installed on the balusters. To make the process go faster, the grooves should first be cleaned of dirt and remove all dust, this will achieve complete smoothness.
The work is completed with varnishing, with the help of which it is possible to achieve not only increased aesthetics of the structure, but also additional protection of wood. This stage should be given special attention.

Among the majority of owners of private houses there is an opinion that wooden surfaces of all types are always processed in the same way. This approach is erroneous, since the reaction of wood of different species to the same paintwork can vary greatly. For example, it is desirable to varnish light varieties, such as pine, with light coatings, and if it is impregnated with a dark stain, the result can be the most unpredictable, and most often the composition is absorbed into the structure of the tree unevenly and completely destroys its natural texture.

This is explained by the presence a large number resin in pine, it accumulates in the material inhomogeneously, and therefore the areas with the highest resin content absorb stain better, giving the material a rich dark color. At the same time, areas with a small concentration of resins remain light, creating a rather unaesthetic visual effect.

To impregnate wood, you should use such varnishes and paints that favorably shade the structure of the tree, emphasize its interesting pattern, but in no case hide it.