How best to do the floor in the attic. The floor in the attic from the floorboard. Installation of insulating materials

As you know, warm air tends to rise up, as a result, the floor remains the coldest place in an apartment or house. This is especially true for the first floor, which often has a basement or underground. In our article we will talk about how to insulate the floor on the ground floor and not only.

The most reliable way to protect against the cold is to use insulation, which can be in the form of blocks, rolls or bulk materials. When deciding how best to insulate the floor, you must choose between cost, heat-insulating properties and durability of the material.

Warming of the basement space

Builders don't care much about airtightness when laying out the floor. In the basement space, most often there are gaps. You can even see them from the basement. The first thing to do is to close up the gaps in the ceiling. Small holes can be puttied from below. In a private house, insulation boards can be glued to the floor from the underside.

This is where styrofoam mounting adhesive comes in handy. How to make an insulated floor from below so that the plates do not lag behind? To do this, they are additionally grabbed with parachute dowels, and the joints are foamed.

A clear advantage of the method is that nothing needs to be broken. Everything will remain as it was, and the house will become warm.

Wooden floor insulation

The old floor board can be replaced with a new one. If it is in good condition, then the floor is carefully disassembled. At the same time, you need to make the marking of the boards, so that later you do not waste time and effort on fitting. This is especially true for the half floor. Disassembly is done in order to reassemble in the same way. The nails are removed carefully so as not to damage the boards. When assembling the floor, it is advisable to use self-tapping screws, which create stronger connections and are easily removed.

Before insulating the floor on the ground floor, the cracks from above must be carefully sealed with mounting foam, putty and cement-sand mortar. Logs should be checked by level and further strengthened. Otherwise, the floorboards will creak just as before. In hardware stores, there are racks for sale that screw into logs and abut against the ceiling. They can also be made from steel studs.

Floor slabs are tightly laid with mineral wool, which should go on the walls. A budget solution is to use mats made of straw or sawdust, but they decompose over time. You can also use expanded clay, foam chips or slag. In principle, any insulation is suitable if it performs its functions. From below, a layer of vapor barrier is laid on the ceiling so that moisture does not accumulate, from which the properties of the insulation deteriorate significantly.

How to insulate the floor with foam or polystyrene foam

If the floor is covered with ceramic tiles or cement screed, it can be insulated with thin sheets of Styrofoam or Styrofoam.

Fiberboard and drywall GVL are also used. But their thermal insulation properties are much lower.

A layer of vapor barrier is placed on the concrete floor, and a layer of insulation and a plastic film are placed on it. Then a screed of cement or a special mixture is laid on top. It must be reinforced with mesh. To compensate for temperature fluctuations, an edge tape is laid along the perimeter of the wall. Installed new on top flooring: tile, parquet, laminate or linoleum.

Insulating underlay for linoleum

The problem of how to insulate the floor on the ground floor can be solved by the most in a simple way due to linoleum with a substrate. It is the most common, cheap, easy-to-install and maintain coating. It is enough to cut it correctly and insert it under the plinth.

The material consists of layers of PVC with a pattern, fiberglass and a substrate, which is often used as the same material on both sides, which prevents the coating from deforming when the temperature changes.

There is also a heater for the floor under the linoleum. It is the bottom layer, which can be made from jute or fabric.

Additional substrate for linoleum

If the coating does not have the necessary protection from the cold from below, then additional substrates are used for the main coating: cork, linen and expanded polystyrene. Cork is a good insulation, but it can also be used as an independent coating. Ordinary plywood or fiberboard also have heat-insulating properties, but the effect will be much greater if an additional layer of expanded polystyrene is laid under them. Linoleum floor insulation is best laid under plywood or fiberboard.

This is done in the following way:

an insulating substrate is laid on a dry and even floor;
plywood is laid and fastened with screws to the floor;
linoleum is covered from above and the edges are hidden under the plinth, which protects the substrate from water penetration.

This method is used in rooms with high ceilings.

How to connect a warm floor

It makes it possible to create uniform heat in the room. It is a heating system located under the cover, which gives the most favorable temperature distribution in the room in height.

The problem of how to insulate the floor on the ground floor using electric heating can be solved in one of the following ways:

with the put polymer keeps within under any covering of a floor. It does not require pouring the screed.
whose power varies with temperature. It heats cold areas more and warm areas less. It requires pouring the screed.
Carbon rods attached to a fiberglass mesh can be filled with ordinary tile adhesive.

After installation, you need to know how to connect a warm floor. This requires a thermostat to which the heating cable is connected. All connections should be made according to the instructions, carefully following all the steps.

Water heating is carried out using pipes with a circulating hot water. They are laid under the floor or poured with a screed. Heating is carried out through copper, polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes that are connected to the heating system.

Floor heating can be distributed in such a way that separate sections are connected. To do this, a manifold with control valves is placed at the top.

Conclusion

It is possible to insulate floors by installing heat-insulating materials used separately or as a substrate for floor coverings. Heat-insulating panels from the bottom of the floors are especially effective. When installing them, there is no need to disassemble the floor above. In addition, you can install a floor heating system, which can be autonomous or part of the home heating system.

Often residents on the first floors apartment buildings face the problem of ice floor surface in winter. Therefore, the question of how to carry out thermal insulation correctly, what methods exist and what is better to use in a given situation is relevant. Practical recommendations on how to choose the best floor insulation for the first floor, as well as instructions for doing the work yourself, are designed to help solve this problem.

Materials to choose from

V apartment buildings There are two types of coating: wooden and concrete. Depending on this, the appropriate type of insulation is selected.

Bases for warm coating on the floor are liquid, loose, as well as in the form of blocks and in rolls. They can be used together with each other or separately.

Liquid

The insulation can be a cement mixture filled with expanded clay, foam or other materials. Currently, polymer penoizol is widely used.

However, in order to work with it, you need special equipment.

Bulk

Expanded clay, foam plastic chips stand out from the heaters of this group, sawdust. They are suitable for insulating floors in apartments where there is an unheated basement.

Expanded clay - strong and durable, has low thermal conductivity. But, choosing it as a heater, you need to take care of high-quality waterproofing, since its granules absorb moisture well.

Block

They come in the form of plates and mats of mineral wool, polystyrene, basalt fiber.

Styrofoam has low thermal conductivity, low cost and environmentally friendly. But it is fragile, and with strong heating it melts, releasing harmful fumes.

A more modern version of polystyrene is expanded polystyrene. It has the best density, does not burn. Sheets of such insulation are convenient in that they can be used to mount a warm floor, install a plank floor, pour a screed, and so on.

The most environmentally friendly material among the blocks is vermiculite, which is obtained by processing mineral products.

However, it is by no means cheap, and in order to save money, you can use its analogue, granular vermiculite.

Rolled

In the form of rolls, heaters are made from polystyrene, cork, mineral wool and foil bases. When the thickness of the roll-type insulation is not enough, they are placed in two layers or used in conjunction with blocks.

Mineral wool, being a cheap insulation, guarantees low heat transfer. But, it must be borne in mind that over time it can condense, due to which its properties will decrease. In addition, during installation, mineral wool crumbles and forms dust that is harmful to health, therefore, it involves the use of a respirator and overalls when working with it.

Concrete floor

Concrete is durable and therefore very often used as a floor. However, this material is very cold. Therefore, in those houses where it is used, thorough thermal insulation is necessary on the first floors. Otherwise, any heating will not be able to warm up properly.

The owners of the apartment should do the insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor with waterproofing, since dampness often forms in the basement, as a result of which, without appropriate work, mold will appear on the walls.

Work instructions

Begin the process by preparing the foundation. To do this, it is necessary to remove all the coating and check the plates for cracks, chips and cracks. If there are defects, they are eliminated with a special solution based on concrete or cement. After the surface hardens, it is treated with a special impregnation that strengthens the layer.

The next step is to waterproof. This is where plastic wrap comes in handy. It should go on the walls by about fifteen to twenty centimeters. Cope with the task and a special primer deep penetration.

For the installation of insulation, a frame is made. To do this, lay the bars, and under them - pieces of roofing material. Logs are placed on the bars, and the whole structure is attached to concrete.

After that, you can install loose insulation alone or as part of a liquid version. On top of it, mineral wool is laid in the cavity of the structure. You can also use foam or other material.

Then a steam insulating film is laid, which is fastened with staples to the logs.

The process ends with the installation of the subfloor. Depending on the type of finish, it can be made of boards or thick plywood.

Wooden floor

In modern high-rise buildings, wooden floors are no longer installed. But they can often be found in old-style houses.

Wood is a warm and environmentally friendly material, but over time it tends to dry out, causing gaps in the floor to form. And they cause drafts. Therefore, it will be correct to further process such coatings.

Isolation Technology

To make insulation on the first floor, you need to perform the following steps:

dismantle the old coating, check and, if necessary, replace it, and in normal condition it can be laid in place;
treat the surface with antifungal antiseptics and allow to dry;
install insulation and cover it with a vapor barrier film;
a board is laid on top of the surface.

Basement work

The apartment on the first floor can be insulated from the basement side. For this purpose, heat-insulating material is attached to the ceiling in the technical room. It can be foam or foam plastic, which are simply glued. Suitable in this capacity and mineral wool. But attaching it will be more difficult. For this you need:

fix the bars with a thickness of a couple of centimeters more than the insulation layer;
lay mineral wool between the elements of the installed structure;
using a stapler, install a vapor barrier membrane on the surface
sheathe the structure with plywood or fiberboard.

Underfloor heating system

This type of insulation is becoming increasingly popular. Thanks to him, the floor surface on the ground floor will always be warm, the humidity in the apartment will decrease, and its microclimate will improve. The system happens:

electric, mounted in a screed or over a rough coating;
infrared, from a special film installed under the finish coat;
water, when the liquid is constantly heated and injected into the heating system.

It is best to lay such structures in a leveling screed. The water floor can also be used for wood flooring. But this will be more difficult to implement, since polymer pipes must be laid in the grooves made for them and covered with foil. Finishing is installed on top of the system.

self-leveling floor

Such a coating is used not only as a decorative, but also as a floor insulation, especially on the ground floor. Special mixtures guarantee thermal insulation and waterproofing, as well as fire safety.

They are made of environmentally friendly materials that can be installed independently.

Installation instructions

Before starting installation, it is important to properly prepare the base.

whatever the rough surface - concrete, wood, ceramic tile or cement screed, it must be carefully checked;
close cracks, cracks, chips, loose elements, dismantle and replace;
clean all coating;
sand wood and concrete;
generously prime the floor so that all pores are completely closed;
a day after that, you can start laying.

The prepared mixture is simply poured out of the bucket and leveled with a spatula. The whole room is covered at once to get a flat surface. At the end, in order to avoid the appearance of bubbles, you need to walk with a roller with needles over the entire coating. A polyurethane varnish is applied to the dried floor.

In order for the floor insulation work in the apartment to be successful, you need to take into account some points:

the walls of the basement are examined to detect cracks, holes and chips there, which must be repaired;
ventilation holes in the basement for the winter can be covered, but not completely;
installation of a vapor barrier is required.

x-teplo.ru

Thermal insulation wisely: how to properly insulate the floor on the ground floor

On the ground floor, there is almost always discomfort from the cold floor - and it doesn’t matter whether it is a high-rise building or a private building. Is it worth it to fight it? Definitely. After all, competent floor insulation will not only make housing more comfortable, but also significantly save money going to pay for electricity and gas. It is no secret that with poor heat conservation of "resources" to maintain optimal temperatures spend much more. In addition, a weakly or not at all insulated floor of the first floor can become a source of many diseases - this is perhaps the main reason why the thermal insulation of this surface must be properly worked on. Contact with a cold floor is especially dangerous for young children who strive to run barefoot.

Video instruction for floor insulation

The modern construction industry offers a variety of materials with which you can insulate the floor of the first floor efficiently and effectively:

Styrofoam The main advantages of Styrofoam are good thermal insulation, reasonable price and durability. The material is suitable for laying on any type of surface - concrete, wood, ceramic tiles, etc.
Penoplex This is foamed polystyrene with low thermal conductivity, excellent sound insulation, and a long service life.
Expanded clay Floor insulation using expanded clay is one of the most affordable and reliable technologies. The material can be added both directly to the concrete screed, and used as a backfill.
Mineral wool The material has excellent soundproofing and heat-insulating properties, resistant to high temperatures and chemical substances.
Gypsum-fiber sheets The material is easy to use, non-combustible.

Today, manufacturers offer many options for floor insulation.

Preparation for thermal insulation measures

Warming the floor of the first floor is an incredibly responsible job, so it must be approached with all seriousness. It is difficult to remake "blunders" not only financially, but also physically. If you live in an apartment building with a cold basement, you need to determine which method of floor insulation will be most appropriate - only internal, from the housing side, or also external, from the basement.

Do not be too lazy to go down to the basement and inspect the basement and concrete floor under your apartment for cracks, potholes, crumbling elements. All defects found should be eliminated with a cement-sand mortar, mounting foam, brickwork. Styrofoam or polystyrene foam plates can be glued onto the concrete slab from the basement side (a special adhesive is used for this purpose), and the gaps between them can be filled mounting foam. Pay attention to the fact that such “amateur activity” is not always welcomed by service organizations, therefore, before starting insulation work in the basement, be sure to consult the appropriate authority.

First of all, the old flooring is dismantled and the surface is thoroughly cleaned.

Concrete floor technology

Insulation of concrete floors inside the apartment (house) with a sufficient "reserve" of the height of the room is recommended to be carried out according to the following algorithm:

laying a waterproofing membrane on a cleaned base;
installation on the floor of a crate made of bars with a thickness of a layer of the selected insulation (expanded polystyrene - most preferably);
laying heat insulator plates in the cells of the crate;
laying a vapor barrier layer;
installation of a subfloor from plywood, boards, sheets of fiberboard or chipboard;
installation of the finish coat.

This is how GVL is installed during floor insulation

Vapor barrier is better to choose foil, but dense polyethylene is also acceptable.

It is possible to insulate the concrete floor of the first floor in a simpler way, by resorting to gypsum-fiber sheets. The technology of work in this case will be as follows:

removal of old flooring (if any);
elimination of all surface irregularities and cracks;
waterproofing membrane flooring;
laying GVL (adhesive mastic is used for their better strengthening) in two or three layers so that the joints in the layers do not coincide;
putty and primer GVL;
floor covering installation.

One of the most modern methods of concrete floor insulation, of course, is the installation of the "electric floor heating" system, which consists of the following steps:

laying insulation on a prepared base;
aluminum foil layer flooring;
styling electric cable;
pouring screed;
surface finishing.

Underfloor heating on the ground floor

For many owners who do not want to sacrifice the height of the room, the most acceptable way of thermal insulation square meters underfoot is the laying of isolon - a modern material with a spongy structure. It is quite simple to insulate the floor with isolon: for this it is enough to fix the defects of the concrete floor, spread the panels, and glue their joints with adhesive tape. And then proceed either immediately to the installation of the finish coating, or to start arranging the subfloor.

How to properly insulate a wooden floor

To insulate a wooden floor in an apartment located on the ground floor, it is necessary, first of all, to remove the existing flooring (number the boards if you do not plan to replace them) and revise the open space. If there's waterproofing membrane, you should check its integrity. Close up the defects found, lay mineral wool slabs between the lags, put the boards in place.

Mineral wool is often used for insulating wooden floors.

In old private houses, it is quite common to see a wooden floor on logs laid on top of compacted soil. How to insulate it?

Remove flooring.
Lay a waterproofing layer between the joists.
Make backfilling with expanded clay.
Arrange vapor barrier.
Lay insulation - mineral wool or polystyrene.
Stuff the bars on the logs and further equip the wooden floor on them.

If you decide to completely abandon the lag, you will face the following tasks:

Completely clear the surface of the soil.
If necessary, compact the soil.
Arrange a waterproofing layer - glassine, roofing material will do.
Form a layer of sand and gravel mixture.
Fill up a layer of expanded clay.
Lay reinforcing mesh.
Spill expanded clay with cement milk.
After it hardens, pour the screed completely.
Arrange vapor barrier.
Set draft poi.
Mount any wood flooring to your taste.

Insulation of the floor of the first floor with expanded clay is one of the most affordable and effective ways

How much will it cost to insulate the floor on the first floor?

The cost of work on the insulation of the floor of the first floor directly depends on the material chosen. Expanded clay and polystyrene can be considered the most affordable option.

Modern method of thermal insulation - the use of polyurethane foam

Do the above methods of thermal insulation of the floor on the ground floor seem extremely difficult and not entirely reliable to you? Then your choice is insulation with sprayed polyurethane foam.

A layer of polyurethane foam as a heater has a lot of advantages:

low coefficient of heat conductivity. Due to this, its height does not exceed 10 centimeters;
high resistance to steam and moisture. This eliminates the need to equip vapor barrier and waterproofing;
durability. PPU can effectively perform its functions up to 60 years;
excellent soundproofing properties;
safety for human health.

Spraying polyurethane foam for floor insulation

Polyurethane foam is not subject to the process of decay, mold and other microorganisms never appear on it, small rodents are indifferent to the material. And, perhaps, the most important spraying of polyurethane foam is carried out in the shortest possible time - you do not have to stretch the thermal insulation measures for a week. The final screed can be equipped directly on it.

The heat-insulating polyurethane foam layer turns out to be completely seamless - the appearance of cracks and cold bridges in it is excluded.

The importance of making the right choice

As you can see, there are many ways to insulate the floor of the first floor, but the choice of the optimal one should be made on the basis of an analysis of many factors (an apartment or private house this, the condition of the structures, the estimated budget, etc.). Only an experienced specialist should help the owners in this matter. By entrusting the floor insulation procedure to a professional, you can be sure that warmth and comfort will settle in the house forever, and your feet will never freeze again. Agree, understand that cash were spent on a really tangible result - priceless!

teploguru.ru

How to insulate the floor in an apartment or a private house on the ground floor - the choice of thermal insulation and installation technology

Since energy carriers are not cheap, we all try to insulate our homes. For this, they are used different materials and various techniques. However, in order to insulate the floor on the first floor, it is necessary to take into account some nuances.

Technical features of the process

Scheme of wooden floor insulation on the first floor

Before starting processing the base of a panel or brick house, you need to consider some features of the work:

Any material chosen for thermal insulation should be fixed outside the living rooms. His choice largely depends on the type of basement and their purpose. Naturally, if the house does not have a basement, then it is necessary to insulate from the inside.
Before starting work, you need to carefully inspect the room for holes and cracks in the ceiling and walls. If they are, it is desirable to eliminate them.
Please note that the installation of a vapor barrier film is required.
Since there are ventilation holes in the basements of every house, they can be closed for the winter. Please note that this should not be done completely, some part of the fresh air should get inside.
If you chose polystyrene for insulation, then you need to glue it without gaps. Joints in this case can be additionally sealed.

The scheme of insulation of the concrete floor on the first floor

If you take into account these features, then in winter your apartment will be warm and cozy.

What are the most commonly used insulation materials?

So, in order to carry out the installation of thermal insulation, you should choose suitable material. You can insulate the floor of the first floor using the following products:

Styrofoam. It has a very low thermal conductivity, does not allow the formation of condensate. In addition, the material is characterized by low cost, relative safety for health. However, despite the ease of installation, polystyrene foam is not always used in an apartment. The fact is that it is quite fragile when exposed to low temperatures. Please note that the influence of aggressive factors can reduce the quality of the submitted material.
Mineral wool. It is used to isolate the floor in the apartment quite often. This is dictated by a small price, low level heat transfer. However, its disadvantages should be noted, such as dubious safety for health, the possibility of compaction under the influence of mechanical load (in this case, the properties of the material deteriorate).

Vermiculite. This product practically does not accumulate moisture, it is completely safe for health. The material is sold in bulk or in the form of plates, the thickness of which ranges from 20 mm to 120 mm. Please note that vermiculite is an expensive product, although it is ideal for insulating floors in a private house and apartment.
Polyurethane foam. This material is simply sprayed onto the base, creating a uniform protection with no gaps that can let in cold air. An ideal heat insulator, but the cost of its installation bites.

And you can also protect yourself from the cold with the help of a system of warm floors.

Material selection and preparation for installation

Before starting work, you need to purchase the material that will effectively protect you from the cold. If the floor insulation of the first floor will be carried out in the apartment, then it all depends on the type of flooring, as well as the distance from the ceiling to the maximum possible floor level.

If you have a plank base, and you do not plan to change it, then mineral wool is best in this case. In the presence of a cement screed, polystyrene foam is better. If thermal insulation will be carried out from the outside of the building, then a material with the most suitable technical specifications. The insulation scheme for a private house is shown in the video:

Features of warming the room from the basement

Insulation of the floor of the first floor in this case is carried out as follows:

Fix on the ceiling wooden bars, the thickness of which should be only a few centimeters more than the thickness of the insulation.
Attach mineral wool or other material of your choice to the ceiling between the fixed beams.
Using a construction stapler, attach the vapor barrier membrane to the structure.
Lastly, the frame is sheathed with drywall or plywood.

Basement floor insulation

Basement walls can also be insulated. Please note that the vapor barrier must be overlapped (10-15 cm). You can connect the canvases with special tape. The film should also go on the walls. This will help to completely protect the insulation from the harmful effects of steam and moisture.

Features of laying insulation indoors

If in an apartment located on the ground floor it is not possible to make external thermal insulation, then the protective material should be mounted inside. Here the technology depends on the type of foundation. So, if a concrete screed is planned in the apartment, then the installation of thermal insulation involves the following actions:

Flooring of the waterproofing layer on the floor slab.
Laying the selected thermal insulation. Please note that the sheet material must be laid so close to each other that there are no gaps.
Installation of vapor barrier film.
Reinforcing mesh flooring over the rough base.
Pouring concrete solution.

Sometimes the apartment, which is located on the ground floor, has a wooden floor. Installation of thermal insulation in this case has some features:

First you need to install the logs, observing the specified distance between them (approximately 40-50 cm). For this job use wooden bars, the size of which is 70x50 mm.
Further, mineral wool can be laid in the intervals between the lags. This insulation is best suited for wooden floors. In addition, it is convenient to install.
Arrangement of the draft base. To do this, purchase plywood or floorboards. A variant with the use of chipboard is possible. All materials must be moisture resistant or impregnated with a special water-repellent agent.
Laying of finishing facing.

As you can see, the floor of any house can be insulated quickly enough. In this case, you do not have to hire craftsmen, since all the work can be done independently. Follow the technology and successful repair. Leave comments, share your opinion and experience!

www.polprofy.ru

How to do floor insulation in an apartment on the ground floor with your own hands?

Almost all owners of apartments located on the ground floor are faced with such a problem as cold floors. This is due to cold and unheated, and often damp basements. In such cases, it is necessary to insulate the floor of the first floor with modern materials.

For this, quite a large number of various heaters and ways of their installation. In this article, we will get acquainted with the most effective methods of how to correctly and reliably insulate a concrete floor.

Basement insulation

The most correct solution is the thermal insulation of the floor slab from the basement side. In other words, it is necessary to insulate the ceiling in the basement, thus moving the cold and dew point away from the floor in the apartment.

To carry out such work, it is better to coordinate with the Housing Office. There are usually no problems with this. Having received such permission, you can start thermal insulation work. The following methods are available for this:

The simplest, inexpensive, but at the same time enough effective method- insulate with styrofoam. Foam sheets are glued to the concrete base with liquid nails. At the end of the work, all the gaps remaining between the sheets should be filled with mounting foam. Since the basement is quite often damp, and the foam has the property of being saturated with moisture over time, it is necessary to make waterproofing. To do this, with the same glue, a thick plastic film is glued onto the sheets of insulation. The edges of such waterproofing must be overlapped by at least 10–15 cm.

You can spray polyurethane foam - one of the most reliable and durable insulation known today. After hardening, this material has high strength, excellent thermal insulation properties. Also, polyurethane foam does not burn and absolutely does not absorb moisture. The only disadvantage of this option is its rather high cost: spraying is carried out using special equipment and requires professional operator skills.

Advice! If you have insulated the concrete floor from the basement side, this does not mean that the floors in your apartment will automatically become warm. This technique only allows you to "push back" the cold. In any case, it is necessary to insulate the floor from the side of the apartment.

Floor insulation from inside the apartment

This method has a large number of materials used. Let's look at the main materials and the technology for their installation in more detail.

Mineral wool

This option works best with wood floors, but can also be used if you want to lay wood over a concrete base. By choosing this option, you need to follow the following technology and the sequence of work:

Advice! It is possible to insulate the floor of the first floor in this way with the use of other heat insulators. For example, foam can be used instead of mineral wool. This material has slightly worse thermal insulation properties, but is cheaper.

Expanded clay insulation

This method of warming a concrete base in an apartment on the ground floor is perhaps the most popular. This is due to the ease of installation, durability and high performance of the materials used. To insulate the concrete floor in an apartment located on the ground floor with the help of expanded clay, the following technology for carrying out thermal insulation work should be observed:

Old flooring, including cement screed, must be removed.
Having carefully removed all the debris, it is necessary to examine the floor slab and repair the detected cracks, crevices and other defects with mounting foam or cement mortar.
The next step is to lay a thick polyethylene film as a waterproofing layer. Its installation is carried out with an overlap, while the seams must be glued on both sides with adhesive tape.
Now the entire surface of the floor can be covered with expanded clay. The thickness of the layer depends on the height of the ceilings. Here, the thicker the layer, the better its thermal insulation properties will be, but the minimum allowable expanded clay layer is 10 cm.
After backfilling, expanded clay must be compacted. It is strictly forbidden to moisten the insulation!
A reinforcing mesh is mounted on top of the expanded clay and a cement screed is poured with a layer of 5 cm.
The screed is carefully leveled and covered with polyethylene for proper drying.
After the cement mortar has dried, you can proceed with the installation of the floor covering: laminate, linoleum or other material.

Advice! To increase the thermal insulation properties of the floor, foam granules can be added to the cement mortar at the stage of its preparation. This will greatly insulate the floor in the apartment.

Extruded polystyrene foam

This thermal insulation can be used in both methods of floor insulation: with wooden lags and under the cement screed. Expanded polystyrene has almost ideal properties:

low thermal conductivity
high density and mechanical strength
does not burn,
practically does not absorb moisture,
long service life.

When insulating a wooden floor, extruded polystyrene foam boards are placed between the joists, like any other material. The use of a waterproofing layer, despite high performance heater, of course.

After laying and filling the cracks with mounting foam, the heat insulator is covered with another layer of waterproofing. For these purposes, it is better to use penofol. Then the flooring is installed: plywood, chipboard or boards. Insulation with polystyrene foam under a cement screed is carried out as follows:

Advice! over thermal insulation material electric heating cables can be laid. After the end of all installation work, you will be the owner of really warm floors that consume very little electricity.

Having studied all the options for insulating the floor on the ground floor given in this material, you need to choose the most suitable one in your case. Having some skills, you can do all the work yourself, without involving expensive specialists.

Often, residents on the first floors of apartment buildings are faced with the problem of an icy floor surface in winter. Therefore, the question of how to carry out thermal insulation correctly, what methods exist and what is better to use in a given situation is relevant. Practical recommendations on how to choose the best floor insulation for the first floor, as well as instructions for doing the work yourself, are designed to help solve this problem.

Materials to choose from

In apartment buildings, there are two types of coating: wooden and concrete. Depending on this, the appropriate type of insulation is selected.

Bases for warm coating on the floor are liquid, loose, as well as in the form of blocks and in rolls. They can be used together with each other or separately.

Liquid

The insulation can be a cement mixture filled with expanded clay, foam or other materials.
Currently, polymer penoizol is widely used.

However, in order to work with it, you need special equipment.

Bulk

Expanded clay, foam plastic chips, sawdust stand out from the heaters of this group. They are suitable for insulating floors in apartments where there is an unheated basement.

Expanded clay - strong and durable, has low thermal conductivity. But, choosing it as a heater, you need to take care of high-quality waterproofing, since its granules absorb moisture well.

Block

They come in the form of plates and mats of mineral wool, polystyrene, basalt fiber.

Styrofoam has low thermal conductivity, low cost and environmentally friendly. But it is fragile, and with strong heating it melts, releasing harmful fumes.

The most environmentally friendly material among the blocks is vermiculite, which is obtained by processing mineral products.

However, it is by no means cheap, and in order to save money, you can use its analogue, granular vermiculite.

Rolled

Concrete floor

Work instructions

The next step is to waterproof. This is where plastic wrap comes in handy. It should go on the walls by about fifteen to twenty centimeters. Cope with the task and a special primer deep penetration.

After that, you can install loose insulation alone or as part of a liquid version. On top of it, mineral wool is laid in the cavity of the structure. You can also use foam or other material.

Then a steam insulating film is laid, which is fastened with staples to the logs.

The process ends with the installation of the subfloor. Depending on the type of finish, it can be made of boards or thick plywood.

In modern high-rise buildings, wooden floors are no longer installed. But they can often be found in old-style houses.

Isolation Technology

To make insulation on the first floor, you need to perform the following steps:

dismantle the old coating, check and, if necessary, replace it, and in normal condition it can be laid in place;
treat the surface with antifungal antiseptics and allow to dry;
install insulation and cover it with a vapor barrier film;
a board is laid on top of the surface.

Basement work

fix the bars with a thickness of a couple of centimeters more than the insulation layer;
lay mineral wool between the elements of the installed structure;
using a stapler, install a vapor barrier membrane on the surface
sheathe the structure with plywood or fiberboard.

electric, mounted in a screed or over a rough coating;
infrared, from a special film installed under the finish coat;
water, when the liquid is constantly heated and injected into the heating system.

They are made of environmentally friendly materials that can be installed independently.

Installation instructions

Before starting installation, it is important to properly prepare the base.

whatever the rough surface is - concrete, wood, ceramic tiles or cement screed, it must be carefully checked;
close cracks, cracks, chips, loose elements, dismantle and replace;
clean all coating;
sand wood and concrete;
generously prime the floor so that all pores are completely closed;
a day after that, you can start laying.

In order for the floor insulation work in the apartment to be successful, you need to take into account some points:

the walls of the basement are examined to detect cracks, holes and chips there, which must be repaired;
ventilation holes in the basement for the winter can be covered, but not completely;
installation of a vapor barrier is required.

The scheme of insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor depends on how the floor is made:

(described in detail in the article, we do not consider here);
Floor on floor slabs (with a cold underground).

Consider all options for warming the concrete floor of the first floor on the floor slabs.

Insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor, from below, from the underground

Such insulation can be performed when there is a place in the underground for these works (at least 1 meter). Underground soil, while not specially closed. In the underground, air is needed (the required amount is determined by calculation). A reinforced screed is poured over the slab from above. Reinforcement from a mesh with a cell of 100x100 from a wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm.

Insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor, from above from the room under the screed

Insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor (from above under the screed)

Such a scheme is used if there is no longer access to the space under the plates. A reinforced screed is poured on top of the insulation. Reinforcement from a mesh with a cell of 100x100 from a wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm.

Insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor (using logs)

When there is no access to the space under the slabs, then a scheme using a lag is also applied. This design allows not to perform screeds, all work is "dry".

How to insulate the concrete floor of the first floor

Consider insulation options for all insulation schemes (shown in the figures above).

To insulate the concrete floor of the first floor, from below, from the side of the underground (Figure 1), XPS is used, density 30-35 kg / m3. The thickness of the XPS is determined by the calculation for a specific region of construction, but not less than 50 mm. EPS from the underground can be plastered over the grid, but this is completely optional. This material is not afraid of moisture, but sunlight there is not (EPS is not recommended to be left for a long time precisely under the influence of UV).

To insulate the concrete floor of the first floor, from above from the room under the screed (Figure 2), XPS or foam plastic is used. XPS density 30-35 kg/m3, polystyrene with a density of at least 30 kg/m3. A vapor barrier film must be laid under the insulation on the stove. The thickness of the insulation is determined by the calculation for a particular region of construction, but not less than 50 mm.

To insulate the concrete floor of the first floor, from above from the room, using a log (Figure 3), mineral wool or fiberglass wool is used. Density for mineral wool 20-40 kg / m3 (both slab and roll positions are possible). For fiberglass, the density is 11-17 kg / m3, both plate and roll positions are also possible. A vapor barrier film must be laid under the insulation on the stove. From above, the insulation can be covered with a superdiffusion membrane (for rooms such as a kitchen). The thickness of the insulation is determined by the calculation for a particular region of construction, but not less than 50 mm.

Reinforcement
Manufacturing
Tools
Installation
Payment
Repair

Concrete remains one of the most demanded and used materials in high-rise construction. Possessing many characteristics necessary for such construction, concrete remains indispensable material, but in some cases its properties are not very suitable for living quarters. So, high thermal conductivity leads to the fact that the concrete floor, especially on the first floors of high-rise buildings, is usually very cold.

Scheme of concrete floor insulation.

In this regard, additional insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor is often required. Due to the presence of a variety of modern building, repair materials and heaters, there are many ways to insulate such a floor. When considering certain floor insulation, you need to consider different factors and room characteristics.

The choice of insulation and materials

When choosing a heater, it is necessary to consider several factors:

the amount of financial resources that the landlord is willing to spend on this species works;
the condition of the basement or basement under the apartment (temperature, humidity, the ability to carry out independent work);
the height of the ceiling in the apartment itself (any option for floor insulation involves lowering the height of the ceiling).

When deciding on the most insulating material, you can consider the following options, which today are the most used and convenient:

Scheme of concrete floor insulation with roofing.

Styrofoam. A cheap and easy-to-use material that allows you to insulate the concrete floor both from the basement side and in the apartment itself. Inferior over modern options insulation is that when used in an apartment it will take up a lot of space due to its thickness, which is necessary to achieve a good effect.
Extruded polystyrene foam. An excellent insulation, which, like polystyrene, can be used in any room and is very easy to attach to any surface. Much stronger than foam and has a lower thermal conductivity. It differs unfavorably from polystyrene only in price, but its other properties fully atone for this drawback.
Mineral wool (basalt, glass wool, slag wool). Enough a good option insulation of the concrete floor while providing the necessary level of waterproofing and ventilation of the underground space.
Expanded clay and other bulk materials. Inexpensive option used in different types of insulation. The disadvantage is that when it is used, a significant part of the height of the room is “eaten up”.
Gypsum fiber sheet (GVL); isolon. These two materials are used to provide a certain level of insulation of concrete floors in apartments with low ceilings.

When applied different options heaters, of course, you will need additional materials, as well as tools. Here is a standard list of them:

Scheme of floor insulation with polystyrene foam.

when arranging floor logs, wooden beams will be needed, the width of which will have to correspond to the width of the heat-insulating layer. In addition, you will need fastening materials (self-tapping screws, dowels, anchors) and a puncher;
for fastening sheet materials, such as foam, you will need construction glue or mastic;
in almost any version of insulation, a waterproofing layer should be used, for which dense polyethylene is quite suitable;
building foam may also be needed, for example, to fill the gaps between foam sheets when used in the basement.

Popular thermal insulation options

Next, you need to decide on the most suitable option work on the insulation of the concrete floor of the apartment on the ground floor. Of the methods proposed below, it is best to choose the one that will combine the required level of efficiency, the acceptable level financial costs and the ability to do all the work independently and quickly.

Basement

Installation of insulation material from the side of the basement is best done with low ceilings in the apartment.

With this option, foam panels are best suited, because in the basement they are not so important appearance and insulation thickness. The work is carried out in several stages:

Scheme of thermal insulation of a concrete floor.

when high humidity basement (especially if leaking sewer pipes or liquid builds up in the basement for other reasons), a penetrating waterproofing compound can be used. The procedure for applying it is quite lengthy, but with its help you can completely protect yourself from dampness of the floors;
the foam itself is very simply glued to the concrete surface of the basement ceiling. To do this, you can use any assembly and construction adhesive mixture;
cracks and gaps that can form between foam sheets are filled with construction foam.

Thus, with free access to the basement under the apartment, it is quite simple and inexpensive to provide hydro- and thermal insulation of the concrete floor in the entire apartment located on the ground floor.

Concrete floor on joists

The most common option today is floor insulation along the logs, in which you can effectively use different insulation materials. Such insulation is carried out in the following stages:

Log installation. If necessary, you must first lay the floor with a waterproofing material, and then, using self-tapping screws and dowels, attach wooden beams in increments of 40-60 cm. expanded clay, etc.
Insulation lining. Insulating material is laid between the lags, on top of which it is necessary to lay a waterproofing layer of polyethylene.
Laying a rough or fine floor covering. Boards, chipboard, plywood and other materials can be used here. It is important to leave ventilation gaps along the edges of the room, which will then be covered with skirting boards.

The only drawback of this method of insulating the concrete floor of an apartment on the ground floor is hiding the height of the living space, which, depending on the material chosen, can be from 8 to 15 cm.

Warming in low rooms

If it is not possible to allocate so much space due to low ceilings, then a less effective, but more suitable for low rooms, method of floor insulation using GVL can be used:

Scheme of insulation of the floor of the first floor.

Having leveled the floor concrete base, we lay a waterproofing layer with an overlap on the walls.
Next, we lay the first layer of GVL sheets, which should be 12 mm thick.
The second layer of GVL is laid on the mastic, arranging the sheets so that their joints do not coincide with the joints of the sheets of the first layer.
Similarly, we lay the third layer, on top of which the flooring is mounted.

In low rooms, such a modern material like isolon. If you purchase it foiled on both sides, then you can simply lay it on a leveled concrete floor surface without waterproofing. The joints between the strips of isolon are glued together with construction tape, after which the flooring can be laid.

Thus, due to the presence of a variety of materials, you can choose a good option for warming the concrete floor for any room. It is important not to forget, with each method of insulation, to create a waterproofing layer, as well as to ensure ventilation of the underground space where the insulation will be located. Ventilation is achieved very simply: gaps are left along the walls, which are then closed with skirting boards, leaving ventilation holes.

1pobetonu.ru

How to insulate floors on the first floor

The cold floor is the weak point of all apartments located on the first floors. Residents of these premises every day are forced to face not only the cold coming from below, but also the spread of dampness, mold and fungus. The question of how to insulate the floor on the ground floor is relevant both for apartment owners in multi-storey buildings and for residents of private houses, under the first floor of which there is an unheated basement. Work on warming the floor structure helps to solve the problem of cold and constant dampness: if this is done with the highest quality, the temperature in the rooms during the winter period will be comfortable, and the mold will disappear forever.

Cold penetrates into the apartments of the lower floors of high-rise buildings due to the location of the room above the basement, as well as due to the poor thermal insulation characteristics of the floor slabs themselves. Warming of the concrete floor of the first floor is carried out using a cement-sand screed and heaters, which are characterized by a high density of the material.

What is the order in which the flooring works are carried out? The old coating is dismantled and removed, the remaining base is leveled and covered with sand or expanded clay. This backfill is used for three purposes at once: it not only makes the surface even, but also partially plays the role of thermal insulation, and also raises the level of future flooring. Many experts advise using a bulk pillow when insulating floors on the ground floor, since it eliminates deformation of the heat-insulating layer layer under heavy loads.

A damper tape must be glued along the perimeter of the floor of the first floor. If there is no adhesive layer on the tape, then it can be attached to the walls with self-tapping screws. The tape is needed for two purposes. It serves as an additional method of heat and sound insulation, and also protects the walls of the room from the expansion of the cement screed, which will be poured from above.

On top of the expanded clay backfill on work surface a layer of waterproofing spreads - a dense polyethylene film, its joints are firmly fastened with construction tape. Then you can proceed to the installation of insulation. It is best to lay polystyrene foam on the ceiling of the cold floor of the first floor, since its high density provides the best thermal insulation qualities. As a replacement for expanded polystyrene, you can consider options with floor insulation with mineral wool or polystyrene foam.

The material for the thermal insulation layer must be chosen carefully, the desire to save money can lead to the fact that everything repair work will not provide a good result, and the temperature in the apartment during the cold periods of the year will remain uncomfortable.

Styrofoam boards.

Expanded polystyrene tiles should be placed tightly on the surface, it is not necessary to fasten them to the ceiling. When the installation of the heat-insulating layer is completed, the insulation of the floor of the first floor proceeds to the next stage of work: preparations for pouring the screed begin. In order for a decorative floor covering to be laid on the surface of the screed without any problems, it must turn out to be very even. for these purposes, before pouring the cement mortar, experts advise installing beacon profiles.

This is how the profiles for the future pouring of the screed look like.

Profiles must be set strictly according to the level and fixed. For fixing, you can use both self-tapping screws and the cement mortar itself. When mixing cement mortar, fiber and plasticizer can be added to it. These special additives are great importance to increase the strength of the future concrete screed. The finished solution is poured onto the work surface in the direction from the walls to the door and leveled with the rule. After the screed has completely dried, you can lay the selected floor covering on it. On this, the insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor can be considered complete.

Concrete or cement-sand mortar can be replaced with a dry screed. Dry mixes fit quickly and quite simply. The drying of the cement screed lasts about four weeks, if you do not have such a long period of time, then the dry screed remains the only possible option. It is not required to wait for it to dry, it is almost immediately ready for installation of the top layer of the floor.

Floor insulation in a wooden house

How to insulate a wooden floor? Floors on the ground floor of private houses very often require thermal insulation work. Cold and damp enter the premises from the cold underground, making it uncomfortable to be in the rooms on the lower floor of the house. To insulate the floor structure, the insulation is placed between the rough and finish coatings.

Before starting work, it is necessary to choose a heater, since the distance between the lags will depend on the type of material. The sequence of work in the arrangement of the floors of the first floor is such that first a lag frame is mounted, and then heat-insulating material is placed between them. So that you have to cut and fit pieces of insulation as little as possible, the step between the lags should be equal to the width of the material.

Experts recommend installing double logs across, as this will greatly raise the floor, and nail the bars under the insulation flooring onto the floor beams. Using this method will save the height of the ceilings, which is most important in small rooms where it is impossible to sacrifice extra centimeters.

After installing the lag, the surface should be covered with a dense plastic film.

It is impossible to neglect the arrangement of the waterproofing layer, since the effect of all other works in its absence will be minimal. If the thermal insulation layer is exposed to moisture and gets wet, then almost all of its characteristics that ensure heat retention will be lost.

After the bars on the logs and the thermal insulation are installed, the first level of the raised floor is attached to them using self-tapping screws. It can be made both from boards or plywood, and from OSB sheets. If you are making a warm floor in an apartment on the ground floor, then you do not need to install an additional rough coating; a concrete floor slab will serve as the basis for the entire structure.

Insulation of the floor of the first floor can be done using polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam or mineral wool. The material should be laid between the lags in a checkerboard pattern tightly to each other. Most often, for the purposes of insulation, mineral wool is used, which is produced in rolls or tiles. As a replacement for the listed heat-insulating materials, an embankment of expanded clay or sawdust can be considered. They can also be used as thermal insulation, but in exceptional cases, since the falling asleep of expanded clay and sawdust is accompanied by a large amount of dust. Backfill made of expanded clay or sawdust is afraid of moisture and loses its properties when wet.

Mineral wool.

On top of the laid insulation, another layer of waterproofing is laid, which can be firmly attached using a construction stapler. If the waterproofing material cannot be laid with a single sheet, then at the joints, parts of the polyethylene are overlapped at least 10 cm wide. Then it is necessary to fill small bars on the logs in order to leave a gap between the insulation and the board finish to ensure ventilation of the entire floor structure.

After thermal insulation work, the floors of the first floor can be sheathed with any material you like. The flooring can be made of both floorboards and plywood or chipboard. When installing a finishing coating, it is necessary to remember about the gaps near the walls: a space of 1.5 - 2 cm wide should be left between the flooring and the wall of the room.

One of alternatives insulation of wooden floors is the use of penoizol, which many call liquid foam. Insulation of the floor of the first floor when using penoizol differs in that it does not require removal of the casing. This saves you a lot of time for repairs. The cost of the floor insulation method using penoizol depends on how much material you need to fill the space between the lags.

The sequence of work is quite simple. V wooden floor holes are drilled in several places, you can also simply remove one or two boards from the flooring. Penoizol is supplied under pressure through these holes into the structure. The material fills the entire space between the lags, no matter what form it needs to take.

The advantage of this method of warming the floors of the first floor is not only the simplicity of its implementation, but also the protection of the entire floor. Penoizol in the process of polymerization increases in volume and exits through the slots of the boardwalk. As a result, it fills absolutely all voids and cracks that can contribute to heat loss.

When choosing a material for thermal insulation of the floor, one should be guided by financial possibilities and adhere to a rational approach. If you have enough time to dismantle the old floor and lay a new flooring from the boards, then you can choose mineral wool or expanded polystyrene as a heater. Both materials can be mounted with your own hands, without using the services of specialists.

The use of rolled mineral wool is one of the most common ways to insulate the floor, which is used by many. Thermal insulation of the floor in the premises of the first floor with the help of expanded clay is undesirable, since the result of the work carried out will not be highly effective. If there is no opportunity to spend a serious amount of money on the purchase of thermal insulation material, then you should pay attention to insulation with foam. Using penoizol requires serious costs, but it will save you time.

How to insulate the floor on the ground?

In some private houses, the floor is mounted directly on the ground, therefore it also requires serious insulation. Thermal insulation of such structures should be considered at the stage of building a house.

When building a house, the top layer of soil is removed and removed, crushed stone and sand are poured in its place. Each layer is poured to a height of about 10 cm and well compacted. Insulation of the floor of the first floor in this case can be carried out on sand or on a concrete screed. In the first method, the heat-insulating material is laid directly on the compacted sand, in the second, a concrete slab up to 12 cm thick is first poured.

As a heater, it is best to use expanded polystyrene, which is not afraid of moisture. The perimeter of the room is treated with a damper tape, and waterproofing is laid on the insulation in the form of a polyethylene film or a vapor barrier membrane. Then, a cement screed with a reinforcing mesh is poured over this entire structure. After the solution has dried, the floors of the first floor can be covered with a decorative coating.

pol-inform.ru

The process of warming the concrete floor of the first floor

The idea that it is necessary to carry out the insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor, the owners of houses arise only in winter, since it is simply impossible to be in buildings. If you seek professional help, then the issue is quickly resolved, and the floor insulation will take place in a short time. But if you want to do this work yourself, then you need to know a few nuances that will undoubtedly help in the repair process, and you can get the expected result.

Requirements for thermal insulation coatings

If you decide to perform the insulation of the concrete floor yourself, then you need to study what requirements the applied construction material.

Insulators must have low thermal conductivity, as well as high resistance to moisture, so that there is a small mass of the product and a long service life.

As an insulator, extruded and ordinary polystyrene foam is used - these are varieties of foam on which polyurethane foam is applied. As another insulating coating, you can resort to the use of expanded clay or mineral wool. Any of these building materials will go to insulate concrete floors.

When insulating the floor in a new building, you can end up with a curved, uneven surface, since the majority of errors occur in the initial stages of insulation, and the main one is uneven pouring of the screed. And the result is a floor that is skewed relative to the side surfaces.

When the lag is set, it applies step-by-step instruction:

when installing the insulation on the base, it should be taken into account that the height of the room will be reduced by about 9 cm;
the base is covered with a thick film, the coating must be made of polyethylene, this layer will serve as a waterproofing. The same process should be carried out when insulating floors in a garage, or in any other structure. First of all, if the humidity in these rooms is increased;
installation of the log takes place at a distance of approximately 50 cm, and their cross section should be at least 40X40;
with the help of insulation, the resulting gaps are closed (you can foam it, or use a roll insulation);
directly the insulation itself will be covered with plywood or chipboard;
if there is such a need, then the joints are sealed.

These instructions for flooring can be used to insulate floors, both on the ground floor, and to insulate floors in various buildings. It can be either a private building or an apartment. When insulating, do not forget that after installation, the height of your room will decrease in height, as discussed above.

How to make the floor warm - many property owners ask this question, but it is not necessary to follow this scheme, there are cases that you can simply seal the foundation. But these are only those cases where ventilation can be closed in winter.

What is a "floating floor" and how to make it?

When it comes to the thermal insulation of the floors of the premises on the lower floors, then the people who are going to insulate them will also be useful to know what “floating floors” are. Such a floor will be made using an insulator installed on a concrete base.

The most common and ideal building material that can be used as insulation is extruded polystyrene foam. Styrofoam has long term service, it is a high-strength material that is resistant to any kind of mechanical stress, has high performance and is resistant to moisture.

If you choose an insulating coating, then first of all you need to pay attention to the fact that the insulator has a very low thermal conductivity and high resistance to moisture. This design as a whole has many layers. If the insulation is done by hand, then at the final stage a screed will be made, it can be cement or sand, it is attached to the base or wall.

Floor insulation with extruded polystyrene foam

If we draw conclusions, then the upper layers of the structure are not limited at all. And it turns out that the floor seems to “float”, as a result of which such a name was formed. A good advantage of this design is the insulation itself, but there is another significant plus - due to the fact that the design is multilayer, there is good sound absorption.

Heating floor

To make the installation of a floor that will have electric heating, it implies the mandatory use of extruded polystyrene foam, in short, XPS. The laying technology can be varied, and the XPS will act as a screen that will reflect heat. For the installation of such floors, the following building material and actions will be required:

the presence of an external finishing coating;
installation of a specialized substrate;
purchase and produce a screed - as a rule, it is made on a cement basis;
directly the concrete base itself;
special elements that will provide heating of the floor surface;
extruded polystyrene foam.

If you want a really warm apartment or house, then it is not enough to insulate the floors, but you also need to take care of the thermal insulation of the walls, and for this it is necessary to insulate the outer surface of the walls. Do not forget about the insulation of the balcony and windows.

If you are the owner country house, then to get warm dwelling, you need to do a lot more than with an apartment. To make low-rise buildings warm, it is necessary to carry out work on the thermal insulation of the foundation, ceiling, roof and other building elements.

If you are going to build your own house, then all work related to the thermal insulation of the building must be included in the project, as these actions will help you save a lot of money and time. But if you are already buying finished house, and the walls and floors are not insulated, then you can use our instructions that will allow you to do this work yourself, without resorting to the help of professional workers.

If the house has a basement without heating, how to properly carry out thermal insulation work?

If in your country house there is a basement, then in order to insulate concrete floors, you need to perform slightly different actions. Also, the insulation of concrete floors can be carried out according to the scheme described above for the insulation of concrete floors on the first floors independently.

You make a warm floor using the same method, only it is worth considering that mineral plates should be used as a heat-insulating material, and extruded polystyrene foam can be used as insulation. This material must be used, since between the floor and the base of the building there is a room in which there is constantly cold air, and water vapor is formed. And if moisture, even in small volumes, gets into any layer of the insulating coating, then after a while mold and fungus will form.

There is also such an option for insulating floors in rooms with a basement, how to directly process the basement ceiling with heat-insulating material. To do this process, you need to install polystyrene foam plates (you can glue and nail with a dowel) to the ceiling surface of the basement.

This method is very effective and does not require specialized training, and if the type of ceiling in the basement is not important to the owner of the house, then it is not necessary to finish and process the surface.

The ideal option can be considered if the basement will have good and constant ventilation. It is much easier to protect the building from low temperatures than to protect it from dampness, and the floors will serve their owners much longer. In those cases, if the basement is heated, then it will not be superfluous to insulate the basement, as this will prevent heat loss.

To properly insulate the concrete floor of the first floor, you need to carefully study all the nuances this process, since only proper insulation will give the desired result, and you will get a comfortable room. For some projects, it is necessary to make a drawing so that all the little things are provided.

As a rule, many people have a large number of questions when choosing a heater, in fact, the choice of this material must be approached with all seriousness. Consider some types of thermal insulation material.

It is very convenient to use expanded clay as a heater, the cost of such material is available to everyone, but a large layer is required. When working, you need to apply several sizes.

You can use sawdust, which can be found even for free, this material has a low thermal conductivity, thus the heat in the room will be well preserved. But there are also disadvantages, since fungi and insects can form in such material. If it is not possible to produce good insulation of the material, then it is better not to use sawdust.

You can use polystyrene foam, it has very high performance, but rodents can start in it, and during a fire harmful substances will be formed that will adversely affect human health.

Before performing any repair actions, it is better to first carefully study all the recommendations so that your house turns out to be really warm!

remvizor.ru

Insulation of the floor of the first floor: the sequence of work

Any home must comply with building standards, be warm, cozy and comfortable. Special attention is given to the first floor, which is closest to the ground base. With poor thermal insulation or in the presence of "cold bridges", heat will leave the building into the ground. As a result, the cost of heating the house will increase. Studies have shown that up to 20% of heat escapes through the floor of the first floor. It is unlikely that anyone will want to heat the street, so you need to take care of the insulation of the floor of the first floor. How to insulate the basement read in a separate article.

The choice of material for insulation

Modern building technology offer a variety of effective materials and methods of insulation. The choice of material depends on design features the first floor and the technical and economic indicators of the insulation itself. Usually, the method of insulation is laid down by an engineer during the development of a house project, but even if the building has cold floors, it is always possible to insulate the floor after building a house. Read which floor insulation is better in a separate article.

Popular materials

The scheme of insulation of the floor of the first floor

What to look for:

Examine the appearance so that the building material does not have visible defects. During operation, flaws can interfere with technological installation.
Check the conformity of the dimensions and shape of the material. Meet soft insulation, such as mineral wool, which can always be bent and compressed. But if a rigid product is used, then additional difficulties will arise with non-standard sizes.
You need to choose the right density of the material. If your house has a technical floor or basement, then the insulation will have to be laid along the ceiling between the basement and the clean level of the first floor. A denser material will load the structure of the house, which is unacceptable in some cases. It will take an accurate calculation or the choice of a less dense material. The exception is floors arranged directly on the ground base.
When choosing a material, you need to take into account its water absorption. Since the first floor is located close to the ground, it is always elevated level humidity. With poor waterproofing of the foundation, capillary suction of moisture occurs. When moisture penetrates the insulation, it not only spoils it, but also increases heat loss. In this case, you need to choose a material with minimal water absorption or make a good waterproofing.
The thermal conductivity of the material must be minimal. Thermal conductivity is the ability of a material to transfer energy from hot places to cool places. The lower it is, the better it keeps the heat in the house.

back to content

Concrete floors are the strongest and most durable, and most often they are used in construction. Especially when it comes to the first floor, arranged directly on the ground base. A thick concrete screed is poured directly onto the ground, along which the floor of the first floor is then laid.

Concrete has a disadvantage: it is very cold. To reduce the thermal conductivity of the material, resort to small tricks. During the pouring of the concrete base, large fractions of crushed stone from the mixture are replaced with warmer and lighter expanded clay. The strength of concrete from such castling will not decrease much, but the thermal conductivity will become several times better.

Floor insulation on a concrete floor

In especially cold climatic regions of our country, the concrete base is made multi-layered. First, it is poured with ordinary rubble, then high-quality waterproofing is laid, and on it the next concrete layer with expanded clay. If the owner of the house wants to control the heat in the house, then you can first lay the "warm floor" system in concrete. This may be a circulating hot water piping system or an electric floor heating system. It is easy to control such a floor by adding a degree if it gets colder outside the window.

General scheme of concrete floor insulation

If you have high ceilings, then you can use an environmentally friendly and cost-effective material - sawdust concrete. The laying of the material will require 15 cm of space in height. The material itself does not need to be bought in a store, it is produced directly at the construction site. It is necessary to mix sand, cement and sawdust, and then pour into the base of the first floor. Sometimes a floor of several layers is combined. In the first main layer with a thickness of 70-80 mm there will be approximately 6 parts of sawdust to 3 parts of cement with sand. The next finishing layer is 20-25 mm thick. Sawdust concrete gains strength, like a conventional concrete base, within 28 days. After exposure, it can be exploited.

Back to content

Insulation of the wooden floor on the first floor

Many people love natural wood, so it's no secret that wooden houses very popular. Although the tree itself has a small thermal conductivity, in some cases additional insulation is required. Even if the house is already assembled from a bar, you can always easily disassemble the wooden floor of the first floor and make additional insulation. Basically, for insulation, they take elastic and soft materials with low density. The floor surface is disassembled and mineral wool, foam plastic or expanded clay is poured between the bearing lags. A waterproofing layer should be provided so that moisture does not get into the insulation.

Very popular lately "dry floor". As a heater and filler, they take the smallest expanded clay, which looks almost like a crumb. First, the old floor is dismantled. With the help of beacons gypsum plaster and metal profiles create a level plane of the future floor. At the next stage, expanded clay is simply poured between the profiles and ironed with a rule to achieve a dense and uniform backfill. When expanded clay is leveled, it remains to lay sheets of gypsum fiber on top of it. This is a more durable type of drywall that can withstand significant operational loads.

"Dry floors" are afraid of moisture! Therefore, before backfilling expanded clay, it is necessary to lay a plastic film, which will serve as a vapor and moisture barrier. If waterproofing is not done, then moisture will flow from the soil, and over time, fungi and mold will appear on the floor. When the gypsum fiber is laid, it remains to putty the grooves between them. Now the floor is ready for laying any floor covering on it: linoleum, laminate or parquet.

The scheme of insulation of the floor of the first floor according to wooden beams

A dry floor is the warmest option for any home. With minimal thermal conductivity, it reliably retains heat in your home. The cost of heating and heating the house is reduced. Do-it-yourself dry floor screed can be done in any type of home. It is easily laid between the load-bearing beams of a wooden floor or on a concrete floor.

A “dry floor” does not require curing to gain strength, like a concrete base. It has a low density and almost weightlessness for the construction of the house. The lower the load on the foundation, the more economical its design is. light floor in wooden house allows you to completely abandon the traditional foundations. With a small load, metal piles can be used, which are screwed into the ground directly on the construction site without the use of complex lifting mechanisms.

Back to content

Video

There are a lot of ways to insulate the first floor so that each owner of the house can choose based on design and operational considerations.