Making a hipped roof at home with your own hands. Do-it-yourself four-pitched roof. Do-it-yourself hipped roof, sequence of work

Building a frame for a roof with four slopes is a difficult process with characteristic technological features. During the construction, their own structural components are used, the sequence of work is different. But the result will amaze with its spectacular shape and durability when repelling atmospheric attacks. And House master can be proud of personal achievements in the field of a roofer.

However, before deciding on a device of a similar design, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the algorithm according to which the truss system of a hipped roof is being built and with the specifics of its device.

The hipped roof class combines two types of structures that resemble a square and rectangular envelope in plan. The first variety is called tent, the second - hip. Against the background of their pitched counterparts, they are distinguished by the absence of gables, called tongs in roofing. In the construction of both variants of four-pitched structures, layered and hanging rafters are used, the installation of which is carried out in accordance with standard technologies for the construction of pitched truss systems.

Characteristic differences within the four-slope class:

At the hipped roof, all four slopes are in the form of isosceles triangles, the tops of which converge at one highest point. There is no ridge as such in the tent construction; its function is performed by the central support in layered systems or the top of the hanging truss.
At hip roof a pair of main slopes has a trapezoidal configuration, and the second pair is triangular. The hip design differs from the tented counterpart in the obligatory presence of a ridge, to which the trapezoid adjoins the upper bases. Triangular slopes, they are also hips, adjoin the ridge top, and their sides are docked with the inclined sides of the trapezoid.

Based on the configuration of the roofs in the plan, it is clear that it is customary to erect tent structures over square buildings, and hip structures over rectangular houses. Both soft and soft are suitable as a coating. The characteristic square or rectangular shape is repeated by drawings truss system hipped roof with a clearly marked arrangement of elements in the plan and vertical projections of the slopes.

Often, hip and hip systems are used together in the construction of one object or effectively complement gable, single-pitched, broken and other roofs.

Constructions with four slopes can be based directly on the upper crown wooden house or on the Mauerlat, which serves as the upper strapping of brick or concrete walls. If you can find upper and lower supports for each rafter, the roof frame is constructed using layered technology.

Installing rafter legs is easier and more affordable for the inexperienced home roofer who needs to consider that:

With a rigid fastening of the upper and lower heels of the rafters with metal corners or with the help of a wooden support plate, a reinforced Mauerlat fastening will be required, because the spacer will be transferred to it.
With a rigid fixation of the upper heel and a hinged fastening of the bottom of the rafter, it is not necessary to strengthen the fastening of the Mauerlate, because. when the load on the roof is exceeded, the hinged mount, for example, on sliders, will allow the rafter to move slightly without creating pressure on the Mauerlat.
With a hinged fastening of the top of the rafters and a rigid fixation of the bottom, the spacer and pressure on the Mauerlat are also excluded.

The issues of fastening the Mauerlat and the method of installing the rafter legs, which are closely related to it, according to the rules, are resolved at the design stage of the house. If the building does not have an internal load-bearing wall or it is not possible to build reliable supports under the central part of the roof, nothing will work except for the hanging assembly scheme of the truss system. True, in most cases, a layered method of construction is used, for the implementation of which it is necessary to foresee the bearing support inside the building in advance.

In the device of truss systems for tented and hip hipped roofs, specific structural elements, This:

Diagonal rafter legs forming the ridge joints of the slopes. In hip structures, diagonals, they are also rafters, connect the consoles of the ridge run to the corners of the roof. In tent systems, slanted legs connect the top to the corners.
Narozhniki, or truss semi-legs, installed perpendicular to the cornices. They rely on diagonal rafters, are located parallel to each other, therefore they differ in different lengths. Narozhniki form the planes of tent and hip slopes.

Diagonal rafters and joists are also used for the construction of valleys, only then concave roof corners are arranged, and not convex like hip ones.

The whole complexity of building frames for roofs with four slopes lies in the installation of diagonal rafters, which determine the result of the formation of the structure. In addition, the slopes are required to steadfastly hold a load one and a half times greater than ordinary truss legs of pitched roofs. Because they work part-time as a hobby, i.e. support for the upper heel of the sprigs.

If you briefly describe the procedure for building a layered frame for a hipped roof, then you can meet the following steps:

Mauerlat device on brick or concrete walls. The process of installing a Mauerlat on walls made of logs or timber can be abolished, because. it can be successfully replaced by the upper crown.
Installation of a central support for a hipped structure or a supporting frame for the main part of a hip roof.
Installation of ordinary layered rafters: pairs for a hipped roof and a row determined by the design solution for hip design.
Installation of diagonal rafter legs connecting the corners of the systems with the top of the support or the extreme points of the ridge.
Production by size and fastening of sprigs.

In the case of using a hanging frame scheme, the start of the construction of the hipped frame will be the installation of a triangular truss truss in the center. The installation of a series of truss trusses will be the beginning of the installation of a four-pitched hip truss system.

Construction of a hip truss system

Let's take a look at one of the common examples of a hip roof device with layered rafter legs. They will have to rely on floor beams laid on top of the Mauerlat. Rigid fastening with a notch will only be used to fix the top of the rafter legs on the ridge run, so there is no need to strengthen the Mauerlat fasteners. The dimensions of the box of the house shown in the example are 8.4 × 10.8 m. The actual dimensions of the roof in the plan will increase on each side by the amount of the cornice overhang, by 40-50 cm.

Mauerlat base device

Mauerlat is a purely individual element, the method of its installation depends on the material of the walls and the architectural features of the building. The method of laying the Mauerlat is planned according to the rules during the design period, because for reliable fixation of the Mauerlat it is recommended:

Lightweight foam concrete, gas silicate and similar walls should be equipped with a reinforced reinforced concrete belt, poured along the perimeter, with anchors installed during the pouring period for attaching the Mauerlat.
Brick walls should be edged with a side in one or two bricks along the outer edge so that a ledge for laying is formed along the inner edge wooden frame. During masonry, wooden plugs are laid between the bricks for attaching the mauerlat with brackets to the wall.

A Mauerlat is made from a bar measuring 150 × 150 or 100 × 150 mm. If the operation of the under-roof space is supposed, it is advisable to take the bars thicker. The timber is connected into a single frame with oblique cuts. Then the joints are reinforced with self-tapping screws, ordinary nails or capercaillie, and the corners are reinforced with brackets.

On top of the Mauerlat aligned to the horizon, constructed in the best way for a particular building, floor beams are laid. A bar with a section of 100 × 200 mm is used. First of all, a beam is laid, passing exactly along the central axis of the building. In the example, the length of the beam for the construction of solid beams is not enough, because they are assembled from two beams. The docking point should be located above a reliable support. In the example, the support is an internal load-bearing wall.

The step between the floor beams is 60 cm. If the equipped box does not have ideal parameters, as it happens in most situations, the distance between the beams can be slightly changed. Such an adjustment allows you to slightly "make up" the flaws in the construction. Between the extreme beams on both sides and the walls of the house there should be a gap of 90 cm wide, necessary for the installation of extensions.

Because floor beams can independently form only two cornice overhangs, short half-beams of floor - extension are attached to their ends. They are first installed only in the area of \u200b\u200bthe main part of the hip roof, exactly where the rafter legs are to be mounted. They are nailed to the mauerlat with nails, fastened to the beam with screws, large-caliber nails, dowels, reinforce the fasteners with corners.

The construction of the ridge

The central part of the hip roof is an ordinary gable structure. The rafter system for her is arranged according to the rules that dictate. In the example, there are some deviations from the classical interpretation of the pitched principle: the bed is not used, on which, traditionally, supports for the ridge run are installed. The work of the bed will have to be performed by the central floor beam.

In order to build the ridge part of the hip roof truss system, you need:

Build a support frame for the rafter legs, the top of which will rest on the ridge run. The run will be based on three supports, the central of which is installed directly on the central floor beam. To install the two extreme supports, first two transverse bars are laid, overlapping at least five floor beams. Stability is enhanced with two struts. For the manufacture of horizontal and vertical parts of the support frame, a bar with a section of 100 × 150 mm was used, the struts were made from a board of 50 × 150 mm.
Make rafter legs, for which you must first make a template. A board of suitable dimensions is applied to the installation site, lines of future cuts are drawn on it. She will be the template for the in-line production of rafters.
Install the rafter legs, resting them with a notch on the ridge run, and with the lower heel on the take-out located opposite.

If the floor beams were laid across the box, then the rafters of the main part of the roof would rest on the floor beams, which is much more reliable. However, in the example, they rely on the removal, therefore, additional mini-supports must be arranged under them. These supports should be positioned so that the load from them and the rafters located above is transferred to the walls.

Then three rows of extensions are mounted on each of the four sides. For the convenience of implementing further actions, the contour of the roof is drawn up with a cornice board. It must be nailed to the floor beams and extensions strictly horizontally.

Installation of corner offsets

In the space limited by the cornice board, there were corner sections left unfilled with details of the truss system. Here you will need corner offsets, for the installation of which is carried out as follows:

In order to indicate the direction of installation, we pull the cord. We stretch from the point of conditional intersection of the extreme support of the frame with the floor beam to the corner.
From above, along the lace, we apply a bar to its place. Holding the bar, from below we outline the lines of saw cuts at the point where the bar intersects the floor beam and corner connection cornice boards.
We attach the finished takeaway with sawn off excess to the Mauerlat and to the floor beam with corners.

The remaining three corner extensions are manufactured and mounted in the same way.

Installation of diagonal rafters

Diagonal, they are also slanting, rafter legs are made of two boards sewn together with a cross section equal to the size of ordinary rafters. In the example, one of the boards will be slightly higher than the second due to the difference in the angles of the hips and trapezoidal slopes.

The sequence of works for the manufacture and installation of the braids:

From highest point skate we pull the lace to the corners and to the central point of the slope. These are auxiliary lines along which we will mark the upcoming cuts.
With a carpenter's goniometer - we measure the angle between the lace and the upper side of the angular offset with a small one. This determines the angle of the lower cut. Suppose it is equal to α. The angle of the upper cut is calculated by the formula β = 90º - α.
At an angle β, we cut down one edge of an arbitrary trimming of the board. We apply it to the place of the upper attachment, aligning the edge of this blank with the cord. We outline the excess that interferes with a tight installation. You need to cut again along the marked lines.
At an angle α, we saw off the lower heel on another piece of board.
We make the first half of the diagonal rafter using the patterns of the upper and lower support. If a solid board is not enough in length, two pieces can be spliced. You can splice them with a meter-long piece of an inch planted on self-tapping screws; it should be placed on the outside of the oblique leg being constructed. We install the finished first part.
We do the second part of the rafter in the same way, but we take into account that it should be slightly lower than its first half. The area where the boards are connected into one element should not coincide with the area where the boards are joined in the first half of the sloping.
We sew two boards with nails in a run-up with a step of 40-50 cm.
On a lace stretched to the center of the slope, we draw a line along which it will be necessary to adjust the cut to join it with the adjacent rafter.

Following the described algorithm, it is necessary to install three more diagonal legs. Under each of them, supports should be installed at the point of attachment of the corner offsets to the beams. If the span is more than 7.5 m, another support is installed diagonally closer to the ridge.

Manufacturing and installation of hip rafters

The lace between the top of the skate and the center of the slope is already stretched. It served as an axis for outlining the cuts, and now you need to measure the angle γ along it and calculate the angle δ \u003d 90º - γ. Without deviating from the proven path, we prepare templates for the upper and lower support. We apply the upper trim to the place intended for it and mark the cut lines on it for a tight fit between the diagonal rafters. According to the blanks, we make the central leg of the hip and fix it where it is supposed to.

In the space between the corner outriggers and the cornice board, we install short extensions to stiffen the structure and to ensure a strong fixation of the shortest, shortest outriggers. Next, you should start making templates for the sparrows themselves:

We cut the board cut at an angle δ and attach it to the place of attachment to the diagonal rafter.
In fact, we outline the surplus that needs to be cut down again. The resulting template is used in the manufacture of all sprigs, for example, the right side of the hip. For the left side, the upper template will be filed from the opposite side.
As a template for the lower heel of the sprigs, we use a piece of board sawn off at an angle γ. If all the previous steps were performed correctly, then this template is used to make the lower attachment points for all other sprigs.

In accordance with the actual length and "indications" of the templates, sprigs are made, which are necessary for the formation of the hip planes and the parts of the main slopes that are not filled with ordinary rafter legs. They are installed so that the upper attachment points of the sprigs to the diagonal rafters are located in a run, i.e. the upper connecting nodes of adjacent slopes should not converge in one place. The sprigs are attached to the sloping rafter leg with corners, to floor beams and extensions in the way that is more reasonable and convenient: corners or metal gear plates.

The hipped roof technology is based on already familiar hip principles. True, there is no ridge part of the truss system in their design. The construction begins with the installation of a central support, to which the sloping rafters are attached, and then the slats. If hanging technology is used in the construction of the roof with an envelope, then the finished truss truss is installed first.

We invite you to take advantage of our free online calculator for calculating building materials when installing a hip roof - and follow the instructions.

Helpful Video Instructions

Briefly with the sequence and rules for installing the truss system of a hipped roof of hip and hip categories, the video will acquaint you:

Having familiarized yourself with the specifics of the device and having mastered the intricacies of installing roofs with four slopes, you can safely proceed to the implementation of plans for its construction.

The roof is at least important element home than the foundation and walls. Its design sets the mood for the entire architectural ensemble, makes the building neat and attractive. four pitched roof has gained wide popularity not only because of its high reliability and external attractiveness, but also due to the opportunity to equip additional structures - dormers and dormer windows, bay windows, etc. Despite the fact that the installation of such a roof is a little more expensive and more complicated than a gable structure, its It's just as easy to build with your own hands.

Advantages of hipped roofs over gable roofs

One of the main tasks that appears even at the stage of designing your own house is the choice of the type of roof. The presence of many options among gable and four-slope structures requires an answer to the question of which roof to give preference to. And although the aesthetics of the building plays an important role, the criteria for reliability and practicality still come to the fore.

The gable roof is a classic structure, which is formed by two opposite slopes and a pair of vertical end parts, called gables. Spacious roof space allows you to equip the attic, living space or use the attic for domestic purposes.

The classic gable roof is easily recognizable by a pair of rectangular slopes that adjoin each other along the central axis of the building, and two triangular gables from its ends.

Structures of this type, due to their simplicity and practicality, remained the most popular in individual construction for a long time. At the same time, the dependence of the geometry of the roof on the size of the building, as well as the complication and rise in cost of the structure during the arrangement of the attic, forced the search for other, more practical and functional options. And they were found in the form of a variety of hipped roofs, which basically have a pair of triangular and two trapezoidal slopes. The latter are often called hips, and the roof itself is called hip. When erecting a structure of this type, there is no need for gables and it becomes possible to make the building more modern and original.

The slopes of the simplest hip roof define surfaces in the form of two trapezoids and a pair of triangles

There are several advantages of hip roofs over traditional gable structures:

the possibility of arranging attic windows directly on the slopes;
increased strength, reliability and stability of the truss system;
increased resistance to weather factors;
the possibility of increasing the area of the attic space by simply reducing the width of the base of the hip;
more even weight distribution of the roof;
improved temperature regime when arranging an attic room.

Don't be fooled by the numerous advantages of a more stylish hipped roof - it also has its drawbacks. These include more complex structure, a slight decrease in the size of the attic space and uneconomical consumption of roofing material. As for the costs, the budget that will be required for the construction of one and the other roof differs slightly.

The four-pitched roof is not a know-how in architecture - its design has been known since ancient times

Classification of hip roofs

Differences in the form of buildings, as well as the requirements for functionality and practicality of traditional hip roofing, contributed to the emergence of many variations. If we do not consider the most exotic of them, then we can distinguish several main types of hipped roofs.

Traditional hip roof, the side slopes of which reach the level of the eaves. For the construction of its main surfaces, straight rafters are used, and the hip ribs form bars extending from the ends of the ridge. The well-designed design and weight distribution of the roof over an increased area allows not only to place the overhangs on the same line, but also to increase their overhang. Thanks to this, the facade of the building is reliably protected from rain even with strong gusts of wind.

Glazing elements are often built into the slopes of a classic hip roof.
A hipped roof can be installed on a house that has the shape of a square in plan. A feature of this design are slopes of the same configuration. Their edges converge to one point, and the hips have the shape of isosceles triangles.

Hip roofs are widely used in modern individual construction.
Half-hip roofs got their name because of the shortened hips. Unlike traditional roofing, their length is reduced by 1.5–3 times compared to the dimensions of the main slopes.

The side slopes of half-hipped roofs have a shortened length, so they do not reach the cornice line
The Danish semi-hip roof has a small pediment under the ridge and a short hip from the side of the eaves. This design allows you to install elements of ventilation and lighting directly into the vertical end of the roof, thereby eliminating the need for installation skylights.

The Danish project is good because it allows you to easily equip the attic
The semi-hipped Dutch roof has a vertical pediment that divides the hip into two short slopes. The Dutch truss system, although it has increased complexity, but it allows you to make the attic space more spacious and practical. In addition, this design is great for installing vertical glazing in the attic.

The roof built according to the Dutch project is still rare in our area
The broken hipped roof has several slopes of different sizes on one slope. Thanks to their different inclination, it is possible to increase the amount of under-roof space. Although a broken structure cannot be called simple, houses with such a roof are very common. The reason for the popularity is the ability to equip additional living rooms on the upper tier. For this reason, a roof with broken slopes is often called a mansard.

broken roof somewhat burdens the architecture of the building, but it allows you to equip several living quarters in the attic space

There are also more complex structures of many hips, as well as those in which a hipped roof is combined with roofing systems of other types. The design and installation of such a roof requires many years of experience and knowledge, so it is better to entrust the construction of a tricky roof to specialists.

Design of pitched roofs

When developing a hip roof, all types of loads that will affect it are taken into account. To do this, first of all, it is necessary to solve several important issues:

purpose of the attic space;
roofing material;
degree of atmospheric impact in the region of construction.

Based on these factors, the degree of inclination of the slopes and the roof area are determined, the loads are calculated and a decision is made on the design and parameters of the truss system.

Geometric parameters of slopes

The angle of inclination of the slopes depends on the snow and wind load, therefore it varies over a very wide range - from 5 to 60 degrees. In areas with rainy weather and high snow cover, roofs are erected with a slope of 45 to 60 degrees. If the region is characterized by strong winds and minimal rainfall, then the slope can be reduced to the very minimum.

When determining the angular parameters of the roof, it is necessary to take into account what material it will be covered with:

slate sheets, ondulin, roofing metal and roll materials laid on slopes with a slope of 14 to 60 degrees;
tiles are mounted on the surface with a degree of slope from 30 to 60 degrees;
roll coating is used on sloping slopes - from 5 to 18 degrees.

Having decided on the angle of inclination of the roof, it is not at all difficult to calculate at what height the ridge will be. To do this, use simple trigonometric formulas for a right triangle.

Roof area

Even the most complex hip roof consists of individual slopes that follow the contours of the simplest geometric shapes, therefore, most often for calculations it is enough to know the linear dimensions of the base and the angles of inclination of the hips.

To determine the quadrature of the roof, it is necessary to add the area of \u200b\u200bthe slopes of which it consists

The total roof area is calculated by summing the quadrature of the individual hips. The slopes of a complex configuration are divided into several simple surfaces, after which separate calculations are carried out for each of them.

The principles for calculating the geometric parameters of hipped roofs are based on calculations for simple surfaces

Load calculation

The loads acting on the hipped roof are divided into two types:

permanent,
periodic.

The first includes the weight of roofing materials, rafters, battens and other frame parts. The second is the effort exerted by precipitation and the force of the wind. In addition, the calculation should take into account the payload in the form of a variety of engineering systems and communications attached to the elements of the truss system.

Focusing on SNiP, when designing a roof, it is necessary to take a snow load of 180 kg / sq. m. If there is a danger of snow accumulation on the roof, this parameter rises to 400–450 kg / sq. m. m. If the roof has a slope angle of more than 60 degrees, then the snow load can be ignored - precipitation does not linger on surfaces with such steep slopes.

The strength of wind loads is much less - up to 35 kg / sq. m. If the slope of the roof is from 5 to 30 degrees, then the impact that the wind has can be neglected.

The above parameters of atmospheric effects are average values taken for middle lane. When performing calculations, correction factors should be used depending on the region of construction.

Calculation of the truss system

When calculating the rafter system, the pitch of the rafters and the maximum load that they can carry are determined. Based on these data, a decision is made to install braces that contribute to the redistribution of the load, and puffs that protect the frame from loosening.

The main load of the hip roof falls on the diagonal rafters

The presence of hips on hipped roofs, in addition to conventional rafters, also requires the installation of diagonal (in other words, slanting) - those that are attached to the ridge and go to the corners of the building. Their length is greater than the transverse nodal elements of the roof. In addition, shortened elements - sprigs - are attached to the diagonal ribs. Compared to conventional rafters, slanting legs experience a load increased by 1.5–2 times, so their cross section is doubled, and to ensure multi-span, they are supported by one or two racks.

Often, hip roofs have a complicated truss system, which, unlike a simple four-slope structure, exerts an additional load at the installation sites of vertical supports. This feature must be taken into account when calculating the strength of the wooden frame of the roof.

The distance of laying the rafters is called a step and is determined based on the length of the rafter leg and the cross section of the lumber used. It is most convenient to determine this parameter using special tables, one of which is given below.

Table: dependence of the section and pitch of the rafters on their length

Manual calculations are quite laborious. To reduce design time, you can use one of the online calculators to determine the parameters of hip roofs. With its help, you can determine not only the geometric parameters, but also a lot of other equally important factors:

the amount of moisture and heat insulation, taking into account overlaps;
the amount of roofing material, including waste generated during cutting;
the volume of lumber required for arranging the truss system;
length of overhangs, etc.

Video: using a construction calculator to calculate the roof

What materials will be needed to assemble the truss system

For the construction of a hip roof, timber and a board made of larch, pine and other coniferous wood are best suited. When choosing a material for construction, it is necessary to carefully reject defective boards. Fungal damage, knots and cracks reduce the strength of the boards and affect the durability of the roof. When the moisture content of the wood is more than 22%, the lumber is stacked in the open air and dried. It should be understood that under-dried boards can warp, and this, in turn, will lead to a violation of the geometry of the roof with possible damage finish coating.

To assemble a wooden frame, a rectangular beam with a cross section from 80x80 mm to 150x150 mm is used - the exact parameters are determined by calculation or using the table above. Alternatively, you can use a board with a section of 50x100 mm or 50x200 mm. If there is a need to strengthen the rafter leg, then paired boards are used.

For reliable fastening, as well as increasing the rigidity of the wooden frame, steel brackets and other metal elements are used. Often, not wooden, but steel supports are installed under especially loaded ridge runs. Combined frames have increased strength and reliability.

Features of the truss system

In order to properly design and install a four-pitched roof, it is necessary to understand in detail its design, as well as the features of the arrangement of hip roofs of the most common types.

The device of the truss system in detail

The hip roof frame consists of most of the same parts as the gable roof, but a more complex truss system requires the installation of additional elements. Upon closer examination, the following components can be found:

All these elements can be found in a hipped roof of any type. The only exception is the hipped roof, which does not have side rafters and a ridge beam.

In wooden and frame houses, the truss system is mounted without a Mauerlat. In the first case, its functions are taken over by the extreme crowns, and in the second - by the upper harness.

Varieties of hip roof truss systems

Since the hip roof truss system is based on rafters, the following rules must be followed when installing the roof frame:

In structures where the sloping legs experience an increased load, a beam of double thickness is used for their manufacture.
Splice separate parts diagonal rafters are performed in places with maximum load (most often in their upper part) and strengthened with struts and vertical posts installed at an angle of 90 ° to the rafter legs.
In the manufacture of rafters, a margin for trimming in place should be provided, therefore, the estimated length of the timber is increased by 5–10%.
Responsible joints of the rafter legs must be reinforced with metal fasteners - staples, twists or perforated building strips.

When choosing a rafter system, it is necessary to take into account the size of the building and the presence of internal supports or capital walls. Based on specific conditions, choose a scheme with hanging or layered rafters.

Hanging rafter system

The hanging rafter roof structure has no midline supports, so the bulk of the weight falls on the walls of the outer perimeter. This feature manifests itself in the redistribution of internal forces - the rafter system is subjected to compressive and bending loads. As for the walls, significant bursting forces are transmitted to them. To eliminate this factor, each pair of rafters is interconnected by so-called puffs - jumpers made of wooden beams or rolled metal.

The puff can be located both at the base of the rafter legs and above. In the first case, the jumper will also play the role of a transverse beam, which is a good option during construction. mansard roof. If the puff is installed in the region of the midline or higher, then it will only serve as a fixing link. It should be noted that the cost of the truss system depends on such a seemingly insignificant moment as the installation height of the puffs. The higher the transverse jumpers are located, the larger the cross section of all components of the wooden frame should be.

Hip roofs with layered and hanging rafters have differences between the supporting structural elements

Structural rafter construction

A hip roof with layered rafters is only suitable for those houses whose interior space is divided into two equal parts by a main wall or supporting pillars installed to support the ceiling. In this case, the lower edge of the rafter legs rests on the Mauerlat, and the middle part rests on the supporting wall. The presence of additional support points allows you to unload the elements of the truss system, removing sign-variable horizontal forces from them, as well as from the walls of the building. Like roof beams, rafters begin to work only in bending. The frame with layered rafters becomes more rigid and durable compared to the design that uses unsupported rafters. And this despite the fact that in the first case, you can use a beam of a smaller section. And this helps to reduce the weight of a wooden structure and reduces the cost of purchasing lumber.

Installation of a pitched roof

The assembly of the truss system must be carried out in a strictly defined order. This is necessary in order to properly install and secure all structural elements of the roof.

To redistribute the load that the roof structure, wind and precipitation exert on the walls, a Mauerlat is laid on the outer walls. In individual construction, a bar with a section of at least 100x150 mm is used for these purposes. Anchor studs are used to fasten the longitudinal beams of the structure. They must be laid in the upper rows of masonry even at the stage of building walls. Mauerlat waterproofing is performed using two layers of roofing material, which is laid on top bearing walls.

Mauerlat is fixed to the load-bearing wall with bolts or anchors.
If it is necessary to install vertical supports, beds are laid on the bearing walls. For horizontal alignment of the elements of the truss system, wooden linings are used. In the future, this will greatly simplify the installation of racks and runs. If capital partitions are not provided for by the building plan, then vertical supports are mounted on floor beams. To do this, they are reinforced by splicing two boards 50x200 mm or using one bar 100x200 mm.

The support of vertical racks on beams is allowed only if the structure will rest on the main pier
Set up support stands. To level them, use a plumb line or laser level, after which temporary supports are installed. To attach a vertical support to a bed or a horizontal beam, metal corners and plates are used.
Runs are laid on top of the racks. The traditional hip roof requires the installation of one run, which, in fact, forms the ridge. Tent structures require the installation of four runs. As with the installation of racks, fastening is carried out using metal corners and self-tapping screws.

The ridge run can be fastened both directly to the rafter leg and by means of wooden slips
Rafter preparation. The side rafter legs of simple four-slope roofs are mounted in the same way as the rafters on a gable roof. First you need to make a template. To do this, from the side of the extreme support, a board of the same width as the rafters is applied to the ridge. Its thickness should not exceed 25 mm - the template should be light. On this board, a gash is noted, which is necessary for reliable support and an exact fit of the rafter leg to the ridge beam, as well as a cutout corresponding to the place of joining with the Mauerlat. The marked places are cut out and then used for quick preparation of rafter legs.

Making a template can reduce the time it takes to prepare rafters for installation
When applying the manufactured sample to the running beam, it is necessary to check whether an exact fit of the rafters is needed. If there are gaps, cuts in the rafters are performed taking into account the amendments. After all the supporting legs are ready, they are set in increments of 50–150 cm and attached to the Mauerlat and the ridge. Staples are best suited for mounting, but powerful metal corners can also be taken.
As already mentioned, diagonal rafters are made from spliced boards or a beam of increased cross section. For their installation, you will also need a template, which is prepared in full accordance with the method described above. Since the rafters on one side adjoin the corner of the Mauerlat, and on the other they rest on the racks, the sawing is performed at an angle of 45 ° to the plane.

The layout of the rafters and joists on the hip roof is performed according to the template
In the intervals between the slanting rafters, sprigs are attached. Their step corresponds to the distance between the rafters, and the diagonal legs and the Mauerlat act as support points. The load experienced by the rafters cannot be compared with the weight that falls on the rafters, so the first can be built from boards 30-50 mm thick. To speed up the installation, you will need a template with cuts from the side of the diagonal rafter and Mauerlat, but the cutouts on half of the sprigs must be made in a mirror image.

The use of metal fasteners makes the truss system more rigid and stable.
If there is a need, then fillies are attached to the rafters and sprigs. The ends of the truss elements are cut along the cord.

Fastening rafters to the Mauerlat can be done in several ways
Strengthen the side and side rafters. In the first case, vertical trusses are used, and in the second, struts installed at an angle of 45 °. They are supported on beds or beams.
After the rafter system is assembled, a roofing pie is installed on top of it.

The truss system is prepared for the installation of roofing materials

Sheathing and insulation

Before proceeding with the installation of the battens, a vapor barrier is laid on top of the rafters, and, if necessary, roll thermal insulation. From above, the insulation layer is covered with a waterproofing film, which is mounted with an overlap of 10–20 mm wide and attached to the beam with a construction stapler. After that, the slats of the counter-lattice are nailed to the rafters. If the roofing pie is mounted without insulation, then vapor barrier is not required - a layer of moisture-resistant material will suffice. Of course, additional slats will not be needed, since the boards supporting the roof will be attached directly to the sprigs and rafter legs.

Depending on the type of roofing material, one of two types of lathing is used on hip roofs:

solid;
sparse.

The first is most often equipped under soft roof and only in some cases - for the arrangement of the attic. The crate of this type is made of boards with a width of 100 to 200 mm and a thickness of at least 20–25 mm. Installation is carried out without gaps. In addition, the use of plywood sheets and OSB boards is allowed. Their advantage is an extremely flat surface that allows you to lay roofing material with minimal time and effort.

Under a soft roof, a continuous sheathing of OSB, plywood or boards stuffed without a gap is equipped

For a sparse crate, the same boards are used as in the first case, however, they are mounted with a gap. Since this type of base is used for laying slate, corrugated board, metal tiles and roofing iron, the distance between the individual boards must take into account the characteristics of the roofing material.

The fastening of the crate is carried out with nails, the length of which is equal to three times the thickness of the boards. If self-tapping screws are used for fixing, then a shorter threaded fastener with a length corresponding to twice the thickness of the lumber can be used.

For fixing slate, ondulin and other sheet materials, a sparse crate is used

wooden base the roofing pie is mounted from the bottom up, while the first board of each slope is set parallel to the Mauerlat. First, the crate is stuffed on the hips, after which the protruding edges are cut with a hacksaw flush with the diagonal ribs. Next, they begin to fasten the lumber on the main slopes, releasing the edges of the boards behind the rafters. After that, the ends of the boards are cut down similarly to the first case.

Video: we build a hip roof with our own hands

Typical hip roof project

When building a simple hip roof, you can use a typical project that was developed by specialists. Project documentation includes:

technological map;
roofing design;
schemes of the truss system;
drawings of sections and corner joints;
statement and specification complete list materials used.

The documentation below is provided as an example. standard project hip roof for a house of 155 sq. m.

Gallery: drawings and diagrams of a hipped roof

The drawing indicates the exact dimensions of all elements of the roof. At the base of the truss truss are triangles. Rafters of trapezoidal slopes rest on the long load-bearing walls of the building. Puffs are installed at the base of the rafters and act as floor beams. rafter fastenings are used wooden and metal products Fastenings allow you to transfer the load from one element of the system to another

Despite the apparent complexity of a four-slope roof, it is not much more difficult to build it with your own hands than a gable structure. It is only important to carefully understand the purpose of the individual elements and the principles of constructing the truss system. Otherwise, the reliability and durability of the roof will still depend on compliance with the technology and accuracy of installation. As for the additional difficulties and costs, they will pay off with complete satisfaction from the work, which will make the building brighter and more attractive.

hipped roof, also called hip - is most popular in the construction of individual housing in most European countries. Except, perhaps, Scandinavia, which has a similar climate and building traditions with central and northern Russia. The Varangians, like the Eastern Slavs, preferred to build from solid wood and arrange simple gable roofs. In our time of comprehensive globalization, all industries are subject to human activity including architecture and construction. hip roof country house now fell in love with the inhabitants of the CIS countries and has become an integral part of the landscape of our villages and small towns.

We note the pros and cons of a hipped roof in comparison with the more common and structurally simple gable roof.

Benefits of a hip roof:

A properly designed and assembled hip roof, due to the absence of vertical end walls (pediments or gables), has low airflow resistance. Accordingly, it resists hurricane winds in the best way and is less prone to destruction of the roof in places of cornice overhangs (it does not have gables).
The four-pitched roof, due to the angular ribs converging to the ridge support beam, has a rigid structure and is not subject to any serious deformations.
The hip roof allows you to build large overhangs on all four sides of the building, thereby protecting the facades from precipitation.
A four-pitched roof makes a house with an attic visually lower. This is important when a building needs to be built into an existing one-story building without disturbing the balance and character of the building.
The hip roof is beautiful. Although not everyone agrees with this.

Four-slope roof of a two-story country house. Large overhangs protect walls well from rain and snow

Hip roof disadvantages:

Another option for integrating full-fledged windows into the roof.

Varieties of a hipped roof

The classic roof with four slopes assumes straight rafters without fractures, corner ribs start from the ridge, all overhangs are at the same height.
The main type of hipped roof. Two end sides have the shape of a triangle, the other two are trapezoids. Large overhangs protect the facade well from precipitation, and you can safely walk around the house in the rain.
A hipped roof is a type of hipped roof in which all the ribs converge at one central point.
A hipped roof is more suitable for a square house plan.
The Danish hip roof is a type of four-pitched roof with gables located in the upper part of the short slopes.
Diagram of the truss system of a Danish hipped roof. A small tong at the top of the short slope is used for ventilation or lighting.
Full vertical windows can be built into the Danish roof.
vertical windows
Another type of complex Danish hip roof with two slopes at the short end.
This type of roof is called Dutch.
A half-hip roof (also called a gabled half-hip roof) is actually a type of gable roof, since all the rafter legs resting on the Mauerlat are installed on the long side and parallel to each other.
A broken hipped roof is also called a mansard hip roof. It is more difficult to manufacture, but allows you to allocate a large area for living quarters.
The broken shape of the roof makes it possible to use the attic space more rationally, but it is more expensive
Sloping hipped roof - a distinctive feature traditional architecture China, Japan and Korea. Only they make a break in the wrong direction to which we are accustomed.
The hip roof can be not only hipped, various combinations are possible different types structures.
Combined type roofs, where the hip and gable construction are combined.

This roof is hipped, but there are many more slopes than four. But the principle by which the truss system is assembled is the same as that of a simple four-pitched one.

Design features of the truss system

Consider how to make a hipped roof on your own, while ensuring its reliability and strength. We choose a simple design with a central support.

Since only part of the rafters in the central sector of the long side are full length and converge in the ridge area, not the entire rafter system can be tightened with puffs - in the hip area they will not work as they do in a gable roof. In addition, often in the struggle for the height of the attic floor, the Mauerlat is located much higher than the plane of the floor and beams (puffs). Therefore, we will proceed from the fact that in our case, the truss system of a hipped roof will not use puffs as a structural element. The main load in the center of the roof will be carried by a beam located in the ridge zone: it will be supported by slanting and ordinary full-sized rafter legs.

Standard hipped roof construction with support in the ridge area

The ridge support beam must be supported by racks. In order to perceive a fairly solid load from them, ideally, there should be an internal load-bearing wall below. If there is none, the floor beams must be strong enough to support the weight of the central part of the roof. If the first floor is covered with precast concrete floor slabs, their load-bearing capacity is usually sufficient and the rack supports can be placed on the slabs through a horizontal wooden beam.

It is not necessary that the support should be located in the ridge area. Racks can be placed on the sides of the ridge, that is, there can be two or more support zones located along the ridge.

The photo shows that the skate does not rest on the racks.

The ridge is supported on both sides along the ridge on the racks. In this case, the racks directly support the rafters, the beam was not used. Each rafter beam has its own stand. Pretty solid solution.

A four-pitched roof over a small building can be mounted without racks

With small spans (up to 4 meters), you can do without racks. However, if possible, at least in the areas of intersection of the ridge with the braids, it is worth placing one puff and a rack each.

A small structure is covered without the use of racks or puffs

The truss system of a hipped roof is almost identical to the hip hip roof. Only instead of a ridge beam it is recommended to install a central support. Or arrange a closed support contour of beams and racks.

Variants of the hipped roof truss system. In the diagram on the left, the corner rafter (slope) rests on the truss, a similar solution can be used for all types of hip roofs.

The sequence of installation of a hipped roof

First of all, as in all types of roofs, a Mauerlat is mounted. For frame houses this is the top harness wall panel, for log cabins - the upper crown. As a Mauerlat, a wooden beam with a cross section of 10x10 cm or more is used, more often at least 10x15 or 15x15 cm. It is necessary to strive to ensure that it is solid along the entire length. The fastening of the beam must be given Special attention. For a stone wall, the ideal solution would be a reinforced concrete monolithic belt in the area of \u200b\u200bsupporting the Mauerlat with embedded parts pre-mounted in it (threaded studs from M12 and above). If this is not possible, you will have to fix the studs with metal expansion dowels in the masonry.

Mauerlat fastening scheme in masonry

Mauerlat connections along the length should not be made end-to-end, but in an overlay, with multiple connection points. The corners must be securely connected with metal plates, corners, staples.

The layout of the Mauerlat on the wall. Pay attention to the junction of elements and the connection of corners. On the right, the installation of a beam on a monolithic belt is shown.

The next step is the installation of racks and the installation of the supporting ridge or side beams parallel to it. For racks, as a rule, a beam of 10x10-10x15 cm is chosen, for a beam of a higher section: 8x16, 10x20 and more. The optimal ratio of width to height is 1 / 1.5-1 / 2, then the beam twists less when it dries. The same rule is true for the rafter beam.

The rack and support beam in this case are parallel to the ridge

In frame-panel houses, support beams are often not used, only racks with a rafter pitch are installed. In any case, a beam is placed on the skate, only of a smaller section. You can use an ordinary truss element. The skate is supported on temporary racks, which are then removed. The ridge serves as a guide element for mounting the entire structure.

Racks are installed in frame house. After installing the rafters, they are cut at the desired height.

Such a support contour is placed under a hipped roof, it replaces the central support

In the third place, they put corner (sloping) rafters. The loads on them are higher and the cross section should be higher. Although sometimes they prefer to first put the privates of full length, and only then mount the braids. This is unprincipled.

The truss system of the hip roof of a wooden frame. In this case, they did without any racks at all, instead they pulled the upper part of the rafters with double horizontal ties. It is better to mount the rafters on the wall of the log house on sliding supports.

First, racks and a ridge beam are mounted. The next step is the rafters, ordinary ones are placed. Corner (sloping) rafters are mounted from a bar of the same section as the rest. It is not right. The load on it is much higher and the cross section should be more powerful.

Sliding supports - The best decision fastening rafters to the wall for a log house

Then the remaining rafter legs are mounted, including shortened ones. The rafters themselves must be solid, in extreme cases, it is necessary to install linings at least 1.5 meters long at the joint and fix them on both sides at several points. Connections of wooden elements can be made by overlapping, using overhead metal plates. In the areas where the rafters are supported on the Mauerlat and beams, support cuts should be made and strong metal elements should be used.

This is how the rafters are attached to the mauerlat and beams

In accordance with the table, it is possible to roughly determine the cross section of a wooden beam for rafter legs.

For the corner rafter, the value obtained must be increased by at least 1.5 times

The rafter system is ready. Now you need to choose the type of roof and start building a suitable base for it: solid flooring or battens, if necessary, counter-battens and wind protection.

A do-it-yourself four-slope roof is quite a feasible task, at least for a house that is not difficult in terms of plan. General principles for all types of hip roofs: the mauerlat must be well fixed and connected at the corners, you need to start from the ridge, the racks need a good foundation. It is necessary to ensure reliable support of the roof with a large span and to monitor the reliability of all connections.

The fixation of the elements will be better when using special modern metal fasteners for wood, and it will be easier to work. Of course, you must have at least basic carpentry skills. Having a power tool helps a lot: a drill, a circular saw or a chainsaw. You also need to stock up on hand tools: saws, chisels, hammers. You will need measuring devices: carpentry level, plumb line, tape measure, cord.

During the construction of your own house, you have to solve thousands of issues, giving preference to one or another constructive solutions and materials. Even if the work is performed by a professional firm, the responsibility for this choice lies with the customer. And when a house is built independently, then not only the coordination of the project, but also its implementation falls on the shoulders of the homeowner.

In the old days, the knowledge of how to build a house was handed down by word of mouth from the old generation to the new one. Moreover, every adult man put them into practice, creating a home for his family. Now, a person without building skills does not know how to build with his own hands. However, one can obtain this information on the internet, ranging from finished projects and ending with video instructions.

Appearance and benefits

The four-pitched roof, which is also called the hip roof, consists of 4 inclined planes, slopes and a rectangular base. Two of them have a trapezoidal shape, they are located on the sides, and the end slopes resemble triangles and are located where gable roof there would be gables. Dormer or dormer windows, cuckoos, bay windows are placed on the slopes, which makes the appearance of such a roof even more interesting.

Those who are going to build a hipped roof with their own hands explain this choice by its advantages:

Create a project

Before starting construction, it is necessary to create its project and drawings in order to avoid mistakes in the process. installation work. After the length and width of the house is determined, the following calculations are made:

The composition of the truss system

To understand how to make a hipped roof, you need to know the composition of its truss system. This is a set of all supporting elements that form the frame on which the roofing material lies. It includes:

Frame installation

A four-pitched roof is erected quite simply, subject to availability necessary tool and a pair of physically strong assistants. Work is performed in the following order:

Having studied the question of how to make a hipped roof at home with your own hands, you can save a lot on the wages of a hired team and be sure of the quality of the work performed. Although the design is considered complex, its assembly is quite within the power of a person with initial building skills, theoretical knowledge and the desire to build a house on their own!

Video instruction

The classic four-slope even today remains unfamiliar for Russian latitudes and reminds of the overseas way of life. That is why it is built most often in order to give the architecture of a residential building a special effect in terms of style and perception, it is advantageous to distinguish it from the monotonous habitual buildings. In addition, a hipped roof - built with all the rules with your own hands - in practice has a large number of advantages, especially for the harsh Russian latitudes. Let's find out more?

Types of hipped roofs

The four-pitched roof has slopes that are made in the form of isosceles triangles and converge at one point with their vertices. If the hipped roof is square in plan when viewed from above, then it is called a hipped roof.

If it doesn’t come out square, but it turns out in the form of a rectangle, this is a hip roof. She got such an interesting name thanks to the slopes, which look like tongs-hips.

Dutch roof: classic four slopes

The Dutch, or hip roof is considered a classic option, which is particularly resistant to wind and snow.

The surface of a standard hip roof forms two trapezoidal slopes on the long sides and the same number of triangular ones on the short sides. Unlike a hipped roof, this form, according to modern architects, is considered more aesthetic.

The hip roof truss system involves the installation of four rafters - diagonal support bars that go from the two tops of the slopes to the upper corners of the building.

But the half-hip roof, in turn, is of two types: when the side slopes cut off only part of the butt from above, or already below, that is, the half-hip itself can be a triangle or a trapezoid, and be called Danish or half-hip Dutch.

Half hip Dutch roof: extra stability

A half-hipped Dutch roof is both an option and gable design, and four-sided. It differs from the classic version by the presence of truncated hips - triangular end slopes. According to the rules, the length of the hip of the Dutch roof should be 1.5-3 times less than the length of the side trapezoidal slopes.

The advantage of such a roof is that it is possible to install a vertical roof window here, and at the same time there is no sharp ledge, like a gable roof, which, in turn, increases the ability of the roof to withstand extreme wind loads.

Half-hip Danish roof: European traditions

But the Danish half-hip roof is a kind of purely hip construction. In this case, only the lower part of the end slope is mounted, and a small vertical gable is left under the ridge.

The advantage of this design is that it allows you to abandon roof windows that are problematic in terms of waterproofing in the roof and provide natural light to the attic by installing full-fledged vertical glazing, which is now especially fashionable.

Hip roof: perfect proportions

A hipped roof is usually placed on buildings that have the same length of walls, which form a square perimeter. In such a four-pitched roof, all the slopes are in shape - the same isosceles triangles, the roofer's dream, in a word, and the builder's nightmare.

The fact is that the construction of a classic hipped roof is even more difficult than that of a hip roof, because here the rafters must all converge at one point:

Roof truss system with four slopes

Here is the simplest example of building a standard hip roof for a small country house:

Stage I. Planning and design

Before how to make a hipped roof, be sure to think through all its details, to the smallest detail. Even the simplest hipped roof device must be built according to the finished drawing. The point is that the finished gable roof flaws and distortions are almost noticeable, but if you make a mistake somewhere in the construction of the same hip or hipped roof, then the diagonal rafters simply will not converge in the ridge and it will be extremely difficult to fix it.

And therefore, if you own special programs, create a 3D model of the future roof directly in them, and if not, then just prepare a detailed drawing and it’s good if a professional helps you with this. All the details of such a roof must be calculated - to the smallest detail!

By the way, today it is quite fashionable to make not only a hipped roof, but also its individual functional elements:

Stage II. Procurement of structural elements

So, if you took a finished drawing of the roof or sketched it yourself and are confident in the future quality, it's time to prepare the necessary elements of the truss system. And for this, first we will figure out how they are called correctly.

So, the first thing you have to take care of before building a hipped roof is Mauerlat. This is a beam of square or rectangular section, which you will lay on the top of the walls around the entire perimeter of the house. It will become a support for the rafters, which will transfer the load to it, and it is this board that will evenly distribute the weight of the entire roof onto the walls of the house and the foundation. The ideal option is to use a bar with a section of 15 by 10 cm as a Mauerlat.

Next you will build rafter legs- this is the main element that will create a roof slope. Standard rafters are made from a board 50 by 150 mm, and diagonal ones - 100 by 150 mm.

You will need and puffs, whose main task is to prevent the displacement of the rafter legs to the sides. You will fix and connect the puffs themselves with the lower ends, and for this stock boards with a parameter of 50 by 150 meters.

But from above, both diagonal rafter legs and standard rafters will converge and be fixed to each other in skate. To do this, take a bar 150 by 100 mm.

Further, in the center of two opposite sides there should be a transverse beam - sill, which serves as a support for the racks, and they, in turn, support the ridge run. For this purpose, a beam with a section of 100 by 100 mm or 100 by 150 mm is suitable.

slopes will become a support for the rafters, which prevents them from shifting. Such you must install them at an angle to the rack, for this, take the same material as on the bench.

Don't forget also about wind board- this is a horizontal element that connected all the lower ends of the rafters. You will need to nail it to the rafters along the inner perimeter of the roof and in this way emphasize the line of the slope. For this purpose, a board 100 by 50 mm is suitable.

But for the outside you need another board - filly, from the same material. This board received such a strange name from the time when it was made cut out, in the form of horse muzzles.

But the most unusual and complex element of a hipped roof is sprengel, which gives rigidity to the entire structure. Its main task is to connect all horizontal and vertical elements. It is also mounted at an angle, and is made of a bar 100 by 100 mm:

And finally, if we are talking specifically about the hip roof, then the only element that is present exclusively in hip roofs is conjurers. They are shortened rafters that rest on a diagonal rafter leg. You can make them from a board 50 by 150 mm.

In real life, all these elements look like this:

Think about insulation too. waterproofing film and additional roofing elements:

Stage III. Installing an attic floor

Often, headstocks of hanging rafters or pendants, which work in tension in a hip roof, must be made of steel. For this to puff wooden rafters suspended perpendicularly on clamps special wooden girders.

And already perpendicular to the runs are suspended wooden beams, after which beamless lightweight fillings are laid between them. Therefore, if you want to reduce the roof load on the hanging rafters or truss, you need to choose suspended ceiling structures.

For steel trusses, the suspended ceiling must be made fireproof, along steel beams. Between such beams, prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs should be laid, and already on them - light insulation. To increase the fire resistance and durability of such load-bearing structures, they must be made of reinforced concrete. Moreover, it is better to make the most reinforced concrete supporting structures from large-sized prefabricated panels so as not to take risks.

Stage IV. Installation of the ridge run

In calculating the ridge run, start from the following nuances:

If the building has capital longitudinal walls, or at least two rows of internal pillars, then two runs are made. At the same time, many truss structures along the length can be composite, and crossbars are used to increase rigidity.
If the building does not have internal supports, then sloping rafters cannot be made here. And therefore, special construction trusses are used, to which the attic floor is simply suspended. In this case, the rods, which are located along the upper contour of the trusses, form the upper belt of the construction truss, and along the lower contour - already the lower belt. The truss lattice itself now forms vertical rods and braces - inclined rods that are located between the upper and lower chords. Moreover, such farms are not necessarily made only of wood, on the contrary, steel reinforced concrete is quite popular today. In the process of construction itself, farms are installed at a distance of 4-6 meters from each other. The simplest version of such farms is trussed, which consist of rafter legs, vertical suspension, headstock and puffs.
If the width of the building is large enough, construction trusses or trussed supports are used during installation. But then the attic floor cannot be covered with beams that will rest on the walls alone. Such a structure must be hung on steel clamps to the lower chord of the truss, or to a puff, so as to form suspended ceilings.

This photo illustration clearly shows how exactly the rafters need to be attached to the ridge and ridges:

Stage V. Installation of standard and diagonal rafters

So, the diagonal rafter legs rest directly on the ridge, depending on the following conditions:

If there is only one ridge run in the middle of the roof, then the diagonal leg must be stuffed on the run console. They are specially released for this purpose by 15 centimeters for a fake frame, and then they cut off the excess.
If there are two runs, then they need to install a trussed structure from a horizontal beam and a rack, and then fix the rafters themselves.
If the beam is strong at the same time, from a bar, and not from boards, then it makes sense to make a surf - a short board with a thickness of at least 5 centimeters. And the hip roof rafters are already supported on it.

In addition, for reliability, the rafters are fixed with a metal wire twisted several times.

On the ribs, the installation of ridge elements must be carried out in the same sequence as on a conventional roof ridge. Those. install the rib element with a closed end, put the ridge elements in the lock and fix them mechanically. But at the intersection of the ribs and the ridge of the hip roof, it is customary to install Y-shaped ridge elements, although you can also use the initial and final ridge elements instead.

But only cut them along the contour when they are fixed on the edge, and mechanically fix the joints. Be sure to treat with a primer and mineral dressing from a standard repair kit. Also, when installing ridge elements, finally leave a gap on the ribs or ridges of a four-pitched roof to remove air from the under-roof space.

All the same principles must be observed when building a hipped roof of complex shape:

You will succeed!

Do-it-yourself hipped roof: device, types, how to do it yourself

We understand how a hipped roof is built with our own hands: types of structures, their features and the installation process of each subspecies. Step by step master classes.

Types of hipped roof DIY installation

Pitched roof structures are very often used in private homes. Their four-slope variety is ideal for tall buildings, since the roof looks more compact and neat without a massive gable. The design of the hipped roof contains many constituent elements. It can be both relatively simple and more complex due to dormers and dormer windows. But in the latter case, it looks more interesting and diverse.

Varieties

The hipped roof, in comparison with its gable counterpart, better resists wind loads, precipitation and protects the walls of the building well. Its design is more complex, but such a roof can be built independently on a small house or gazebo. In the photo on the network you can see how beautiful and harmonious the 4-pitched roof looks. It decorates both one-story houses and higher buildings.

Before you make a hipped roof with your own hands, you need to decide on its type. There are the following types of such systems:

The hip design incorporates two trapezoid-shaped slopes and two triangular slopes, called hips. The first two slopes are joined to each other in the ridge. During installation, the method of arranging layered rafters, as in a gable system, and sloping rafter legs from a 4-slope system, is used.
The half-hip design has the same structure, only the hip slopes are shortened. Under them is a pediment in which you can make big windows to illuminate the attic or attic floor without losing the strength of the roof.
You can also build hipped roofs with your own hands if you make four slopes in the shape of an isosceles triangle. They converge at one point.
The most difficult thing is to independently build a hipped roof of complex configuration with many valleys, gables, adjoining and attic windows. In this case, it is better to entrust the construction to specialists, since only they will be able to correctly calculate the structure, execute its plan, diagram and assemble it on the spot.

Attention! In addition to the supporting frame of the roof, it is necessary to decide on roofing, waterproofing and thermal insulation materials, insofar as different designs roofs and slope slopes require the use of different materials.

Constituent elements

Since the design of a hipped roof is practically the same as gable system, it consists of the same constituent elements, but with the addition of some additional details. 4-pitched roof includes the following details:

Mauerlat. This is a wooden beam of square or rectangular section, which is laid on top of the external load-bearing walls on which the rafters will rest. It takes the entire load and distributes it evenly for transfer to the walls. Houses with a hipped roof are made with a Mauerlat section of 100x100 mm or 150x100 mm.
Beds are internal supporting elements that are laid on load-bearing walls inside the house or support. The material and cross section of the bed is the same as that of the Mauerlat.
Rafters are divided into sloping and side. The last of them form a trapezoidal slope, and the slanting ones are needed for hip slopes. In a hipped roof, side rafters are not used. The side rafters are assembled from a beam with a section of 5x15 cm, and the diagonal ones - 10x15 cm. The optimal step of the rafter system is 800-900 mm, but it can be less or more depending on the chosen roofing and roof design features.
Racks are needed to support the frame of the four-slope structure.
The ridge run is a horizontal element that simultaneously connects the rafters and serves as a support for them. The pitched design of the hipped roof does not have a ridge. It is better to make it from a bar with a section of 150x100 (50) mm.
Puffs - a horizontal element that connects paired side rafters, preventing them from moving apart. Material - board with a section of 5x15 cm.
Sprockets are shortened rafters that are attached to a diagonal leg. They are made from a board measuring 150x50 mm.
Struts - special struts that allow you to increase the strength and load-bearing capacity of the roof.
The filly is the elements that form the overhang of the roof and are attached to the rafters from below. It is made from a bar with a section of 120x50 mm.

When arranging a more complex 4-pitched roof, the drawing and structural diagram may contain other additional elements, for example, cornices, protective strips, additional lathing, etc. In order to accurately calculate the required amount of material, it is necessary to make a sketch or drawing to scale, and carry out all the necessary calculations on it.

Important: the material of all the constituent elements of the roof is coniferous wood of at least grade 2 with a moisture content of not more than 15%.

Mounting sequence

We will study how a hipped roof is made with our own hands using the example of the simplest hip design. The step-by-step process of installing the constituent elements of the roof looks like this:

To transfer and evenly distribute the load from the roof frame, snow and the roofing itself, Mauerlats are laid on the load-bearing walls. The beams are fixed to the enclosing structures by means of anchor studs, which are laid even at the stage of wall construction. If the house is built of wood, then the role of the Mauerlat is performed by the last crown of the log house. Mauerlat beam is necessarily protected from brick, concrete and stone walls by means of waterproofing. To do this, it is wrapped with two layers of roofing material.
Beds are laid on carriers internal walls. They are necessary where racks are provided in the truss system. If there are no internal load-bearing walls in the house or they are in the wrong place, then reinforced beams must be provided under the racks, which act as floors. As a rule, beams have a section of 20x5 cm, so the bearing elements are increased to a section of 20x10 cm.
After that, they begin to install racks on load-bearing beams or beds. Racks are leveled by level or plumb and temporarily fixed by means of supports made of boards. For reliable fixation of the rack, metal corners or steel plates are used. For a simple hip system, you'll need one row of poles centered just below the ridge. The step of the racks is not more than 2 m. When arranging a hipped roof, the racks must be installed under diagonal legs at the same distance from the corner of the house.
Next, runs are placed on the installed racks. In a conventional hip system, this run is a strong point. At the hipped roof, all the girders form a rectangle with a smaller perimeter than the house itself. All runs in this design are fastened with metal corners and self-tapping screws.
Now you can start installing the rafter legs. At the same time, the installation of side rafters in a simple hip system is performed in the following sequence:
- A board (150x25 mm) along the width of the rafters is applied to the ridge at the installation site of the extreme rack and a template is made. The upper cut is marked on it (the place by which the rafter leg will rest on the ridge) and cut out.
- Next, the template is applied to the ridge and the lower cut is cut out (the one with which the rafter element will rest on the Mauerlat beam).
- After that, the finished template is applied to the ridge at the installation site of the rafters and the need to fit for each rafter element is checked.
- The rafters are marked and a notch is cut out according to the template.
- Now the rafter legs can be installed and attached to the Mauerlat and the ridge beam. For fixing use metal corners and screws or staples.

For the manufacture of diagonal reinforced rafters, you can use two spliced boards of a conventional side rafter. A template for diagonal legs is done in the same way. top these elements rest on the rack, and the bottom - on the corner of the Mauerlat. That is why the cuts must be made at 45 degrees.
Next, sprigs are installed between the two diagonal rafters. The installation step of these elements is equal to the installation step of the rafters. The upper part of the narozhnik rests on a diagonal leg, the lower part - on the Mauerlat. Washed down on the top of the sprigs in half of the elements is done in a mirror image. The lower washed down is usually performed in place. After mounting the element, an overhang is formed, which is aligned with the stretched cord and cut.
The constructed truss system does not yet guarantee the reliability of the roof. Since the diagonal legs bear the maximum load, it is necessary to install additional racks under them - spregnels. They must rest on reinforced floor beams.
Under the side rafter legs, struts are installed, which with their lower edge rest on a bed or floor beam, and their upper edge should rest against the rafter at an angle of about 45 °.
Do-it-yourself hipped roof can be made with any roofing, for example, from ondulin, corrugated board, metal tiles, flexible tiles. But it is worth remembering that under the soft coating you need to make a continuous crate of moisture-resistant plywood or OSB. If you are planning to do attic floor, then it is necessary to lay a heater between the rafters, and hem everything from below with a vapor barrier. If the attic is cold, then only the floors are insulated. Under roofing waterproofing is necessarily laid and a ventilation gap is made.

Hip roof: device and how to do it yourself

Varieties of hipped roofs for the house, device and structural elements. Do-it-yourself roof installation sequence.